Sưu tầm và khảo sát tư liệu chữ Quốc ngữ cổ (Thế kỷ XVIII

DAI
HOC QU(5C
GIA
HA
N^I
§^
NGHliN
CLfU
VIET
NAM VA
GIAO
LOU VAN HOA
Dl
tai
ddc hm
QG.
97.14
tnj
TAM
VA
KHAO SAT
TLf
LIEU
CHQ
QUOC
NGUr
CO
( THE KY
XVIII)
1 OM
TAT

TINH
HINH
NGHlfiN
CUtJ.
€»^
i
HC.T C bOC oiA
HA
MCfi
1
TRUNGTAMTHOMGTtN.THirVICN
Nc
MJWQII
_j
Hdn^i,
1998
1/1^1
TOM
TAT
TINH
HINH NGHlfiN CLfU
CUA
CUA
D^
TAI
Si/u
tdm vd khao sat ta lieu
chQ qud'c ng& cd
The'ky XVIII
Ma so QG

97.14
Chu nhiem de tai : Gs. Doan Thien Thuat
Co
quan chu tri:
Trung tam nghien
ciiU
Viet Nam va Giao
liAi
van hoa
Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ngi
I. Muc dich yeu cau cua de tai
1.
Tinh thdi
s\i
.
Chijf
quoc
ngiJ
la
chiJ
viet pho thong cua ca nudc. Can c6 day du y
thOfc
ve
Lfu nhiioc
diem cua
chCf
viet do cung
nhuf
can nghien
ciiU

de suf
dung no cho
tdt
hon, do la yeu cau cua xa hoi, nhat la vac giai doan nay,
thcrt
ky
nxidc
nha dang chuyen minh tien len cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa
Co nhieu viec phai lam :
tif
nghien
culi
lich suf hinh thanh
chC
Quoc
ngiJ
den danh gia loai hinh van
tii
hien hanh cua chung ta
tif
viec cai tien
he thdng
chQ
viet nay den viec
sii
dunh n6 trong giao
due,
thong tin xuat
ban,
tif

phifong phap giang day den nhflng quy dinh trong
tifng
pham vi
sdcf
dung cu the. De tai nay nham giai quyet mot trong
nhOCng
van de d6.
Trong tinh hinh mdi, vdi chinh sach
md
ciia cua Dang va Nha
nifdc
quan he giQa ta va Phap trd nen tdt hOn, ta
mcfi
c6
difOc
nhQng
tif
lieu ve
chQ Quoc ngQ
cd
the ky XVIII. NhQng
tif
lieu nay tQ
tnfdc
tdi nay
choa difOc
ai biet den. Chung lai
vQa
lap dung mot giai doan ma chung ta dang thieu
tif

lieu. Chinh vi vay, viec
sUU
tam, khao sat chung de cong bo mang
mpt
gia tri thifc tiln
1cm.
Mat khac, cung
chi
trong tinh hinh
mdfi
ta mdri co du dieu kien de
danh gia dung dan viec ra
dcrt
cua chQ Quoc ngQ.
Tnfdc
kia ta
chi
biet den
nhQng gi xay ra
b
nxidc ta, tam mat bi han che, ngay nay,
vdri
cai
nhin
mang
tinh
khu
vifc,
sxi
sang tao ra chQ Quoc ngQ khong phai la mot hien

tifong
tinh cd hay dot xuat, ma
chi
c6
ngifdi
Viet Nam
difOc
may
mSn
tiep
nhan. Hien
tifong
dung chQ La tinh ghi am tieng ban dia
ciia
cac giao sT
phifdng
Tay vi muc
dich
truyen giao da diln ra
b
Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc,
tnfdc
khi diln ra b Viet Nam .
2.
Lich
s^
van de
TQ
tnfdc
den nay, khong

it
hoc gia da nghien
cQu
lich
sxi
hinh thanh
chQ Qudc ngQ . 0 mien Nam co Nguyin Khac
Xuyen\
D6 Quang Chinh
^,
Thanh
Lang"^,
b mien Bac c6 Hoang
Phe"*
va mot so'
ngifdi
khac b nxidc
ngoai
nhif
Hoang Xuan
Han^.
Cac hoc gia noi tren, trQ Hoang Phe, quan
tam nhieu den viec cai tien chQ Qudc ngQ, con tat ca da day cong
sifu
tam
cac
tif
lieu cd tai Rome, tai Phap, tai Bo Dao Nha, da tim hieu, phien dich
va chu thich lai lich
nhiihg ngifc/i

da co ddng gop vao viec xay difng chQ
Quoc ngQ, cung
nhif nhuhg
hoat dong tranh gianh anh
hudng
cua cac
dong dao b Viet Nam, co lien quan den
sif
thay ddi anh
hifdng
cua chQ Y
hay chQ Bo Dao Nha trong
each
ghi tieng Viet cua chQ Qudc ngQ. Rieng
Nguyin Khac Xuyen trong nhieu nam dong da viet hang loat cong trinh
nghien
cQu
ve giao
si
Dac Lo. Co the ndi ong la chuyen gia ve cuoc ddi va
hoat dong cua Dac Lo.
Tuy nhien nhiing gi da cong bd
tnfdc
day, nhat la cua cac tac
gia mien Nam, trQ mot sd it, con da sd
difOc
viet
difdi
con mat nha
sii

