Nghiên cứu việc xây dựng và tổ chức thực hiện chương trình du lịch tình nguyện trên địa bàn Hà Nội

1

§¹i häc quèc gia hµ néi
tr-êng ®¹i häc khoa häc x· héi vµ nh©n v¨n



NGUYỄN THỊ VÂN DUNG





NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC XÂY DỰNG VÀ TỔ CHỨC
THỰC HIỆN CHƯƠNG TRÌNH DU LỊCH TÌNH
NGUYỆN TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN HÀ NỘI





LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ DU LỊCH






Hà Nội, 2013

§¹i häc quèc gia hµ néi
tr-êng ®¹i häc khoa häc x· héi vµ nh©n v¨n



NGUYỄN THỊ VÂN DUNG








NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC XÂY DỰNG VÀ TỔ CHỨC THỰC
HIỆN CHƯƠNG TRÌNH DU LỊCH TÌNH NGUYỆN TRÊN
ĐỊA BÀN HÀ NỘI



Chuyên ngành: Du lịch
(Chương trình đào tạo thí điểm)


LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ DU LỊCH


NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. HÀ VĂN SIÊU

Hà Nội, 2013



MỤC LỤC
DANH MỤC MÔ HÌNH VÀ BIỂU ĐỒ 7
MỞ ĐẦU 8
 8
 9
 10
 10
 11
 12
CHƢƠNG 1 CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ DU LỊCH TÌNH NGUYỆN 14
  14
 14
 15
 16
 18
 20
 20
 22
 22
 23
 26
 26
 27

 27
 27
 28
 28
 29
 30
 30

  33
  34
 34
 35
 36
 37
CHƢƠNG 2 HOẠT ĐỘNG XÂY DỰNG VÀ TỔ CHỨC THỰC
HIỆN CHƢƠNG TRÌNH DU LỊCH TÌNH NGUYỆN TRÊN ĐỊA
BÀN HÀ NỘI 40
 40
 40


2.1.2 42
 43
2.1.4. C 
 44
 50
 55
 55
 56
 57

 57
 
 59
 60


CSDS) 60
 60
  63
 64
2.4.4. T  64
 68
CHƢƠNG 3 CÁC GIẢI PHÁP THÚC ĐẨY HOẠT ĐỘNG XÂY
DỰNG VÀ TỔ CHỨC THỰC HIỆN CHƢƠNG TRÌNH DU LỊCH
TÌNH NGUYỆN TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN HÀ NỘI 72
 72
 73
3.2.1 74
 75
 76
KẾT LUẬN 81
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 83

DANH MỤC MÔ HÌNH VÀ BIỂU ĐỒ
 lo  18
1.2: ng ho  27
 ca DLTN 31

DANH MỤC BẢNG BIỂU

Bng 1.1ch gn vi DLTN  21
Bng 1.2c c  32
Bi Vit Nam  39
B, t chc ti Vit Nam 45
Bng 2.4 SWOT 36

MỞ ĐẦU

1. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
ng ca du lch hi t mi,
i nghim
nhng ci l. Du lch hi mang li cm 
 ng
i xung quanh, th mt ct, nh 
n nt. Nhng lo nhi
 bi gi Vic bi
t loch thc s  n du lch bn vng 
 ng mi cu.
i nim tuy mng nhu ca thp k 70)
 t lo
bi gii. Ti Vi n
c       c t   t chung c   ng
 gi dng tia Vii
cho mch nhng li
 vi nhr mng tri nghim m
i non tr ng du hic cho mt s
ng mnh m c nhng nhu cc
bit v mt tinh thi hip vu kin ca du
lch ti Vit Nam hiu lo Vit Nam cho
n nay vt v i m c s ng,
c ta bi lo DLTN . So vi
c c, th ng t chc, doanh nghip l 
vic m r     Nhn thy DLTN  t ti  n cho hot
ng kinh doanh du lc bit vi vin phm  a
i, ng thi  th ng du lch cho  c ta ,

