Đoàn viên thanh niên sinh viên với các phong trào cộng sản

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRlTCfNO
DAT HOC KHOA HOC
TU"
NHIEN
fC
\
TEN
DE
TAI:
lOflN
VIEN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN
V0I CfiC
PHONG
TRBO
CONG
SflN
MA SO:
QT - 00 - 32
*
/»
CHU TRI
DE
TAI: THS.
VU
THANH
MAI
OAi'v-icrnucc
G;-
l
NC:

TRUNGTAM TIICNGTiNT.HU
VIE
No OT/WlOb
HA
NOI - 2001
lANIl
NIEN SINH
VIHN V(3l cAc
PHONG
1RAO
CONG
SAN
TOM TAT
DIE
TAI NCKH
afT&h
de tai:
Do^n vi6n
thanh
nifin
sinh
vi6n
v6i cac phong trao
c6ng
san
Ma so: QT - 00 - 32
b.
Chii tri
de tai: Ths. Vu Thanh Mai
c. Cac can bo tham gia: CN. Nguyin Ldn Hung San

Ths.
Trdn Thao
Nguyen
CN. Trinh
Tlii
Tlni^^
Giang
Nguyin Thi
71iu Hiln
CN.
Nguyin Tlii
Thuy
CN. Pham Lc
Tlniy
tl. Muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu:
Cong tac thanh
niSn tiong
thai ky
ddi mdi
cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa
dd't
niroc
la v6
ci^mg
quan trong. Hoat dong cua Doan TNCS Ho Chf Minh duac
coi la hat
nhfln
cua phong trao thanh nien. To chirc Doan khong ngung xdy dung
phong
trho

thi dua y6u nudc cua thanh
ni6n,
I6i cuon thanh
ni6n
vao cac phong
tr^o c6ng
san,
tinh nguy6n vl
cong dong
v6\
linh thdn "ddu Dang cdn thanh ni6n
CO,
vi6c gi
kho co thanh
ni6n'\
xung phong
tinh
nguydn
"iSn
rimg,
xu6ng
bi^n"
dem
h6't
tai nang ,
tif tu6
va
sire
tre cong hien cho ddt
nirdc,

cho nhdn ddn.
Dua tren
phirang
phap
kidn
khoa hoc
hgp
thanh cac quan
di^m:
khach
quan, toan
di6n,
phat
tii^n,
phirc
hgp, thuc
tiln,
giai
cffp,
con ngirdi, toan cdu va
qudn
chung,
trdn
ca
s6
s6
h6u
khao sat
tinh hinh
doan

vifen,
thanh
nidn,
sinh
viSn
hudng ung
cd'c
phong trao thanh nien
Ihih
nguyen, NCKH va cac cong tac khac d
tmdng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien - DHQGHN noi rieng va phong trao
tinh
nguydn thu do Ha Ngi, cac
thih
thanh trong toan qudc ndi chung, dl tai nghidn
ciru
khoa hgc
^'Doan
vien thanh nien sinh vien voi cac phong trao cong
san''
da nham muc tieu phdn tfch, danh gia nhung mat dugc va chua dugc, nguyen
nhdn thanh cong va han che cua cong tac tdp hgp thanh nidn vao cac phong trao
cdng san, trdn ca sd dd de
xud't
mot sd giai phap nham ddi mdi cong tac nay gdp
site
xdy dung dd't nudc trong thdi ky ddi mdi cong
ngliiep
hoa hidn
dcii

hoa.
e. Ket qua nghien cuu:
Phong trao "thanh nien
tinh
nguyen", mot mat chua dung nhung yeu to vd
ydu cdu ma xa hgi cdn d thanh nien, ddng gdp vao
vide
giai quyet mot sd mdu
thudn dang dat ra; nhiing tdn tai nay sinh
cfin kh;lc
phuc
lien
cac phuang dien
I
HANH
NIBN
SINH
V|6N
VCll
CAC PHONG TRAO CONG
SAN
kinh tc xa hgi, chfnh tri van hoa nham lao cho xa hgi, cong ddng ton lai
phai
Iri^n
theo muc tidu hudng tdi tuang lai; xa hgi hi vgng d thanh nidn ve
tiem
nang, ihi
lire,
van hoa, trf tue, tinh thdn; xa hgi ddi hdi ihanh nien vl y thuc trach
nhidm, vl ddng gdp cua

minh
va cdng hien hi sinh cho su phat
Irien;
xa hgi dat
ra
nhiJng
thach
thu'c
va tao ra lien de dl Ihanh nien khdng dinh, phat
Iriln,
trudng
thanh.
Phong trao "Ihanh nien
linh
nguyen" cung bieu hien Irong dd nhung
liln
de cua nhu
cdu
nguydn vgng vl
vice
lam, phat Irien
nghi
nghiep,
Iri
lud,
lai
nang, chf khf va nhdn
each
thanh nien; nd
chiJa

dung mgi ca hgi
ihuc
hidn cac
quyin
ddn chu, tu do,
binh
dang va cdng bang xa hgi
Irdn
mgi
phuctng
didn ddi
vdi thanh nidn thong qua hoat dgng
linh
nguydn; nd cd
Ihl
dap ung
nhitng
nhu
cdu vl
tinh
ydu,
linh
ban, nhu cdu dugc kfnh trgng, dgc ldp, cd tham
quyIn
va
nhu cdu vl nhdn
Ihitc
dugc
tilm
nang cua

