Nghiên cứu nhỏ về hoạt động viết sáng tạo và một vài ứng dụng của hoạt động viết sáng tạo trong dạy và học ngoại ngữ đối với năm thứ nhất khoa Anh - Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội

NGHIEN
CQU
NHO VE HOAT DONG
VIET SANG TAO
VA
MOT
VAI
UNG
DUNG
CUA
HOAT DONG VIET
SANG
TAG
TRONG
DAY VA HOC
NGOAI
NGQ
DO!
vol
NAM
THQ
NHAT
KHOA
ANH,
TRUONG OAl
HOC NGOAI
NGU -
DAI HOC
QUOC
GIA
HA

NOI
NGUYfiN THI THOM
PHAM THI THANH THUY (A)
KhoaNNvdVHAnhMy
DHNN,
DHQGHN
1.DATVANDE
Trong
gilng
day ngoai ngfl ndi chung, tieng Anb ndi rieng, vice
day
cic
ky nang thuc hanh tieng (THT) la rat quan trgng, dac biet la
ddi vdi sinh
vidn
nam
diu
dai bgc. Sau mot thdi gian
bgc
tieng d phd
thdng, dc em mdi
nim
dugc mot kbdi
lugng
tfl vung, ngfl
phip,
ngfl
am
CO ban cua ngdn ngfl dich, mot chflt It ky nang THT ndi, nghe,
dgc,

vie't. Len dai bgc
II luc
dc em cd dieu kien cung cd
lai
kien
tbfle
da bgc, thuc hanh dc ky nang tieng. Ddi vdi sinh
vidn
nam tbfl nhat,
mdn vie't la mot mdn
tuong
ddi khd vi dc em chua dugc thuc hanh
nhieu.
CIc
bai viet d phd thdng
hlu he't
chi dflng lai d cap do cau va
ehu yen dudi hinh tbfle viet cd hudng
din
(controlled and/or guided
writing) nhu: viet lai cau gifl nguyen
ngbia,
bay viet dung cau tfl
nhflng tfl va cum tfl cho
sin.
Muc dich cua nhflng bai tap viet nay chu
yeu la de
luyen
ngfl
phIp

va cau true ngdn ngfl, de
luyen
ky nang lam
dc bai thi hay kiem tra. Gid day d bac dai bgc, dc em dugc hgc deb
vie't tu do (free writing), viet vi muc dich giao tie'p. Nhflng bai viet nay
kbdng chi dflng lai d
mfle
do dung cau hay
ghep nghia
ma nd
edn
mang ndi dung, y tudng cung nhu phong deb
ridng
cua tflng d nhan
354
dc em. Cac em dung kinh nghiem, tri tudng tugng, su sang tao cua
rieng minb de tao
nen
nhflng bai viet hay, dgc
dio.
Ndi mot deb
khac,
dc em da va dang thuc hanh
vie't
sang tao (creative writing).
Bai vie't nay chung tdi se trinh bay mot ngbien cflu nbd cua chung
tdi ve boat ddng viet sang tao va mot vai flng dung cua boat ddng viet
sang tao trong day va bgc ngoai ngfl ddi vdi nam tbfl nhat khoa Anb,
trudng DHNN - DHQGHN. Nhflng ndi dung chinh chung tdi se de cap
tdi la:

- The' nao la viet
sing
tao
- Y
nghIa
cua vie't
sing
tao
- Viet sang tao khi nao
- CIc budc tie'n hanh mot bai viet
sing
tao
- Mot vai flng dung cua boat ddng viet
sing
tao trong day va hgc
dc mdn THT cho sinh vien nam tbfl nhat khoa Anh trudng ta.
II.
PHAN NOI DUNG
1.
Viet sang tao la gi?
Viet
sing
tao, hieu mot deb don gian nhat la boat ddng
sing
tao
ra mot bai viet, mot doan van, hay mot van
bin
bat ky, mang
dlu
an el

