Xác lập mã nghệ thuật thơ Đường luật của Quách Tấn

1

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN





NGUYỄN CÔNG THANH DUNG





XÁC LẬP MÃ NGHỆ THUẬT
THƠ ĐƢỜNG LUẬT CỦA QUÁCH TẤN




LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ
CHUYÊN NGÀNH: VĂN HỌC VIỆT NAM





HÀ NỘI, NĂM 2013

2

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN




NGUYỄN CÔNG THANH DUNG



XÁC LẬP MÃ NGHỆ THUẬT
THƠ ĐƢỜNG LUẬT CỦA QUÁCH TẤN



LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ
CHUYÊN NGÀNH: VĂN HỌC VIỆT NAM
MÃ SỐ: 60.22.34


NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC:
PGS.TS. TRẦN NHO THÌN

HÀ NỘI, NĂM 2013


3
MỤC LỤC
MỞ ĐẦU
 1
 3
 20
 20
 21
  22
Chƣơng 1. THƠ ĐƢỜNG LUẬT CỦA QUÁCH TẤN VÀ XÁC LẬP MÃ
NGHỆ THUẬT THƠ ĐƢỜNG LUẬT 23
1.1. Quách Tấn: nhà thơ xuất sắc của dòng thơ Đƣờng luật Việt Nam nửa
đầu thế kỷ XX và trong phong trào Thơ Mới 23
 23
 25
 30
 31
 33
1.2. Xác lập mã nghệ thuật thơ Đƣờng luật 36

1.2 38
1.3. Thơ Đƣờng luật nửa đầu thế kỷ XX và nhu cầu kế thừa tinh hoa thơ
truyền thống 50

XX 50
1.3.2. 
trong  57

 62

1932-1945 63

4
Tiểu kết 72
Chƣơng 2. MÃ NGHỆ THUẬT THƠ ĐƢỜNG LUẬT CỦA QUÁCH
TẤN NHÌN TỪ NỘI DUNG CẢM HỨNG 74
2.1. Đề tài và cảm hứng 74
2.1 74
2.1 75
2.2. Cảm hứng về thiên nhiên 76
 78
 83
2.3. Cảm hứng về quê hƣơng đất nƣớc 90
 92
 95
2.4. Nô
̃
i niê
̀
m hoa
̀
i cô
̉
98
2.5. Cảm hứng Thiền đạo 103
 104
 107
 108

Tiểu kết 111
Chƣơng 3. MÃ NGHỆ THUẬT THƠ ĐƢỜNG LUẬT CỦA QUÁCH
TẤN NHÌN TỪ NGHỆ THUẬT BIỂU HIỆN 112
3.1. Quan niệm của Quách Tấn về việc làm thơ 112
 112
 114
 115
3.2. Quách Tấn với những cách tân về ngôn ngữ thơ 117
 117
-  117
 125

5
3.3. Những nét mới trong việc tổ chức nhịp điệu và hệ thống giọng điệu
thơ Quách Tấn 127
3.3.1.             
 127
3.3.2.  
 141
Tiểu kết 151
KẾT LUẬN 152
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 156
NHỮNG BÀI VIẾT CỦA TÁC GIẢ ĐÃ CÔNG BỐ CÓ LIÊN QUAN
ĐẾN ĐỀ TÀI LUẬN VĂN 162

6
MỞ ĐẦU
1. L DO CHỌN ĐỀ TÀI
Sinh th   ng kh   s  i bi  
nhng n t quan cy ng n t
tr ng n tng 
n cao nh t ngh s  ch i m
i m
n (1910-1992)   th  

 ng trong phong
o Th m

n 1932-1945    
. Th c vinh d 

o con m











o Thi nhân Viê
̣
t Nam (1941). 








 , , 














, 
















 
 ,  , 
 













 . 



















.
1.1.  (1910-1992)   ,















 , 

 










. 





, 











, 















. 




, , 






, 








 

(



 ), sau 


 ( ),  ,


 










 . 










, 















 m
chung. 


















 . Trong kh



















 








, c, , 










 , 

 , 





, 











, 
 







   

, 

7









 
















[19,tr.15]  ,  , n

 



















 
 
 , 


 



 











 , 

(





 , 32, n
05-01-1935) [19].  