minh,
dugc thang lien va khang dinh.
Phong
liao
"thanh nidn
linh
nguyen"
la dieu kidn de giai quyet mau thudn
giita yeu cdu xa hgi va nhu cdu cua thanh
nien
Irong
mgi
mdi
liirdng
phong phu,
da dang va
Ihdng
nhd'l;
trong cac mdi quan he bien chirng gdm nhung hoat dgng
ciia thanh nien va xa hgi nhdm gal bd mgi han che, lieu
cue
va gdp phdn thuc
day qua Irlnh Ifch
cue
hoa hoat dgng
ciia
thanh
nien,
vl lien bg xa hgi,
vi

su phat
Irien.
Nhu cdu
tinh
nguydn, xung
kfch,
sang lao Irong cac
hoai
dgng vl mot xa
hgi lot dep han cua doan vidn ihanh nien sinh vien
la
mot nhu cdu
ihiel
yeu the
hien ban
chd'l
lot dep cua the he Ihanh nien xa hgi
chii
nghTa Irong Ihdi ky mdi
cdng nghiep hoa, hidn dai hoa
dai
nudc. De linh thdn nay dugc
phai
huy, cdn cd
sir
quan
Idm
ling ho ciia chfnh
phii.
cac ban nganh,

id
chuc xa hdi Irong cac
chuang Irlnh hanh dgng cu the.
Ket qua nghien
ciiu ciia
de lai la ca sd ly luan khoa hgc cho viec hoach
dinh chfnh sach va nhung chuang Irlnh hanh dgng cu
Ihe
vc cdng lac thanh
nien,
sinh vidn Irong
ihdi
gian ldi.
f.
Tmh
hinh
khi phi cua de tai: 7.000 OOOd
- Da chi theo cac khoan muc diing du loan.
XAC NHAN CUA
DdN
VI
J^Ky
va ghi r5 hg Idn)
/-" /'
/.vu^in liu /'^vttif kjiCo^Q
CHU TRI DE TAI
(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)
xAC
NHAN CUA
TRUONG

ifl'
fOirAMf?
K<^
^
^ili^A
P:«S.TU,
i/if!i.'J\.^JiL^
a
^
^^C\.IUA/fltZ
/ /
/•
SUMMARY
SUIUFXT
OF S(
IKNCTIFIC
RFSFARCH:
MEMBERS OF THE HOCHIMINH COMMUNIST YOUTH UNION, YOU IH,
STUDENTS WITH COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS
CODE: QT - 00 - 32
THE MAIN RESPONSIBLE PERSON FOR
SUBJECT:
Vu Thanh Mai, MSc
COLLABORATOR: Nguyen Lan Hung Son,
BSc
Tran Thao Nguyen, MSc
Trinh Thuy Giang, BSc
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien
Nguyen Thi Thuy,
nSc

Pham Le
1
huy, HA
THE AIM AND CONTENTS:
It is very important for the work of youth during the national enovation
industrialization, modernization. The activities of the Ho Chi Minh Youth league
have been regarded as the nuclear element of youth movements. The League has
launched various patriotist compaigns for the youth, kept them involved in such
movements as communits, community voluntary with the spirit of
''Where
the
party need the Youth is
present.
Where the diffulty arises the Youth is
available", voluntary devoting the
Youth's
metlity, knowledge and talent to
sei've
the People and the Party.
Tlie
scientific methodology is used lo form the following viewpoints:
Subjective, overall,
develomental,
composite, practical, class, global and people-
oriented, basing on
sui-veyed
data assessing the success of the youth voluntary
movements (learning and research improvement,
Conimunity developmentD)
of

the members of Youth League of the University of Science, Hanoi in particular
and the voluntary movement of Hanoi and other provinces in general. The
subject
''Members
of the HoChiMinh communist youth
union.
Youth, Students
with communist
movements"
is aimed at analyzing, assessing strong point and
weak point, the result of success and limitation of gathering the Youth in
communist movements. Based on this, some solutions have been worked out to
renovate these activities and make contribution to the nation building in the
process of renovation, industrialization and modernization.
RESEARCH RESULT:
On the one hand, the voluntary youth movement contained the
requirements of the society toward the Youth, contributed to the settlement of
some current constraditions in social economic, political anh cultural areas in
order to bring about development of the society. The Youth is hoped to have
health, potential, mentality and sporit; required to bear responsibility for the
development society.
On the other hand, the movement also showed th Youth's needs for job,
career development, intellectuality talent, spirit and
fuitheimore
it contain the
opportunities for Youth to have the rights: democracy, freedom, social equality.
It can meet the need for love, friendship,
lespectation,
independence, knowledge,
promotion and self-confirmation.

The movement creat favourable conditions to settle the constradiction
between social requirements and the
Youth's
needs in order to control the social
limitations, negative effects and promote the process of activating the Youth for
Ihe social improvement and development.
The need for voluntary activities to
buil
up a better society of the Youth is
essential presensting the good nature of the new communist generation in the
nationnal
process of industrialization and
modernization,
hi
order to promote
this movement there must be supports of the government, industry, social
organization in specific action plans. This result is the scientific basic for
making policy and arranging the Youth and Student's action plans in the coming
time.
MUC LUC
Trang
Tom tat de tai NCKH 1
Tom tat de
taS
NCKH bang tieng Anh 4
Muc luc 6
Md
d*4u
7
I Quan diem cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin

vit
Ca nhdn va Xa hoi 8
LI
Ban chd'l con ngirdi la
gi?
8
1.2 Chu nghTa xa
h6i
xoa bd nguon gdc ddi
l^p
giQa
ca nhan va xa hoi 10
1.3 Chu nghla xa
hCi
tao
di^u ki^n
cho ca
nht^n
phat trien loan didn 19
IL Con ngiroi
mdi
xa hoi chu nghia 23
2.1.
vSir nghidp xAy
dung CNXH
vcfi
muc
Utu
xAy dung cong ngudi
mdfi XIICN

