thiết kế, chế tạo nhiệt kế hiển thị LCD và một số ứng dụng sử dụng vi điều khiển AT89C51

 
 ! "
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
#$%&'()*+,   +$//, 
$- 0.121'304&+5#5&/61 57582#5
9:51&;<$/07-16=-15>51+$()30?@A05
B0=:C&+5#<0(&' 1/D&/
11.1E 15F5 57.&G006)=-15H
-B&/$+-5<$/050,:0;?
 =;:EH1DI2)&#-
/5J5B-,K0, " ;)LE-?
5('5MGLN&/95O ;CB-/PQJ&/B-
9R05J//*50,:C0;?-
=;' (S,FTH((<?U+05('9
5O&/0)M1V05<<F05#/?W6X9R0
*"$)0IY/51=MB-,&/2E(&?
&
Nguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Pham Đình Giáp
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- ` -
 
 ! "
NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIÁO VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
./-4?4Q0ab``
Z&GLN
@-\]-
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- a -
 
 ! "
NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIÁO VIÊN PHẢN BIỆN
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
./-4?4Q0ab``
Z&)2 
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- c -
 
 ! "
MỤC LỤC
^defgh????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`
@i@jkWlmZnoPp@qr@Z[s@???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????a
@i@jkWlmZnoPp@t@uv@??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????c
ewW^wW??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????x
Wqy@ZWyf^zh{????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|
`?ZG &#27&5#F?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????}
a?^>("FC27&5#F?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????}
c?)(27&5#F~•€|`•???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????_
c?`?W+92C~•€|`•?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????€
c?a?WDQY&5#F?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`b
c?c?W$ I2)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`c
c?c?`?W15755>‚?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`c
c?c?aW<0$ C•€|`?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`|
c?c?a?`@<0$ *"$M(6:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`}

c?c?a?a@<0$ $???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`_
c?c?a?c@<0$ -FLH$ ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????`•
c?c?a?x@<0$ -#5#F?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ab
x?W27215K&/*"$M,5$????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????a`
x?`8C07(6WLX0E??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????a`
x?aW27215K ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????a`
x?a?`6)021?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????a`
x?a?au7215KI'!(6?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????aa
x?a?a?` 0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????aa
x?a?a?a@-A' -F5Km[W????????????????????????????????????????????????????aa
x?a?a?cWI-F5Km[????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ac
x?a?a?xm[Wb•bx??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????a}
x?a?ce/;F$T????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????cb
x?a?c?`=&#^W[?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????cb
x?a?c?a?e,)YC^W[?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????cb
x?a?c?cZ"$ &/LH$ 51^W[&G0757\?????????????????????????????????????ca
x?a?c?xu)LH$ C^W[??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????cc
Wqy@Zƒ@on@{{u„o@v„?????????????????????????????????????????????c}
a?`?`11(I56??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????c_
a?`?`?`I56 6??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????c_
a?`?`?aWDQ6??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????c_
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- x -
 
 ! "
a?`?a@-$$/0& C6?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????c•
a?aI5-$M&/I;0E5 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????x`

a?a?`I5-$M???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????x`
a?a?a^5????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????xa
a?a?cWI;5 57DL…F>^W[??????????????????????????????????????????????xx
Wqy@ZW{†o.W‡@Z^ˆUn??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|`
c?`eE???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|`
c?a)30'1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|a
{^hi@??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|c
‰^vhmeto????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|x
CHƯƠNG I:CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- | -
 
 ! "
1. Giới thiệu chung về bộ vi điều khiển
u7&5#F&1A$/e‚!$$R$/0E07<
F$;5.LX5F5#FE57C07 6?R
$ C$;27&5#F1/5:.$H,.*"$M
,.5&/1/5<0Š07I+/5<?
12>5 &/5 "LYL…27&5#F5#FE57
CP.0-8.5 E.$‹&!24 6()*+'57.27&5#F
5("L…U2.LY--#'57?W 6/Œ,0•;&
‹C &5#F/=:?
2. Lịch sử phát triển của bộ vi điều khiển:
u7&5#F'$/07$E&*"$M27&*"$M<
?u7&5#F5FŽ27&*"$MŽHQ0_bL('
F&// &#, &5 "L'eo~eR$!o*LR!
R0L•.0D57C$ 2LN07/-

