Thiết kế ly hợp xe Toyota Fortuner 2008
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 1. Sơ đồ cấu tạo ly hợp ma sát một đĩa dẫn động cơ khí.
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 2. Sơ đồ cấu tạo ly hợp ma sát hai đĩa.
1. Bánh đà. 2. Đĩa bị động. 3. Đĩa ép.
4. Vỏ ly hợp. 5. Lò xo ép. 6. Bạc mở.
7. Bàn đạp li hợp. 8. Lò xo hồi vị. 9. Đòn kéo.
10. Càng mở. 11. Bi ‘T’. 12. Đòn mở.
13. Lò xo giảm chấn.
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 3: Cấu tạo ly hợp có lò xo ép loại đĩa.
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Hình 1.1.Sơ đồ dẫn động ly hợp bằng cơ khí.
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 1.2: Dẫn động cơ khí có trợ lực khí nén.
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 1.3: Dẫn động thuỷ lực
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 1.4. Dẫn động thuỷ lực có trợ lực chân không.
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 2.1: Hệ thống dẫn động ly hợp xe Fortuner 2008.
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Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
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Hình 2.2: Kết cấu cụm ly hợp
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:Y2oY1¥I:XYyT+A6:t,4Y:*+,:T:1œU2Y+O48+AB=2T=-;9uI‹uy.4
U417@/16I54M:D8+:XYyT+A6:t:T:56+D•+,AB148+UG=5L4yT+D•+,
:XA<+,:XYy</W+AN
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E
2. Đĩa ép và đĩa trung gian:“Y”/56A“Y=D9+,,4Y+A{I+W++4MI5.
=32I€=/•+,”/5L4A“Yy‡A<+,D97N+I*IP+O2Š+:XYA<+,:`=L4A“Yy‡
A<+,FG=:H9=D97N+I*IP++67A_@:=]:4M+y|+,:T:5H9u:?=u=Y++?4
A6+‰4‰+,=z4=D2+,A4N9U4M+19*+:‡9+4M=>4+DY‘yNI€=IY>T=“Y
”/56A“Y=D9+,,4Y+:ƒ+A{Iy{254M:H/=.56=D97N++4M=DYI*4=D_z+,
T:A“YA_@::G=32=†,Y+,A€::ƒ+:t:T:,0+2€:Dx+_L+,=0I=2T=
+4M=DY+,264•+,A<:~+,A“Y”/:T:5H9:XYA“Y”/+|I=D2+,Dx+:XY5„17
@/A{Iy{2148+UG=:Š::Š+2O9H=4M+IY>T=‘148+UG=u16I=•+,A4N9
U4B+I‘17@/
48+UG=y|+,=Y++?4I„+,A6+‰4A{Iy{2-4:97B+A“Y”/U*+,
:tIY>T=<=A;9=Y++?4A_@:=T+5L45„17@/uA;9:ƒ+134A_@:yŠ=562
A“Y”/_`+,/T/+67A_@:>– +,D<+,Dx4‘17@/OP:2+56OP={4
d17@/Y4A“Y148+UG=:t=B=]:4M++z:?=:?A‡+=D8+yT+A6A“Y=D9+,