hoc
hon la ngon ngQ
hpc.
Ngay Do Quang Chinh, trong cudn sach cua ong, c6 ca nhiing anh
chup nguyen tac van ban cua Igesico Van
Tin,
cua Bento Thien
,
ong van
khong thoat khoi xu
hxidng
do. Nhan xet cua cac hpc gia chifa hoan toan
xuat phat tQ quan diem van
tif
hpc. Cac vi do lan
Ion
nhQng hien tufdng
thu6c
pham vi ngQ am vdi pham vi van
tif.
CQ gap mot
each
viet nao khac
vdi hien nay hp deu cho la
each
viet cua chQ Qudc ngQ chifa dn
dinh.
Thifc
ra
CO

the
each
viet da on dinh
nhuhg
dien mao cua tQ khong gidng ngay
nay la vi
each
phat am cua
tQ
each day 3 the ky la
nhif
vay.
0 mien Bac vao thap ky 60 cung da day len mpt dcrt thao luan ve
chQ Qudc ngQ
.
Gan 50 nha khoa hpc da viet bai hoac dpc tham luan trong
mpt hoi thao \dn ve cai tien chQ Qudc ngQ
^.
Suf chu y cua tat ca mpi
ngifcri
deu tap trung vao viec neu
nhOhg
ifu,
khuyet diem cua chQ Qudc ngQ, xet
ve mat ghi am, dong
thcrt difa
ra
nhQhg
kien nghi cai tien bp chQ hien
hanh,

tQ
viec thay ddi
each
ghi mpt sd am vi phu am, mot sd am vi nguyen
am, each ghi thanh dieu,
each
vie't lien cac am tiet cua tQ cho den viec bo
sung mpt sd con chQ. Bao cao de dan trong hoi thao, c6 noi qua de'n qua
trinh hinh thanh chQ Qudc ngQ, tuy nhien noi dung chinh
vin
la kiem lai
nhQhg
de nghi cai tien chQ viet
tQ tnf6c
den nay.
Trong nhQng nam gan day, tai Ha noi cung da co mpt sd luan van
tdt nghiep dai hpc hoac sau dai hpc, chu y den lich
sif
chQ qudc ngQ. Trong
luan an pho tien
si
cua minh, Nguyin thi Bach
Nhan^
co mpt cd gang diem
lai qua trinh hinh thanh chQ Qudc ngQ tQ dang thQc sd khai den dang thQc
cudi cung
nhif
ngay nay ( 1620 - 1877 ). Tac gia da tan dung tat ca nhQng
cong trinh cua nhQng
ngQcrt

di
trufdc
va tap trung phan tich de nit ra nhan
xet ve mat chQ viet trong may cudn
tQ
dien
1cm nhif TQ
dien Viet - Bd - La
cua Alexandre de Rhodes, TQ dien Viet - La tinh cua Pigneau de Behaine,
Nam Viet
DQdng
Hiep
TQ
dien cua J. L. Taberd va
TQ
dien Viet - Phap cua
Le Grand de la Liraye. Mac du con mpt sd han che do quan diem nghien
cQu cua luan an va thieu
tif
lieu
nhuhg
tac gia da nhin nhan van de vdi
tif
each
mpt nha ngon ngQ hpc. Giai doan tQ sau TQ dien Viet - Bo - La den
TQ (fien
Viet La tinh cua Pigneau de Behaine, tac gia khong co tai lieu nao
ngoai tai
li^u
cua Philiphe

Binh.
Trong
nhOhg
nam tQ 1990 - 1995, b khoa NgQ van Dai hpc Tong
hdp cu da
CO
3 luan van
cif
nhan^
viet ve tinh hinh chQ Qudc ngQ cua giai
doan nay. Rat tiec nhQng luan van nay
chi
difdc lull trQ trong kho
tif li#u
cua khoa, khong difdc xuat ban nen khong may ai biet den.
Dau thap ky 80,
ngifcrt
chu tri de tai khoa hpc nay nhan chuyen sang
cong tac tai
nifdc
Cong hoa Phap da c6 dip lam viec tai kho
lifU
trQ cua Hoi
Tmyen
giao. b day, tac gia da
tim
difdc nhQng
tif
lieu viet bang chQ Qudc
ngQ

CO,
giai doan
tQ
cudi the ky XVII de'n dau the ky
XIX.
><
Chung toi da chup difdc mot phan cac tQ lieu do, nhQ tat ca mpi
ngifdi deu bie't qua cac bai gidi thieu cua Gs. Nguyin Tai Can
^
va Gs.
Nonna V.
Stankievitch^^.
Tuy nhien sd phim anh d6 chifa phai da thifc
sif
day du va mot sd
dang ke bi
hif
hong. Chung toi can phai bo sung va tim
each
cong bd.
3.
Yeu cau cua de tai
Nghien cQu lich suf hinh thanh chQ Qudc ngQ la mpt van de ldn ma
nhieu ngifdi da lam, song chifa difdc hoan chinh. Nay da c6 dieu kien bd
sung. Viec tim kiem da co phufdng hQdng. Van de con lai chl la
sifu
tam
cho du, cung cap cho cac nha nghien cQu va khai thac chung.
Cong viec tam chia ra 2
bifdc