/?
    @Q0`€_`*+ 27&*"$Mx2$Ee`bbbL,-R*(
(0R(&Ž$/I0&Ž$//()*+?@;KF;27&*"$M
‚D07HDQB15F*"$MI;R07
;'.‹+)27…B127GLH$ .27G
I;.27-F5Km[?65#F.6F>.5#F0-.
65&/$>$/H$ V0Š2/56&/27&*"$M?
eJ51Q0`€_},-@•^~R$$R!•$R(•0G527&
5#F5I5B1G&G:•bx•?uE27*"$M
Y0•bx•‹D27GLH$ .27GI;.27510&/
K&/[$07?
W,-•$B$527&5#F•2I'
•bx•&/;/:&5#FeW!x•~e$$R!(-(R0!x••?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- } -
 
 ! "
1Q0`€•b,-@•^51 DC27&5#F5I
&G:•b|`?P/(5</$E&5#FX$E&G•b|`
5&/;/:&5#FeW!|`?
1-:&5#F•2eW!|`5J<51a|b/&&/B1
,-CJLN/5B1G&#1E?D5B$/,-@•^&/
+#,-me[.•e•@.^.[m^^m.o4
@/‹<,-•<H:&5#F
:}•WoW,-e$
:}aW,-Z!oeo@
:•W,-

:WW,-0
3. Khảo sát bộ vi điều khiển (8951)
W&5#F•b|`~•€|`•7:eW|`<585F0(
! x2-RUoe~5$;2Š/()*+‚<Š•€|`•
! `a•2-RUme
! x`b•2
! 275>`}2
! Z161
! }xu,27GI;0Š7
! }xu,27GLH$ 0Š7
! `27*"$M$$M~25I•
! a`b255>‚
! 27Y‘x’
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- _ -
 
 ! "
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- • -
 
 ! "
3.1. Cấu trúc bên trong của (8951)
;`?`I56~•€|`•
BC&5#F•b|`~•€|`•$/27&*"$MY0~WhWR$

R((h•20
! $m
! $…u.LX“Y&/“?
! I&>$:~m^hm0R^$h•
! ŽEI;~”0(”L•
! u62Q
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- € -
 
 ! "
! WTQ*1
! @/‹<27GI;.27)0J$ .275#F
&/$?
I&>*"$MY0'1*Ž27L57./‹<)
Q507 H>Ž2/?
WI;5E-<FLŽ$E0765#FAŠ2
?WA<F$/216Š2/.('/275105>
8•<F$/L 61?
275>`}2E570727510?
WK~b.`.a.c•("L…&/0…55#F?
fKc<05LN5#FLX5F5K&G0727G2
/.85F5B6L 61.•5ALN2/?
ZL 61<D0727-#&/0727,527$/0
& 57$&G?657-#=K61<F58&)-7&/
5+5>2V07275>?
&5#F•b|`~•€|`•</B=:5<$/27G
&/

! u7G0<27GUmeLX5F$HLH$ &/0J$ ?
! W("L…5F$H,=;*"$M?Wh
$/0& <$/0-5K7LC?
3.2. Chức năng các chân vi điều khiển.
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `b -
 
 ! "
;`?aWDQYC&5#F
Port0:^/<aDQŠYŽca51c€11OT
~,LX27G0Š7•<DQ5o?6&G
11O$G~&G27G0Š7•<51H2(?
Port1:^/07‘oY`!•?WY5M `?b.`?`.`?a???
<FLX12>/1B?`,<DQ.&;&-
9‚5LX1&G12>/?
Port2:^/07,L…“Ya`!a•5LX5
*+8$/2-RC2(5>‚56&G11LX27G0Š
7?
Port3:$/07,L…“Y`b!`_?WYC/-<
#DQ.,L…-F5K<$ &G58582 C
•€|`Š2)(
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `` -
 

 ! "
u  WDQ-F5K
c?b Uj[ [H$ 61
c?` j[ [H$ 61
c?a @o @Ab2/
c?c @` @A`2/
c?x o @•&/C0R‘WRb
c?| ` @•&/C0R‘WR`
c?} ”U j27GLH$ /
c?_ U[ j5:27GLH$ /
u)`?`WDQCYc
PSEN (Program Store Enable):•€|`<x 5#F•@$/ 
Ya€?@<$/ 5#F5F“27GI;0Š7&/
5651Yo•~o•2$R•C07•Uoe5F“5:
2-R0J$ ?
•@(SŠ0D+$+-$ ?W0J>YCI;
55:Ž•Uoe=2(&/56&/$ C•€|`5F)0J
$ ?/I;Uoe7•@(SŠ0D…57~0D
•?
ALE (Address Latch Enable):
 m^•YcbI&G12>$/0& &G*"$M
•|•|.•b••.•b•}.•b|`LXm^•07I'$/0& )
2(5>‚&/LH$ b5'LX157-F5KC<&Ž
$/2(LH$ &Ž$/2(+C5>‚.m^•$/ 5F65>‚&/07
2/"5BC–27G?5<5bLX
5F*+8LH$F"(–C27G?
W* m^•<6572V`‘}$BB(6L57&/<
F5LX$/*> 6?@1*•b|`~•€|`•$/
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông

Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `a -
 
 ! "
`ae—;m^•<B(6ae—?W‚EŽ/$ eoPj.07
*m^•(S2>0+?WY/-•5$/0•&/*$;
•Uoe•b|`~•€|`•?
EA (External Access):
 &/•mYc`50A$0D~˜|P•80D
+~Z@[•?@1Š0D.•b|`~•€|`•/I;ŽUoe7
)5>‚+~x•?@1Š0D+.I;5/Ž27G
0Š7?@1•m560D+27G2I;•b|`~•€|`•(S
2>+0&/I;/Ž•Uoe0Š7?@‹LXY•m
$/0Y+5 a`P$;•Uoe•b|`~•€|`•?
SRT (Reset):
@•&/UY€$/•UR(RC•b|`~•€|`•? /-5
5$0D~+a–0-•.•€|`5')
H>5FŠ57 6?
Các ngõ vào bộ dao động trên chip:
•b|`~•€|`•<0727L57?@<56&GE
HY`•&/`€?W…H•B1?B(6E,
$/`ae—?
Các chân nguồn:
•b|`~•€|`•&/&G5I˜|P?PWW56&/Yxb&/P
~Z@[•56&/Yab?
3.3. Các tập lệnh cơ bản
3.3.1. Các chế độ đánh địa chỉ:
$ <•15755>‚
• Thanh ghi địa chỉ:

•€|`<x2.0™2<•5(6ŽUb51U_?E
0™5F0‚<0725'?e6:2
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `c -
 
 ! "
/‚B2>Y&/U~”?x•&/Ub~”?c•
EI;~”•?
>‚
@/.07(6582 $.TLH$ ???•
5*5>$ ,B25>‚?$ /-
$5*5>$/Œm•.TLH$ $/Œ[U•.510
I;$/ŒW•.G$/ŒW•.8$u$/Œmu•?
• Địa chỉ trực tiếp
157/ 2•€|`555>‚'12V
•25>‚V02-RDC0J$ ?;L>“:
DQ582 ~<5>‚'1Ž•b51šš•?PL…b
b.eo[1570R4
• Địa chỉ gián tiếp.
Ub&/U`5LX5FD5>‚,G0/$ 5751?@=-
GLXL+›GUb8U`?
• Địa chỉ tức thời:
@LXœGED?WE5<<F$/07
V(6.07M(6-072FD:4;L>(S'57
&/-1LH$ '1&/0J$ ?
• Địa chỉ tương đối:
>‚I565LX$ ) •€|`LX>•2<L+

5F70&/510I;~W•?B0)-C$ /-
)Ž!`a•51`a_,G?G7.W(SQ515>‚
R($ )-5>‚••(RB15F)-515>‚-B?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `x -
 
 ! "
@&-5>‚0G$/5>‚I56(&G$ 11D,)$/2)
Y$ )-?^ /-<$=51J55>%G?
• Địa chỉ tuyệt đối:
>‚- 56‚LX$ mWm^^&/že?W$ a2-R/-
LX5FS&/07a2-RC27GI;2V+``
25>‚+~mb!m`b•5F*5>5>‚50J?W‹|2C5>
‚5~m``!m`|•$/|2 /510I;?P;&-
5>‚C$ R($ S&/5>‚5C$ S&/5>‚
5C$ SB)X0Ja2-R~<X|25>‚•?
• Địa chỉ dài:
>‚L/‚LX$ ^Wm^^&/^že?W$ /-10c2-R&/
LXa2-R(~2-Ra&/2-Rc•5F5>5>‚5C$ ~`}2•?q5F0
C$ /-<F("L…/27&XG}x2-R?-.$ /-
10#2-R&/…7&/&>&XG?
• Địa chỉ tham chiếu:
>‚01LX07I2)~8510I;
W8TLH$ [U•&/5>‚••(R~$
m•5FE5>‚557$ že8eoPW?W2))-&/
2);010L\L/5E5F("L…5>‚01?
3.3.2 Các nhóm lệnh của 8951.