23
2.2.
Con ducmg
hinh ih^nh
v<^
phat trien con
ngucti
m6i xa
hOi
chu
nghTa
26
III.
Tuoi tre Viet nam tien
baofc
duoi ngon cb cua Dang 27
IV. Thanh nien - sinh vien voi phong trao
tnih
nguyen 36
4.1.
MOtsrt
khai niem 36
4.2.
Dac
di^'m
cua sinh
vi^n,
thanh nien va phong trao
linh
nguyen. 38

4.3.
Phong trao thanh
ni^n tinh
nguyen trong
sir
nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien 45
dai hoa
dtft
nU(5c.
4.4.
Y tucfng
cho
m6t
Nam
QuO'c
t^'
nhung
ngucri tinh nguydn
-
2001.
47
4.5.
Nhiing
ket qua chinh thu duac
tijr
Chien dich thanh nien, hoc sinh, sinh
51
viSn tinh nguy6n
- miia
h^

2001 tren ca
nuttc.
4.6.
MOt
s6'
k^'t
qua dat duac trong chien dich mua he thanh
ni^n tinh nguydn
61
thanh ph6' Ha
N6i
- nam
2001.
4.7.
MOt s6
kfi't
qua dat duoc tu' phong trao
tinh
nguyen
6
Trucmg Dai hoc 65
Khoa hoc
Tir
nhien (DHQGHN) mua he
2001.
4.8.
Danh gia
trAc nghidm
ve
vAh dC '\Sinh vien

vol phong trao
linh
nguyen" 69
V. Cac giai phap cua phong trao sinh vien
tinh
nguyen 72
VI.
Ket
luan
76
Tai lieu tham khao 78
Phu
luc
79
Md DAU
"
Mot ndm khoi ddu
til
miia xudn. Mot doi khoi ddu tit tuoi tre. Tuoi tre
Id
miia xudn cua xd
hoV\
Cau noi cua Bac Ho trong
hire
thu
giri ch(5
thanh thieu nien nhan ngay Tet
doc lap
ddu
tien cua dan

toe
Viet Nam sau ngay Cach mang thanh cong (1-1946)
khong
chi
noi len niem tin vao the he tre trong
sir
nghiep xay
dirng tirong
lai cua
da^t
nudc ma con neu
len
mot chan ly lich
sir
ve vai tro ciia cac the he tre doi v6i
tien trinh phat
tri^n
ciia dan
toe
Viet Nam qua hang ngan nam
da'u
tranh dirng
nu6c
va
giO
nirofc.
Trong bao cao chien luac kinh te - xa hoi 10 nam
2001
-
2010

tnnh Dai
hoi dai
bi^u
loan quoc
l^n
thii
IX
ciia
Dang va cung duac dai hoi nha't trf thong
qua neu ro:
"
Boi duang the he
Ire
linh than yeu
nu6c,
yeu que huang, gia
dinh
va tu ton dan loc, ly
tu6ng
xa hoi chu nghTa, long nhan ai, y
thufc
ton Irong phap
luat, tinh than hieu hoc, chf tien thu lap nghiep, khong cam chju ngheo hen"
Nham dap
iJng
yeu
c^u
ve con
ngu5i
va nguon nhan luc cho

sir
nghiep cong
nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa da't
nu6c.
D^
phat huy vai tro to
Icfn
ciia the he
Ire,
dac
biet la
lire
luang trf thiic tre, sinh vien,
can
thiel phai co nhung nghien
ciiu
mang
tfnh khoa hoc ve doi
tuofng
nay. De lai nghien
ctiu
khoa hoc
*'Doan
vien, thanh
nien sinh vien
v6i
cac phong trao cong san" se
phdn
nao dap
iing dugc

nhiing
muc tieu tren. Dua tren ca
sd
ly luan lay nen tang la chii nghTa Mac - Lenin va tu
tudng Ho Chf Minh, bang nhung so lieu khao sal
Ihirc
le Irong thanh nien, sinh
vien
tmcfng
Dai
hpc
Khoa hoc Tu nhien (DHQG Ha Noi) noi rieng va ket hgp
v6i nhiing so lieu
tir
phong trao
tinh
nguyen
ciia Tlianh
Doan Ha Noi va Trung
uang Doan,
d^
tai da di sau phan tfch danh gia ban chat
ciia
con nguai thanh
nien hien nay thong qua cac phong trao
linh
nguyen. Tren ca sd d(3 da de
xual
nhirng giai phap thuc te
dfi'

cac
t6
chiic Doan, cac
tiirdng
Dai hoc, Cao dang c(3
dugc nhung y tudng dung trong viec xay dung chien
luge
hanh dong cho Ihanh
nien, sinh vien. Trong sudt qua trinh
Ihirc
hien de lai, chung loi da nhan dugc
sir
quan tam ung hg va giiip
dO
cua Dang uy, Ban giam hieu, cac dong chf can bg
Doan - Hgi trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc
1 ir
nhien (DHQG Ha Ngi). Xin
Iran
trgng
cam an tat ca da giiip da chiing loi hoan ihanh cong
Irinh
nghien
ciiu
khoa hgc
nay.
7
L QUAN
DI^.M
CUA CHU