: bQdc dau la hoan thien hd sd cac
tif
lieu
va cong bd,
bifdc
hai la td chQc nghien cQu, khai thac cac
tQ
lieu nay.
Trong pham vi de tai da dang ky, chiing toi
chi
thifc hien nhiem vu
cua bQdc mot. Chung toi phai tiep tuc
sifu
tam mot sd tQ lieu da ghi chep
dQdc nhutig
chQ&
chup dQdc hoac da chup dQdc ma phim hay anh bj hong.
Cac tai lieu do se dQdc trinh bay dQdi dang thich hdp sao cho cac nha
nghien cQu ve van
tif
co the thay dQdc thifc trang, va nhQng ngQdi nghien
•
cQu trong cac
Knh vifc
khac cung c6 the suf dung dQdc mot
each
tien
left.
Mudn vay, khong con
each

nao khac la phai phien chuyen cac van ban cd
ra chQ Qudc ngQ hien dai kem theo nhQng
chii
thich
cifc
ky chi tiet ve dang
chQ cd trong nguyen tac, hoac ve nghia cd cua tQ. Mat khac, cung can phai
soan ra nhQng ban tra cQu that ty my kem theo. Do la yeu cau cua de tai.
Vi^c
in toan bp cac tQ lieu nay cung thupc pham vi cua bQdc mpt,
song do quy
djnh
ve kinh phi, cong viec do phai dQdc thifc hien sau mpt
chut,
vdft
mpt kinh
phi
rigng.
Hien nay chifa c6 the lam dQdc, song chiing
toi hy vpng ban Khoa hpc Cong nghe DHQG se tao mpi dieu kien cho
chung toi thifc hien dQdc cang sdm cang tdt nham phuc vu cac nha nghien
cQu trong thdi gian sdm nhat, phat huy tac dung cua nhQhg tai lieu quy ma
chiing toi da thu
iQdm
dQdc.
II.Trien khai de tai
1.
Nguon tuf lieu
Phan ldn van ban la nhQng bQc
thU

hien dQdc
lou
giQ tai kho
lou
trQ
Hoi Truyen giao nQdc ngoai tai Paris, b toa nha 128 Rue du Bac. Do la thQ
trao ddi giQa Viet Nam va Phap ma tac gia cua chiing la cac thay ca, linh
muc hoac giao dan, ngQdi Viet cung nhQ ngQdi Phap. Noi dung la tQdng
trinh ve viec truyen dao, doi khi la thQ td cao ngQdi xau, viec xau hoac ldi
khuyen ran cua be tren ddi vdi be dQdi. NhQng thQ nay co kich thQdc khac
nhau, thQdng la giay gid, hoac giay tay, nay mau da nga vang, da ron. ChQ
vie't bang but sat,
mifc
den. Moi td dQdc dan vao mot cudng cua mot tap hd
sd ldn,
CO
danh sd trang theo
tOhg
tap. Mdi tap mang mot ky hieu rieng,
nhQ V. 656, V. 681, C6 mot tap khong c6 ky hieu chiing toi da
tif
dat
cho n6 la Vsp, vdi nghla la mot tap
V.
dac
biet.
Dilu dang
qui
ddi vdi ngQdi nghien cQu la
nhuhg

van ban nay deu c6
ghi ro ngay thang b cudi. Viec xac djnh nien dai khong phai dat ra ma con
chinh xac den
tQhg
ngay
tOng
thang.
Ben canh nhung bQc thQ nhuf da noi tren con c6 mpt sd sd tay. Cac
tai lieu nay c6
kich
thQdc khac nhau, c6 the nho, do la nhQng quyen sd,
nhd nhat la 8 cm x 11 cm, khd ldn la
nhOng
bQc thQ, ldn nhat la 21 cm x
31cm. Noi dung nhQng cudn sd co the la ldi hQdng dan each lam
11,
hoac
binh luan vl Nho giao, Phat giao, Lao giao nham
chOng
minh tinh
QU
viet
cua dao Thien Chiia, cung c6 the la nhQng
Icrt
ghi chep ve each dung cac vi
thude Dong y .
NgQdi viet to ra c6 nhQng hieu bie't sau sac ve van hoa cua ngQdi
Viet. Do la nhQng tai lieu c6 ich ddi vdi
nhOhg
nha nghien cuU vl van hoa

xa hoi. Nha ngon ngQ hpc, van
tif
hpc, cung co the nit ra nhQhg dilu bd
ich. Tuy nhien, n6
chi
c6 y nghia nhilu, khi can phai thdng ke de biet tan
sd xuat hien cua cac hien tQdng, vi d6 la nhQng van ban dai con ddi vdi
nhQhg ai
chi
can biet ddn thuan
sif
diln bie'n cua chQ viet thi moi mot cudn
sach d6 chl c6 gia tri nhQ mpt bQc
thif
vi d6
chi
la but tich cua mpt ngifdi b
mpt thdi diem nhat djnh. Chinh vi vay, ddi vdi nhQng sd nay chiing toi
chi
chup mpt vai trang coi nhQ dai dien, con thi ghi chep cac noi dung.
Cac tQ lieu chiing toi thu
iQdm
dQdc va trinh bay b day gdm c6 cac
tap mang ky hieu V. 656,
V.681,
V. 688, V. 689 va Vsp
2.
S\i\x
tam va chu thich
2.1 Bo sung

t\i
lieu
NhQ tren da trinh bay, viec phat hien ra ngudn tQ lieu nay da co tQ
kha lau va ngQdi chu tri
de
tai da
dich
than thu
iQdm ,
song chifa phai da
tron ven ngay
tQ
dau.
TrQdc het c6 mpt ly do bat kha khang la cac ban viet tay nay da dQdc
lou
giQ tQ hai, ba the ky du dQdc bao quan rat tdt, giay van ron, co nhilu
chd rach. Vi vay, chiing toi khong dQdc phep sao chup bang may
photocopy ma phai chup bang may anh thong thQdng. Mat khac, chiing toi
da
d^n
lam viec b kho
lifu
trQ nay chang may vao luc dang c6 sQ
sufa chQ&
nha cufa, phdng anh b do khong lam viec . Chiing toi phai tQ dam dQdng
cong viec nay. VI cd ban, chiing toi da cd gang chup he't nhQhg tQ lieu da
tim dQdc, ke ca nhQhg van ban Nom. Tuy nhien, ket qua khong phai nhQ
da mong mudn, vi hau nhuf chifa cd kinh nghiem gi trong viec chup anh tai
lieu va nhat la sau nay, khi mang vl
nifdc,

