đánh giá hiệu quả kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường của nghề trồng rong nguyên liệu chiết xuất carrageenan (carrageenophytes) ở tỉnh khánh hòa


NHA TRANG








LÊ THANH HÒA






,  VÀ MÔI


(CARRAGEENOPHYTES) 













Nha Trang - 

NHA TRANG







LÊ THANH HÒA




,  VÀ MÔI



(CARRAGEENOPHYTES) 
















:









Nha Trang - 

i







nhân tôi. 







Lê Thanh Hòa




ii



T 
  



gi



 



Lê Thanh Hòa





iii




 i
 ii
 i
 vi
 vii
 ix
 1
 3


 3
 3
 4
1.1.3.  5
1.1.4. Y 6
 6
 7
 7
 7
 8
 8
eucheuma 9
 9
 11
 20
eucheuma 20
eucheuma
 22
 22
 23




iv


1.5. CÁC V  LIÊN QUAN TRONG K THUT TRNG
EUCHEUMA 25
 25

1.5. 25
 25
1.5.4. Cá 25
 26
 26
 27
 27
 KHI NGHIÊN CU 28
2.3.  29
2.4. THU THP VÀ X LÝ S LIU 29
 29
 30
 30
 31
2.4.2.3 31
 32

       
 32
 32
 32
3.1.1.2. Gió mùa 34
 34

 35
 35
 36
 37

v



       
 38
 38
 38
 40
3. 40
 41
 45
3.2.1.6. 47
 47

47

51

 54
3.3. HIKINH TÊN MÔ
NGH
55
3.3. 55
 56
 56
 58
TÀI  59

 65





vi


DANH 

 Kappaphycus và Eucheuma  13
. di  Kappaphycus  13
 Kappaphycus và Indonesia trong
 15
food hydrocolloid) 16
 34
3.2. 36
 37
3.4 rong 5000 m
2
48
 rong 
2
48
3.6. Chi phí  49
 50
8 50
9 rong 50
3.10 2.500 m

2
51
1rong 
2
52
3.12. Chi phí  53
3 53
4 53
5 rong 54
6
Cam Ranh 54
3.17.  rong 55
8 56
3.19. 
 57




vii


DANH 

Hình 1.1.  4
Hình 1.2.  5
Hình 1.3.  5
Hình 1.4.  6
Hình 1.5.  17
 18

Hình 1.7  18
Hình 1.8. Mô hình g 23
Hình 1.9. G 24
Hình 1.10 24
Hình 1.11 24
Hình 1.12.   26
 27
 27
 28
 28
 32
 33
 35
 Cam Ranh 36
 37

 38
 
Phong 39




viii



Ranh 39
 39
nh Vân Phong

 40
 41
 42
Hình 3.13. T s ký sinh     rong s gai 42
 43
 43
 44
Hình 3.17.  44
 45

















ix




CV: 
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
USD: United States dollar
N: 
AND: Acid Deoxyribo Nucleic
DTTB: 
SL: 
TSL: 





1



, rong s - Eucheuma denticulatum   iota -
carrageenan trong khi 2 loài rong s - Kappaphycus alvarezii và rong b  -
Kappaphycus striatum   kappa - carrageenan. Ba loài rong
Eucheuma [0]. Chi Eucheuma
và Kappaphycus,  Areschougiaceae     Florideophyceae,
ngành Rhodophyta.  nuôi rong
ssvà rong b  
 keo carrageenan.  hàng   
là  200  USD [0].
 

 [0]. Rong sbs

gai là 
trong các ao nuôi tôm, rong
này        

 [0, 0].
Eucheuma  
 
Chính

 loài rong này.  Eucheuma    
nhanh chóng     
 1.000 (Doty và Alvarez 1975)  
[0].  carrageenan  
 5  - carrageenan 
  Kappaphycus [0, 0].
Eucheuma  là 





2


-  Tháng 10/1993

H
Yên, Khánh Hòa,
 s là
 



              rong  
carrageenan
          nói chung và t
Khánh Hòa nói riêng     ,       

                 
carrageenan
         

:
- 

- 



  
2). H







3

1
, RONG 
RONG 
1
Rong s Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty, 1988)    Kappaphycus
striatum (Schmitz) Doty là Cottonii, Spinosum


Nam. Rong s có 
Ngành: (Phyta) Rhodophyta
: (Class) Rhodophyceae
: (Subclass) Florideophydae
: (Order) Gigartinales
: (Family) Solieriaceae
Tông: (Tribus) Eucheumatoideae
Chi: (Genus) Kappaphycus
Loài: Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty


Loài: Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty


Chi: Eucheuma
Loài: Eucheuma denticulatum (Burman) Collins et Harvey



4


1
Rong s




 -  - 2 cm, phân
 -  - 10

 m, 
  56 kg [0, 0, 0].

Hình 1.1: Hình ong s
Rong s
            
 
  - 30 ,3  0,5
              
 dài 1 - 10 cm. Phân nhánh dày 4 - 
 1 - 6 cm.

 [0, 0, 0].




5

Hình 1.2: kithuatnuoitrong.blogspot.com)
Rong b

20 - 25 và nhánh 1 - 2 cm. Phân nhánh dày 3 - theo

[0, 0].

Hình 1.3: 
1.1.3. 
, rong  -
      -        -

trên cây
 [0].




6



Hình 1.4:  [0].
(2N)
(1N)(1N)

        (2N) 

.


 

  rong , rong  là nhân
 
1.1.4. Y
1.1.4
Rong s, rong  là 
     

  
 40  
s0].
 