NGHIA
MAC -
LfeNIN
V^
CA NHAN VA XA HOI
LL
Ban
chdt
cua con
ngirdi
la
gi
?
Theo Mac, con ngudi la ihi thong nha't cua cai sinh hgc va cai xa hgi. Ong
th&a
nhan con ngudi la mot dgng vat cao cap nhat, la san pham cua
sir
tie'n hoa
lau dai ciia tu nhien,
ciia
gidi sinh vat. Nhu mgi dgng vat khac, con ngudi la mot
bg phan ciia
Ihien
nhien, con ngudi phai dau
Iranh
de sinh ton. Tuy nhien, Mac
khong thira nhan quan
di^m
cho rang : cai duy nha't
lac^

nen ban chat con ngudi
la dac tfnh sinh hgc, la ban nang sinh vat
ciia
con ngudi. Con ngudi vdn la mot
sinh vat cd day dii nhung dac
tnJng
cua sinh vat nhung lai cd nhieu diem phan
bift
vdi cac sinh vat khac. Khdng gidng nhu Aritxtdt, Pascal hay Phranklin nhan
dinh du cd diing dan nhung lai phien dien ve con ngudi, Mac
nhin va'n
de ban
chat con ngudi mot
each
cu
th^,
toan dien, xem xet ban chat con ngudi khdng
phai chung chung,
iriiu
tugng ma la trong tfnh hien thuc cua nd. Cac Mac va
Anghen da phan tfch vai trd cua lao dgng san xua't d con ngudi nhu sau :
"
Co
the phdn biet con ngudi
vm siic
vqf,
bang y thiic, bang ton gido, noi chung bang
bdt
cu' cdi gi cung duac. Bdn than con
ngmyi

bat ddu bdng viec tu phdn biet voi
siic
vdt ngay tic khi con ngudi
bdt
ddu sdn xudt ra
nhfmg
tu lieu sinh hoat cua
minh - do
Id
mot
buYyc
tien do to chii'c co the
ngiayi
quy dinh. Sdn xudt ra nhung
tu lieu sinh hoat
ciia
minh, nhu the con ngudi dd gidn tiep sdn xudt ra chinh
d(yi
sdng vdt chdt cua
minh".C'dc
Mac phan
biel
rd :
" Ve
mat the xdc, con ngudi
chi
sdng bdng nhfmg sdn
phdm tu
nhien d'y,
di)

Id dudi hinh thiic thuc phdm, nguyen
lieu,
(pidn
do, nhd
d.
Ve mat thuc tien, con ngudi bieu hien ra chinh d cdi tinh
pho bien, no bien todn bo the gidi
tu
nhien thdnh thdn the vo co cua con ngudi
"
(1).
Bang ke't
luan
:
"
con vdt chi tdi sdn xudt ra hdn thdn nd cdn con ngudi
tin
tdi sdn xudt ra todn bo the gidi tu nhien
"
(2), Cac Mac da neu len mot
each sau
sac
tfnh ta't ye'u cua sU hoa hgp giiia con ngudi va tu nhien cung cd nghla la con
ngudi quan he vdi ban than
minh,
bdi tu nhien la
"
than the vo ca
ciia
con ngudi

Tfnh loai
ciia
con ngUdi
klidng
phai la
linh
loai
Iriiu
lugng. Nd cung cd
nghla la hoat dgng mang
Ifnh
xa hgi. Trong hoat dgng san xual, con ngUdi khdng
the
lach
rdi khdi xa hdi, va loai ngirdi chfnh la
"
xa hgi loai
ngudi".
Con ngudi
cd tfnh xa hgi
Uudc
het bdi ban than hoat ddng san xual
ciia
con ngudi la
hoai
dgng mang tfnh xa hgi. Trong hoat dgng san xual, con ngudi khdng
ihe
lach khdi
xa hdi. Tfnh xa hgi la dac didm ca ban Iam cho con ngudi khac con vat.
(1):

Mac -
Anghen
Toan tap.
T^p
3,
tr.29,
NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia,
1995.
(2):
Mac - Anghen Tuyen tap.
Tap
1,
tr.
117.
NXB Su that,
1980.
8
Hoat ddng ciia con
vSt chi
phuc vu cho nhu cau
true
tiep ciia nd, cdn hoat
dgng con ngudi
gin
H^n
vdi xa hgi va phuc vu cho ca xa hgi, xa hgi
ciing
vdi tu
nhien la
di^u

kidn ton tai ciia con ngudi. Tfnh xa hgi ciia con ngudi ihi hien d
hoat ddng va giao
li^p
xa hgi. Hoat ddng cua con ngudi khdng phai hoat dgng
theo ban nang ma la hoat ddng cd
f
thiic. Tu duy con ngudi phat tridn trong hoat
ddng giao tiep xa hgi; trudc het la trong hoat ddng lao dgng san xua't. Vdi y
nghla nay, cd thd ndi con ngudi phan biet vdi dgng vat d tu duy ma ngdn ngu
chfnh la cai vd vat cha't. Lf do chfnh la bdi ca sd ciia tu duy la
hoai
ddng thuc
tiSn
xa hdi. "Nhiing mien
sau
tham
ciia
tam linh
"
cung khdng thd cd dugc neu
nhu khdng cd hoat dgng mang tfnh xa hdi va nhung quan he xa hdi cua con
ngudi.
Ndi tdm lai, con ngudi khac con vat ve ban
cha^t
d ca ba mat: quan he vdi
thien nhien, quan he vdi xa hdi va quan he vdi ban than. Ca ba mdi quan he dd
deu mang tfnh xa hgi, trong dd quan he xa hgi la quan he ban chat nha't, bao quat
nha't trong mgi hoat dgng cua con ngudi, ca trong lao ddng, sinh con cai va lu
duy.
Cac Mac ndi :