nhan trong dd. Cd the ke den de
sin
pham cua viet
sing
tao nhu
nhflng cau tho, nhflng mau
chuyen
nho nbd, hoae d mfle do cao ban la
nhflng
tic
pham van hgc. Tuy nhien trong viec day va hgc ngoai ngfl,
vie't
sing
tao thudng dugc biet den dudi
cli
ten chung chung la boat
ddng vie't
nbim
ren luyen va bd trg cho de ky nang
kbic
nhu ndi,
dgc.
Vay thuc chat vie't
sing
tao
II
gi?
Joyce(2000)ly
luan:
Vie't sang tao khdng chi

la cich
duy nhat de thdi hdn cudc song
vao
Idp hgc-ngoai
ngfl ma edn tao cho ngudi hgc ngoai ngfl nhflng
co
bdi thuc hanh tbfl vi, song ddng.
Vie't sang tao khdng phai la nhflng ddng viet khdng chu y
vl
vd
thflc ma ddi bdi su chinh
xlc,
chuan
tie
trong deb dung tfl ngfl va
hanh van.
Vie't sang tao khdng cd
nghia
la viet ve
bl't
cfl di gi hoac ta't ca
355
mgi tbfl ma nd cho phep chflng ta tap trung vao dc y tudng, deb thflc
va dang van
bin
van hgc cu the.
Vie't
sing
tao khdng hoan toan
nIm

ngoai kha nang viet cua ban
bet mgi ngudi ma nd mang lai cho sinh vien co bdi de
khim phi
ngdn
ngfl va tri tudng tugng cua chinh
bin
than minb.
Viet sang tao kbdng phai la boat ddng
dir
bi hay thay the' cho hanh
vi giao tie'p
khau
ngfl ml la mot deb eudn hut ngudi bgc tim ra y
nghIa
mdi cua dc ky nang ngdn ngfl it dugc sfl dung hon.
Tie'p theo mot
loat
dinh
nghIa
In tugng tren day, Joyce, H. cung
dua ra mot bang so
sinh
viec viet, tao dung mot van ban vdi viec xay
nhl.
Cd the thay rd net nhflng diem nhan chu yeu trong su ddi chieu
cua Joyce nhu sau: Neu xay nhl ngudi ta chi
cin bin
ve kie'n
trfle
vl

thie't ke thi cau trfle va dc giai doan (stages) cua
qui
trinh viet la
bin
thie't ke' tdng the cua mot van
bin.
Vat lieu va
edng
cu de viet la ngfl
phIp,
tfl vung cung vdi but, giay,
miy
tinh, v.v ddng vai trd nhu
dl,
gach, gd vl cua, bua khi ta chuan bi
xay
nhl. De dung len dugc mot
ngdi nhl, ngudi thg xay can
phli
len ke hoach, tie'n hanh do dac, dung
khung
nhl, hoan
thanh pbin
thd, dgn dep va hoan thien. Tuong tu,
ngudi vie't cung phli lap ke hoach, vie't
nhip
cau, doan den d bai rdi
bien tap rdi chinh sfla neu
cIn
thie't.

Trong
qui
trinh xay nhl, ngudi thg cd the tao dung theo thiet kd
rieng cua minb:
Ip
dung nhflng y tudng tbfl nghiem,
sing
tao trong
bin
thie't ke, nhung
vln
phli gifl muc dich nguyen tbuy cua mot ngdi
nhl
II
mot chd cu tru, che
ning
che mua. Ddi vdi ngudi viet, hg cung
tao da'u an rieng cua minb
bing
nhflng y tudng el nhan mang tinh tien
phong,
sing
tao nhung tat d phai
dim bio ring tic phim
cua hg phai
cd
nghIa
va
dip
flng muc dich