  ch u vi chc thc hi
Du l Ni u c


2. Lịch sử nghiên cứu vấn đề
 gii, nhu v DLTN 
ng h thu v DLTN
ca nhi gii. Lu yu tham khn DLTN t
u ting Anh. Nhu ni ting v DLTN 
 gi thu th t trong s nhu tham kho
quan trng ch yu   k 
Volunteer tourism-Experiences that make a difference c   Stephen
i h, Sydney, Australia: Cung cp nh khoa
hc cho vic tip cn DLTN. Cung cp m    i ng ca
DLTN u, ngun l n ca m mi. Cu
t nhng lc v mi, 
u ki hong du l
New Horizons in Tourism Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices c
n du lch, Lucknow, t khi
t ln v   du lu rt nhing hng
du lch mi ca th gii hic bing du l
n, du l.
Journey of discovery in Volunteer Tourism, International Case Studay
Perspectives ca Kevin D.Lyons   i hc Newca   
 i hc K thu    s 
trin ca DLTN, nhng ho nh sc mnh ci
quan h phc tp gi th trong hong du l gi
c ch tham gia,
h tr n DLTNng h  DLTN 
gi    m thu th c t       c

trn DLTN hin ti mt s  gii
 du l 
th lit v c qua
u trong nhc s h tr, tham gia ca nhiu
t ch du l gii.


Ti Vit Nam, hong DLTN  i m n
c nhiu s a c cu nhu
 DLTN ti Vi  dng ngu
ty, t ch DLTN cung ci tp hn v
ng ch tn ti dt nh i
n  Vit Nam. Ru v DLTN
ti Viy trong thm hin ti.
3. Mục đích và ý nghĩa nghiên cứu của đề tài
M Thng nhu v DLTN, nhng ln ca
i v ch, doanh nghi, vi
c vn d n
c titrin chung ca DLTN  gii Vit Nam,
  m nh    c tr  ng, t chc thc hi  
DLTN ca  ch, doanh nghi chc thc hin 
DLTN ng kinh nghim chung v kinh doanh sn phm
  i bn ch      c va mang li li nhun cho doanh
nghip, v n ca ci
ng tri nghim mi, k nn th
cuc sng). T nhng nhnh ca  ch, doanh nghip l  
phong trong vic t ch  i vi kt qu   t
 ng gi xut mang tc tin nhn du
ln ti Vit Nam.
  c nhp mt h tht v lo

DLTN, mang ln, c th loch mm
 mt nhn thi v  i; kt qu
u c    n cho s n ca hong du lch  Vit
ng DLTN 
cn phm du lp l i.
4. Đối tƣợng và phạm vi nghiên cứu
V u:


- Lo ng l
ch, c ch, doanh nghip
n.
-  chc thc hia mt s t chc,
, doanh nghi i.
V phn cu: Phu c 
v n nhc tin v DLTN, thc trn
DLTN Vit Nam hin nay so v          gii.
ng thi ti   cu ho  ng, t chc thc hi  
DLTN ca  ch, doanh nghi a
t s u khc t.
V  i hn thc hin khi mt s t chc,
, doanh nghi i.
V thu ch yc ting thi
c tim b
dng th cu.
5. Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu
u c s du c
bao gm:
 u
Tiu th cm, tham

kh u sc
bing ti
du li ca  ch, doanh
nghin ti Vit Nam.
a
t trong nhu du l
cho kt qu c. Vic khng m
l thing nhng tour DLTN tr 
v thi gian, l  thi. Khi tic t s u kin hiu
 c t chc bi  ch, doanh nghip kinh doanh


n   i chiu, b sung hoc
si nhn thit.
ng v
  dng v: phng vn mt s 
nh t chc lo li
phng vn ca h  c t nht v nhn thm, kh 
 c ti    ch  c hin c   a  
ch, doanh nghin hin nay.
V p l  
ch s hua t chc   t
nh v ho chc thc hi
DLTN cp l i.

mch quc t, mt doanh nghi
vc t ch.
ch PYS travel    i
ch na t ch
lch .

 t
ng t t kiu cho t
V ch la chu phng vi din t chc
CSDS, t chnh ph ti duy nhn phm tr
ca h chc thc hit nhi

 dng mt s 
i chiu, png hp.
6. Nội dung chủ yếu của đề tài
n m t lun, ph lu tham kh 
nn vi ba 
 n v du ln


C: Ho  chc thc hi  
nguyi
y ho ch
li.