"
Trong tinh hien thu'c
ciia
no, bdn chdt con ngudi Id tdng
hod cua cdc
cpmn
he xd
hpi''
(3) va nhirng quan he ay bidu hien trong loan bd
hoat ddng
ciia
con ngirdi. Khdng cd con ngudi Iriiu lugng ma
chi
cd con ngirdi
sdng, hoat ddng trong mdt xa hgi nhat dinh. mdt thdi dai nhat dinh, Irong nhung
dieu kien lich
sir
nha't dinh, nghla la nhung con ngudi
ciing
xa hgi
minh
khai
thac thien nhien, sinh
hoai
xa hdi va
phai
Irien y
ihiic.
Chi
trong loan bd nhiing

quan he cu thd dd, con ngudi mdi bdc
Id
va
ihuc
hien nhiing ban chat
thai sir
ciia
minh. Xet ve ban cha't cua mot con ngudi cung nhu mot dan tgc phai xua't phat tu
loan bg nhirng quan he xa hdi a'y.
Tfnh xa hdi cua con ngudi
phai
trien tii
Iha'p
den cao, lii hoat ddng ban
nang den hoat dgng cd y thiic, cung nhu ban than y thiic. Con ngudi khdng
chi
cd ban nang sinh hgc ma cdn cd ban nang xa hgi. Cai ban nang xa hdi da bat
dfiu
nhen nhdm trong nhimg lap doan dgng
vai,
lao
nen
tfnh xa hgi
ciia
nhung ddng
vat a'y. Tuy nhien nd la sd fl va
chi
d con ngirdi tfnh xa hdi mdi
dai
den dinh cao

hoan thien.
Lao ddng, nhu da ndi la
hoai
dgng rieng cd
ciia
con ngudi. Lao dgng luc
mdi phat sinh va phat tridn lii
id litMi
loai vugn mang tfnh ban nang nhung khi y
thiic va ngdn ngu xua't hien,
phai Iricn ihi
lao dgng
Ird
thanh hoat dgng mang
tfnh
xahgi.
Cung phai tha'y
mdi
dieu rang klidng cd cai xa hgi
ihufin
luy cung
(3):
Mac - Anghen
To&n
tap. Tap 3, tr.
11.
NXB Chfnh tri Qu6'c gia.
1995
nhu cai sinh hgc
thudn

tuy ton tai ddc lap lach rdi nhau, ma trai lai xa hdi la
phuong thiic cho con ngudi thoa man nhiing nhu cau sinh hgc ngay cang van
minh han, lam cho su ton tai ciia con ngudi hop
If
han. Dd cung la muc dfch ciia
hanh vi xa hgi.
Diing tren quan didm duy
vai
bien chiing trong ca tu nhien va xa hdi, Mac
da xem xet ve nguon gdc va ban chat con ngudi, dua ra nhiing
If
luan diing dan
va sau sac. Nd da trd thanh
If
luan dan dudng cho ta't ca nhiing
If
thuye't sau nay
ciia Mac vd con ngudi - con ngudi hgi tu
ddy
du tfnh tu nhien va tfnh xa hgi nhu
nd vdn cd.
1.2. Chu nghia xd
hpi
xod bo nguon gdc ddi lap giUa cd nhdn vd xd hoi.
Nguon gdc ciia sU ddi lap giiia ca nhan va xa hgi la che do tu hiiu ve tu
li6u
san xua't. Dieu nay khdng phai do chu nghla xa hdi phat hien ra, nhung phai
dgi de'n
chii
nghla xa hdi ngudn gdc cua

sir
ddi lap dd mdi hi xoa bd va
ta'l
yeu bi
xoa bd.
Chang phai nhu
tir
xua ngudi ta da thay " nen bac dam toac
Id
gia'y
*',
len
an
"
anh em gao, dao ngai lien
"
hay
"
mieng nha quan cd gang cd thep
*'
dd sao
? Chang phai tii xua ngay ca ngudi kem
ihdng
minh nha't cung
thSfy
dugc
sir
khac
nhau giiia quyen lgi va nghla vu trong xa hgi cd giai ca'p, tfm rugt bam gan khi
phai td son diem

phSfn
cho
sir
ddi lap ay dd sao ? Nhung rdi ngudi la hoac
la
bi
lira
bip va tu an ui
minh "
trdi sinh ra the, xa hgi phai cd ngudi giau ke khd, ke
cd cdng ngudi cd cua
",
hoac cung chi keu than
"
trdi sao an d
b^l
cdng ", hi
vgng mot
"
chfnh phii tdt
", mdi "
nha nudc nhan dan
lir
do " diing
lien
cac giai
ca'p dd
cdm can
nay
mirc

! Nhidu han
mdi chul
la
''
lam giac nhan
diic "
My
ciia
nha giau chia cho nha ngheo. Nhieu nhat cung
chi
la
''
ndi can qua
*'
dd thay bac
ddi ngdi. Rdt cugc thdi dai van minh ma dac
Irung
ndi bat la nha nudc vdi tu
each
la bg may diing dd dan ap giai ca'p thdng tri a'y vdn
cii
tdn lai.
Che
do lu hiiu
da trai qua bao nhieu thay ddi, cai bien lien tiep Irong lich
sir
vdn
cii
la che do tu
hiiu va la che do tu

hiiu
ngay cang hoan bi
him
cho den tmdc chu nghla xa hgi.
Phai den chii nghla xa hgi mdi ket thiic dugc
Ihdi
dai van minh - xa hgi cd
giai ca'p a'y, mdi xoa bd dugc che do tu hiiu ay, bdi
vi
lich su xa hgi da tao nen
nhiJng
tien de khach quan qui dinh va cho phep xoa bd han che do lu hiiu : dd la
lire
lugng san xua't dd so va giai cdp vd san cdng nghiep, giai cdp dai dien cho
phuang thiic san xudt mdi, hoan loan cd kha nang xoa bd che do lu huu va
xay
dung xa hgi mdi - xa hgi xa hgi chu nghia, cdng san
chii
nghla. Khdng phai chu
nghla xa hgi xda bd che do sd huu ca
nlian nen
xoa bd ca ca nhan nhu cac nha
lu
san len an ma
sir
that chu nghia xa hgi chi xoa bd
che
do
lu
huu vc

