Lãi suất trong hợp đồng vay tài sản theo pháp luật dân sự Việt Nam

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
KHOA LUẬT





NGUYỄN TIẾN THÀNH






LÃI SUẤT TRONG HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TÀI SẢN
THEO PHÁP LUẬT DÂN SỰ VIỆT NAM





LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LUẬT HỌC

HÀ NỘI - 2011



ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
KHOA LUẬT




NGUYỄN TIẾN THÀNH





LÃI SUẤT TRONG HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TÀI SẢN
THEO PHÁP LUẬT DÂN SỰ VIỆT NAM

Chuyên ngành : Luật dân sự
Mã số : 60 38 30


LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LUẬT HỌC




Người hướng dẫn khoa học: PGS.TS Đinh Văn Thanh

Hà nội - 2011


MỤC LỤC



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Mục lục


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Danh mục các biểu đồ


MƠ
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1

Chương 1: NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ LÝ LUẬN CƠ BẢN VỀ HỢP ĐỒNG
VAY TIỀN
6
1.1.
Khái niệm và bản chất hợp đồng vay tiền
6
1.1.1.
Khái niệm
6
1.1.2.
Bản chất ca hợp đồng vay tiền
10
1.2.
Quyền và nghĩa vụ pháp lý trong hợp đồng vay tài sản
11
1.2.1.
Quyền sơ
̉
hư
̃
u đối vơ
́
i ta
̀
i sa
̉

n vay
11
1.2.2.
Nghĩa vụ ca các bên trong hợp đồng vay tiền
13
1.2.2.1.
Nghĩa vụ ca bên cho vay
13
1.2.2.2.
Nghĩa vụ trả li ca bên vay
14
1.3.
Li suất
16
1.3.1.
Kh¸i niÖm vÒ l·i suÊt
16
1.3.2.
Li suất cho vay
17
1.3.3.
Li suất cơ bản
22
1.3.3.1.
Li suất cơ bản là công cụ quan trọng ca chính sách tiền tệ
và hạn chế việc cho vay nặng li
22
1.3.3.2.
Sự cần thiết tiếp tục áp dụng cơ chế điều hành li suất cơ bản
26

Chương 2: THỰC TRẠNG A
́
P DU
̣
NG PHA
́
P LUÂ
̣
T LA
̃
I SUÂ
́
T -
HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TIỀN
29
2.1.
Nguyên nhân, điều kiện tính li suất
29
2.1.1.
Tranh chấp hợp đồng vay tiền
29
2.1.2.
Chậm thực hiện nghĩa vụ
31
2.1.3.
Vấn đề hụi, họ, biêu, phường
32
2.2.
Thực tiễn áp dụng quy định li suất theo Bộ luật Dân sự và

các văn bản hướng dẫn thi hành
35
2.2.1.
Quy định ca pháp luật về tính li suất
35
2.2.1.1.
Li suất trong hợp đồng vay tiền
35
2.2.1.2.
Li suất trong giao dịch hụi, họ
39
2.2.1.3.
Li suất chậm trả
42
2.2.2.
Những tồn tại quy định về li suất
53
2.2.2.1.
Về tính li trong hợp đồng vay tiền
53
2.2.2.2.
Mức li
63
2.2.2.3.
Li suất thỏa thuận
65
2.2.2.4.
Xác định khoản nợ để tính li
67
2.2.2.5.

Phạm vi áp dụng Bộ luật Dân sự
68
2.2.2.6.
Nghĩa vụ ca Tòa án
70
2.3.
Đánh giá kết quả công tác xét xử ca ngành Tòa án
71

Chương 3: VẤN ĐỀ HOÀN THIỆN QUY ĐỊNH PHÁP LUẬT VỀ
LÃI SUẤT TRONG HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TIỀN VÀ MỘT
SỐ GIẢI PHÁP
74
3.1.
Sự cần thiết phải hoàn thiện các quy định ca pháp luật dân
sự về li suất
74
3.2.
Phương hướng hoàn thiện
76
3.2.1.
Về li suất cơ bản
76
3.2.2.
Tính li suất trong hợp đồng vay tiền
77
3.2.3.
Bổ sung chế tài
78
3.2.4.

Giải pháp đối với công tác xét xử ca ngành Tòa án
80

KẾT LUẬN
81

DANH MỤC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
85

PHỤ LỤC
89


DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG

Số hiệu
bảng
Tên bảng
Trang
2.1
Số liệu các vụ việc dân sự ca ngành Tòa án
71





DANH MỤC CÁC BIỂU ĐỒ

Số hiệu

biểu đồ
Tên biểu đồ
Trang
1.1
Các mức li suất cơ bản
23


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1. Tnh cp thit ca đ ti


 
 Trê
  

 T


 : "

" [9] t 
. V
, 



 









 . 
  

