Tạo dựng ảnh hiển vi với tốc độ phân giải siêu cao phục vụ cho các ứng dụng khoa học

DAI
HQC QUOC
GIA
HA NOI
Tao dirng anh hien vi
vol
do phan giai sieu cao phuc vu cho
cac
u*ng
dung khoa hoc
Ma so: QC.09.07
Chu nhiem de tai: Le Vu Ha
DAI HOr OLIOC
C^IA
HA NOI
TRUNG 1AM
\HON^
ilN IHU
VIEN
000600000"^^
HaN6i-2010
MUC LUC
• •
1.
Bang giai thich cac
chu*
viet tat
3
2.
Danh sach nhirng
ngvoi

tham gia thyc hien de tai 3
3.
Danh muc cac bang so
li^u
3
4.
Danh myc cac hinh ve 3
5. Tom
tdt cdc
ket qua nghien
cmi
chinh cua de tai 5
6. BAO CAO
T6NG
K£T
5
6.1.
Dat van de 5
6.2. Tong quan cac van de nghien
cihi
7
6.3.
Muc tieu va Not dung Nghien
cihi
8
6.3.
L
Xay dung thuat toan tao dung anh
SRtii
cac anh LR 8

6.3.2. Ket qua thuc nghiem va ket luan 15
Ket qua so sanh cac
phuong
phap
n^i
suy
duo'c
the hien trong cac bang sau day, cac
gia tri trong bang la PSNR
ciia
anh HR
duac
tai tao lai tu cac anh LR mo phong, so
vol anh HR ban dau 19
Chung ta co the thay rang trong hau het cac
tnrong hpp phuong
phap
KRI
deu cho
ket qua tot nhat 20
6.4. Thoi gian, dia diem va
phuong
phap nghien
ciru
20
6.5. Ket qua nghien cuu 20
6.5.1.
Cac cong bo lien quan den ket qua cua de tai 20
6.5.2. Ket qua dao tao cua De tai 20
6.5.3.

Ket qua ung dung cua De tai 21
6.6. Thao luan 21
6.7.
Ket
luan va kien nghj 21
6.8. Tai lieu tham khao 21
7. PHU LUC (cac giay
t^
gui kem) 23
1.
Bang giai thich cac chu viet tat
SR (Super Resolution)
HR (High Resolution)
LR (Low Resolution)
PSF (Point Spread Function)
CCD (Charge Coupled Device)
MAP (Maximum A Posteriori)
MSE (Mean Squared
Error)
Do phan giai sieu cao
Do phan giai cao
Do phan giai thap
Ham nhoe (ham truyen dat cua thiet bi tao anh)
Thi^t
bi tich dien kep (kilu cam bien dung
trong thiet bi chup anh so)
Hau nghiem
cue
dai (tieu chuan
diing

trong
tinh
toan toi
uu/uac
luong)
Sai so binh
phuomg
trung binh
2.
Danh sach nhung nguoi tham gia
thyc
hien de tai
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ho va ten
LeVuHa
Nguyen Thang Long
Nguyen Hong Thinh
Tran Hoang Tung
Nguyen Viet
DQng
Nguyen Thuy Hoang Phong
Hoc vj
Tien sT
Tien

sT
Thac
sT
Thac
sT
Cunhan
Cunhan
Caquan
cong tac
Bo mon Xu ly thong tin
Bp mon Vi co dien tu
va Vi he thong
Bp
mon Xu ly thong tin
Bp mon Xu ly thong tin
Bp mon Xu ly thong tin
Bp mon Xu ly thong tin
Nhiem vu
Chu nhiem de tai
Thanh vien
Thanh vien
Thanh vien
Thanh vien
Thanh vien
3.
Danh muc cac bang so lieu
Bang 1:
PSNR ciia
cac anh HR tai tao tu chuoi
anh

Lena 19
Bang 2: PSNR cua cac anh HR tai tao
tir
chuoi anh Vase 19
Bang 3: PSNR cua cac anh HR tai tao tir chuoi anh Apaca 20
4.
Danh muc cac
hinh
ve
Hinh 1: Mo hinh qua trinh tao anh 8
Hinh 2: Lien he giua anh dp phan giai cao va cac anh dp phan giai thap 9
Hinh 3: Vi du ve lay mau tren tin hieu 9
Hinh 4: Qua trinh tao dung anh SR tir tap anh LR 10
Hinh 5: Trai: mpt anh LR trong chuoi anh Apaca, Phai: anh SR (dp phan giai tang 5x5
l^in).
15
Hinh 6: Trai: mpt anh LR trong chuoi anh Emily. Phai: anh SR (dp phan giai tang 5x5
1^).
15
Hinh
7: Trai: mpt anh LR trong chuoi anh Text. Phai: anh SR (dp phan giai tang 5x5
ikn).
Hmh 8: Trai: mpt anh LR trong chuoi anh Vase. Phai: anh SR (dp phan giai tang 5x5
\kn).
•;
1
Hinh 9: Trai: mpt anh LR trong chuoi anh Lena. Phai: anh SR (dp phan giai tang 5x5
l4n).
16
16

17
Hinh 10: Hai anh trong mpt
chu6i
anh chup bang thiet bi hien vi 17
Hinh
11:
Cac anh SR hien vi duac tao dung tir chudi anh LR 18
5.
Tom tat cac ket qua nghien cuu chinh
ciia
de tai
Ket qua ve khoa hgc (nhung dong gop cua de tai, cac cong trinh khoa hpc da cong bo)
De tai da dat duac nhung ket qua chinh ve khoa hoc sau day:
• Nghien cuu cac phuang phap tao anh voi dp phan giai sieu cao tir nhieu anh a dp
phan giai binh thuong, ap dung cho anh hien vi quang hpc.
• Nghien cuu so sanh cac phuang phap noi suy khac nhau su dung trong qua trinh tao
dung anh sieu phan giai.
• Danh gia dp chinh xac
ciia
cac phucmg phap tao dung anh
dugc
ap dung.
Mot phan trong cac ket qua tren da duac cong bo trong bao cao khoa hoc sau day:
Hong-Thinh Nguyen, Viet-Dung Nguyen, Ha Vu Le, "Super-Resolution Image
Construction from High-Speed Camera Sequences", Proceedings of the
International Conference on Advanced Technologies for
Communications.,
Ho Chi
Mmh City, October 2010.
Ket