,4Y+:t=B148+UG=5L4yT+A6+z5H92€::?=_L+,=0Iu:?=-^:=D.:
3. Tấm ma sátH=14M916Iy|+,/8DYA*A‰+,A_@::G=32A{Iy{2
M>?IY>T=:;+=4G=56M>?IY>T=o=y‡{+_‘+,U4:t>]=Y7A™4+4M=
A<u=?:A<=D_@=56T/>9H==D8+yNI€=
•tU{+•+,:?+,Iƒ+1L+‘+4M=A<:Y2•EK•n
R
F’u=D‘134U{
+•+,IY>T=yY+A;9A_@:+Y+:t+,U4y‡+9+,+t+,2€:16I13+u16I
54M:=?=‘+4M=A<:Y2uo=:tIs4U”=56U*+,y‡O?/t=o+:H=:`^::Y2
+_A<yN+uA6+‰4uA<-˜2
•T:=HIIY>T=A_@:148+UG=5L4A“Y=”/•e_`+,A“Y’y|+,A4+=T+Y
:^+/_`+,/T/=T+y‘4:tU{+•+,=Y7=G-š-6+,U4=HIy‡Iƒ+ˆ9T
I~::2/”/F4=T+I•A4+=T+/{4=H/`+yNI€==HIIY>T==†•II
ABA{Iy{2U*+,y‡:3I562yNI€=A“Y”/2€:yT+A64+=T+16Iy|+,
5W=14M9INIABU4=HIIY>T=y‡I64Iƒ+ˆ9TI~:=CU*+,,07O_L:yNI€=
16I54M:D8+yNI€==HIIY>T=:t=BA_@:O˜Dx+_L+,=0I565ƒ+,=Dƒ+
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
n
+|I=•+,U{+•+,=4G/O…:A‰+,=32+8+:T:Dx+=2T=y.4u=2T=+4M=U„4yN
I€=IY>T=
4. Lò xo giảm chấn:F4I*IP+A<+,:`=Y7A™4=CDH=:t=B:t>]-Y2
A<+,+67=Ds+,5L4=;+>?-Y2A<+,D48+,:XY:4=4G=+62At=D2+,M=?+,
=D97N+1]:u-J+AG++v+,-Y2A<+,:<+,_‘+,:2M=?+,+67uU”2=P2:t
=B/T9w:4=4G=2€:A<+,^::XY:…+,25W7/{416I1ƒO2,4{I:H+
AB,4{IA<:~+,:XYM=?+,=D97N+1]:u-2At,4{I=;+>?D48+,:XYM=?+,
=D97N+1]:56UŠ:/.::<+,_‘+,‘=;+>?:Y2ƒ+=DT+A_@::<+,_‘+,‘
=;+>?=H/+,_z4=Y16I:4=4G=IY>T=AB=9+•+,1_@+,:XY:T:-Y2A<+,‘
=;+>?+67
5. Lò xo ép: ƒO2”/=D2+,17@/IY>T=16:4=4G=ˆ9T+=D^+,+H=:t
=T: +,=3218+1]:”/:XY17@/ƒO2”/16I54M:=D2+,=D3+,=T419*+19*+
y‡+”+AB=321]:”/=D97N+18+A“Y”/F4I‘17@/:T:1ƒO2”/:t=B16I
54M:‘=D3+,=T4=•+,={4•1ƒO2=D.u1ƒO2:*+’2€:A_@:,4{I={4•1ƒO2A“Y’
ƒO2”/A_@::G=32=†:T:1234=”/:tA<:~+,:Y256A_@:+4M=197M+u
+|I™+A4+109-64A<:~+,=D2+,I*4=D_z+,+4M=A<:Y2
FG=:H9uUo:=_L:56A€:=o+:XY:.I17@/A_@:OT:A‡+=P212341ƒO2”/
D2+,17@/*=*=_z+,A_@:O– +,1ƒO2=D.u1ƒO2:*+561ƒO2A“YuUG=:H9
‘=D3+,=T4=]-2A€:=o+y4G+-3+,•ˆ9Y+M1]:/56y4G+-3+,£’:XY:T:1234
1ƒO2A_@:=B4M+C+-_L4
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
K
/y
/Y
/:
/:
/Y
/y
/
Q•’
O•II’
C+‰=‡y4B9-4š+1]:”/:XY1ƒO2=P2A<y4G+-3+,:XY1ƒO2
ƒO2=D.•Y’:tA_z+,A€:=o+=97G+=o+ƒO2:*+•y’:t-3+,/YDYy21
F4I‘17@/:T:1ƒO2+67Aƒ4„41]:A4N9U4B+1L+•/Y¦/’¤•/y¦/’A4N9
+67-J+=L4=D_@=+4N9:T:yNI€=IY>T=Iƒ++Y+BUŠ:/.::T:+_@:
A4BI=D8+€:=o+:XY1ƒO2A“Y=32+8+1]:”/=Y7A™4U*+,AT+,UB=D2+,
