theory of communication powerpoint chapter 2 language change : Variation, change, improvements

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
 !

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#
$%
I.
The regularity of sound change
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( 
'
 
II. Phonological change
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/,."0
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2$3%("45
Beowulf:
62"7  ",
'8
9:,7","",

 '
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/&=>><&!==0
#
/&!==<,0
,+5
""
?,""'

 
THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGE
Sound correspondence
-
( "@"'
-
ABAB 4,
C"  '
DABE<
DABE
THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGE
Sound correspondence
Words Modern English Middle English
# F"GF F"F
 FGF FF
 FGF FF
 FGHF FHF
=> SOUND SHIFT


2 I
J.
( 
ANCESTRAL PROTOLANGUAGES
The Romance languages
French
dialects of Latin
Spanish







The ancestral language from
which related languages have
developed
2%($$5
%< 
.
K ( 
<"
 "
FFF F
F F
F F
F F
FF
FF


f
f
K
P
P
( 
p
p
How to know the Germanic & Romance languages
have a common ancestor?

"4 
A example of a
regular sound
correspondence

There are many between the Germanic & Romance languages
-> hard to explain the prevalence of such regular sound
correspondence

"" ,

",L M,'

 <:" 
9: "'

 


 

"'

"'
$$$%
N,
( IMI, "
N,
"
N,
"'
•
FCF+.+ 
"+"#
'
•
ACB
•
3ACB
•
,+O, ,FCF
 O
4"FIF/I0'
+
4
 "
., "
$
" "FF

,FF
FF
4,+,'
I "F+F
FF
 F+F4,+,'
 4" "'
%.

14,+,/
4:P40
3.+,
,'
4+,.
+<+'
C
 

3J
•
6< 6
•
J6<6
.Q
Q
('
 ,
+
".
 I'

+ IM""
""R'
The great vowel shift

"@

., " .,
" "
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
ASB
ASB
AB
AB
AB
AB
#

#

A@B
A@B
A,B
A,B

AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
#

#

A"B
A"B
AB
AB
A4IB
A4IB
A"B
#
A"@B
A",B
AB
AB
A4IB
A4IB
A"B
#


Mice
Mouse
Geese
Goose
Break
Broke
name
Early middle English
shortening rule
•
("R.+, "" "
C" 
0
< 
40
(<
0
(<
0
"<"
0
(<