do khi hau cua
nifdc
ta am, viec
bao quan khong tdt, mot sd phim va anh
rufa
ra khong cd dQdc chat
iQdng
can thiet .
Khi dang ky de tai nghien cQu nay, chung toi da phai nhd
sif
giup dd
cua mpt sd ban be de chup lai tai Phap mpt sd anh thieu hut nham bo sung
vao bp
sifU
tap cua chiing toi. Gs. Philippe Langlet, Ts Pham Dan Binh tai
Dai hpc Paris 7, nay la Dai hpc Denis Diderot, cung nhQ mpt sd vi
khac
da
tan tinh giup dd toi.
v
Sau khi
sifu
tam kha day du cac tQ lieu trong pham vi c6 the dQdc,
cac phim
diu
dQdc phong ra va
rifa
thanh anh. Cac can bp tham gia de tai
da chep
tQ

anh ra giay de phien chuyen va chu thich.
Day la mot viec lam rat cong phu va ddi hoi b ngQdi thifc hien
nhOng
hieu biet vl ngon ngQ hpc, van
tif
hpc chac chan. Dpc nhQng ddng chQ rat
nho,
doi chd md, mat net va dac biet la vdi each viet khong gidng ngay
nay, ke ca nhQhg chQ viet tat, ldi le lai diln dat khong dQdc ro rang, doi
chd cdn cd nhQhg tQ cd,
choa
he gap, khong
hi
bie't nghia, ngQdi nghien
cQu phai suy luan, tim each giai ma tren cd sd tan sd xuat hien cua cac hien
tQdng,trong
nhQng van canh nhat djnh.
2.2 Phien chuyen va chu thich
Cd the ndi day la mot cong doan thQ hai, dQdc coi la khong kem
phan quan trpng so
vol
cong doan dau.
2.2.1 Le ra sau khi cac van ban dQdc chuyen thanh anh cd the in
nguyen ven len trang sach. Song, dilu dd khong the thifc hien dQdc phan
vi ky thuat in cua ta chifa cho phep
nhOhg
chu yeu la do tinh trang cua cac
anh chup. Nguyen ban la nhQhg trang giay khong dQdc trang, nhilu chd lai
bj thung, rach, anh lai chup khong dQdc tdt nen rat khd dpc.
Vi

vay,
khong cd
each
nao hdn la viet lai va trong khi thifc hien cdng viec nay,
chiing toi da cd gang dat dQdc hai yeu cau :
a/ Dam bao tinh trung thifc tuyet ddi ddi vdi nguyen ban. Trong chQ
Qudc ngQ co b mdi giai doan cd the cd
sif
khac nhau va nhat la cd chd
hoan toan xa la vdi chQ Qudc ngQ hien hanh. Tuy nhien, khong phai
sif
khac biet ay xay ra b ta't ca mpi con chQ. Ngoai each viet nghieng, da sd
con chQ
diu
cd cung dang nhQ chQ Qudc ngQ hien dai. NhQhg con chQ
nhQ vay hoan toan c6 the in lai bang may in hoac may vi tinh thong thQdng
. Chl cd nhQhg con chQ khac dang mdi
dxidc
viet bang tay, mo phong diing
nhQ trong nguyen ban
b/
Dam bao tinh thifc tiln, tQc dl tra, dl tdng ke't va tnfdc het la dl
dpc ddi vdi nhQhg ai it quan tam tdi van
tif,
chi
mudn tim hieu ngon tQ hay
noi dung cua cac van ban ay. Mudn vay, viec diln cac con chQ khac la
bang tay khong nen ghi ngay tren van ban dang chep ma nen ghi bang
mpt con chQ tQdng Qhg trong chQ vie't hien nay kem theo mpt dau hieu ( b
day la nhQhg chQ sd ) de

chi
dan trong mpt bang rieng, dQdc gpi la phan
chu thich. Chiing toi gpi viec lam nay la phien chuyen van ban va
chii
thich van ban.
8
2.2.2 DQdng nhien thupc pham vi cong viec chu thich khdng phai
chi c6 vay. Ngoai nhQhg
tif
dang khac la cdn ca nhQhg
tQ
viet tat, nhuhg tQ
khd hieu, do cd nghla cd hoac
nhOng
tQ ma ngay nay khong cdn
nQa.
Dd
la chifa ke de'n ten gpi can dat cho
tOhg
van ban, hoac nien dai cua chung.
TrQdc mat chiing ta la hang loat bQc thQ . De tien cho viec chi dan
sau nay,
vi^c
dat
t§n
cho mdi van ban la can thiet. Cach lam ddn gian la
danh sd hoac ma hoa theo mot
each
nao do. Nhuhg de ngifdi dpc dl hinh
dung, chiing toi da dung bien phap kep. Ngoai chQ sd dQdc coi la ky hieu

cua van ban, dQdc lap tren thQ tQ cua chiing trong toan tap sach
dxia
tren
nien dai tQ sdm den muon, mdi bQc thQ, tQc mdi van ban cdn cd tieu de do
ngQdi bien tap dat ra, can cQ vao noi dung cua van ban. Dd la ten gpi Qdc
djnh chQ khong thupc van ban gdc nen chiing toi chi ghi trong
thif
muc va
trong mpt trang rieng dat b dau mdi
tif
lieu. Van ban gdc chi bat dau sau
hang chQ Phien
chux^en
. Do vay, ngQdi dpc khdng nen lay lam la rang cd
bQc thQ b tren ghi ro ten ngQdi
gift,
cd bQc
thif
thi khdng. Neu nguyen ban
cd thi chung tdi de nguyen va ghi dQdi ddng chQ Phien
chuxjen,
neu khdng
cd thi thdi.
VI nien dai cua mdi tQ lieu cung dQdc chu thich ngay ben canh ten
gpi cua bQc thQ . Dilu nay la can thie't cho viec nghien cQu va tranh cho
ngQdi dpc khdi phai truy tim. Theo tap quan vie't thQ hdi bay gid, ngay
thang do tac gia viet, ghi b cudi thQ, khdng ghi b dau thQ nhQ chiing ta
ngay nay. Cd bQc thQ ghi ca ngay thang am ljch lan nam dQdng ljch, chang
han :
-"