sing
tie.
CI hai boat ddng nay deu giup nhflng ngudi thuc hien
phit
trien
dc ky nang, ky
xlo
quy
gil:
Ngudi vie't trau ddi vl hoan thien ky
nang vie't
sing
tao trong khi ngudi thg
xay
cung cd ky nang xay dung
cua minb.
Ndi tdm lai, viet sang tao la mot hinh thflc vie't ddi hoi kha nang
sing
tao cua mdi el nhan va nd bd trg cho dc ky nang ngdn ngfl khac
nhu dgc, ndi.
356
2.
Y
nghla
cua viec vie't sang tao
Ddi vdi ngudi bgc d dc dp do don gian, boat ddng nay giup hg
the hien dugc ban than thdng qua dc y tudng
sing
tao cua minb.
Thdng thudng, dc bai tap, dc nhiem vu (tasks) (se trinh bay d phan

sau)
rlt
tbfl vi, eudn hflt ngudi hgc, tao cho hg nidm hflng kbdi say
me
kbim phi
chinh minb, tang them ddng luc hgc tap. Ddng thdi, dc
dang bai tap viet
sing
tao cung gdp
phin
khdng nbd trong viec hoan
thien dc ky nang thuc hanh tieng,
kbi
nang
llm
chu va sfl dung ngdn
ngfl. d nhflng cap do cao hon, boat ddng nay giup cho d giao vien va
hgc sinh tiep can vdi mot
phuong phIp
hgc ngoai ngfl mdi trong dd
sir
tham gia cua dc ddi tugng trong sudt
qui
trinh gilng day va hgc tap
mang tinh chu ddng,
tich
cue, va true tiep hon trong mot chflng muc
nao dd. Hon nfla, viet
sing
tao edn tao dieu kien cho ngudi hgc tiep

can va hieu sau ban ve dc dang
bli
viet, tang eudng dc ky nang tranh
luan (debating skills) va tu duy
phe phIn
(critical thinking) rat
cIn
thie't trong dc chien luge (strategies) cung nhu qua trinh (procedure)
bgc tap.
3.
Viet sang tao khi nao?
Nhu chflng ta da biet, sinh vien hgc ngoai ngfl ndi chung, tieng
Anh ndi rieng, thudng
bit
dau bgc dc ky nang thuc hanh tieng nhu
ndi,
nghe, dgc, viet trudc. CIc ky nang nay cd the dugc hgc trong cung
mot quyen
gilo
trinh theo kieu xen ke (An intergrated-skills
coursebook) hay trong mdi quyen gilo trinh cd chu y
phat
trien tflng
ky nang rieng
le
(vi du: Listening I, Writing 1 ) Tuy vay, cd the
khang dinh rang ta khdng bao gid chi day mot ky nang THT trong mot
gid
Idn Idp
ma vln ket hgp dc ky nang vdi nhau, chi cd chu trgng

phat trien ky nang nao hon ma thdi. Dac biet vdi ky nang viet thi hlu
nhu gid hgc nao cung can den nd. Khi nghe giang, sinh
vidn
cung can
ghi chep tdm
tit
ndi dung bai de nbd va de dn tap. Gid hgc nghe, hgc
dgc,
sinh
vidn
ettng phai tra
Idi cau
bdi nghe hieu, dgc hieu, lam dc
bai tap, ghi chep tfl mdi. Gilo vien cung cd the
yeu
cau sinh vien vie't
tdm tat bai vfla dgc hay vfla nghe v.v. Gid hgc viet, hgc dich thi du it
du nhieu sinh vien cttng phai vie't tren Idp. Cac bai tap viet cho sinh
vien nam tbfl nhat rat phong phu nhu ke chuyen, ke chuyen qua tranh,
vie't thu, mieu ta,
nhln
tin Tham chi ngay d trong gid hgc ndi tudng
357
chflng nhu khdng
can
den viet, nhung sinh vien vln dn ghi
chep
nhflng thdng tin ma hg phdng van tfl ngudi ban minb, hoac dien nhflng
thdng tin ma minb dn tim qua hinh thflc bai tap information - gap,
form - filling v.v. Dac biet, Hon nfla, nhieu bai kiem tra, bai tap d nha,