lu lieu
san
10
xudt cua giai cdp tu san, cung
tiic
la che do tu hiiu d dinh cao, d giai doan cudi
cung ciia nd, xoa bd quyen eiia giai cap tu san chie'm hiiu nhiing san phdm xa hdi
dd no djch lao dgng ciia ngudi khac.
Xoa bd han che do tu
hiiu
vd
lu
lieu san xudt
thi
xoa bd dugc ngudn gdc
sU ddi
lap
giiia ca nhan va xa hgi.
Tai sao
vay
? Dan gian la
vi
Irong xa hdi xa hgi
chii
nghla, mgi ca nhan
thanh vi6n cua nd deu dugc phat tridn va ngay cang cd dieu kien ngang nhau dd
cung phat tridn nhjp nhang theo da phat tridn chung ciia xa hdi. Trong chii nghla
xa hgi, mgi tu lieu san xudt deu la
ciia
chung cua ca xa hdi va dem

diing
cho
loan thd xa hdi theo mot ke hoach chung. Mdt che do hoan loan mdi, che do lam
chij
tap thd xa hdi chii nghla cua nhung ngudi lao ddng
tir
do va
binh
dang xudt
hien.
Che
do lam chu tap thd nay, trudc la xa hgi
chii
nghla rdi sau tien len cdng
san chii nghla, chfnh la
hinh
thiic che do xa hgi bao dam dugc
sir
nhdt trf giua ca
nhan va xa hdi Cac nha sang lap chu nghla Mac da luan doan rang che do lam
chii tap thd se xudt hien trong mot xa hgi
tiKmg
lai tren ca sd cdng hiiu ve tu
lieu san xudt. Phat tridn chii nghla Mac - Lenin xay dung nen dan chu vugt ra
khdi xa hgi tu san, het thay mgi ngirdi Iao dgng deu tham gia quan If nha nudc.
Ngay nay, nen dan chii xa hgi
chii
nghia mot nghin ldn han nen dan
chii
Irong

cac nudc tu ban chu nghla. Trong dieu kien mdi, xudt phat tii
linh hinh Ihuc te
Viet Nam, Dang cdng san Viet Nam
phai
trien chu nghla Mac - Lenin, hgc tap
kinh nghiem cac
nudc
xa hgi chii nghla anh em, neu cao viec lam
chii
ciia nhan
dan lao dgng tren ca sd cong hiiu tu lieu san xudt ngay sau khi thiet
lap
chuyen
chinh vd san. Ngay tii nam
1958,
Hd
Chii
Tich da ndi :
"
che
dp
xd hpi chu nghTa
vd cong sdn
chit
nghTa Id
did
do do nhdn ddn lao dpng Idm chu
".
Nghi quyet
cua dai hgi ldn

thir
IV ciia Dang cdng san Viel Nam
chi id
:" xdy dung che dp
Idm
chii
tap thexd hpi chu nghTa Id mot trong hdn muc tieu ca bdn
ciia
cdch
mang xd hpi
chii
nghTa a nudc ta
'\
Lam chii
tap thd ciia nhan dan Iao dgng la viec hoan loan mdi nhung la
sir
phat tridn hoan loan hgp qui luat. Xay dung che do Iam
chii
lap thd xa hgi
chii
nghla la mot yeu cdu khach quan va
tdi
yeu cua
each
mang xa hgi
chii
nghla.
Cach mang xa hgi chu nghla la cudc
each
mang toan dien,

sau sac
va
tricl
dd nhdt trong lich
sir loai
ngudi. Dd la qua Irlnh dau tranh each mang de xay
dung che do mdi -
chS'
do lam
chii
tap the xa hgi chu nghla cua nhan dan Iao
dgng. Dd la qua Irlnh
xay
dung mot
hinh
thai kinh le - xa hgi mdi, trong dd nhan
dan lao dgng duge that
sir
lam chu tren mgi mat cua ddi sdng xa hgi. Dd la cugc
ddu tranh ddy gian khd va phiic lap. Mudn vay, phai
id
chiic dgng vien cho dugc
tfnh tfch
cue each
mang, tfnh chii ddng sang tao cua hang trieu con ngudi, doan
k^t
dudi
sir
lanh dao ciia Dang cdng san. Che do lam chu tap thd cua nhan dan
lao dgng

vtra
la muc dfch
vira
la dgng
lire
cua loan bd
sir
nghiep each mang xa
hgi chu nghla.
ChS'
do lam chii tap thd cua nhan dan lao dgng hoan loan klidng cd
gi
trai
vdi chuyen chfnh vd
san.Chuyen
chfnh vd san chfnh la quyen lam chii tap
ihd
cua nhan dan lao dgng dugc thuc hien trong qua Irlnh xay dung va bao ve Td
qudc xa hdi chu nghla.
Che do lam chii tap thd xa hgi chu nghla la ket qua tdng hgp
ciia
loan hd
qua Irlnh
each
mang xa hgi chu nghla. O nude la, dd la ket qua long hgp
ciia
ca
ba cudc each mang : each mang ve quan he san xudt,
each
mang khoa hgc kl