5s+,16I54M:uUB:{U4Iƒ+56U4I‘17@//:§/¤/:§/
nĐòn mở ly hợp: ƒ+I‘17@/16U09+?4,4vY/;+-J+A<+,A4N9
U4B+56/;+:XA<+,A“Y”/14@/ƒ+I‘A{I+W+=D97N+1]:A4N9U4B+
ABI‘A“Y”/=D2+,:.I17@/F4I‘17@/1]:A4N9U4B+:;+”/1ƒO2”/
134F”2A“Y”/=T::T:yNI€=IY>T=]:A4N9U4B+=T: +,18+Aƒ+I‘1L+u
+8+Aƒ+I‘=_z+,:t=†:4G:=D‘18+uy?=DoAN9=P2:954ƒ+I‘A_@:
148+UG=5L4A“Y:XA<+,56:s+,ˆ9Y75L45„17@/ƒ+I‘A_@::G=32=†
=”/@/U4I:t=D^+,1_@+,56Uo:=_L:+„4G=-4M+:XYAƒ+I‘/.=9<:
562U*+,,4Y+56/_`+,/T/:G=32uA…:2€:-W/;+1L+:T:17@/1ƒ
O2A“YO– +,1ƒO2”/O˜Dx+AB=32=6+Aƒ+I‘
K Ổ bi tê:$y4=8:tU{+•+,-‡::97B+-^:=D.:17@/uU4I‘At+,
17@/u™y4=8=—>T=562A;9Aƒ+I‘56A“Y”/™y4=—16:4=4G=:‡9I64Iƒ+
:Y256A_@:y*4=D`++z:`:H9=DYI‹2€:y*4=D`+5“+:–9
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
S
9 520/#
Hình 2.4: Dẫn động ly hợp
+,-J+A;9DY r„:Y2>9:Py.4
ƒO2‰45‡/4>=2+ R;+A•7/4>=2+:o+
e41Y+:o+ 1ƒO2‰45‡y6+A3/
)L=16IUo+ l6+A3/
ElC+-;9 3+,I‘
n4>=2+:o+ )e41Y+:*+,=T:
KL=16IUo+ El91*+,O{Uo
Sƒ+,AMI
M=?+,-J+A<+,=X71]:,‰I:tl6+A3/17@/•’O71Y+:o+
•’u:T:=Y+-J+A<+,56:6+,I‘•’uO71Y+:*+,=T:•)’
l6+A3/17@/I<=A;9A_@:+?45L4,4T=DP2u‘,4vY=—562A;9:;+A•7
:XY/4>=2+O71Y+:o+D8+:;+A•7:ty91*+,A4N9:›+ABA4N9:C+6+
=DC+=]-2:XYy6+A3/
=&A#Q#-
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
r
Hình 2.5: Kết cấu xy lanh chính
+,-J+-;9DY n4>=2+:o+
ƒO2‰45‡/4>=2+:o+ KL=16IUo+
e71Y+:o+ Sƒ+,:€+
)L=16IUo+ r„:Y2>9:Py.4
ElC+-;9 R;+A•7/4>=2+:o+
e71Y+:o+A_@:yŠ=:€==D8+=6+OPl8+=D8+O71Y+:o+A_@:
yŠ=5L4yC+-;9D2+,O71Y+:o+:t/4>=2+56/L=16IUo+AB+”+A;9A4
562A_z+,-;9ABAG+O71Y+:*+,=T:W=14M916IO71Y+:o+56O71Y+
:*+,=T:y|+,,Y+,
e71Y+:o+:XY17@/,‰I:t:;+A•7u/4>=2+O71Y+:o+u:T:1ƒO2
xI561ƒO2:*+uyC+:~Y-;9D2+,ˆ9T=DC+23=A<+,u>]=D_@=:XY/4>=2+
=32DY:T:T/>9H==X71]:ABA4N9U4B+At+,:Š=17@/uA‰+,=z41ƒO2/{+
‰4:XYy6+A3/148+=.:U”2:;+A•75N/oYy6+A3/17@/
=&Q#n&
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
R
C+n:H9=32O71Y+:Š=
e71Y+:Š=A_@::G=32y|+,,Y+,u,‰I:tA_z+,-;956256A_@:1Š/
5o=O{Uoe71Y+,‰I:t/4>=2+u/L=16IUo+u:;+A•7I<=A;91Š/5L4/4>=2+
I<=A;91Š/5L4+3+,I‘D2+,ˆ9T=DC+23=A<+,u>]=D_@=:XY/4>=2+1]:AB
A4N9U4G+At+,:Š=17@/y|+,:T:16I+3+,I‘-‡::97B+
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^_`VaLoV^LplVL^mL;m^fLqrV`8s
>tgpqqLZVtqOO5