NCKH deu
yeu
du sinh vien llm
bIng
hinh thflc viet. Cd the ndi theo
dinh nghla thi tat d nhflng kieu viet tren deu mang tinh sang tao.
Nhu vay ta cd the'
thly
trong gid day va hgc ngoai ngfl, cd the'
khuyen khich sinh vien viet
sing
tao, vfla de' hgc tap va cung cd ky
nang vie't, vfla de
phIt
trien dc ky nang THT
khic.
4.
Cac budc thuc hanh viet sang tao
Morrissey (9) cho
ring,
gid'ng nhu mgi boat ddng viet thdng
thudng, vie't
sing
tao cung phli
trii
qua nhflng budc don gian cd ten
ggi nhu: kbdi ddng (starting up), vie't (writing), the' hien va phan bdi
(presenting and feedback).
Cd the coi vie't
sing

tao la su ket hgp
linh
boat gifla hai phuong
phap vie't
sin
pham va viet quy trinh (Product writing vl Process
writing).
Tuy theo tflng
yeu
du cu the' cua bli tap, cua nhiem vu, hay
trinh do cua hgc vien ml gilo vien cd the chu ddng tim phuong phap
tie'p can phu hgp. Vi du vdi sinh
vidn
nam tbfl nhat, cd the' cung dp
cho hg dc dang bli
mlu,
dc vi du don gian de hg tap vie't theo. Tat
nhien gilo vien khdng nen
qui
chu trgng tdi khudn mlu va tinh
chinh xlc cua tflng the'
loai
bai viet. Ddi vdi dc sinh vien d trinh dd
cao ban (vi du sinh vien theo hgc mot
Idp
van hgc - literature
courses) cd the hudng
din
sau hon
yeu

du cua tflng the loai viet
(writing genres), dac diem van phong, ngdn ngfl, dc thanh phan cua
mot
tic
pham hoan chinh.
Dudi day chung tdi trinh
biy
mot sd budc co ban de tie'n hanh mot
loai boat ddng viet
sing
tao: dd la viet truyen
ngln.
1/
Yeu du:
Ngudi hgc llm theo
yeu
du cu the cua giao vien: de tai, dd dai,
thdi gian cua tflng nhiem vu (task) v.v
2/
Chon chu de.
358
- Ngudi hgc ehgn chu de, gidi ban chu de.
- Chuan bi nhflng thanh td co ban: bdi dnh, nhan vat, cd't
truyen.v v
3/
Ban nhap:
- Dinh vi trinh tu cd't truyen
- Bat dau viet, phat buy tri tudng tugng.
4/
Viet lai:

- Dgc
lai
ban
nblp
vdi tu duy phe
phIn
- Viet lai nhflng phan chua hgp ly
- Kiem tra, chfla
Idi tic
pham.
- Lay y kien cua "dgc gia" / Trao ddi bai viet vdi ngudi khac.
5.
Lfng
dung mot so hoat ddng viet sang tao cho sinh vien nam thU
nhat
5.1. Cung viet chuyen
- Md
tl:
hai hay nhieu ngudi hgc tham gia vao qua trinh
sing tic
mot cau chuyen hoan chinh. Mdi ngudi
dim
nhiem mot cau, mot doan
hay mot phan cd't truyen.
- Y nghla: ren luyen ky nang llm viec theo nhdm, chia se thdng
nhat y kien de duy tri tinh lien ket, maeh lac cua mot dang van
bin.
- Minb boa:
Task: Work in group of five. Each member takes turn to
contribute to a story beginning. "Last summer, I took a trip to