qua
phuc vu thuc te (cac san pham cong nghe, kha nang ap dung thuc te)
• Chuang
trinh
cai dat tren Matlab ap dung
dk
tao anh dp phan giai cao tir chudi cac
anh dp phan giai thap hoac video dp phan giai thap.
Ket qud dao tao (so
lupmg
sinh vien, so
lugng
hpc vien cao hpc, nghien cuu sinh tham gia
thuc hien lam viec trong de tai, so khoa luan, luan van da hoan thanh va bao ve)
• 02 sinh vien dai hpc va 02 hpc vien cao hpc da tham gia lam viec va nghien cuu
trong khuon
kh6 dk
tai.
• 01 khoa luan tot nghiep dai hpc va 01 luan van cao hpc theo huong cua de tai da bao
ve thanh cong.
• 01 cong trinh NCKH cua sinh vien tham gia de tai dat giai nhat
c4p
truang va giai
khuyen khich cap Bp GD-DT.
Ket qud nang cao tiem
lire
khoa
hpc
(nang cao trinh dp can bp va trang thiet bi hgc
phhn

mem da xay dung dugc giao nop dua vao su dung tai don vi)
• De tai da gop phan phat trien mot bp thu vien phan mem xir ly anh hieu qua cho
phep tiep tuc dugc khai thac tiep cho phuc vu nghien cuu va dao tao.
• De tai da tang cuang kien thuc cho cac can bp cua bp mon ve xu ly tin hieu, xu ly
anh va video.
6. BAO CAO
TONG
KET
6.1.
Dat van de
Dp phan giai
ciia
hinh anh la mpt chi tieu chat lugng quan trpng
ciia
cac thilt bi chup anh
so,
dugc do bang mot dai lugng ty le nghich voi kich thuac moi diem anh tren be mat cua
cam bien hinh anh dimg trong thiet bi chup anh so. Voi viec cac thiet bi hiln thi hinh anh
(TV, may in, man hinh may tinh ) co dp phan giai ngay cang cao, dp phan giai cua cac
5
thilt bi chup anh ciing
c^
phai dugc nang cao mpt
each
tuong irng de tan dung dugc nang
luc ma cac cong nghe hiln thi hinh anh mang lai. Tuy nhien, neu luon thay the cac thiet bi
chup anh dang dugc su dung rit rpng rai trong rat nhieu
Imh
vuc, tir cac
lihh

vuc khoa hpc
—
cong nghe cho toi cac
Imh
vuc giai tri, bang cac thiet bi co dp phan giai cao han thi su
lang
phi se rat
Ion
vi loai thiet bi nay co gia thanh rat cao, nhat la vai cac thiet bi chup anh
chuyen dung su dung trong cong nghiep ciing nhu trong nghien cuu khoa hpc. Do do, ton
tai mpt nhu cau thuc te cho cac cong cu xu ly anh cho phep tao dung nhung buc anh co chat
lugng tuang
ducmg
san pham cua cac thiet bi chup anh co dp phan giai cao tir anh dugc
chup bdi cac thiet bi co dp phan giai thap han.
Tao anh sieu phan giai tir cac anh co dp phan giai thap la van de da dugc nghien cuu tir
nhieu nam va van tiep tuc la chu de co tinh thai
sir
trong cong dong xir ly anh. Thuat ngu
"sieu phan giai" dugc hieu vai nghia dp phan giai cua anh dugc tao ra cao han dp phan giai
thuc cua thiet bi chup anh. Hang tram phuang phap tao anh sieu phan giai da dugc de xuat,
voi hang chuc phuang phap da tra thanh kinh dien
(Ur&Gross,
1992; Tekalp et al, 1992;
Komatsu et al, 1993; Hardie et al, 1998; Baker&Kanade, 1999;
Elad&Feuer ,
1999;
Nguyen&Milanfar, 2000;
Altunbasak&Patti ,
2000; Joshi&Chaudhuri, 2002;

Protter
et al,
2009, ).
Rieng trong nam 2010 so lugng bai bao lien quan tai van de nay cong bo tren hai
tap chi
CO
uy tin nhat trong
Imh
vuc
xur
ly anh la IEEE
TPAMI
va IEEE TIP cung rat nhieu
(Yang et al, 2010; Robinson et al, 2010;
Gajjar&Joshi,
2010; Kim&Kwon, 2010; Xiong et
al,
2010; Belekos et al,
2010;
Yuan et al,
2010;
van Eekeren et al,
2010;
Mallat&Yu,
2010),
The nhung trong thuc te cac ky thuat tao anh sieu phan giai, nhat la cac phuang phap tir
nhieu anh, van rat it dugc ung dung. Ly do chinh la boi vi cac phuang phap da dugc de
xuat mac du co ca sa ly thuyet virng chac va cac ket qua thuc nghiem tot van that bai khi
ung dung trong dieu kien thuc, Mpt so nguyen nhan sau day co
thi

ly giai dieu do:
• Phan
Idn
cac phuang phap tao anh sieu phan giai tir nhilu anh doi hoi phai xac dinh
dugc cac dich chuyen xay ra giua cac anh vdi dp chinh xac cao (muc dudi diem
—
subpixel),
dd la van de rat kho khi cac chuyin dpng
xudt
hien trong chu§i anh
rdt
phuc tap hoac khi anh bi nhieu.
• Trong dieu kien thirc cac anh thu dugc tir video camera co dp phan giai
thdp
thudng
bi nhoe do nhieu ly do ket hgp nhu do camera co tieu cu co dinh, do anh hudng cua
rung dpng trong moi trudng, va do chuyen dpng cua cac doi tugng nen
g^
nhu
khong
thi
xac dinh chinh xac ham nhoe cua qua trinh chup anh, trong khi hiu
hit
cac phuang phap tao anh da phan giai bo qua anh hudng cua anh nhoe hoac gia thilt
ham nhoe
ciia
he thong cd the xac dinh duac.
Muc tieu cua chiing toi trong de tai nay khong phai la de xuat mpt phuang phap tao anh da
phan giai mdi ma la tim mpt
linh

vuc ung dung trong thuc tl d do cac phuang phap da cd
cd
thi
thuc su phat huy tac dung. Vdi muc tieu nhu vay, chiing toi da chpn nghien cuu kha
nang ung dung ky thuat tao anh sieu phan giai tir nhieu anh cho anh hiln vi quang hpc
(optical microscopic images) vi nhirng ly do sau day:
• Mac du cac thiet bi hien vi quang hpc thudng co dp phong dai rat
Idn
va
six
dung cac
thilt bi chup anh cd dp phan giai cao, nhu cau co dugc hinh anh vdi dp phan giai cao
hon
niia
luon luon dugc mong muon, nhat la trong cac
Itnh
vuc nghien cuu ve cac
cau tnic cd kich co d muc nano.
• Hinh anh chup bang thiet bi hien vi quang hpc thudng cd chat lugng rat cao do dieu
kien chup anh thudng dugc kiem scat tot: dilu kien chieu sang tot, it nhieu, it nhoe.
Trong trudng hgp can thiet viec do dac ham nhoe
ciia
qua trinh chup anh
ciing
cd the
thuc hien dugc kha dl dang.
• Viec tao ra chuoi anh vdi cac dich chuyen nho giiia cac anh co the dugc kiem soat de
dich chuyen giira cac anh nay kha don gian va de dang tinh toan/do dac dugc vdi dp
chinh xac cao.
Ky thuat tao anh sieu phan giai neu ap dung thanh cong cho cac anh hien vi se la mpt cong