, 
t





 [19,tr.43].  , 



  




 [19,tr.109-112].
1.2. 



 



 1932-1945 
h

. 
suy, 












 , 












 m, 





.
1.3. , 












; 










 




y;  






 , 

 



, 













 ; 

 ,




 , 





















 . 

  
 trong
 , , v.v 








, 






 



.


8
2. LCH SỬ VẤN ĐỀ
2.1. Nhƣ
̃
ng ý kiến đánh giá vê
̀
thơ Qua
́
ch Tâ
́
n




 
 , 











 

 .  , 










:
2.1.1. Như
̃
ng ba
̀
i viê
́
t vê
̀
thơ Qua
́

ch Tâ
́
n trươ
́
c 1945
-  1932-1933, 








 



, 













,  (),  (),  ().






 trong 



 (1939). Trong 



 cho 




 26 5 1939,  : 

 , 







,  



 , 










 () 









i. 

 , 



 , 








 ,  , 

,  ,  () 
 . 

 








; : 
 
 [19,tr.20-22].
- v

 cho 




, 





, 


: 





, 
















 




  . ! 











 , 
t, , 












 . () 








, 




 , 





 [19,tr.23-26

 
bs
        
 

9



 
   


 [19,tr.23-26].
- 

, J.M.   147 

30 11 1939










  [19,tr.27-31]. 




 


  13 940 









 , 




 , 

, ;  
[19,tr.32-38].
- 1941,  





 






 , 
: 













 

,  




 - 
. 

, , , , 













 [19,tr.41].  , 

 




: , 





, 




, 






, 



 














, 
















 [19,tr.46-53].
- , , 






 .  






, 



















:  , 

, 

 [19,tr.58]; 
 





 , 










 ,  ,










  


, 














 [19,tr.59].
- 









 1942 







n


, 
















[19,tr.56-57].

10
- Trong 

 (1941),   : 
 , 





 .  
 .  . 
, . 







 ,   . 

, 






















, 


.  . 

 . 



 












 [74,tr.267].
-   (1943) 





















 : 



 





 . 




 



   
) 






, 
) 



  () 





 ()

















  [51,tr.665-
671].
 
 

 
2.1.2. Như
̃
ng ba
̀
i viê
́
t vê
̀
thơ Qua
́
ch Tn t 1945 đn 1975
 1945 1954,  ta 


, .
1954-1975, 



 .















 












 

 , Nxb 


, 1957-1958; 








, Nxb 

, 1958-1959, 
 1932-1945. 










 : 










 ,  , 

 5
(1930-1945) (



), Nxb GD,  1961; 





  (















 ), 



 (1900-1945),

11
Nxb GD, HN,  5, 2001,  .






 m,  m 
(



) thi  . 


:  , 

 , 





















 

 : 





















 





 
, 

, , 





, 







. , 








 , 











 t


 [48,tr.25].
,  

.
- 1957, 


la m, 48 

12-5-1957, 














, 















 , 









 , 








 [19,tr.80].
- 1962, 





 2 5 







 .  ; 
, 







, [19,tr.84-88].
- 1959, 





 ,  











 , 

  . 
















 : 





.
 [19,tr.104]. 


 7-1970,
 ,   
















 

: 









  . 


1970 , 





 






[19,tr.105]; 

1932, 




,   , 1932 
 



















 [19,tr.105]. 

, 




, 










 .  ,

12




























 [19,tr.107]; 
 

















nh, 















 [19,tr.108].
-  





 , 
 (











) 




, 

























:  , 






 




, 













 

,  

, , ,  [19,
tr.109], 

 , 




: 





 , 


 !  


,  t.  , 

 : 

, 






, 











,  . , 







.
() ,  . 



 , 





















, 

, 





. 








 [19,tr.111-112]. 
 , 


 

 i

 [19,tr.574].
- 


 
 
 
  „có
kích thƣớc‟ [19].

13
-  , Phan  23 


 



 : 



 ; con




; 


;  ; con


 [19,tr.113-135].
 

 
 4 

, 



, 
  [19,tr.169-
185].  :





 

















 ,  
[19,tr.208-215].  




 







 [19,tr.216-227]. 


: 


[19,tr.228-253].