thuat, each mang tu tudng va van hoa, trong dd each mang khoa hgc kl thuat la
then chdt.
Trong qua trinh
hinh
thanh va khdng
ngimg
hoan thien che do Iam chu tap
thd xa hgi chu nghla, nen kinh le xa hdi chu nghla, nen van hoa va con ngudi xa
hgi chii nghla lac ddng qua lai ldn nhau theo qui luat nhan qua va
ihiic
ddy Idn
nhau cung
phai
tridn.
Chii nghla xa hdi cang phat Irien
ihl
cac quan he xa hgi chu nghla cung
ngay cang md rgng, va ddi hdi khdng
ngiing
dugc dam bao bang
id
chiic, bdng
thd che, bang nguyen ldc, bang lieu chuan.
lYen
ca sd dd ma che do lam chu lap
thd xa hdi
chii
nghla dugc hoan thien ddn ddn, bao dam cho nhan dan lao dgng
chang nhiing cd quyen lam
chii

that
sir,
ma cdn cd mgi dieu kien
ihuan
lgi dd
phat huy nang
lUc
lam chu, chdng nhiing lam chu xa hgi mot each
lu
giac ma
cdn cd phuang hudng dd Iam
chii
thien nhien, lam chu cugc sdng cua
minh
mot
each
cd hieu qua nhdt. Khi da thd hien nhu
mgi
kl cuang, mot ldi sdng phd bie'n
trong xa hdi
ihl
lam chu tap thd ciia nhan dan lao dgng that sU trd thanh mot che
dd sinh hoat cua xa hgi va che do Iam chu xa hgi chu nghla se phan anh ddy du
thuc chat
chii
nghla xa hgi vdi
idt
ca
Ifnh
uu viel cua nd.

Xuat phat lir nhimg
lu
ludng
ciia
Mac. Anghen va Lenin ve
each
mang xa
hgi
chii
nghla va chuyen chfnh vd san, ve vai
lid
quyet dinh
ciia
qudn chiing
nhan dan, ve kha nang vuan len Iam chu
Ihicn
nhien, lam
chii
xa hdi va lam
chii
ban than con ngudi ; xudt
phai
lii nhiing qui
lual
phd bien
ciia
chu nghla cdng
san khoa hgc va kinh nghiem
ciia
cac nudc xa hdi chu nghla anh em ; xudt phat

lir yen cdu tat yeu
ciia
each mang xa hgi
chii
nghla d nudc ta va
Iruyen
ihdng
ldi
dep cua dan tgc Viet Nam, Dang la da khdng dinh
xay
dung che do lam
chii
lap
the xa hgi chii nghla la mdt trong nhiing
miic
lieu ca ban cua
each
mang xa hgi
12
chii nghla d nudc
la.
" Ldm
chit tap the Id hanh phiic Idn nhdt, ddng thdi Id cdi
dep nhdt cua con ngudi. Hien nay, nudc ta xdy dung che do Idm
chii
xd hoi
chii
nghTa
ciia
nhdn ddn lao dpng de vita thuc hien tinh qui ludt

ciia
thdi dai, vica ke
thiia vd ndng cao truyen thdng vdn hod yeu nudc vd ddn
chii
hdng nghin ndm
ciia
ddn tpc Viet Nam "(Le Dudn). Do dd, khdng phai dgi den khi cd nen kinh le
phat tridn eao, ma ngay tir chang dudng ddu lien
ciia
thdi kl qua do ta cd
ihe xay
dung timg budc che do lam
chii
xa hdi
chii
nghla.
Che do lam chii tap
ihd
xa hdi chu nghla la
che
do lam chu tren lap
tiordng
giai cdp cdng nhan, ma ngudi lam
chii
lap thd chfnh la nhan dan lao dgng, cd td
chiic dudi
sir
lanh dao cua Dang ; trong dd, Igi fch rieng va lgi fch chung, nghla
vu va quydn lgi,
sir

phat tridn ciia loan xa hgi va
sir phai
tridn
eiia
tirng ca nhan la
thdng nhdt.
Che'
do lam chu tap thd xa hgi chu nghla la giai doan cao cua qua
trinh da'u tranh
vucm
len Iam
chii
cua nhan dan lao ddng.
Che do lam chu xa hgi
chii
nghTa cd ca sd kinh te
ciia
nd
la
nen san xual
Idn xa hgi
chii
nghla, cd nen van hoa mdi va con ngirdi mdi
ciia
nd, bao dam cho
nhan dan lao ddng lam
chii
mdt each loan dien. Ndi dung lam
chii
ngay

mdi
rgng ldn va phong phu, bao gdm :
"
lam chu ve chfnh trj, kinh te, van hoa, xa
hgi,
lam chu thien nhien, lam chii ban than ; lam chu trong pham vi ca nudc,
trong mdi dia phuang, mdi ca sd. Quyen lam
chii
tap thd bao gdm quyen tu do
chan chfnh
ciia
mdi ca nhan
".
Trong che do xa hgi chu nghla, nhan dan lao dgng lam chu xa hgi loan
dien va ddy
dii.
Lam
chii
xa hgi la Iam chu ve kinh te, chfnh
Iri,
van hoa, xa hdi. Mudn
xay
dung che do lam
chii
lap thd, dieu kien ddu lien la phai gianh dugc quyen
Iam chu ve chfnh tri,
tiic la
thiel lap chfnh quyen
ciia
nhan dan lao dgng, lay lien

minh cdng ndng lam nen lang va do giai cap cdng nhan lanh dao. Lam chu ve
chfnh tri eung chfnh la giu
vuiig
quyen
lire
chfnh tri cua nhan dan dudi
sir
lanh
dao
ciia
giai cap cdng nhan,
la
giii vung cac mdi quan he diing ddn giiia Dang,
Nha nudc va nhan dan lao dgng, dd bao dam cho nhan dan lao dgng that
sir
lam
chii
xa hgi, hieu rd va biet sir dung
quyen lire
chfnh
Iri
cua
minh.
Lam
chii
ve
chfnh
Iri
mdt mat bao dam quyen lam
chii ciia

