a vietnamese - american cross-cultural study on disparaging = nghiên cứu giao văn hóa việt - mỹ về cách thức chê bai tt

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES
  


NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG VÂN


A VIETNAMESE - AMERICAN CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON
DISPARAGING

NGHIÊN CỨU GIAO VĂN HÓA VIỆT – MỸ VỀ CÁCH THỨC
CHÊ BAI


M.A. Combined Programme Thesis




FIELD : ENGLISH LINGUISTICS
CODE : 602215





HANOI - 2010

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES
  


NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG VÂN


A VIETNAMESE - AMERICAN CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON
DISPARAGING

NGHIÊN CỨU GIAO VĂN HÓA VIỆT – MỸ VỀ CÁCH THỨC
CHÊ BAI


M.A. Combined Programme Thesis




Field : ENGLISH LINGUISTICS
Code : 602215
Supervisor : Phan Thị Vân Quyên, M.A.




HANOI - 2010

4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate of originality of project report i
Acknowledgements ii
Abstract iii
Table of contents iv
Lists of figures and tables v
Abbreviations vi
PART A – INTRODUCTION 1
1. RATIONALE 1
2. AIMS OF THE STUDY 2
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2
4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 2
5. METHODOLOGY 3
6. DESIGN OF THE STUDY 3
PART B – DEVELOPMENT 4
CHAPTER 1 – LITERATURE REVIEW 4
1.1. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION 4
1.1.1. Language and Culture 4
1.1.2. Cross – Cultural Communication 6
1.2. CROSS – CULTURAL PRAGMATICS 6
1.3. SPEECH ACTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACTS 8
1.4. POLITENESS 11
1.4.1. Politeness and the notion of Face 11
1.4.2. Politeness strategies 14
1.4.3. Social factors affecting politeness 17
1.5. DIRECTNESS AND INDIRECTNESS 18
1.5.1. Directness (D) and Indirectness (ID) as Communication Styles 18
1.5.2. Socio- Cultural Factors Influencing the Use of Directness and Indirectness In

5
Human Interaction 20
1.6. DISPARAGING 22
1.6.1. Disparaging as a speech act 22
1.6.2. Disparaging and criticizing 22
1.6.3. Popular topics for disparaging 23
CHAPTER 2 – METHODOLOGY 24
2.1. Survey research as the main method 24
2.2. Subject of the study 24
2.3. Data collection instrument 24
2.4. Data collecting procedures 25
2.5 Comments on the survey questionnaire 25
2.6. Comments on the informants 26
CHAPTER 3 – STRATEGIES OF DISPARAGING 28
3.1. STRATEGIES USED IN DISPARAGING 28
3.1.1. 14 main types of disparaging strategies 28
3.1.2. Integrative disparaging strategies 38
3.2. USE OF DISPARAGING STRATEGIES AS SEEN FROM COMMUNICATING
PARAMETERS 40
3.2.1. Data Analysis 40
3.2.2. Concluding Remarks 50
3.3. USE OF DISPARAGING STRATEGIES AS SEEN FROM
INFORMANTS’PARAMETERS 54
3.3.1. Data Analysis 54
3.3.2. Concluding Remarks 62
3.4. USE OF DISPARAGING STRATEGIES AS SEEN FROM THE TOPIC OF
DISPARAGING 67
3.4.1. Data Analysis 67
3.4.2. Concluding Remarks 71

PART C – CONCLUSION 74

6
1. REVIEW OF THE FINDINGS 74
2. IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY 77
3. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 77
4. SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 77
BIBLIOGRAPHY 79
APPENDICES 83
ENGLISH SURVEY QUESTIONAIRES 83
VIETNAMESE SURVEY QUESTIONAIRES 88