CHƢƠNG 1
CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ DU LỊCH TÌNH NGUYỆN

1.1. Sự hình thành và phát triển du lịch tình nguyện
1.1.1. 
Tr li nh  u ca du lch trong lch s  k  t
ng ngoc bi u hc tu bin
mnh tn  
l ni ting c u bi
c gn ng mt

 s n thu ca du lch quc t
ch bi. C nh 
khin cho du lch t mc tn dng ch cho du l
mm cnh.
T nha cup, nhu cu gi
n nhu cu v  thc hin chuy
sau nhng tin bn cng sng bing b, bn
cht ca du l c s dng
ch, gi 
 ch ti s ng.
Thut ng c g
lch  -5-1941 khi chuy
Cook thc hi ga Ln min Bc Anh. T l
trin t ch c tr c triu
n th k 19, du l
phi mt vi cng ba bi h  
ngm qua nhng chi trong nhng
n su n xut hin
cm t  n  t ca du lch quc t  hing
 c t     xp x 25,3 tri   n 625 tri  


     p t du l t mc 445 triu USD (UNWTO,
00 tri gim 11%
tng sn phm quc ni ca th gii.
S a du lt qu ca s  thi gian ri, thu nhp,
ci thin h thu ht trong truyn
 nhiu loi ti mt s
khu vc b bii. Trong khi hu ht nhc v nhng 
cc ca du l         ri   

ngoi l. Du li r mt chn
ng ngu 
n li nhu
t khon tin rt nh m tham quan du lch
 i ngung khu ngh ng sang tr
nhu cho s ng ca du ln du lc
qun d ca s ng l
tc bi c
 c tr  d ng 
ch  chuyi c li sng t cp, t n thng
sang mt li si sng ph thuc. Cu hp dng
c nhng nhu cu ci d
n thng. Kt qu ca s n t 
t hin mt li sng gi to
Nhng c ca du l
i sn dn s xut hin ca du lch thay
th (hay du l)
1.1.2. 
Du lch thay th c gi nhi
ch la chn, du lch  na sau ca th k
m loch mi loi
y sinh nhu cu nhu cu khng
nh ch ng tri. Du lch mo hi


loch thay th n  ph bin ca
p ch n th ng m 
chn chuy cm thp nht vi mong mung thi
va v i c
n sau ca du lch thay th, loch

 i lp hn vi lo b
du l n t na ph
cu ca th ng v ng  nh ng nhu cu ca
 [21, tr.82] p ct ngun t 
m  v u trong quy ho
muy, loch thay th mang li nhiu ngun l
loi ra nhng ng xy s  i quyn quyt
nh nhng v mu chng s quy ch

1.1.3. 
 th ca du lch thay th  
 bin. Du l
g  ca nhiu tho lun trong hi ngh p quc v 
u khon v du lu chng ti s
bn v m bo gim thiu ng xn. Tr
 ng, cng sinh h
nhi yu t o tc. Kt qu i
t hich thay th.
Thng kt hp hon vi l 
ng mi. Trong thc tt hin c c  rt nhiu n
 giy th,
 nhch v i
chuya hng manh nha ca lo 
t chc Peace Corps (Mng M p
 chn DLTN tr c bit
i hc Michigan phc


v c t
trin. T   ch  ng

hiu ngh  gii.
T ch    u rt nhi       h 
ch v   cp

nhii nh      n ca
Peace Cops tc v  c v HIV -  
o v 
ht, cng hit mc trng yi n
i cho D 
n khn cp s a AIDS ca tng thng Ma
  c sng tn
 hng ca h na. Du ln hic s
 ca Peace Corps trong
ving ca lo 
n   ng c n ca

i ca mng
Cho tn mu
  ng. Theo cu     t c    
a (55%) nhc phng vn cho bi 
mun tham d mt cuc ngh t hp vng
c: trong s ng vt mt
chuyn du l nhn ba
u trin vng h s tham gia mt chuy 
tham gia cho bit r h s li tham gia na. [18, tr.82]
ch my 
i hc George Washington, trong mt di 
c r tr t trong nhng lo
du lu ti th ng Hoa K. DLTN nt “xu hướng giải trí thời

thượng” c mun m ri l h p tu
u m ng DLTN  Hoa K  ng
 [24, tr.100]
1.2. Khái niệm du lịch tình nguyện
Trong ti   u thut ng  ch    ourism,
nh
  gii v DLTN ca rt nhiu t ch  
 Theo t n Wikipedia:
i cho mi to ra s c trong
cuc sng ca nhi thi
hoi cho mi  hu ha
tui sng    c, tri nghim n
c tic hi nhi th gi.
(Volunteer vacations are an oppoturnity for people to make an difference in the
lives of the others or to help improve and contribute to society, culture or the
environment while on vacation.It is also a chance for people of nearly any age to
immerse themselves in foreign or challenging circumstances, experiences a different
culture first-hand and learn more about the world they live in.)
      olunteer tourism - A experience makes a

ng kt hp du lch vng
cho nht nhin theo m chc, thc
him m tr hoc gi vt ch
i trong xi, bo tn mng nhnh ho
v
(Volunteer tourism is the phenomenon combining travel with voluntary work,
applies to those tourists who, for various reasons, volunteer in a organized way to
undertake holidays that might involve aiding or alleviating the maerial poverty of some
groups in society, the restoration of certain environment or reaseach into aspects of

society or environment)