 

 


2

01/01/2011.
Thực tiễn quy Bộ luật Dân sự năm 2005 đã tồn
tại những bất cập, một số ch-a phù hợp
nay;

t
sa



Dõn

2005 về
trong hợp đồng vay tài sản

Dõn








"Lói sut trong hp
ng vay ti sn theo phỏp lut dõn s Vit Nam"


3
2. Tnh hnh nghiên cu đ ti



 










l·i suÊt trong hîp ®ång vay tiÒn. 
gành ngân hàng, t
- -







 , chúng 









, 









luËt


 Vit Nam,   ,  


.
3. Mc đch v nhim v nghiên cu


ân dâ

ã













n, 














:
- 
lãi  

- Phâlãi 
lãi xét 
, báo
àn

4

- 

4. Đi tƣng, phm vi nghiên cu ca lun văn
 : 





nhân 
 
và v


 


Khi  c lãi su giao dh vay tài s là ph t,  t tài s
là tng  r, nên trong ph vi nghiên c, lu vn ch t trung i sâu
v  lãi su trong h  vay ti theo pháp lu dân s Vi Nam. 
th nó liên quan tr ti th ti trong công tác xét x ngành Tòa án i
v các v vi tranh ch h  vay ti hi nay.
5. Phƣơng pha
́
p nghiên cƣ
́
u
-  
- Lên


5
- 

: nghiê





, 

, 

, 




, , 

, 

, 



, 









.
6. Đo
́
ng go
́
p cu
̉
a luâ
̣
n văn




















 lut 



 , 










.



















 


 





; 





 ; 
    
  c c
 là: "



" [8].














, 
, 



 

công tác trong  , 























.
7. Kê
́
t câ
́
u ca luâ
̣
n văn
, 

,   ,


3 c:


- 
: 


6
Chương 1
NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ LÝ LUẬN CƠ BẢN VỀ HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TIỀN

1.1. KHÁI NIỆM VÀ BẢN CHẤT HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TIỀN
1.1.1. Khi nim










 hng
 

, 











 , 

































, 















 , 





Giao 








 
bên, 

























. 



















 , "


 






, 








" (394 



Dân 



















. 


















 bên. Song 



























 (


)  . 
nhau, 










 






.
:  1101 





 : 










 (


) 










ng



 ,  





. Theo lut 




 , 

























. 644 



1931 nêu: 























 

 , 















 . 653 





 :

7


































 , 

 , 











. 


, 






















Dân s.













 
 hai bên (bên cho vay, bên vay ). N

, 







,



















 






 



 



 . M





, .
  
















 , 







 . 























c
, , 





.

 










 , 




 . : 



 















 , 










 ngân 




 . 



















.










 















. 



































  , 








. 



















, 























8












 . 












, 

















, 



















.








 















,
khi




, 



, 


   , 








. 



, 













. , 



Dân 



:



















 , 




 ,  t 








 [22, 1 141].
Hay "













 T  "
(1 142 



Dân 

1995). 

"










 





 ,  hiu "
(2 137 ).
, 




















:
- 



 , 



 







;
- 



, , 



, 



, 





.
Khái 



  h 



 , 

 o cho 




; 



, 



























.

9
471 



 Dân 

2005 




bên. , 





























 . Cho nên, 


 471 nêu trên, 



























 
    Dân 

 2005


 










 . Tuy nhiên, 


 








.
 , 













,  "



" 


"
". Tuy nhiên, 





















  ,  ,
































. 

,  , 

 tiêu hao














 , 

















 . 



























 g thuê, cho






. 











 









, 


















 , 


.





Dân 

2005 
n. 



, 





u 468 




Dân 

1995, 







10








 
. 

,  



















 , 
.


, h









:
- 














.
- 


















. 


.
- 

























- 



.
1.1.2. Bn châ
́
t cu
̉
a hơ

̣
p đô
̀
ng vay tin
B tn 


 , 




















vay. 

























. V





, 







, 













ng, bên cho vay



















, 
 . 

























.


 , 






 

















. 

"



" 







1
474 



Dân 

2005 








. 












, 


















11
, 









 








, 

















vay. 



























 cho vay 
. 













(theo kh2 474 



Dân 

2005). 