20    




7


                
0]
1.1.4
- 30
o
C. Khi


o

o
C rong
0].
Mairh  (1986) rong b  
trong  14,3 - 31,2
0
C    - 31
0
C.
  b      là 1,4 %/ngày.
  là  31
0
C trong  và rong  
17
0
C b
0

 (1995) rong
b
0

0


0


0
C [0].
1.1.4


 

o


0, 0, 0, 0]
    Glenn và Doty (1990) 
rong , rong b gai  
.   rong mùa hè cao   [0].
1.1.4
C  khác nhau  mô  rong b,  mô 
 có  .




8


 - 
0].
Theo rong ong 
- 145µmol photon/m
2
/s, rong 

- 165µmol photon/m
2
/s0].
sb

s30
0
C 100
mol photon/m
2
/s , trong khi rong b
30
0
C và ánh sáng 150 mol photon/m
2
/s [0].
1.1.4
otpho) s, rong
 
     
0, 0, 0].
Schramm  (1984)    lên vùng 
rong b  Philippines     
   và  trong
  (nitrat, nitrit, amoni,  và  ) và các
    nuôi  
)  không ,   
sau 2 -  .  n 
 trong    phân trong     
  [0].

1.2.
Kappaphycus  
.
0].
C     eucheuma  . Carrageenan  có




9


     Chondris, Gigartinastell (cùng B 
Hypnea, protei

otein  [0].
1.2.1. 
Rong s

khác.
Rong s - carrageenan trên


5% - 7%0].
 25 
0, 0, 0]. Tuy nhiên loài K. alvarezii 

 2000 lên



 [0].
1.2.2. 




. Trong s

 
  
a 




10


      


 


4
2-
otei

  


0].
Ngoài ra, rong

 

. [0].




otei
 
0].

-carrageenan, K- vào du
 Carrageenan vào


y
0].




11



 rong , rong  



               Malaysia,
Venezuela. Nuôi 
 chi Kappaphycus 

 nh

 [0, 0].
Chi Kappaphycus         vào  .
Pickering và Forbes (2002), Teitelbaum (2003), Namudu và Pickering (2006),
Pickering (2006)   loài này  các 
  cách  và   Báo cáo
     giám sát nuôi    thông
qua . Ngoài ra,     khích làm 
  khu   nhân, góp   và áp 
các   [0, 0, 0, 0].
Teitelbaum (2003)   nông dân  Thái Bình
 trong  rong   các
   rong bao : ,  , các
và   pháp  và dây có nút , treo dây
ronggiàn ,   và 
 h  nguyên nhân,  
pháp cho các      , rong
  [0].
Pickering và Mate (2003) báo cáo   nuôi 
b do chính  Fiji   . Báo cáo bao  các 
 Fiji nuôi ,  và  
     Fiji [0, 0].

12


De Paula    (2002)         Kappaphycus
alvarezii thí   cho Ubatuba, bang Sao Paulo,
Brazil  cách    bè . Nuôi nhánh K. alvarezii 
  trung bình  2,97  4,25 g,   
 các  hàng tháng  Ubatuba, tránh  
loài ngoài ý  [0].
Mô hình     các 
   . Mô hình 
  cho  Xincun    ,      
 và photpho Kappaphycus trong Xincun là 53,8 và 3,7
  ,  1999 - 2000 .
Báo cáo  
Eucheuma và Kappaphycus  ,   có hai nhà máy  
carrageenan      thành . Rong s      


1989) Ds
                
kappaphycus  [0].
Bulboa và De Paula (2005) so sánh   rong s rong b 
ánh sáng   khác nhau   ông N
Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazilrong skhác
  rong b và  . Ngoài ra, 
  Kappaphycus là , 
b  khi các  cho  

  . Rong s  loài có  và an toàn sinh
thái   nuôi    [0].
     s   Kappaphycus alvarezii  
Cottonii3





13




 Châu Á - Thái
              

TSL).
1 

Kappaphycus*
Eucheuma**


Indonesia
Madagasca
Malaysia
Philippines
Tanzania
800

200
48,000
300
4,000
60,000
1,000


8,000
400

10,000
4,000

114,300
22,400
Neish, I.C. àn SuriaLink.com,2003[0]
* Kappaphycus alvarezii ( Doty ) Doty
** Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L.Burman) Collins et Harvey
Kappaphycus      nuôi
   nhu   Carrageenan
  , rong    trên
    và   
   cho  .
2.  Kappaphycus 
STT



Nuôi 


1
Fiji
1984

2
Philippines
1971
+
3
Hawaii - 
1985

4
Djiboiti
1973

5
Kiribati
1981
+




14


6
Tuvalu

1977

7
Samoa
1978

8
Malaysia
1978
+
9
Antilles - Pháp
1978
+
10
Tonga
1982

11

1983

12
Indonesia
1985
+
13
Micronesia
1985

14
Polynesia - Pháp
1985

15
Guam
1985

16

1985
+
17
Maldives
1986

18

1987

19
Tanzania
1989
+
20

1989
+
21
Cu Ba

1991

22

1993

23
Brazil
1995

24
Venezuela
1996

25
Kenya
1996

26
Madagascar
1998


: Neish, I. C. và SuriaLink, 2003.
V  Eucheuma và Kappaphycus  cho
       bán
 giá cao, các làng  tìm   và 
  [0].
 Eucheuma      nhanh chóng  
    1.000 

   [0].
  160.000  Kappaphycus    trong
   hay 94%   Indonesia. Các
  Kappaphycus d   
  nào.   thêm   
 Indonesia.    và giá bán  