cu
hiru
dung phuc vu cho cac phong ihi nghiem nghien cuu va phan tich trong cac
lihh
vuc
nhu vat lieu, y-sinh hpc va y te.
6.2. Tong quan cac van de nghien cuu
Cd the chia cac phucmg phap tao anh sieu phan giai thanh hai nhdm: cac phuang phap thuc
hien tir duy nhat mot anh, thudng gpi la noi suy anh, va cac phuang phap thuc hien tir nhieu
anh.
U'u
diem
ciia
cac phuang phap noi suy anh la chiing cd dp phuc tap tinh toan thap hon
so vdi cac phuong phap thuc hien tir nhieu anh. Tuy nhien, nhieu chi tiet bi mat tren anh cd
dp phan giai thap do hien tugng aliasmg se khdng the khdi phuc lai dugc neu chi sir dung
mpt anh, hoac ngugc lai, cac phuang phap npi suy hay tao ra cac chi tiet khong cd thuc
(artifacts), vi vay kho cd
thi
tao anh sieu phan giai vdi dp chinh xac cao bang cac phucmg
phap npi suy don thuin. Trong khi do, anh hiln vi sir dung trong nghien cuu hay phan tich
can phai cd dp chinh xac cao vi chiing dugc diing khong chi de quan sat ma con cho cac
phep do dac kich thudc cac cau tnic. Do dd, cac phuang phap tao anh sieu phan giai tir
nhieu anh se
phii
hgp hon khi ap dung cho anh hiln vi vi cac phuang phap nay su dung
dugc nhieu thong tin chi tiet hon tap hgp tu nhieu anh de tong hgp thanh buc anh cd dp
phan giai
cao.
Qua trinh tao anh sieu phan giai tir nhieu anh thudng bao gom cac budc nhu sau:

1.
Uac lugng
sir
dich chuyen giua cac anh nham muc dich
bii
cac dich chuyin dd dl
dang ky cac anh dau vao (gpi la cac anh co dp phan giai thap - LR) len mpt
ludi
dilm
cd dp phan giai cao hon. Vi vay cac dich chuyen
ciia
moi
dilm giiia
hai anh
lien tiep can dugc xac dinh vdi dp chinh xac tuong duong vdi ludi dilm cd dp phan
giai cao (HR), nghia la vdi dp chinh xac d muc dudi kich thudc dilm cua cac anh
ban dau, Vdi cac chudi anh co chua nhieu chuyin dpng phuc tap, dd la mpt nhiem
vu rat khd khan. Tuy nhien, vdi cac he thdng chup anh tinh vi nhu cac thilt bi hiln vi
quang hpc, viec
chii
dpng dieu khien de cac chuyen dich
giiia
cac anh rat nho va don
gian la kha de dang, nen viec xac dinh chinh xac cac chuyin dich do co
thi
thuc hien
vdi
nhiing
phuong phap dcm gian.
2.

Dien dir lieu tir cac anh LR (sau khi da dugc
bii
dich chuyen) vao ludi HR.
3.
Ndi suy cac dilm cdn thieu trong ludi
HK
Viec phai dimg den ndi suy la khdng
thi
tranh khdi khi chudi anh LR chiing ta cd khdng
dii
de dien vao th. ca cac dilm trong
ludi HR. Cd rat nhilu phuang phap ndi suy anh cd
thi
ap dung dugc, tir cac phuong
phap ndi suy toan hpc thudng dimg, ndi suy tin hieu bang ham
sine,
cac phuang
phap thdng ke, den cac phuong phap ndi suy su dung cac dac tnmg hinh hpc
ciia
anh. Dilu quan trpng d day la
lira
chpn dugc phuang phap ndi suy thich hgp, dam
bao tinh chinh xac cao
ciia
cac chi tiet dugc ndi suy.
4.
Khu nhoe (deblurring): mpt sd
v4n
de xay ra trong qua trinh chup anh cd the gay ra
hien tugng nhoe lam md di cac chi tiet tren anh, nhu nhoe do dat sai tieu cu hay

nhoe do rung dpng cua mdi trudng anh hudng tdi thilt bi. Vdi cac he thdng chup anh
hien vi day thuc ra khdng phai la van de
Idn
vi: a) khoang
each
chup thudng la cd
dinh nen cd the chi can hieu chinh he thdng mpt lan de cd dp net cao nhat cho ca
chudi anh, va b) cac he thdng chup anh hien vi thudng dugc thiet ke cd kem theo he
chdng rung de han che anh hudng tir rung dpng trong mdi trudng. Ngoai ra, neu can
xac dinh chinh xac ham nhoe cua qua trinh chup anh de thuc hien viec khu nhoe, vdi
cac he thdng hien vi ham nhoe thudng do dugc mpt each kha chinh xac (do ham
nhoe
ciia
he thdng chup anh chinh la dap ung xung cua he thdng, nen vdi he thdng
chup anh hien vi ngudi ta thudng do ham nhoe bang
each
chup mpt diem sang rat
nho tren mat phang dat vat mau
ciia
kinh hien vi, tao ra bdi
lazer,
trong dieu kien
hoan toan khdng cd anh sang). Khi do cd the ap dung nhieu phucmg phap khir nhoe
vdi ham nhoe da biet.
Cac phuong phap hien co quan tam chu yeu tdi viec cai thien chat lugng hinh anh theo cam
quan
ciia
con ngudi hon la tdi dp chinh xac
ciia
hinh anh, vi vay khdng dam bao viec nang

cao chat lugng hinh anh cung se
giiip
nang cao dp chinh xac cua cac phep phan tich va do
dac tren anh. Cac de tai nghien cuu ve tao anh sieu phan giai vdi ddi
tupmg
chinh la anh
hien vi quang hpc ciing rat it.
6.3.
Muc tieu va Noi dung Nghien cuu
Muc tieu
ciia
de tai la nghien cuu cac giai thuat tao dung anh sieu phan giai tir nhilu anh
nhim
dua ra mpt giai phap ung dung cho anh hien vi quang hpc. Chiing tdi chi tap tnmg
vao cac giai thuat udc lugng dich chuyen giiia cac anh va cac giai thuat ndi suy anh do
nhiing ly do da dugc trinh bay d phan tren. Cac ndi dung nghien ciru dugc trinh bay cu
thi
trong cac muc dudi day.
6.3,1,
Xay
dimg
thuat todn tao dung dnh SR tir cdc dnh LR
Mo hinh bdi todn
Ban chit
ciia
qua trinh chup anh la qua trmh lay mau khdng gian lien tuc trong do cam
biin
ciia
thiet bi anh ddng vai trd nhu mpt bp lay mau tin hieu hai chieu trong mat
ph^g