 , 




Dân 


2005 

"







", 


















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





































.
"







" 

















. 







 "











 vay, 















" (3 474  ).
1.2. QUYỀN VÀ NGHĨA VỤ PHÁP LÝ TRONG HỢP ĐỒNG VAY TÀI SẢN
1.2.1. Quyê
̀
n sơ
̉
hƣ
̃
u đô
́
i vơ
́
i ta
̀
i sa
̉
n vay

, n

 
 

 
               

Tiền - Theo 





12

   








 . 

, 


















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
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









.
  , 








 , 






 , 






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
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















































  (: 










 . 












 
).






















































.
: A vay 100 










.


 









 150 



 .









































. 




.
472 



Dân 

2005 








  . Tuy nhiên, 
 , 

























.
, 






  
. 

, 











 





























13
 

, 













 . 










, , 







 . V, 















.
1.2.2. Ngha v ca cc bên trong hp đng vay tin
1.2.2.1. Ngha v ca bên cho vay

 







  

, 

 


.














 , 




, 

 .
, "




ch

, 



" 











,  . 

 , 





























 ng
vay , 



k1 473 



Dân 


2005 : 
















 , 
















 , 










 g vay










 284  285 



 Dân 


2005 




















. 
 




14






 [24].







 





 , 
 
, 











.
 



 
 






, 











 475 




Dân 

 2005 












 . 














 . 







 y


















c 
















 ; 










 
 . 

























 , 

a



:














 nêu  có 











 (475 



Dân 

2005);























.
1.2.2.2. Ngha v trả lãi ca bên vay
4 k5 474 



Dân 

2005 


 , 























.
(4) 





























15




































. Tuy nhiên, 



 , quy



















 .
: A cho B vay 200 

, 



 12 , 
























 









. 3  p


 , 






 , 

  200 


 + (200 

  x 0,6% x 3 ) = 203,6 

  (, 0,6% 

g 3 ).
 , 

















 

 . : A cho B vay 200 

, 




12 ,  1%/.  3 
, 

 , 







: (200 

  x 1%
x 12 ) + (200 

0,6 x 3 ) = 227,6 

(, 0,6 % 
 















 3 ).  
k4,  



















, 
 . 
















, 

 










, 












 








. 




, 




























 . 

 , 

 







 . B, khi bên vay




, 

 . Tuy
nhiên, 
















 





16


, 







 , 

 "

















 ". 

hác.








 k4 k5 474  Dân 


2005 

 k4 k5 471 




Dân 

 1995 












 , 




. 












:
+  , 
 , 
Dân 

 1995  







































; Dân 


2005 



















.
+  , 


,  Dân 


1995  
 




















;  Dân 


2005 
.
1.3. LÃI SUẤT
1.3.1. Kh¸i niÖm vÒ l·i suÊt





.

 

  






 .  , 

17

cho vay. "
". "" 














.


, , 
 



, , 

, 



,  . 






, 

























. C:
Lãi = giá tr ti sản vay x lãi suất x thơ
̀
i gian vay
1.3.2. Li sut cho vay


 


             


 









 tùy
 .





, 



, 










. , 









.
, 










.


, 







 












. 
 587 





 (

 ), 






 15 

; 

18













; , m
. 







, 





, 




. 

u 638, 




:
C
, 
















 ( ), 
cho . 

































, 













 [27].


, 



 ,  i 
 . 


























 16/1999/

 01/2/1999 

 , dân


, , 

, :
















 , 
,  

79/-NH1 
16/4/1993 




 [34].










: "







 ,  


















 19/4/1993 















" [34].


, 







19/4/1993 
19/4/1993 

  


 79/Q-NH1 



 
. N, 

c

 







19


 19/4/1993,  19/4/1993 

















79/QD-NH1 .
, 



















 Dân


. Theo k1 473 



 Dân 


 1995, "
50% 








 





 " [22]. 
, 



 Dân 

2005  : "L







 150% 








ng" [24, 476]. 























 











, .
,  1%/




1,5%/.






















,  





 "

",




  





vay, k1 476 



Dân 

2005 








 
"





150% 
 ". 















 



 473 



Dân 

1995: "













 50% 














" [22].






 Dân 

 2005 











, 









 473 



Dân


1995. , 








Dân 

1995 








: 1. C 

20
50%  












; 2. 
150%  



 (











 ). 

, "


 " 

 " " 

 




Dân 


1995. 







 , 










.
Hi 

 
. G

trên      nhân trong và ngoài

   
 


T

lý    





-  

Ngân