Mexico "
5.2.
SCfdung
truyen tranh
- Md ta: Tren nen tranh anh cua mot
cau
chuyen, bdi thoai cd
trudc,
ngudi vie't sang tao ra cd't truyen
Idi
thoai mdi theo y cua minb.
Cd the xlo trdn vi
tri
dc tranh ne'u dn thiet.
- Y nghla: bd trg ky nang ndi, ren luyen ky nang mieu ta, sir dung
tfl
ndi, V V
- Minb boa:
359
Task: Look at the follwing set of pictures. Great another version
of
the
dialogue. (Unit 37, Language-to-go)
5.3. Viet
mdrgng
(expanded writing)
- Md tl: Gilo vien cd the
yeu
du mdi nhdm sinh vien dgc mot
doan van mieu tl so luge mot dia diem, hoac mot cau chuyen vln

tit
do gilo vien cung cap
sin
hay do nhdm sinh vien
khIc
trong
Idp
tao
,ra.
Sau dd gilo vien
yeu
du sinh vien dua vao doan dd de'
phIt
trien
thanh mot bli viet hoan chinh
bIng
deb them tinh tfl, trang tfl, them
nhflng chi tie't, tinh tiet cho
cau
chuyen
- Y nghla: luyen deb dung tinh tfl, trang tfl theo dflng trat tu, deb
ket hgp tfl, ky nang
pbit
trien y, mieu tl, ke' chuyen, v.v.
- Minb boa:
Task: Add details to the following paragraph. (From Writing to
Composing, Unit 2 10)
5.4. Viet theo dinh hudng
- Md tl: Dua tren nhflng yeu td cho trudc nhu chu de, tfl vung, y
tudng hay cau true ngfl phap, ngudi viet

pbIt
buy tri tudng tugng cua
minb de
sing
tao mot cau chuyen, mot doan van
holn
chinb v v
- Y nghla: ren luyen ky nang viet theo dinh hudng va kha nang
khai
thic,
sfl dung ngdn ngfl, tri tudng tugng cua ngudi bgc.
- Minb boa:
Task: Base on the 4 situations below, create a writing (an
imaginary story, a future prediction, a letter to your
friend,
etc). You
can start at any situation.
1.
A:
Ok. You really need some
money,
quyckly.
What would you sell?
B:
Well, I would certainly sell the television, but I wouldn 't sell
the stereo. I like music too much.
2.
A:
You win a lot of money. Would you buy a really expensive car?
B:

No, I
wouldn't,
but I would buy a boat. I love sailing.
3.
A:
Ok, You can live in any country in the
world.
Where would
you move to?
360
B:
I would stay right here, with you.
4.
A:
You 've only know your boyfriend I girlfriend for two months
but you are very much in love. Would you marry himlher?
B:
No, I
wouldn't.
(Language-to-go, U30, Practice 6)
5.5. Lam
thatheo
chu de
- Md ta: Ngudi hgc dugc cung dp nhflng chu de cho trudc kem
bai tho mlu va dugc
yeu
du
sing tic
mot bli tho ngln theo the tu do.
- Y nghla: Tao hflng tbfl trong

qui
trinh bgc tap, ren luyen kha
nang dm thu va sang tao thi ca (d mfle co
bin).
- Minb boa: Bai "The world water decade"- Concepts & comments
Task: Write a short "water" - poem.
5.6. Hoan thanh cau
- Md tl: Hoat ddng nhdm, vdi mot ve
cau
cho trudc, ngudi hgc
dugc
yeu
cau hoan thanh va ket hgp vdi nhflng
cau
khac trong nhdm
de'
tao
thinh
mot bai tho/ doan viet cd nghla.
- Y nghla: ren luyen ngfl
phIp,
each
sfl dung tfl vflng.
- Task (Jenkins, 2001))
1/
Work in group of 5
2/
Within 5 minutes, each member of the group completes the
phrase 'When I think of summer ' using one sense of perception
(sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch)

e.g. When I think of summer, I see crowded beach
3/
Share the phrases within your group
4/
Edit and combine them into a possible poem in 2 minutes
(Don't care much about the rules of poetry)
5/
Present your final product in front of the class
When I think of summer, I see
When I think of summer, I smell
When I think of summer, I hear
361
When I think of summer, I taste
When I think of summer, I touch
5.7. Diverging poems
Task
(Maley
et
al,
1988)
- Work in group of 4 or 5
-
Choose
an abstract noun
- Write it vertically on a piece of paper (Each letter will mark the
beginning of a line)
W
H
I
S