anh.
Anh thu dugc se la ma tran cac gia tri
thi
hien muc sang toi thu dugc tir cam
biin
anh
tiiy
vao dp xa gan, mau sac
ciia
vat the. Ve nguyen tac, khi tan sd lay mau cang
Idn
(nghia la
kich thudc diem anh tren cam bien hinh anh cang nhd), anh thu dugc se cang ro net; va khi
tan sd lay mau
dii Idn
(theo tieu chuan Nyquist), anh thu dugc se the hien day du thdng tin
ciia
khdng gian lien tuc va mat thudng se khdng phan biet dugc su rdi rac cua thdng tm. Ta
dinh nghia anh nay la anh cd do phan gidi cao ly tuang. Tuy nhien, anh thuc ma chiing ta
thu dugc qua qua trmh chup anh thudng cd dp phan giai thap hon dp phan giai ly tudng dd.
Ngudi ta
thi
hien dilu do
bSng
mot su gidm
toe
do lay mau
(dovm-sampling),
thudng gpi
tat la giam tdc, nghia la giam dp phan giai cua anh. Ngoai ra, anh chup dugc cdn la ket qua

cua viec
biin
doi hinh anh ly tudng cua khung canh thuc bdi qua trinh chup anh, dai dien
bdi dap ung xung
ciia
qua trinh nay, thudng dugc gpi la ham nhoe (point spread function).
Md hinh qua trinh tao anh dugc minh hpa trong hinh dudi day:
ANH
OO
PHAN
CIAI
THAP
Hinh
1: Mo
hinh
qud trinh tao dnh
De cd the xay dung thuat toan tao dung anh sieu phan giai (SR), ngudi ta cd gang md hinh
hoa mdi lien he giiia anh cd dp phan giai cao (HR) ly tudng va anh cd dp phan giai thip
(LR),
va mdi lien he giua cac anh LR vdi nhau. Neu md hinh dugc xay dung la chinh xac,
b^g
each
dao ngugc lai qua trinh tir anh
HR->LR,
chiing ta hoan toan cd
thi
tao dung lai
anh HR, tuc la anh SR, tir cac anh LR.
Gpi
{¥*}

la tap cac anh LR, chup bdi cung mpt may anh, trong cimg dieu kien, nhung cd
su khac nhau do
sir
dich chuyen
ciia
camera hay ddi tugng dugc chup trong qua trinh chup
anh. Gpi X la anh dp phan giai cao ly tudng ma chiing ta mong mudn co dugc. Anh LR thu
dugc cd
thi
coi nhu ket qua
ciia
qua trinh chup anh bdi he thdng cd ham nhoe h va sau do
giam tdc tir anh dp phan giai cao ly tudng. Qua trinh chup anh cdn cd
thi
bi anh hudng ciia
nhieu tir mdi trudng, Neu ky hieu D va H lan lugt la toan tir giam tdc va nhan chap vdi h,
va n dai dien cho thanh phan nhieu, chiing ta cd:
Y^
=
DHXt+n,
d do
X*
la mpt phien ban bi
dich chuyen (tinh tien va xoay)
ciia
X. Gpi
F^
la toan
tii
dich chuyen tuong ung, chiing ta cd

dugc md hinh toan hpc
ciia
qua trinh tao anh dugc bieu dien bang phuong trinh dudi day:
Yk
=
DHXi+n
=
DHF;tX+n
NH)£U
ANH
DO
PWAN
CIAI
THAP
YK
GIAMTOC
^
^^it^S/-^*•
WAN
ClAl
CAO
NHUNC
81
NH6E
ii iM.^.
_
„ *&
Hinh 2: Lien he giira dnh do phan gidi cao vd cdc dnh
do
phan gidi thap

Ca sa cua thuat todn
Gia sir rang
sir
dich chuyen giua cac hinh anh la hoan toan ngau nhien. Cau hoi dat ra la
trong dieu kien nao chiing ta cd the ket hgrp cac anh LR de thu dugc anh cd dp phan giai cao
hon.
De don gian chiing ta cd the xem xet viec lay mau tin hieu mot chieu.
1 M+*iM+*i
/(/.)
: Tin
liicu lien
luc
1/0
C*^)
:
La\
m5u
tai
(-0
yi
(•"•)
:
L5y
mau tai
t-tl
JV-liV-1
N N
+
^1
Hinh 3: Vi du ve lay mau tren tin hieu

Tin hieu rdi rac dugc lay mau (sampled) tir tin hieu lien tuc. Ta cd the dimg khai niem dp
phan giai cua tin hieu dl chi mat dp mau tin hieu hay tan sd lay mau, dai lugng nay ty le
nghich vdi chu ky lay mau (khoang
each
giira hai mau). Ddi vdi anh sd, mpt chu ky liy
mlu
(hai chieu), tuong duong vdi kich thudc mpt diem anh.
10
Gia sir chiing ta liy miu mpt tin hieu lien tuc, sau do dich tin hieu dd di mpt khoang nhd va
lay mau lai vdi cimg
t4n
sd lay mau trudc dd. Dieu dd
ciing
tuong duong vdi viec lay mau
mpt tin hieu lien tuc hai lan vdi cimg
tin
sd lay mau nhung lech pha (khac nhau dilm gdc)
nhu dugc minh hpa trong Hinh 3. De thay rang hai tap diem cua hai lan lay mau nay chi
khong triing lap khi khoang dich khong phai
Id
mot so nguyen lan cua chu
kx
lay mau. Neu
ket hgp hai tap mau vdi nhau, chiing ta se cd dugc mpt tin hieu lay mau tir tin hieu lien tuc
ban dau vdi mat dp mau cao hon tan sd lay mau thuc, tuy nhien chua the coi dd la tin hieu
cd dp phan giai cao hon vi khoang
each
giiia cac mau cd
thi
khdng deu. Budc can thiet tiep

theo la ndi suy tir tap mau phan bd theo mpt ludi khdng deu dl smh ra mpt tin hieu SR theo
mpt ludi deu. Dieu
ch4c chdn
la tin hieu SR nay se cd dp chinh xac cao hon tin hieu dugc
ndi suy chi tir mot tap mau ban dau vi sd diem mau dugc dimg de ndi suy
Idn
hon.
Ap dung cho anh hien vi quang hpc, chiing ta cd the su dung phuong thuc nhu tren de tao
anh sieu phan giai vdi cac dieu kien sau day;
• Cd dugc nhieu anh chup cimg mpt vat mau bdi cimg mpt he thdng hien vi vdi dieu
kien chup anh khdng thay ddi.
• Cd
sir
dich chuyen
ciia
vat mau giira cac anh vdi khoang dich la ngau nhien hoac
dugc dieu chinh de khdng bang mpt sd nguyen lan kich thudc diem anh.
Gidi quyet bai todn
Cac budc cua qua trinh tao anh SR dugc minh hpa bang Hinh 4.
L/6C
LL'OKC
DICH
CHliVfN
S^
L.
ANH
LR
Yk
SAIS6
*

i
ANN
D6
PHAN
Cl^
CAO
. ^
il
NH6E,
NHlEU
MAP, MSE.
ANH
£>0
PHAN
ciAt
CAO
•^-'^:#A^;^ri^'.;^i^:£i.i
^
:
f
i
b -/ iP ^.'
nl
•1
».'
NHI^U
vA
NHdE
GAO
NCUtX;