Canh
hOhg
nhj thap nien tQ ngoat nhj thap
ciiu
nhat ( 1759
)"
Cung cd bQc thQ chi ghi ngay thang am ljch thdi. NgQdi bien tap
phai ddi chie'u vdi dQdng ljch, rdi ghi rieng, ben canh ten cua tai lieu trong
mpt trang rieng, ma khdng
tQ
y bd sung vao nguyen ban.
Dd la chifa ke, ddi trQdng hdp ( rat it ) thQ khdng cd ngay thang,
nhOhg
b gdc trang giay cd ghi ngay thang cua ngQdi thu thQ, khi tiep nhan
tQ lieu va sap xep chiing vao hd sd
lifu
trQ. Cung cd trQdng hdp ngQdi bien
tap phai can
cQ
vao sd trang cua tQ lieu trong hd sd, so vdi tQ lieu b trang
trQdc dd hoac sau do, vdn cd nien dai de suy ra nien dai cua
tif
lieu dang
xet. NhQhg viec lam nhQ
the diu
thupc pham vi cdng viec chu thich .
VI nhQhg tQ cd, trong
chOng
mQc cd the suy ra dQdc, do van canh
va do sd lan xuat hien, cung dQdc ghi vao chu thich. NhQhg rat tiec la hien

nay chiing tdi
vin
chifa chu thich dQdc nhQhg tQ nifdc ngoai thQdng gap
trong thQ. Dd la nhQng chQc vj cua cac nhan vat dQdc de cap den, ten
nhQhg ngay ll, ten nhuhg hinh phat, ten cac vj thanh, tham chi ten cac
ddng
tu.
NhQhg tQ nay thQdng khdng phai la tQ tie'ng Phap va chung tdi
khdng cd du dilu kien de tra cQu . Hy vpng rang trong tQdng lai, vdi du
thdi gian, kinh phi va vdi
sif
tham gia cua cac giao
si
cd hieu biet sau vl
dao Thien chua, chung tdi mdi lam dQdc.
Cung can phai ndi them rang chung toi da
thif
nghiem ca hai each
danh sd nhQhg tQ can chu thich. Theo each thQ nhat, tat ca nhQhg tQ cd
chung mpt dang can chu thich
diu
mang mot chi sd. Theo each thQ hai,
mdi tQ can chu thich
diu
mang mpt chi sd rieng. Cach thQ nhat se cho
mdt ban chu thich cd phan ddn gian hdn. Cach thQ hai tuy cd ve
nfdm
ra
song tdt hdn nhilu, thuan ldi cho viec tdng ket va khi can thiet kiem tra
ngQdc mot hien tQdng nao dd cd the tra cQu rat nhanh, rat chinh xac.

3.
NhiJng
ngifdi tham gia
De thQc hien de tai nay da phai huy ddng mot dpi ngu can bp
chuyen mdn vl ngdn ngQ hpc say
sifa
vdi de tai, vi chi cd nhQ vay mdi du
10
kien tri de lam viec va dam bao chat
Iifdng
cao. Hau het cac can bo deu da
tiflig
nghien
ciifu
ve
chO
Quoc
nguf,
c/
trinh do dai hoc, hoac sau dai hpc.
1.
Doan Thien Thuat, Gs. Pts, chuyen day ve nguf am va van
tii.
2.
Pham Nhuf Quynh, can bo nghien cufU cua Tmng tam NCVN &
GLVH, Luan van cuf nhan ( 1992
)
viet ve
chiJ
Quoc

ngO
3.
Nguyen thi
Phu'cfng
Trang, can bo giang day khoa Ngon
ngtJ
hoc,
Dai hoc KHXH & NV, chuyen day
Ngu!
am va van
tu"
4.
D6
Tien Thang, can bo giang day Ngon
ngu!
hpc
cua Khoa Van,
Dai hpc KHXH & NV, chuyen ve nguf am va van tuf
5.
Nguyin thi Bach Nhan, can bp giang day Ngon
ngiJ
hpc, khoa
Van DHSP Hue, tac gia Luan an PTS ( 1994
)
ve cha Quoc
ngiJ
6. Vo Xuan Que, can bp nghien
cilu
vien Ngon
ngCJ

hpc, dang
nghien
ciAi
ve
chiJ Qudc ngiJ
.
III.
Ket qua dat
d\idc,
1.
Cac tuf lieu da
sxiu
tam dxidc
Trong pham vi
ciia
de tai, chung tdi da
sifU
tam dQdc 42 van ban,
hoan toan nit tQ kho
lOU
trQ cua Hdi Truyin giao nQdc ngoai tai Paris.
NhQhg tQ lieu nay da dQdc chup,
rifa
ra anh rdi tQ anh viet ra giay. Chiing
da dQdc phien chuyen, chu thich va
sin
sang de cdng bd. Tat ca dQdc tap
hdp theo thQ
tif
,nien dai nhQ sau:

1.
ThQ cua Domigo Long
girt
thay ca
Gabriel
( 1687 ), ky hieu V.681
(tr.
5)
2.
Thif
cua Dominhgo Long
girt
thay ca Bispo Luys ( 1687 ), ky hieu
V.681
(tr lib)
3.
Thu
cua Michael Catechista Tunkin lam (1688), ky hieu
V.681
(tr
21-22)
n
4.ThLf
Dionysio Catechista Dong Kinh
(tiep
), ( 1688 ), ky hieu V. 681
(tr.25)
5.
Td khieu oan cua Pe Long Gonsaga Sacedote (1701), ky hieu V.662
(tr 353)

6.
Thii
minh oan cho Vitvo Auren
b nif6c
Dong Kinh (1703), ky hieu V.
656
(I)
(tr281)
7.
Thif
cua Domini Thinh trinh bay ve viec bi hanh hung
(1706),
ky hieu
V.
656 (I) (tr 325-326)
8.
Thif
tap the
giii
Cadinale bao cao tinh hinh xau trong viec dao b
nxibc
Dong Kinh
tCf
1625 den 1701 ( 1702 ), ky hieu 656
(I) (tr
313-319 )
9. Thuf cua Pe Lui nhac
nhd
cac thay ca
giijf

dung le luat nha thanh,
(1732),
ky hieu
Vsp.
(tri
1-16)
10.
Quy dinh ve viec
ciidi
xin : nop cheo va lam phep
Matrimonio
(1754),
ky hieu
V.688(tr
501)
11.
Thif
cua
Phcro
Triem
Sasedote
(1754) ky hieu V.688 (tr 506)
12.
Tap the ky nhan vao mpt ban an (1754), ky hieu V.688 (tr 508)
13.
Thif
Pe Lui
girt
cho cac thay ca va anh em bon dao
giCf

le luat thanh
Igheresa (1755), ky hieu Vsp (tr 5-10).
14.
Thif
cua cu Lui Huy phe phan cap
difdi
(1759), ky hieu V.689
(tr 259-260)
15.
Dan
cua giao dan xin
dxiac
lay
ngUcfi
da chet (1760), ky hieu V. 689
(tr
261-263)
16.
Thif
cua thay
Tif
Dan
gifi
be tren ve viec hay tin mot vu
tnfng.
phat
chxia
ro (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 426)
17.
Thif

td cao cua thay
Tif
Dan (1759) ky hieu V.689 (tr 426)
12
18.
Thif
cua thay Bao Loc (1759) ky hieu V.689 (tr 428)
19.
Thif
cua Juan Hien Catore trinh bay tinh hinh bat hoa
giite
cac thay
ca (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 432- 433)
20.
Tap the giao dan td cao thay ca Dat (1759), ky hieu V.689, (tr 434)
21.
Thif
td cao viec bat ngifdi, danh ngifdi (1759), ky hieu V.689
(tr 435)
22.
Thif
cua Juse
giii
cho ong Dien khuyen nen lo viec minh,
difrig
nhung
tay vao viec ngifdi khac, (1759),ky hieu V.689 (tr 436)
23.
Thif
cua ong Dien

gifi
thay ca Juse , ( 1759), ky hieu V 689
(tr.
437 )
24.
Vitvo huyen Ngpc Son gufi nam
nCf
bdn dao Bien
Scfn
(1759), ky hieu
V. 689 (tr 438)
25.
Dan tap the phan ddi hai vu phat va vo ly (1759),ky hieu V. 689
(tr 467- 468)
26.
Lang Huy
giii Difc
Cu (1759) ky hieu V.689, (tr 529)
27.
Thif
cua mot thay ca
girt Difc
Cu hoi y kien ve viec den lam phuc tai
nPi
da
CO
thay ca khac den tnfdc roi (1760), ky hieu V.689 (tr 529)
28.
Philiphe Thong
gifi Difc

Cu (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 530)
29.
Jesu Chau
gifi Difc
cu ( 1759 ) ky hieu V.689
(tr
530 )
30.
Tifdng
trinh cua xa VTnh Tri ve nhom ngifdi la mat den xa gay rdi
(1760),
ky hieu V.689 (tr 463)
31.
Tap the giao dan
dia
phan phu Thai khieu oan cho cu chinh Tri va
Difc
Vitvo Luy (1760), ky hieu V.689 (tr 469-470)
32.
Tap the
nxjl
giao dan dong cau rut
Difc
chua Jesu
gifi
Toa thanh td cao
cac thay dong Domingo gay kho dl cho hp (1760 ), ky hieu V. 689( tr
470 - 472)
13
33.

Thif
Duminh Phuc
gifi
Dufc Cu xin y kien ve viec
di
lam phuc
ncfi
nao
^
ky hieu V.689 (tr 527)
34.
Td lam
chufrig
cua Matheu Dong Catechista (1761) ky hieu V.689
(tr 527)
35.
Thif
cho Padre khuyen bao
each
cu"
xii
cho phu hpp, ky hieu
Vsp (tr 24)
36.
Huan thi cua Pe Trung Provicarlo Generale (1783), ky hieu Vsp
(tr 38 - 76)
37.
Thif ciia
Jacobe Elento Vitvo Gortinense (1792), ky hieu Vsp
(tr 125- 130)