$ C•€|`5/|<0
!6:
!^$M
!W-FLH$ 
!W-F5#F?
W11$$ 
• UUb51U_C25:?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `| -
 
 ! "
• [•25>‚&XLH$ 2?@<<F$/&XUmeLH$ 
~b!`a_•8DQ582 ?
• ›U•2&XUmeLH$ ~b!`a|•555>‚
1=Ub8U`?
• œLV•2DY$ ?
• œL`}V`}2DY$ ?
• mLL`}`}25>‚55LX$ ^Wm^^&/^že?
• mLL````25>‚55LX$ ^Wm^^&/mže?
• UR$u-R••(R•2<L+5LX$ že&/H$ 
)-<5# ?
• uu55>5>‚'1UmeLH$ 78
DQ582 ?
3.3.2.1 Nhóm lệnh xử lý số học:
m[[m.U~`2-R.`–0-•W77LU&/m?
m[[m.L~a.`•W7'1`2-R&/m?
m[[m.›U~`.`•W717LUmeDE5>‚5

2U&/m?
m[[m.œL~a.`•W7LH$ D&/m?
m[[m.U~`.`•W7&/G&/m?
m[[m.L~a.`•W7'12-RLH$ &/G&/m?
m[[Wm.›U~`.`•W717LUme&/‹G&/m?
m[[Wm.œL~a.`•W7LH$ D&/G&/m?
huum.U~`.`•Ž7Lm7LU&/
G?
huum.L~a.`•Ž'1m07(6&/G?
huum.›U~`.`•Ž1m07(6&/G?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `} -
 
 ! "
huum.œL~a.`•Ž7Lm07(6D&/G?
@Wm~`.`•Q7Lm$`?
@WU~`.`•Q7LU$`?
@WL~a.`•QLH$ '1$`?
@W›U~`?`•Q17L&XUme$`?
[•Wm~`.`•Z)07Lm*6`?
[•WU~`.`•Z)07LU*6`?
[•WL~a.`•Z)0LH$ '1*6`?
[•W›U~`.`•Z)017L&XUme*6`?
@W[U~`.a•Q7LTLH$ $`?
eh^mu~`.x•@Y7Lm&G7Lu?
[Pmu~`.x•W7Lm7Lu?
[mm~`.`• ‚Ym?

3.3.2.2 Nhóm lệnh logic
m@^m.U~`.`•m@[7Lm&G7LU?
m@^m.L~a.`•m@[7Lm&GLH$ '1?
m@^m.›U~`.`•m@[7Lm&GLH$ 1
Ume
m@^m.œL~a.`•m@[7L&GLH$ D?
m@^L.m~a.`•m@[07LH$ '1&Gm?
m@^L.œL~c.a•m@[07LH$ '1&Gm07LH$ D?
m@^W.2~a.a•m@[G&G`2'1?
m@^W.‘2~a.a•m@[G&G2X`2'1?
oU^m.U~`.`•oUm&GU?
oU^m.L~a.`•oUm&G07LH$ '1?
oU^m.›U~`.`•oUm&G07LH$ 1?
oU^m.œL~a.`•oUm&G07LH$ D?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `_ -
 
 ! "
oU^L.m~a.`•oU07LH$ '1&Gm?
oU^L.œL~c.`•oU07LH$ '1&G07LH$ D?
oU^W.2~a.a•oUG&G072'1?
oU^W.‘2~a.a•oUG&G2XC072'1?
jU^m.U~`.`•joUm&GU?
jU^m.L~a.`•joUm&G07LH$ '1?
jU^m.›U~`.`•joUm&G07LH$ 1?
jU^m.œL~a.`•joUm&G07LH$ D?
jU^L.m~a.`•joU07LH$ '1&Gm?

jU^L.œL~c.`•joU07LH$ '1&G07LH$ D?
•uW~`.`•8G?
•u2~a.`•8`2'1?
W^Um~`.`•jm?
W^UW~`.`•jG?
W^m~`.`•uX7Lm?
W^W~`.`•uXG?
W^2~a.`•uX072'1?
U^m~`.`•[>7Lm?
U^Wm~`.`•[>7Lm=G?
UUm ~`.`•[>)7Lm?
UUWm~`.`•]-)7Lm=G
”m~`.`•[>7Lm`22$R~`‘a2-R•?
3.3.2.3 Nhóm lệnh chuyển dữ liệu?
eoPm.U~`.`•W-F7LU&/m?
eoPm.L~a.a•W-FLH$ '1&/m?
eoPm.›U~`.`•W-FLH$ 1&/m?
eoPm.œL~a.`•W-FLH$ D&/m?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `• -
 