QuA
TRJNH
'*«.«*ja*eritBM^a,r>^
*&it
lOll/L)
LCn
CIAI
ANH
LRVk
Hinh 4: Qud trinh tao dung dnh SR
tic
tap dnh LR
Nhu da xac dinh trong phan muc tieu, d de tai nay chiing tdi chi tap trung vao hai budc: udc
lugng dich chuyen va ndi suy anh.
Bir&c
1:
Lf&c lirpmg sir
dich
chimin
giira cdc dnh
Cac thuat toan udc lugng chuyen ddng (motion estimation) von da dugc nghien cuu tir rit
liu
trong nhieu ung dung, nhit la trong cac ky thuat nen video. Trong bai toan tao dung anh
11
SR tir nhilu anh, viec udc lugng dich chuyin phai dat dp chinh xac tucrng duong kich thudc
dilm trong ludi HR, tuc la muc dudi dilm (subpixel) tren cac anh
LR.
Mpt sd phuong phap
udc lugng dich chuyin vdi dp chinh xac d muc dudi dilm anh da dugc xem xet, bao gdm:
• Phuang phap udc lugng theo khdi anh.

• Phuang phap su dung mien tan sd.
• Phuang phap sir dung optical flow.
Cd
thi
tdm tit mpt vai net chinh ve cac timg loai phuong phap nay nhu sau:
/,
Phuang phdp uac luang theo khoi dnh
Vdi loai phuang phap nay, anh dugc chia thanh cac khdi (block) cd kich thudc cd dinh hay
thay doi.
Sir
dich chuyen giiia hai anh dugc tinh toan cho mdi khdi bang each tim kiem vi
tri mdi trong anh thu hai cua cac khdi trong anh thir nhit. So sanh mpt khdi trong anh thu
nhat vdi cac khdi lan can nd trong anh thu hai se cho chiing ta biet khdi gidng nd nhit, tu
do xac dinh dugc dp dich ciia mpt khdi giiia hai anh, Mpt sd dp do cd the dirng
dh
do
sir
gidng nhau
giiia
hai khdi, nhu tdng cdc sai khac tuyet doi (sum of absolute differences
—
SAD),
sai so binh phuang trung binh (mean squared error - MSE), hay tuang quan cheo
chuan hoa (normalized cross correlation - NCC):
SAD(d) = Zl/i(x)-/2(x+d)l
MSE(d)=|iiX[/.(^)-/2(^+d)f
E/,(x)/2(x+d:
NCC(d)
=
i^

[i/f(x)r[i:/^(x+d)f^
IG5 xGfi
d dd, B la khdi dang dugc xem xet trong anh thu nhat, x la vector chi vi tri mpt diem anh
trong khdi
B,
d la vector dich
chuyen,
yi(x) vay^(x+d)
lin lugt la cac gia tri dilm anh tai vi
tri
X
trong anh thu nhat va tai vi tri x+d trong anh thu hai, cdn
\B\
la tdng sd diem anh trong
khdi B. Su dich chuyen
ciia
khdi B giira hai anh se dugc xac dinh bdi gia tri cua vector dich
chuyen d sao cho SAD(d) nhd nhit, hoac MSE(d) nhd nhit, hoac NCC(d)
Idn
nhit. Cd
thi
thay d d day tuong ung vdi mpt su dich chuyen d muc diem anh. De dat dugc muc chinh
xac dudi diem, chiing ta phii ndi suy gia tri cua cac ham dp do ndi tren cho cac gia tri
ciia
d
d muc dudi diem.
Cac khdi trong mpt anh cd the lap lai chinh chiing khdng phai do dich chuyin, vi vay
kit
qua
ciia

viec xac dinh dich chuyen
ciia
cac khdi do vi vay cd the hoan toan sai. Ndi chung
khi kich thudc cac khdi cang
Idn
thi kha nang lap lai cang nhd nen chiing ta cd
thi
lam
giam kha nang xay ra cac sai sdt loai dd bang
each
tang kich thudc khdi. Tuy nhien, khi
sir
dich chuyin khdng hoan toan ddng nhit cho tat ca cac diem trong anh thi su dung khdi cd
kich thudc cang
Idn
se cang lam tang sai sd tin toan dich chuyen cho mdi diem.
\
\ r
ii. Phuang phdp
sic
dung mien tan so
12
Phuong phap su dung
miln
tin sd dua vao tinh chat vl
biin
doi Fourier
ciia
mot tin hieu bi
dich. Gia

su/i(x,
y) la ham bilu dien mpt tin hieu trong khdng gian hai chieu (anh)
va^(A:,
y)
la/i(x,
y) dich di mpt khoang xac dinh bdi vector
(xo,
>'o):
Gpi
Fi{u,
v) and
F2(u,
v) lin lugt la pho Fourier
c\mf\(x,
y)
v^fiix,
y). Quan he giira hai pho
nay dugc biet nhu sau:
F^{u,v)=F,{u,v)e'^"'^^'^^^
Sir
dich pha giira 2 anh cd the tinh dugc nhu sau:
.^F,(U,V)F;{U^V)
^^.J^^^^^y^)
'
\F,(KV)F;{U,V)\
Bien ddi Fourier ngugc cua
D(u,
v), ky hieu la
d{x,
y),

chinh la ham xung delta tai diem (xo,
yo),
tir dd chiing ta thu dugc vector dich chuyen.
Phuong phap nay cho phep dat dp chinh xac tdi muc dudi diem ma khdng cin ndi suy, tuy
rihien se khdng sir dung dugc trong trudng hgp su dich chuyen khdng hoan toan ddng nhat
cho tit ca cac diem trong anh.
///.
Phuang phdp
sir
dung optical flow
Optical flow
ciia
mot chudi inh la mpt trudng vector (vector field) the hien su chuyen dich
(hudng va van tdc) tai timg dilm trong moi anh vdi dp chinh xac tdi muc dudi diem. Vi
vay, su dung optical flow cho phep bieu dien mpt
each
chinh xac cac chuyen dich trong
anh, ke ca trong trudng hgp su dich chuyen khdng hoan toan ddng nhat cho tit ca cac diem.
Cd nhieu phuong phap da dugc dua ra de tinh optical flow cua chudi anh. Mpt trong nhirng
phuang phap don gian va hieu qua nhat la phuang phap cua Lucas va Kanade
(Lucas&Kanade,
1981),
theo dd vector chuyen ddng tai moi diem dugc xac dinh dua tren
dao ham theo thai gian
ciia
gia tri dilm anh. Phuong phap do cd the dugc trinh bay nhu sau:
gia
thiet/(x,
y)
=f(x,