38.
Thuf
ciia
Patre
Vit
vd Jacobe
giii
chi em giao dan dang trong
(1792)
ky hieu Vsp (tr 131- 137)
39.
Huan thi cua Pe Jacobe Vit vd Gortinense
giii
cac thay ca nhan dip sap
vao mua chay (1802), ky hieu Vsp (tr 161-163)
40.
Thif
cua Pe Jacobe Vit vd Gortinense b dang ngoai
giii
cac thay ca An
nam b dang trong nhan dip Tet Nguyen Dan
(1818),
ky hieu Vsp (tr
230-
232)
41.
Thif ciia
Pe Jacobe Vit vd Gortinense sap vao mua chay ca (1825),
ky hieu Vsp (tr
250-251)

Cac van ban
difpc
dong thanh 2 tap , vdi ldi Hudng din su dung
sach b dau tap I
2.
Ket qua khoa hoc.
Nhin vao bang liet ke cac
tif
lieu tren, ta dl dang nhan ra may
diem
sau:
14
2.1 Van ban 1 cd nien dai 1687, van ban 41 vao 1825, nhQ vay la
cac tQ lieu da trai ra sudt 125 nam, lap
kin
mdt giai doan ma trQdc day con
thieu tQ lieu. Dd la giai doan tQ sau Alexandre de Rhodes de'n dau the ky
XIX.
Cudn TQ dien Viet
-
La tinh cua P. de
Behaine
vao trQdc nam 1975
cung khdng
hi
dQdc biet tdi. Hau het cac nha nghien cQu
diu
cho rang nd
da bj chay trong mpt vu hoa hoan. Le Ngpc Tru cung cd nhac tdi cudn tQ
dien nay va chi

difa
ra dQdc mot trang dau. Chi vao thap ky 80 nay, ngifdi
ta mdi tim thay nd trong kho
iQU
trQ cua Hdi Truyin giao nQdc ngoai b
Paris.
Nd dxiac chuyen sang ThQ vien Qudc gia Phap va trong tinh hinh
chinh trj mdi,
thQ
vien nay mdi
girt
tang cho Vien Han Ndm tai Ha Ndi mpt
ban sao chup.
So vdi yeu cau cua de tai la
sifu
tam
tif
lieu chQ Qudc ngQ the ky
XVlll
thi chung tdi da vQdt yeu cau. NhQng tQ lieu cd dQdc vao cudi the ky
XVlll
va mpt phan
tQ
the ky
XIX
cho phep ta ddi chieu vdi nhQng
tQ
lieu da
bie't va cd dQdc nhQng nhan djnh khac di. TrQdc day ngQdi ta chi biet rang
cac van nay vie't la

"
ong, ong,
ung " thi vao thdi ky A. de Rhodes va sau
dd mpt chut dQdc viet vdi dau tilde b tren nguyen am thay cho
"ng'
b cudi,
tiJc
la
difdi
dang " ao, ou, u, " va den P. de Behaine thi c6
sif
thay doi han,
cac van d6
dxiac
viet vdi ng b cudi
nhif
ngay nay .
Nhif
vay la c6 mot
sif
dot
bien .
Vdi
tif
lieu phong phu hien nay, ngifdi ta khong the ndi den
sif
dot
bien ay. Tnidc P. de Behaine, b giao si ngifdi Phap ten la Lui da c6
sif
xuat

hien
each
viet cac van d6 vdi ng b cudi
nhifrig
cdn song song vdi viec dung
dau tilde. P. de Behaine da chiu anh
hifdng ciia
Lui, ngifdi ddng
hifpng ciia
ong va ong da viet vdi ng,
nhurig
ben canh ong, b
nhOrig
ngifdi ddng thdi
vdi ong, van co viec
sii
dung dau tilde va
each
viet nay lai pho bien
hem.
Sau nay, Taberd trong cudn
Tif dien
Viet - La tinh, da theo P. de Behaine
i«;
Viet cac van dd vdi ng . Anh hQdng nay la chac chan, vi chinh tac gia da
ndi rd ra rang tac pham nay cua dng la
dxia
vao cudn tQ dien cua P. de
Behaine,
dng dQdng nhQ chi

sifa
sang lai va cho xuat ban. Tdm lai, den
thdi gian dd van cd sQ song song cua hai
each
viet,
nhUhg
do chd tQ dien
cua Taberd dQdc in ra, nd dQdc phd bien rdng rai hdn va cdn dQdc
iQU
truyen sang the he sau, vi vay ma each viet vdi ng cua dng dQdc thang the.
Cudn
tQ
dien dQdc in
ra,
da ddng gdp vao viec the che hoa each viet, trong
khi
each
viet cua tac gia nay cung chi la mdt trong sd each viet khac nhau
cua mpi ngQdi luc dQdng thdi.
2.2 Vdi 41 van ban mdi sQU tam dxiac khdng nhQhg cd the ndi
nhQhg mdc ldn trong sQ phat trien cua chQ Qudc ngQ de c6 dQdc mot bQc
tranh toan canh vl ljch
sii
hinh thanh chQ Qudc ngQ ma cdn gdp phan vao
viec lam sang td nhilu van de trong viec nghien cQu ngQ am ljch suf tiehg
Viet, viec nghien cQu tie'ng dja phifdng, nghien cQu nhQhg tQ cd, nghien
cQu
cau tnic cau trQdc kia, tdm lai la ndi chung vl ljch suf tiehg Viet. Dd la
chifa ke nhieu dilu bd ich cd the rut ra dQdc gdp phan nghien cQu ljch
sQ