 ! "
eoPU.L~a.a•W-FLH$ '1&/U?
eoPU.œL~a.`•W-FLH$ D&/U?
eoPL.m~a.`•W-F7Lm&/07LH$ '1?
eoPL.U~a.a•W-F7LU&/07LH$ '1?
eoPL.L~c.a•W-F07LH$ '1&/07LH$ '1?

eoPL.›U~a.a•W-F07LH$ 1&/07LH$ 1
eoPL.œL~c.a•W-F07LH$ D&/07LH$ '1?
eoP›U.m~`.`•W-F7Lm&/07LH$ 1?
eoP›U.L~a.a•W-F07LH$ '1&/07LH$ 1?
eoP›U.œL~a.`•W-FLH$ D&/LH$ 1?
eoP[U.œL`}~c.a•W-F07V`}2&/TLH$ ?
eoPW.2~a.`•W-F072'1&/G
eoP2.W~a.a•W-FG&/072'1?
eoPm.›m˜[U~`.a•W-F2-R27GI;<5>‚$/
›m˜[U&/m?
eoPWm.›m˜W~`.a•W-F2-R27GI;<5>‚$/
›m˜W&/m?
eoPm.›U~`.a•W-FLH$ /~•25>‚•&/m?
eoPjm.›[U~`.a•W-FLH$ /~`}25>‚&/m•?
eoPj›U.m~`.a•W-F7LmLH$ /~•25>‚•?
eoPj›[U.m~`.a•W-F7LmLH$ /~`}25>‚•?
hL~a.a•W-FLH$ '1&/Q*1&/Q?
oL~a.a•W-FLH$ '1&/Q*1&/)0?
jWm.U~`.`•5KLH$ HU&/m?
jWm.L~a.`•5KHm&/07LH$ '1?
jWm.›U~`.`•5KHm&/07LH$1?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- `€ -
 
 ! "
jW[m.›U~`.`•5KH^@Cm&/^@CLH$ 
1?

3.3.2.4 Nhóm lệnh chuyền điều khiển:
mWm^^LL``~a.a•Z:I;LX5>‚- 56?
^mWm^^LL`}~c.a•Z:I;LX5>‚L/?
U•~`.a•Š&#Ž$ :I;?
U•~`.a•Š&#Ž$ :A?
mžeLL``~a.a•@)-- 56
^žeLL`}~c.a•@)-L/
žeR$~a.a•@)-A
že›m˜[U~`.a•@)-1ŽTLH$ ?
žŸR$~a.a•@)-1m b
ž@ŸR$~a.a•@)-1m¡b?
žWR$~a.a•@)-1G558?
ž@WR$~a.a•@)-1G,558?
žu2.R$~c.a•@)-I5612'1558?
ž@u2.R$~c.a•@)-I5612'1,558?
žuW2.R$~c.a•@)-I5612'1558.*2
Wž@•m.L.R$~c.a•(LH$ '1&Gm&/)-1,2V?
Wž@•m.œL.R$~c.a•(LH$ D&Gm&/)-1,2V?
Wž@•U.œL.R$~c.a•(LH$ D&G7LU&/
)-1,2V?
Wž@•›U.œL.R$~c.a•(LH$ D&GLH$ 1&/)-
1,2V?
[ž@ŸU.R$~a.a•Z)0U&/)-1,2V?
[ž@ŸL.R$~c.a•Z)0LH$ '1&/)-1,2V
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- ab -
 

 ! "
4. Các bộ biến đổi và xử lý thông tin đo lường
4.1 Đặc tính của một số IC dùng trong mạch:
˜^ec|
@•$/5 ?
7E-`b0&‘`
b
W
(6'5E`.|
b
W 57$GI`bb
b
W?
E0&("L…b
b
W ¢`bb
b
˜^ec|•
Z0<a15E 
WD`Ya.c&/.Y`
WDaY|.}&/.Y_?
˜m[Wb•bx
m[Wb•bx$/0727-F5KI'(6?Z0<abY?
[ub![u_$/•YLH$ ?
U[$6&/5:
”U$6&/?
@U$6A?
W^U‘W^@$6&/5#F*>?
P@$6&/$LI?
4.2 Các bộ biến đổi tín hiệu