y, t)
\afi{x,
y)
=f{x,
y,
/+5)
lin lugt la hai ham bieu dien hai anh lien
tiep chup tai hai thai diem t va
/+5,
ddng thai gia thiet diem cd vi tri tai
(x,
y) trong anh thu
nhit bi dich di mpt khoang xac dinh bdi vector
(&,
5^)
khi tdi anh thir hai, nghia la:
Theo cdng thuc
ciia
khai trien Taylor, chiing ta cd:
^
ox oy
^
ol
tir dd thu dugc:
5x""
"
dy'^'"
dt
hay:
^5.^6.^5.

13
dx
6i
dy
6f
dt
Vi
Sx/St
=
Vx
va
5y/Si
=
Vy
lin lugt la hai thanh phin cua vector chuyen ddng tai diem (x,
y),
chiing ta cd dugc phuang trinh cua optical flow giiia hai anh:
df_ df_
^_9/
dx^'
dy""'
dt
Cac phuong phap xac dinh dich chuyen dua tren dao ham theo thdi gian
ciia
gia tri
diern
anh nhu phuong phap Lucas-Kanade tren day chi cd
thi
ap dung khi dp dich chuyen la rit
nhd (d muc dudi diem), nhung ciing do vay cac phuang phap nay de bi anh hudng bdi

nhieu. Ddi vdi anh hien vi, dieu khien
sir
dich chuyen de dp dich giira cac anh lien tiep rit
nhd d muc dudi diem la kha de dang, va nhieu khdng phii vin de
Idn,
vi vay phuong phap
su dung optical flow la mpt giai phap thich hgp.
Bir&c
2: Ghep dnh vd Npi
si^
Budc tiep theo, sau khi da cd dugc nhiing thdng tin ve
sir
dich chuyen giira cac anh, la dua
tit ca cac anh ve cimg mpt ludi HR bang each
bii
lai dich chuyen cua chiing so vdi cimg
mpt gdc, Tir tit ca cac anh LR sau khi da dugc
bii
dich chuyen, chiing ta se thu dugc mpt
tap diem cd vi tri hoan toan ngau nhien trong ludi HR (do
sir
dich chuyen giiia cac anh la
ngau nhien) vdi gia tri mdi dilm la mot gia tri diem anh trong anh LR. Tai nhimg vi tri
trong ludi HR cd nhieu hon mpt diem tir cac anh LR cimg rod vao, gia tri dugc dien vao se
la gia tri trung binh cua cac diem anh do. Ngugc lai, cd nhiing vi tri ciia ludi HR khdng cd
diem anh nao roi vao, khi do ndi suy cin dugc ap dung de dien vao cac vi tri chua cd gia tri.
Chiing ta cd hai
each
dl npi suy gia tri cac dilm anh trong ludi HR:
• Cach thu nhit: ndi suy tir mdi anh LR tat ca cac gia tri cac diem anh cua ludi HR,

sau dd liy trung binh cua cac gia tri dugc ndi suy de cd mpt anh SR duy nhit. Vdi
each nay, phuong phap ndi suy dugc su dung se la phuang phap ndi suy tir ludi dilm
deu (uniform interpolation), tuy nhien dp phuc tap tinh toan se
Idn
vi mdi diem trong
ludi HR deu dugc ndi suy nhieu lin.
• Cach
thijf
hai: chi ndi suy cac vi tri chua cd gia tri trong ludi HR mpt lin tir cac gia
tri da dugc dien vao ludi lay d cac anh LR. Trong trudng hgp nay chiing ta thudng
phai su dung phuang phap ndi suy tir ludi dilm khdng deu (non-uniform
interpolation) do vi tri cac diem can ndi suy trong ludi HR
la
ngiu nhien, tuy nhien
khdi lugng tin toan cd the giam so vdi
each
thu nhit do viec ndi suy chi can thuc
hien mpt lin cho mdi diem.
Cd rat nhilu phuong phap ndi suy anh, tuy nhien chiing tdi chi quan tam tdi mpt sd phuang
phap phu hgp vdi hai tieu chi sau day: cd the thuc hien ndi suy tir ludi dilm khdng deu va
kha don gian ve cai dat. Hai tieu chi nay dugc dat ra vi muc tieu xa hon ciia chiing tdi la
phat
triln
cac ung dung thdi gian thirc tren cac phin cung xu ly chuyen dung, nen cac giai
thuat phai dcm gian va cd dp phuc tap tinh toan thip. Ngoai ra, chiing tdi ciing chpn cac
phuang phap ndi suy thudc ve cac
Idp
phuang phap khac nhau nham so sanh hieu qua cua
cac
Idp

phucmg phap khi ap dung cho van de cua de tai.
14
Cac phuong phap ndi suy dugc chiing tdi
thii
nghiem bao gdm:
• Ndi suy
tuyIn
tinh (linear interpolation): diy la phuong phap don gian nhit, tuy
nhien cd hieu qua kha tot khi su dung dl ndi suy cac tin hieu cd dang tron tru, vi vay
phuong phap ndi suy tuyen tinh vin la mpt trong nhiing phuang phap phd bien nhat
trong ndi suy tin hieu va anh. Theo phuang phap nay, gia tri cho mdi diem anh cin
ndi suy trong ludi HR la gia tri trung bmh cd trpng sd cua cac diem trong ludi HR
dugc dien vao tir cac anh LR, d dd mdi trpng sd tuang
(mg
vdi mdi diem cua anh LR
ty le vdi khoang
each
tir dilm dd tdi dilm can ndi suy trong ludi HR. Phuong phap
ndi suy
tuyIn
tinh su dung dugc khi ndi suy tir ludi dilm khdng deu.
• Ndi suy cac diem rai rac su dung ludi tam giac
(triangulation-based
scattered data
interpolation) (Amidror, 2002): cac phucmg phap ndi suy
dii
lieu rai rac (scattered
data interpolation) la cac phuong phap ndi suy tir ludi diem khdng deu va ludi diem
sau khi dugc ndi suy cung khdng nhit thiet phai deu. Nguyen tac chung
ciia