-
xa hdi Viet Nam.
Viec khai thac cac
tQ
lieu nay la mot bQdc
nOa
se phai lam. Hien nay,
trong pham vi di tai da dang ky chiing tdi mdi chi hoan thanh cac cdng
viec cua bQdc mdt.
IV. De nghi
1.
NhQ tren da ndi, day la mdt tap tQ lieu quy chifa
tOhg
cd b Viet
Nam. Nd cd gia trj vl mat thQc tiln va c6 tinh thdi sQ cao. Nay can in ra
dxiac cang sdm cang tdt nham phuc vu gidi nghien cQu va ddng dao quan
chiing cd quan tam.
16
2.
Trong khudn khd ngan sach cua Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, chung
tdi mudn dang ky mpt de tai de tiep tuc cdng viec
viia
lam, nham thifc hien
cdng
viec-cua
bQdc hai.
Chu thich
^
Nguyin
Khk

Xuyen da
vi^t
trdn 20
b^i
nghien
ciru
v^
chQ"
Qu6c
ngu-
dang tren cac tap chf nhu
Vdn
hod nguyet san , Bach
khoa,
Viet Nam khdo
cotgp
san
,v.v tai
mien Nam, va nhieu tap chf khac tai
nudrc
ngoai . 6ng chu y
nhi^u
de'n
Tir di^n
Viet - B6 - La va giao sy Ddc Ld ( Alexandre de Rhodes )
2
D6 Quang Chinh, Lich
sUchu
Quoc
nga 1620,1659

Nxb Ra khai,
S^i
Gon 1972. Ong cung viet 3 bai
nghien cuu khac
dSng
trong cac tap chf a
mi^n
Nam trudc 1975
^
Thanh Lang
"
Nhutig chang ducmg cua chG vie't Quoc ngQ" dang tren tap chf
Dqi hpc
s6'l va s6' 2, Hue',
1961.
Ong da ciing D6 Quang Chfnh dich
TCtdien
An nam - Lasitan -
Latin,
Vien KHXH, Tp HCM,
1991
* Hoang Phe, chii bien cud'n
Vdn
de cdi tien
chu
Quoc
ngCt,
Nxb Van
hoa.
Ha

n6i,
1961. 6ng c6n
1^
tac
gia nhieu bai nghien curu
v^
va'n de
chiJ
Qud'c ngil, dang tren tap chf Nghien
cUu
vdn hoc sd' 2, 5, 6 /
1961
^
Hoang
Xuan
Han
"
Mdl vai van kien bang
Qu6c
am tang tru
a
Au chau dang
a Dgi hpc
sd'
10,
Hue'
1959
^
Hdi thao da diln ra trong 4 ngay 21, 28,30/9/1959 va 7/10/1960 tai Ha ndi. Bao cao dl
din

va cac tham
luan
diu
ducrc trong ky yeu vai ten
la
"Van
de
cdi tien chu Qudc ngu:, Nxb Van
hoa.
Ha ndi 1961
^
Nguyin thi Bach Nhan, Su bie'n
d6i
cac
hinh
thuc
chiJ Qudc
ngu tu 1620 - 1877, luan an pho tien
sT
NgCr
van, Dai hoc Su pham Ha ndi I 1994
^ Tr^n
Thu Nga, ChQ Qud'c ngu the ky XVII - XVIII, Luan van cu nhan Ngu van, Dai hoc Tong hap Ha
noi,
1990, ban viet tay chua xua't ban
Nguyin Qud'c Hung, Chu Qud'c ngu the' ky XVIII - XIX, Luan van cu nhan NgQ van, Dai hpc Tong hop
Ha ndi 1991, Ban viet tay chua xua't ban.
Pham Nhu Quynh, Nhung va'n dl chfnh ta va ngu am trong cac cud'n Tu dien the ky XVIII -
XIX,
Luan

van cu nhan NgQ van, Dai hoc Tdng hap Ha ndi, 1992.
'*
Nguyin Tai Can va Nonna V. Stankievitch " Vl mdt so van ban the ky XVIII vua phat hien
duqc
a mdt
kho
luu
tru tai Paris " trong To qudc sd' 38 / 1982. Trong bai nay cac tac gia giai thieu chung cac van ban
vie't bang chu Ndm va bang chQ Qud'c ngu va cdng viec sao chup cac tu
lieu ciia
Doan 'Thien Thuat tai
Paris
'"
Nonna V. Stankievitch " Ve mot so van ban van xudi viet bang chu Qud'c ngu thl ky
XVII
- XVIII, hien
con luu giQ duoc
a
Paris
"
trong
Tcip
chi Khoa
hgc
sd'
4/1991,
tap chf cua trucmg Dai hoc
T6ng hgp
Ha
ndi.

Tac gia mieu ta kha ky cac van ban vl so luang, tlnh hinh luu giu ( ky hieu, nien dai va ca
hinh
thuc,
kfch thuac cua
ti^g
van ban ). Hai Gs Nguyin Tai Can, N V. Stankievitch va tdi co may man dugc vao
kho luu trQ cua Hdi Truyin giao nudc ngoai ciing mot lugt. Mdi nguai cd nhung quan tam khac nhau. Gs
Stankievitch chu y de'n
tir
vung va ngQ phap tie'ng Viet trong qua khu. Ba vui
mimg
tim dugc cac van ban
van xudi vd'n ra't hie'm, vl trudc day
h£iu
nhu chi cd van van, Gs Nguyin Tai Can
thi chii
y de'n
each each
ghi tie'ng Viet bang chQ Ndm qua cac thdi ky dl
tim
hieu lich
sir
ngQ
am
tilng Viet, con tdi thl ehu y de'n
hinh
thuc eua chQ Qud'c ngQ trong pham vi van tu hpc va phan nao de'n ngQ
am
lich su . Hai tae gia tren do
thdi gian luu tni ngdn, chi cd the dpc va ghi chep dugc thdi cdn viec chup anh do tdi dam nhiem.

KUN&I^