 Du l
ci hc James Cook l
n
tr ti o t gii vi m
n vng nhm h tr n cu khoa hc
o tn h 
(Volunteer tourism make use of holiday- makers who volunteer to fund and work
on social or conservation projects around the world and aim to provide sustainable
alternative travel that can assist in community developments, scientific research or
ecological restoration.)
 
 kt hp la dch v 
nguyn  n vu t truyn thng ca l ch  thut,
ch s  
(In a more refined and balanced approach, VolunTourism is the integrated
combination of voluntary service to a destination with the traditional elements of
travel and tourism - arts, culture, geography, history, and recreation - while in the
destination.)
qua m v DLTN c  gi
gi nhn thy vic la chn s dng  DLTN ca T chc Peace Corps, t chc
 ngi p ra lo  u DLTN t ti lu
. T ch  v DLTN mng nh
p vi DLTN ti Vit Nam hin nay 
  n, du l     kt hp ca hai t du l  
nguyn. Du l tng hp nhng yu t tt nht ca l 
l thung t 
h  n bao gm tu t


(Very simply, VolunTourism is a combination of the words volunteerism and
tourism. VolunTourism integrates the best of travel and tourism – arts, culture, ography,


heritage sites, the natural environment, and recreation – with the opportunity to serve
and enhance the destination – its people, places, and thing).
 t s :
 m ca du l, du lch thay th.
 c du l 
 c
  ng vic thit k n m c
bo tn hon. c bo t m
   v
  y tn
kinh to tn di s
1.3. Một số khái niệm liên quan tới du lịch tình nguyện

Mô hình 1.1: Sơ đồ loại hình DLTN [24, tr.82]
1.3.1. 
Nhm ca du lch thay th  Stephen Wearing
i ngh n trong Weaver 1991:
DL Nông nghiệp
Agritourism
Văn hóa
Cultural


Du lịch sinh thái
ecotourism

Du lịch
Tourism
Du lịch đại chúng
Mass tourism
Du lịch thay thế
Alternative tourism
Khám phá
Adventure
Khoa học
Scientific
Giáo dục
Educational
Du lịch tình nguyện
volunteer tourism


 ng ti bo tn, bo v ng ngun lc thit yu ca du lch.
 Khuyy m h
tng, gi n tc b c
a.
 m bo s  h tng  mu ki
 u ti cng t n
ti vin chng cuc sng ca c
 ng ti gim thic ca s 
trin du lng xy ra  nhiu khu vn. (Saglio, 1979;
Gonsalves, 1984; Kozlowski, 1985; Travis, 1985; Bilsen, 1987).
 a c li lc v cng

  nhn mn vng bn v
c du lng s ng ca

i vc thc th ng cuc “gp
g”  chc. (Holden, 1984). [24, tr.82]
y du lch thay th ng vch sau:
 ng di mo, du lp
 ng dch dng, du lch bn
a
 ng d: Du lch t thin nguyn, du l
 ng du lng hong: Du lch
tn
 ng d qu


1.3.2. 
Theo Hng Th gii v n
t Du Lch Vin du lch bn vng
c quan ni  n du lu hin t
n hn kh  h u ca
h[4, tr.81]
n du lch bn vu hin ti trong khi vn
bo v u t n du lch
bn vng gm: kinh tng.
So vi du lch bn vng bao gm c khu v
th l di sn lch s - tc ph cp cng

Du ln l
t ln cho s n kinh t - i - ng cc chn
rng vin du lt ln cho vic bo t
 t ch s truyn thng ci tham
gia lou nhn thc rng cn phi bo tn nh sinh hc
    n.