cac
phuong phap nay la tao ra mpt ludi diem xip xi mpt be mat (ham) tron tru tir cac
diem da cd cua cac anh LR. Ludi xip xi nay thudng la mpt ludi tao tir cac mat tam
giac (triangle mesh), phuang phap tao ludi tam giac xap xi be mat tir mpt tip diem
thdng dung nhit la phuong phap cua Delaunay (Delaunay triangulation). Sau dd, gia
tri cho cac diem can dugc ndi suy se dugc tinh tir gia tri tai vi tri cac dinh
ciia
mat
tam giac bao quanh nd, thudng la bang cdng thuc ndi suy tuyen tinh.
• Ndi suy bing kernel regression (kernel regression interpolation - KRI) (Takeda et al,
2007):
KRI la phuong phap ndi suy dua tren viec xip xi ham tir tap diem da cd tir
cac anh LR bing each xac dinh mpt ham kernel tai mdi dilm da cd va ap dung ham
kernel do cho cac diem cin npi suy lin can nd. Phuang phap nay dua tren gia thiet
rang mpt sd dac tnmg cua ham cin xap xi
ludn
bit bien trong mpt pham vi cue bd
nhd. Vdi anh, do la su lap lai
eiia
cac cau tnic hinh hpc (geometric regularities). Ndi
suy anh dua tren gia thiet ve
sir
lap lai
ciia
cac ciu tnic hinh hpc la mpt hudng thu
hiit
dugc nhieu su quan tam trong vai nam gin diy va cac phuang phap theo hudng
nay da chung to dugc
sir
uu viet so vdi cac phuong phap ndi suy anh co

diln.
KRI la
mpt phuong phap trong lap nay, uu diem cua KRI so vdi cac phuang phap khac
cimg
Idp
la KRI cd the dp dung cho ludi khdng deu.
6.3,2, Ket qud thirc nghiem
vd
kit luan
Thuc nghiem dugc thuc hien thanh hai phin rieng biet:
Phan 1: Thuc hien tren tip anh LR md phdng (tir mpt anh cd dp phin giai cao, thuc hien
cac budc giam tdc, dich, cdng nhieu de thu dugc mot tip anh cd dp phin giai thip hon)
dugc nhieu tac gia su dung de danh gia cac giai thuat SR. Muc dich cua phan nay la so sanh
hieu qua cac phuong phap ndi suy khac nhau khi ap dung vao viec tao anh SR. Cac tip anh
LR dimg trong phan nay liy tai dia chi:
/>datasets.html.
Phan 2: Thuc hien tren anh chup true tiep tir kinh hien vi quang hpc, nham minh hpa cho
hieu qua ung dung ma de tai nham tdi.
15
Dudi day la hinh anh cua dir lieu va
kit
qua thuc nghiem:
IS.
•/I
V.
• ^^
IK
/f/«/2
J
Trdi: mot dnh LR trong chuoi dnh Apaca. Phai: dnh SR

(do
phan gidi tdng 5x5
lan).
Hinh 6: Trdi: mot dnh LR trong chuoi dnh Emily. Phai: dnh SR
(do
phan gidi tdng 5x5
Idn).
16
Iffiiilii
j?3^'#
«;^
Hinh 7: Trdi: mot dnh LR trong chuoi dnh
Text.
Phai: dnh SR
(do
phan gidi tang 5x5
Idn).
Hinh 8: Trdi: mot anh LR trong chuoi anh Vase. Phai: dnh SR
(do
phan gidi tdng 5x5
Idn).
17
DAI HQC QUOC GIA HA
NQl
TRUNG
lAiVl [MOi\G
IIN
THUVIEN
OmCGGQO^^^
Hinh

9: Trdi: mot dnh LR trong chuoi dnh Lena. Phai: dnh SR
(do
phan gidi
tdng
5x5 lan).
//?«/;
70.*
Hai dnh trong mot chuoi dnh chup bdng thiet bi hien vi.
18
-4
W\
Hinh
U:
Cdc dnh SR hien vi duac tao dung
tic
chuoi dnh LR.
Kit
qua so sanh cac phuong phap ndi suy dugc the hien trong cac bang sau diy, cac gia tri
trong bing la PSNR cua anh HR dugc tai tao lai tir cac anh LR md phdng, so vdi anh HR
ban diu.
Sd lugng anh LR
10 (khdng nhilu)
10 (cd nhilu,
SNR-20dB)
15
(khdng nhieu)
15 (cd nhilu,
SNR-20dB)
20 (khdng nhieu)
20 (cd nhieu,

SNR=20dB)
Linear
29,20
29,18
31,79
29,18
36,15
30,27
Scattered
28,30
28,98
30,32
30,58
35,68
31,11
KRI
30,24
30,44
33,24
31,50
36,56
31,58 ]
Bdng 7; PSNR cua cdc dnh HR tdi tao
tic
chuoi dnh Lena.
Sd lugng anh LR
'
10 (khdng nhieu)
10 (cd
nhilu,

SNR=20dB)
15 (khdng nhieu)
15 (cd
nhieu,
SNR=20dB)
20 (khdng nhieu)
20 (cd nhieu,
SNR=20dB)
Linear
27,10
1
24,78
! 31,43
27,01
35,23
29,79
Scattered
'
28,53
24,37
1
31,59
1
25,60
33,40
26,94
KRI
29,08
26,28
1

35,62
• 27,03
38,01
31,23
1
i

J
;i
i
1
Bang 2: PSNR cua cdc dnh HR tdi tao
tic
chuoi dnh Vase.
19
So lugng anh LR
10 (khdng nhieu)
10 (cd nhieu, SNR=20dB)
15
(khdng nhieu)
15 (cd nhilu,
SNR=20dB)
20 (khdng nhieu)
20 (cd nhieu, SNR=20dB)
Linear
28,80
28,78
30,87
28,59
34,50