>lXuV^lL^vVa8wxd^f
! ! ?.0@---.A
*IP+IY>T=:XY17@/A_@:=o+=P2:*+,=~:
1
¨β
PIYO
••’
D2+,At
1
I*IP+IY>T=:XY17@/
PIYO
I*IP+O2Š+:]:A34:XYA<+,:`
PIYO
¨)EI
βM>?-]=Dv:XY17@/
M>?β/{41L+`+ABA{Iy{2=D97N+G=I*IP+:XYA<+,:`=D2+,
I^4=D_z+,@/97+48+β:•+,U*+,A_@::^+1L+`+AB=DT+=•+,Uo:
=_L:A“Yy‡A<+,56=DT+:2M=?+,=D97N+1]:y‡ˆ9T={4M>?βA_@::^+
=P2=]:+,4MI=DY=D2+,l{+,©©_L+,-J+A‰T+I*+^:=4G=UGM
=?+,17@/:XY*=*•IT7U”2©©u8‡6+,
5L4OP-91‡:β¨uªuKEu=Y:^+β¨u
•W7I*IP+IY>T=:XY17@/
1
¨β
PIYO
¨u)E¨SuE•I’
! ?.0@3BCDEA
*IP+IY>T=:XY17@/A_@:OT:A‡+=P2:*+,=~:
l tb
M P R i
µ
=
••’
D2+,At
µ
M>?IY>T==D_@=,4vY=HIIY>T=56A“Y”/2€:yT+A6
4?A*4yNI€=IY>T=
=y
lT+Uo+IY>T==D9+,yC+•yT+Uo+:XYA4BIA€=1]:”/=™+,@/’
F4=4G=UG:t=B:^+>`y<A_z+,Uo++,264:XYA“YIY>T==P2:*+,
=~:U4++,4MI
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YO
un • ’
em
M
D R cm= =
••’
D2+,At
PIYO
I*IP+:]:A34:XYA<+,:`u
PIYO
¨)E•I’
_z+,Uo++,264:XYA“YIY>T=•:I’
M>?U4++,4MIu1H7=P21234*=*¤5L4*=*:2+¨)uK
Hình 3.1 Sơ đồ tính toán bán kính trung bình
^+>`y<A_z+,Uo++,264:XYA“YIY>T==P2:*+,=~:U4++,4MI
¨un
)E
)uK
¨uS•:I’••)’
^+
¨•:I’Y7
¨
¨uE•:I’
⇒
¨E•II’
lT+Uo+=D2+,:XYA“YIY>T=A_@::^+=P2:*+,=~:
¨•RuEªRuKE’
=y
A_@:=o+=P2:*+,=~:
• ’
tb
R R
R cm
R R
−
=
−
••E’
D2+,At
lT+Uo++,264:XYA“YIY>T=
lT+Uo+=D2+,:XYA“YIY>T=
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
-
4L43+-_L4-s+,:21234A<+,:`:t>?5ƒ+,ˆ9Y7U*+,1L+d=D‡>?
+67>]UT:+Y9,4vYyT+Uo+
56
1L+u,07+8+>]:8+18:=?:A<=D_@=
=4G/=97G+1L+u,07+8+>]Y2Iƒ+=HIIY>T=>‚U*+,AN9=†=D2+,DY+,264
B=DT+=C+=D3+,At=C,4L43+-_L4:›-s+,:2A<+,:`:t>?5ƒ+,ˆ9Y7
=H/u:ƒ+A<+,:`:t>?5ƒ+,ˆ9Y7:Y2`+=Y:^+=D‡>?
=P2,4L43+=D8+
⇒
lT+Uo+=D2+,:XYA“YIY>T=y|+,
¨RunE
¨RunEE¨K)uKE•II’
^+
¨KE•II’¨KuE•:I’
lT+Uo+=D9+,yC+
• ’
tb
R R
R cm
R R
−
=
−
¨
’•Rrn)uR’•n)ur
EuKEu
EuKEu
mmcm
==
−
−
⋅
! ) "FGB#01D@0/#
?A*4yNI€=IY>T=A_@::^+>`y<=P2:*+,=~:
• n’
« ¬
l d
tb tb
M M
i
R P b q R
β
µ π µ
= = −
D2+,At
•y•lND<+,=HIIY>T=,Š+=D8+A“Yy‡A<+,
y¨
-
¨E-KE¨)R•II’¨RuR)•I’
•«ˆ¬•T/1]:D48+,:2/”/=D8+yNI€=IY>T=
^+«ˆ¬¨ERF¢I
•:^+=P2y{+,•>T:=4G=UG*=*IT7U”2’
•
µ
•M>?IY>T=^+®¨Ru•:^+=P2y{+,•>T:=4G=UG
*=*IT7U”2’†At=Y=o+A_@:
4¨
u)E
u)RuR)RuERR RuRrn)
¨uS
F4=o+4=Y/{416I=Dƒ+=P2,4T=D‡+,978+:¡+,;++H=