4.2.1 Khối cảm biến
;`?cI5-$C27-F5KL‹£
Y-$/0E15E5) !`
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- a` -
 
 ! "
h

 ?h
P
 !h
P
h
m
QŽ`¤|P ¢h
`
QŽ!x.|¤!b.|P
4.2.2 Bộ biến đổi tương tự - số
4.2.2.1 Khái niệm chung:
@/--& -#5E •=;5#F&/‚>B$G
5' RI(6?5< '$E<LEI'
 57.(+.57(.657=  Y04F16H
 I'&G 6*"$M(6LX0E-F5K
I'((6~m[Wm$[$W&RR•V0215K I'((6
8$EB215K (6(I';LX0E
[mW?e7m[W5("L…7J$/m[Wb•bx?

4.2.2.2 Nguyên tắc thực hiện chuyển đổi ADC.
eE-F5K I'((6.-F07 •&)I
'~L‹5 -5 •/LE0J(6>Y<>ID?
 W-F5Km[W<+#I?-0™I<
H,(6I2)
˜7*C-F5Km[?
˜657-F5K?
˜[)215KC I'•&/?
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- aa -
˜
00L
P
m
P¥
m
W0
W$
h
UR(R
[‘m
&RR
$
[$
 
 ! "
;`?xI56K=C0Em[W

 E57
! B*5F27m[WE57?
!E07B(65*5>2V*W$275#F$/0-5K
/(6>Y5$H~UR(R•?6>Y
5-F/LE5 P¥

2V27-F5K[m?
!u7((.((P¥

&G5 •&/P

?@1P¥

¦P

;•C
27((&NH0D?P¥

¢P

•C27((*60D+&/
=;-5K(6CŽ?^9/-P¥

B2VP

.H(6
$/H(6B-F5K?
4.2.2.3 Các phương pháp chuyển đổi AD.
a. Phương pháp tích phân (Intergration method).
IY+90E5 5I)657-F5K0

;`?|I5-$MI2)0E-F5Km[LXIY
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- ac -
 
 ! "
 E57
<*0E5105&#ER(R?eE$5#F
Š&>`.5 I'P

5E&/…5 W&GV
`
 
•C0EY)0LB.&/51TIbP;•C27
(($0D`.L5<0E$5#F0ŠK*$&/0E
510?)
`
0E510/.0E$5#FŠ&>
b.5<5 Y0P
R•
55&/•C0EY.…5 W*)5 
&G657,5K.()
a
 •C0EY
QLB.L5<•C0E((*60D+$/00E$5#
F5<K&/219-F5K?(,)*)5 
a
0E510&N1…5101=)C0E510•$/ (6B

-F5KID&G5 I'•&/P

?
e6= H5 •&/P

&/5 3P
R•
&G
`
.
a



`
a

‘•

0E510Žb51/?

a
 @‘•

0E510Ž/511=)(X?
uFD/-,…7&/V(6UW•(6*$~1
0E$/0& K5>•?
@5F0C0E/-$/-F5K0.Ha

–*

$$B$+-Y
`
&/@–$B$+-Y

a
?-F5K$G+
`
 
a
?
-F5K 
`
˜
a
?
b. Phương pháp song song.
eEm[WLX-A-F5K((-‹:$/I
m[W.<+90E5 DE657-F5K+
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- ax -

a

`
?P

‘P

R•
 
 ! "
;`?}I560E-F5Km[XI((
 E57
eE206((((&/0E0J? I'
5&/0E((X07$9.EC0E((5
5&/•$•$[5F551270J.5BC0E0J$/5BC
0Em[W?
eE((&/0E0J$/$E0E<657*"$M+K
\‚&/…(.&-('-F5K*)-+?-&G
0Em[WŠc2;<5‹T2)-27((Š}2;B51}c27
((.5<$/5F0C0Em[WLXI((?
u)Y$MC0E-F5K
 &/ @•27((  (6•
P

‘P
^u

_

}

|

x

c


a

`
[
`
[
a
[
c
b b b b b b b b b b b
` b b b b b b ` b b `
a b b b b b ` ` b ` b
c b b b b ` ` ` b ` `
x b b b ` ` ` ` ` b b
ZP[@-\]- ^G_?`
PNguyn Văn Đông
Trần Quang Đức
Phạm Đình Giáp
- a| -