28,78
Scattered
27,87
29,31
29,81
28,84
32,91
29,31
KRI 1
29,20
29,92
31,02
28,63
34,78
29,92 Jj
Bdng 3: PSNR cua cdc dnh HR tdi tao
tic
chuoi dnh Apaca.
Chiing ta cd the thiy rang trong hiu het cac trudng hgp phuong phap KRI deu cho ket qua
tdt nhit.
6.4. Thdi gian, dia diem va
phirong
phap nghien cuu
Hoat ddng nghien cuu
chii
yeu dugc thuc hien tai Bd mon Xu ly thdng tin va Phdng thi
nghiem tich hgp Cac he thdng tich hgp thdng mmh (SIS). Dir lieu thuc nghiem (anh hien
vi) dugc chup bang phan quang hpc cua thiet bi AFM tai Phdng thi nghiem Cdng nghe
Micro-Nano. De tai nghien cuu da tip trung giai quyet bai toan tren co sd ly thuyet ddng
thdi su dung md phdng de kiem chung, Trong qua trinh thuc hien de tai cac kien thuc ly

thuylt va kiln thuc thuc nghiem deu dugc
chii
trpng. Cac ket qua nghien cuu da dugc viet
thanh bao cao gui cho Hdi nghi khoa hpc chuyen nganh. Viec hoan chinh mot nghien cuu
vdi diy du co sd ly thuyet va phin mem md phdng tao dieu kien thuan
Igi
cho cdng viec
giang day, nghien cuu khoa hpc cho sinh vien, hpc vien cao hpc ciing nhu tin dung de thuc
hien cac de tai ve xu ly inh sau nay.
6.5. Ket qua nghien
ciru
6,5,L Cdc cong bo lien quan din kit qua ciia de tdi
Hong-Thinh Nguyen, Viet-Dung Nguyen, Ha Vu Le, "Super-Resolution Image
Construction from High-Speed Camera Sequences", Proceedings of the
International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, Ho Chi
Minh City, October 2010.
6,5,2, Kit
qud
dao tao cua De tdi
T)h
tai da thu
hiit
dugc su tham gia cua cac sinh vien va hpc vien cao hpc trong khoa DTVT,
cd inh hudng tdt tdi
Imh
vuc dao tao. Den nay da cd 2 sinh vien dai hpc va 2 hpc vien cao
hpc tham gia nghien cuu de tai. Hai sinh vien tham gia mpt phin nghien
ciai
cua de tai da
dat giai nhat SV NCKH cip trudng va giai khuyen khich cip Bd GD-DT.

20
Ket qua dao tao
ciia
de tai dugc tong
kit
trong cac bang dudi diy:
Danh muc cac khoa luan, luan van trong khudn kho dl tai QC.07.09
STT
1
2
Hp va ten
(SV) Nguyen Thuy Hoang Phong
(HVCH) Nguyin Hdng Thinh
Tinh trang
Bao ve khda luan tdt nghiep nam 2009
Bao ve
luan
van thac sy nam 2009
6,5,3, Ket qud irng dung ciia De tdi
Xiy dung mpt bd thu vien phin mem trong mdi trudng Matlab cho phep tao anh dp phin
giai cao. Phin mem da
thii
nghiem va hoat ddng tdt vdi cac loai anh chup bang may anh
thudng va kinh hien vi dien tir; trong dd timg phin
ciia
thuat toan deu cd nhieu
lira
chpn
phuang phap; dam bao cho ket qua tdt hon.
6.6. Thao

luan
Ket qua nhin dugc la dat so vdi cac yeu ciu dat ra ban diu. Cac chuong
truih
don gian,
nhanh va chay kha hieu qua.
6.7. Ket luan va kien nghj
Trong tuong lai gin, viec tich hgp thuat toan vao cac thiet bi phin cung nhu DSP, FPGA se
dugc thuc hien va
hiia
hen cii thien tdc dp xir ly; cd the trd thanh mpt san phim cd gia tri.
Led
cam
<m
Cac thanh vien de tai xin chin thanh cam on tdi DHQGHN da tai trg cho de tai, tdi Phdng
thi nghiem Cac he thdng tich hgp thdng minh (SIS), Phdng thi nghiem cdng nghe Micro-
Nano da tao dieu kien cho phep sir dung toan bd cac trang thiet bi, tdi Trudng DHCN va
Khoa DTVT ve
sir
quan tim va giiip dd hoan thanh de tai.
6.8. Tai lieu tham khao
1.
H. Ur and D. Gross, "Improved resolution from subpixel shifted pictures",
CVGIP:
Graphical Models and Image
Processing,
Vol. 54, No. 2, March
1992,
pp.
181-186.
2.

A.M. Tekalp, M.K. Ozkan and M.I. Sezan, "High-resolution image reconstruction
from lower-resolution unage sequences and space-varying image restoration", in
Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and
Signal Processing
(ICASSP-92),
Vol. 3, 1992, pp. 169-172.
3.
T. Komatsu, T. Igarashia, K. Aizawab and T. Saito, "Very high resolution
miaging
scheme with multiple different-aperture cameras", Signal Processing: Image
Communication, Vol. 5, No. 5-6, December
1993,
pp.
511-526.
4.
R.C. Hardie, K.J. Barnard, J.G. Bognar, E.E. Armstrong and E.A. Watson, "High-
resolution image reconstruction from a sequence of rotated and translated frames and
its application to an infrared imaging system", Optical Engineering, Vol. 37, No. 1,
1998,
pp. 247-260.
21
5.
S. Baker and T. Kanade, "Super-resolution optical
flow".
Technical report, 1999.
6. M.
Elad
and A. Feuer, "Super-resolution reconstruction of continuous image se-
quences", in Proceedings of the 1999 Intemational Conference on Image Processing
(ICIP-99),

Vol. 3, 1999, pp. 459-463.
7.
N. Nguyen and P. Milanfar, "A wavelet-based interpolation-restoration method for
superresolution", Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2000, pp.
321-338.
8. Y. Altunbasak and A.J. Patti, "A maximum a posteriori estimator for high resolution
video reconstruction from MPEG video", in Proceedings of the 2000 Intemational
Conference on Image Processing
(ICIP-2000),
Vol. 2, 2000, pp.
649-652.
22
7. PHV
LVC
(cac giay
tfr guri
kern)
1.
Trang bia cac khda luan va luan van
2.
Ban sao cac bai bao, bao cao khoa hpc da cdng bd
3.
Ban sao De cuang va Hgp ddng
4.
Phieu tdm tat ket qua nghien cuu
ciia
de tai bang tieng Anh
5.
Phieu dang ky ket qua nghien cuu KHCN
23

m
DAI HOC QU6C GIA HA
NQI
oOo —
CONG TRINH
DIJ
THI
GlAl
THU(!)'NG
"SINH VIEN NGHIEN CLTU KHOA HOC
CAP
DAI
HOC
QU(!)C
GIA
HA
NQI
NAM 2009
Ten cong trinh:
Thiet ke
ki§n true
cho bo loc
thich
nghi
SIP
dung bien ddi song con
Ha Npi, thang 03 nam 2009
m m
DAI HOC QU6C GIA HA NOI
TRLrONG

DAI HOC CONG NGHE
oOo
CONG
TRlNH
DU THI GlAl
THUO'NG
"SINH VIEN NGHIEN
Cl>U KHOA
HOC"
•
NAM
2009
Ten cong trinh:
Thiet
k§ ki^n true
cho bo loc thich nghi
SLF
dung bien doi song con
Giao vien
hip&ng
din:
TS.
Le Vu Ha
Nhom sinh vien thirc hien:
Nguyin
Vi^t
DQng
Nguyin Thuy Hoang Phong
Ldp:
K50D

Khoa:
DTVT
Ha Noi, 03/2009