P
E
R
- Within 10 minutes, produce a short poem based on the stimulus
word,
(see example)
Why do people in public places
Have to lower their voices?
/s
it because they fear
Someone might overhear?
Perhaps But why do they bother?
Every word they try to conceal
jReaehes
us loud and clear.
5.8. Viet mieu ta/viet tudng thuat
Hoat ddng nay gid'ng vdi hinh thflc vie't mieu ta, tudng thuat
thudng thay d de gilo trinh day viet co ban. Tuy nhien gilo vien cd
the khai
thIc
nhieu chu de khac ngoai sach hoac tfl ngudn tranh anh,
bio
chi
362
PHAN KET LUAN
Tren day la mot sd ngbien cflu nhd ve viet
sing
tao vl vai flng
dung cua nd trong viec day va hgc de ky nang THT cho sinh vien
nam tbfl nhat khoa Anh. Ngbien cflu cho tha'y

tim
quan trgng cua viet
sing
tao trong day vl hgc ngoai ngfl. Nd cung cho thly khi nao va flng
dung nhu the nao cua vie't
sing
tao vao viec day va hgc tie'ng. Hy vgng
ring
ngbien cflu
nly
it nhieu giflp ich cho dc gilo vien trong td cung
nhu nhflng gilo vien day dc mdn THT cua dc td
khIc
cung nhu dc
tieng khac. Do ban che ve thdi gian vl dieu kien ngbien cflu, ngbien
cflu nhd nly
chic chin
con so sai. Hy vgng
ring
dc
tic
gil se cd dieu
kien ngbien ciru sau ban va dat hieu qua ban trong tuong lai. CIc
tic
gil cung mong nhan dugc nhflng
Idi
gdp y chan thanh cua dgc gil vl
dc ddng nghiep de ngbien cflu dugc tdt ban.
Tai lieu tham khao
1.

Harris, J. (1993). Introducing writing. 1st ed., London Penguin
Group
2.
Joyce, H., & Feez, S. (2000). Creative writing skills. 1st ed.,
Aus:
Phoenix Education PTY Ltd.
3.
Maley, A., &
Duff,
A. (1988). Literature. 4tb ed., Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
4.
Raimes, A. (1983). Techniques in teaching
writing.lsi
ed.,
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5.
Tribble, C. (1996). Writing. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University
Press
Website:
www.onestopengUsb/tefl
skills/writing minisa ga.htm.
6. Avoy, J. M. (n.d.). Controlled narrative
writing,
retrieved Oct
23,
2004, from
www.onestopenglish.eom
7.
Clandfield,

L. (2004). Free
lesson
for speaking class
In
ELTIESL
retrieved Oct
23,
2004,
fromwww.onestopenglish.com
Website:
www.onestopenglish/tefl
skills/writing minisa ga.htm.
8. Jenkins, H. (2001). Starting to teach creative writing in the
363
English language
classroom,
retrieved Oct 23, 2004, from
www.teachingenglish.org.uk
Website:
teachingenglish.org.uk/download/booksnotes/creativeways.pdf.
9. Morrissey, F. A. (n.d.). Write on! creative writing as language
practice,
retrieved Oct
23,2004,
from
www.teachengUsb.org.uk
Website:
teachingenglish.org.uk/download/booksnotes/creativeways.pdf.
10.
Muroxa, M. C. (n.d.). Creative

writing:
writing a story.
retrieved Oct
23,
2004, from
www.onestopengUsh.com
364