^+4¨
W7>?1_@+,A“Yy‡A<+,16+¨4¢¨¢¨
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
)
LoV^;yLqdXeZ;zV{\zxd^f
!?.0@#B#H.I06#
F4At+,17@/:t=BO{7DYI<==D2+,Y4=D_z+,@/
• t+,17@/A<=+,<==~:16ABA<+,:`16I54M:‘>?5ƒ+,ˆ9Y7:Y2D‰4
A<=+,<=={y6+A3/17@/D_z+,+67U*+,=?=+8+/{4=DT+
• t+,17@/I<=:T:8I-‡9,_z41T4={=†=†y6+A3/17@/U4OP
U‘4A<+,=34:œ>‚16I=•+,=z4,4Y+At+,17@/56-2At>‚=•+,:*+,=D_@=
>4+DY=D2+,ˆ9T=DC+At+,17@/D2+,>– +,=_z+,-s+,/_`+,/T/
+67+8+=Y=o+:*+,=D_@=>4+DY=D2+,=D_z+,@/+67
?.0@#BA0/#(J%
_`+,/T/+67>– +,:*+,=~:=P2U4++,4MI:XY54M+&
¨
’rEuR•
’RR¢•nuE
IYO
IYO
ψ
⋅⋅−⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅
⋅⋅⋅⋅
btefho
boe
rGiMiii
rnMG
D2+,At
-:*+,=D_@=:XY17@/U4U‘4A<+,=34:œ•I’
•=D^+,1_@+,=26+y<:XY*=*¨)ER•F,’
PIYO
-I*IP+O2Š+:]:A34:XYA<+,:`
PIYO
¨)EI
+
2
•>?5ƒ+,ˆ9Y7:XYA<+,:`U4U‘4A<+,=34:œ
:^++
2
¨RuKE+
PIYO
¨RuKE)RRR¨RRR5,¢/
5L4+
PIYO
16>?5ƒ+,ˆ9Y7:]:A34:XYA<+,:`
D
y
yT+Uo+16I54M::XY1?/5L4:‹1?/nE¢nEK
D2+,At
l¨nEIIyND<+,1?/
›1M:4N9:Y2:XY1?/¨RunEl¨RunEnE¨KuE•II’
-A_z+,Uo+56+OP-¨K4+:
⇒
-¨KEu)¨)uS•II’
D
R
yT+Uo+=4G=UG:XYyT+OPuD
R
A_@:=o+=P2:*+,=~:
D
R
¨••-¢’
λ
M>?y4G+-3+,:XY1?/u:^+12341?/T/>9H==H/¤
λ
¨RurE
W7D
y
¨λD
R
¨RurE•KuE•)uS¢’¨n•II’¨Run•I’
4
R
u4
u4
Ÿ
u1;+1_@=16=w>?=D97N+:XY=D97N+1]::o+u:XY</>?
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
E
4
R
¨)un•16=w>?=D97N+:XY=D97N+1]::o+’
4
¨Eu•16=w>?=D97N+:XY=Y7>?’
4
Ÿ
¨•16=w>?=D97N+:XY=D97N+‘=Y7>?=H/’
Ψ•M>?:{+=™+,:<+,:XYA_z+, ( Ψ = f + tgα )
Ÿ•M>?:{+1•+
α•,t:-?::XYA_z+,
F4=o+=2T+:t=B:^+Ψ¨Ÿ¨RR
⇒W7:*+,=D_@=>4+DYU4U‘4A<+,=34:œ16
¨
Eun )ER )E •RRR ¢RR’ Run
nuE •RurE )E nuE )ER Run RuR’
× × × ×
× × × − × ×
¨ErE•¯’
DK?.0@#B#
eT:A‡+:*+,=D_@=D48+,=P2:*+,=~:>Y9
[ ]
oo
l
L
l ≤=
Q4
•¯¢:I
’••K’
D2+,At
1
2
•*+,=D_@=D48+,
•*+,=D_@=:XY17@/
Q•4M+=o:yNI€=IY>T=:XYA“Yy‡A<+,•:I
’
4•?A*4yNI€=IY>T=
W7=YA_@:
DY=DYy{+,)
>T:°_L+,-J+=4G=UGM=?+,17@/:XY*=*©=YOT:A‡+:*+,=D_@=D48+,
:2/”/
P2
[ ]
5L4*=*-91‡:«1
2
¬¨RRªR¯¢:I
W7:*+,=D_@==2{Ix+:2/”/
=L-M0/
*+,=D_@=>4++4M=16I+9+,+t+,:T::4=4G=+_A“Y”/u1ƒO2±
Sinh viên: Võ Minh Ngân Lớp: Cơ khí ô tô K14a – Thanh Xuân
R
• ’
ErE
unn• ¢ ’
u)•uE KuE ’
L L
l
F i R R i
J cm
π
= =
−
= =
−