- 



 





 




 , 










 ,  











 

- - 

-  (tr.70)

 
 

 [19,tr.136-143].
-  , 


















 ,
trong 



 , , SG, 1970, 







 


 



14

   




  
. [18,tr.151-152].
-   




.  
]
- 1973, 





n: 


 









 : , 

(













 )


 [19,tr.156-164].
-   

 




[19,tr.254-262].
- T 






 [19,tr.539]
- L

 



 1940- 

1, 












; 






 





15










 , 















[19,tr.263-264].
- 









 












 , 


















 ,














 [33,tr.73].

-  



 15 1974, 








 







 [19,tr.144-
155].  



    

- 







- 



2.1.3. Như
̃
ng ba
̀
i viê
́
t vê
̀
Quch Tn t sau năm 1975 đn nay






 , 










 (1986), 




















, 
1932-1945, 




, 








 , 









 . 

 sau khi
 (1992), 

  , 













 , 



 , 

16










 , t . 







:
- 











 

 

   



 (

 2,
1984) (2004). 














 












 .  , 






 






 . B






. ,   (1941).






 , 














 . 
 









 , 
 



 . 

 



 











 , 

i
, , 


















   







, 















 



 

 Sau



, 













 



, 








 , 



















1945 (





, 

2, tr.250). 



 





(2004),  


24,tr.1470-1471].
- Trong    (2003) 
 


   


c[82].
- 

, 







, 
 . 
 






 ,  ; 



17
 

. 










, 







, 






 [19,tr.279-286].
- 

 



 
1991, 





  



 , 















 [19,tr.287-296].
- 

  23 9 1990, 








 , 



 



 





 , 














, 



, 










, 

, 




, 





[19,tr.297-305].
- 12 1990, 



 


     

 (H )  10 -1991, 













 



[19,tr.306-314].
- 

 







 32 18 8 1991 













 


















[19,tr.319-324].
- 

  , 







(





 ) [19,tr.325-329] 


 , 



 , 



 











, 





 1945  . ,
1992, 









85   


(





 Nam) 




 , 1993 [19,tr.330-332]; 
 











 [19,tr.333-340]; 












 51-1992 







[19,tr.341-343]. 



 





















.
 07 





 21 12 1992, 

 28 11
,  . 






. Thanh n


 [19,tr.344-347];  




 [19,tr.350-354]  



18
[19,tr.355-358],  







; 
 





 




































anh [19,tr.359-362]; 






 








 , 
Nha Trang (

) [19,tr.363-372].
-  

 , 







 





  
 , 










  , 
, 

, 1,  


m; 2 - , 



















 ;  trong 


; 





ctrong [30].
- , 

 








  , 






 , ,
3, 2000, 











 




 [90].
              


          
        -       
Nam 
 

[19-5-2002]
: 
   


 



19
 n  
 

-  


 

 
, 











, 8, 2005, 



















 , 

, 



 .
                
-2011 
. 
 
-2011 

                 


                
 
, T
-




 
 
 
 





20


2.2. Những ý kiến về thơ Đƣờng luật nửa đầu thế kỷ XX

sau:

 khi 
 
 

 Nam phong

-
 

      

 

 
t





  

(1916),     (1918),         :
 (1921),  (1923),   (1927).



21
t


  -3-


 



 

 
c

 
 c
 
  


 


 
 

:  / 
 
76,tr.10-11]. 



22
 

, khi 

 



 
  
   An


      
 
 
 : 
 


 
  
 
 i 

 [19,tr.59];
 
Nam 

  

- - 

23
Nam  
- -  1959), 

-1945 -
      
1976, tb), -1945 - - Ngu
- - - Nxb GD, 







  
         :       
1918),    
,  
  


 



14,tr.232-
233].
 





24


  
  



               


(


n, Phan



 

-181].

(2002) .  

  

 
[76].
T              
, 

 


25
 

au
 . 



   














chung .
3. ĐỐI TƢƠ
̣
NG VA

̀
PHA
̣
M VI NGHIÊN CỨU











 .               
, th. ,
 , 





1945:   , 

ng
 1945 





: 



 , 

 , , 



 v.v , 


 ( , 

 
   
               








, 













, 













 ; 













 ,  ; 




 . , 




, 



,  , 

 , 









 ,  , 



 ; 






 , 





 , 

 , 


.
4. PHƢƠNG PHA
́
P NGHIÊN CƢ
́
U







 









  