1.3.3. 
Du lng lom trong du lch thay th 
ng ti mn bn vng. Hai lot s 
- h thc du lch dn vi bn s
- Ph tham gia ca cng
- ng ti mn bn vng
i du l c t chc thc hit
s t sau:
- DLTN ch 
d nhn, c  bo tn.
- S hp dn cng
ca    bo t


 yu phng hin m nguyc ca
 n nh cn.
1.3.4. 
Mt s lo k ch t
thin, du lch xanh, du lng, du l
Nhng lot nhim hon lo du
l t DLTN vi nhng lo
 gi t b
lch gn vi DLTN gn vi mt s 
Bảng 1.1. Các loại hình du lịch gần với du lịch tình nguyện
Loại
hình
DL
Du lịch Từ
thiện
Du lịch nông

thôn
Du lịch có trách
nhiệm
Du lịch cộng đồng
Đặc
trƣng
Kt ni du
 i
  i
  ng
m
  
   
hi gp g 
hi  
cng  
h h tr 
   du
  
  tin/
hin vt cho
c  a
c
D 
tr 
  
  m
th  
cu ngh ng
gi  

ng, phc hi
sc kh  
hiu t 
  
i li
  ng


vic bo t
di s 
  ng
kinh t m bo
   
ng, t 
b   

tr   a
 o ra
nhng sn phm du
l   ng,
  
    c
   tri
nghi
Bn cht ca loi
   
ch ng nhng
c du lch
tn t
   

  a nhm
mang li l
  a
  
   
quyn t ra quyt
nh v vic t chc
du lch t  
sinh sng ca h.


ti  u
nh  
a h c
s d 
th 

ba
  a 
trin du lch bn
v  
 
 ng cao
   u
chnh tt c i
   
nh  n
m   n
   
l   

ng cho tt c ch
th   
   trin
du lch
Điểm
đến
-  
tr 
nhi  
  p,

lch ni ting
- Ch y 
khu vc cng

trin, nhng
 n s h
tr v vt cht,
tinh thn.
- Ti 
trong phm vi
  
  
ng b 
th  
ven bi 

-   ti 
ti m  n,
khu v  c

   
vc ti  a
du lch
- C th  n
t   c
   c
bit v  
t   
   

-  h  n
t
Gắn
với
  ng
ch yng
   
tham gia ca
Cung cp nhng
tri nghi  
x


cộng
đồng
  
c  a
 
phi xu 
t nhu cu cn

thi  
nht t cng
ng
c  a
  
s l  
kinh t cho cng
ng

qua m  t
gi   ch
   a
 o hiu
bit v   
    
 ng t a
  ng
  a
 n
   ng
ln nhau gi
du l  i
o
dng ni
t   c cho
cng.
Đóng
góp cho
công
tác bảo

tồn
X
X
   c
 c bo tn
   
   
nh   t
th ging
x
Diễn
giải
môi
trƣờng
x
x
   
nu gn v 
nhim v 
  
vi   
n thc
v  ng cho
x


   t
nhim v l
th thiu
Sự

tham
gia của
cộng
đồng
địa
phƣơng
X
  tham gia
trc tip ca
c  
i ch
 tham gia trc
tip ca c ng
i ch
C  a
  
chm, ra
quynh, thc thi
 
1.4. Nội dung chính của du lịch tình nguyện
Ht c a  ch 
  chc ti vic kt hp gia hong ca du l
hai ni dung hoc bo tn
o v c gi tc bo tc
c gi tc n)
1.4.1.  
Nh  c bo tn   gii bao g
hong ch y
Bo tng sinh hc
Bo tng b bin

c v ng cng, di sn t o
Bo v nguc, qut mn vo t.
Theo Lut Bo v  ng Vit Nam, bo v     
nhng hong gi p, ci thing, bm
n, khc phu qu x
 dng ht ki
 ly m h t mt xu th du lch thng c
c C tt.
Do hu qu mi l du gp nt b 


du, lp d s git cht c trc tip tham gia
bo v ng vt bt b n, t
i th ra. M n v hong bo tn ca DLTN n
nhng tour du lch nhn dp khu vng du lch sch s ti
n ci Vi gii.
1.4.2.  
c bo tt mt quan tr
n. Nhng d  gii nhng ti s
n g c hong: t vic dy ting Anh, tin hc  
 Trung Qung h nt
    tr em bt hnh       tr em m  
Campuchia hoc thn  a Singapore phn thnh
Mt trong nhng hong nh tr 
ct nhing hn nhy ting Anh cho tr  Isan hay nh
ng cn cu m  
ng chng hn cng hin tay
ngh ci via bnh mic gn
 chc v bo v 
 ng hc cho tr em.

1.5. Đặc trƣng của loại hình du lịch tình nguyện
1.5.1. 
ng t
sng chung v khu ph ng v
 p, khu du lch ni ting, sm ut
  nhng v i cng trong
tour DLTN.
n thc cao v  
 trong cuc sng, nhn th i vi cng  n
c cc sng ca ct th git
 tham