nhan dan Iao ddng, mat khac kien
quyet dap lan mgi
am
mUu va hanh dgng chdng ddi
ciia
ke
ihii,
nhdm bao ve To
qudc xa hgi
clui
nghla va mgi thanh qua
ciia chii
nghTa xa hdi.
Lam
chii
ve chfnh
Iri
la dieu
kien
Iam
chii lien
cac ITnh vuc khac cua ddi
sdng xa hdi, nhung trong dd lam
chii
ve kinh te la
cn
ban
nhal.
Chfnh
(juyen

lam
chii
ve kinh le da lao ra ca sd cho
sir
quyel dinh
iohn
bd che do lam
chii
tap
ihc,
13
ca sd cho
sir
nhdt trf giua ca nhan va xa hdi. Toan thd xa hdi nam
Idy
tu lieu san
xudt va dem dung cho toan xa hgi theo mdt ke hoach chung. Dd la lam chu tap
thd ve kinh
tS',
bao gdm : lam
chii
nhiing tu lieu san xudt trong xa hdi, quyen sd
hiru
dugc thuc
hien
dudi hai
hinh
thiic sd
hiiu
toan dan va sd huu tap thd ; phan

bd su dung toan bg
siic
lao dgng mot each hgp
If,
cd td chiic va quan
If
ndn san
xudt xa hgi theo mot ke hoach thdng nhdt, khoa hgc dd tao ra nhieu cua cai ; td
chiic vide phan phdi cdng bang, hgp
If,
nham thoa man ngay mdt tdt han nhung
nhu cdu vat chdt va tinh thdn cua nhan dan tren ca sd mdt nen kl thuat hien dai.
Lam chii tap thd ve kinh te, trong pham vi ca nudc, d timg dja phuang cung nhu
d
timg
ca sd la nham bao dam san xudt va md rgng san xudt khdng ngirng, ddng
thdi nang cao ddn
miic
sdng ciia nhan dan
Canh tugng dep de nay, each day ca the
ki
Mac da phac hoa :
"
cluing ta
hay tudng tuang mot khdi lien ket nhung ngudi tu do, lao dpng bdng tu lieu sdn
xudt vd tieu phi nhung
sue
luc cd nhdn hp theo mot ke hoach hod hap, nhu chi
phi ciing mot
siic

lao dpng xd hpi duy nhdt "(Tuyen ngdn Dang cdng san).
Chfnh la tren ca sd lam
chii
ve kinh te ngay mdt hoan thien dd ma cd
dugc sU nha't trf vd chfnh tri va tinh thdn ngay mot viing chdc. Nhu d Viet Nam la
chang han, nhan dan lao ddng vdn cd mot lich sir ddu tranh lau dai cho ddc lap
tu do va mot truyen thdng cdng ddng
tir
thdi cdng xa nen rdt
klial
khao va dam hi
sinh tdt ca dd
giii
Idy quyen lam
chii
ve chfnh
Iri
da gianh dugc dudi
sir
lanh dao
cua Dang tien phong;
sir
doan
kei
nhdt
Irf
ve chfnh
Iri
va tinh thdn da cd
ciia

nhan dan ta do dd ngay nay cang dugc cung cd. Nhung
Iren
ca sd Iam
chii
ve
kinh te
mgi each
tap thd
sir
doan ket va nhal
Irf
ve chfnh tri, linh thdn dd mdi that
su rdng rai va hoan loan vung chdc nhat vl Igi fch kinh le la dgng
lire
can ban de
mgi ngudi tfch cUc tham gia cac qua
Irinh
Iao ddng, tham gia ddi sdng chfnh tri
va xa hgi cua dat nudc. Do dd, he thdng cac quan he xa hgi se ngay cang hoan
chinh, ca can Iam
chii
tap
Ihd
xa hdi
chii
nghTa se ngay cang hoan
ihien
han, bao
dam cho nhan dan lao ddng that
sir

lam
chii
xa hdi, hidu
id
va biet sir dung
quydn
lire
chfnh tri cua
minh,
lU
giac tu
nguyen Ihuc
hien nghTa vu cdng dan.
Tren ca sd lam chu lap
ihd
ve kinh le, mgi ngirdi lao dgng Iam
chii
lap the
vd van hoa, lam
chii
cugc sdng tinh thdn phong phu bao dam mgi gia
Iri
van hoa
ciia
dat nUdc
ihuc sir
la tai san chung ; nhan dan lao ddng dugc hudng nhirng gia
tri van hoa ddng thdi sang lao ra nhung gia
Iri
van hoa mdi.

Ba mat lam chu ve chfnh
Iri,
kinh le. van hoa cd quan he gdn hd va lac
dgng hiiu ca vdi nhau. Thuc hien dugc ngi dung Iam
chii
mot
each
loan
dien
nhu
the cung
tire
la timg budc
Ihuc
hien dugc viec Iam
chii
xa hdi, Iam clui
IhicMi
14
nhiSn
va lam chii ban than. Dd chfnh la
sii
menh thieng lieng cua con ngudi ma
ldn ddu tien trong
Ijch sir
da dugc Anghen ndi tdi.
Lam chii xa hgi (nghla hep) la nhan dan lao dgng lam
chii
mgi quan
he

sinh hoat xa hdi : cham sdc tre em, nuoi
dufmg
ngudi gia yeu, tan tat, bao dam
sinh hoat xa hgi lanh manh, van minh nhdm xay dung nhung mdi quan he
idt
dep giiia ngUdi va ngudi theo
le
sdng xa hdi
chii
nghla " mdi ngudi vl mgi ngirdi,
mgi ngudi vl mdi ngudi ". Lam chu xa hdi cung
liic
la nhan
thiire
va van dung cac
qui luat phat tridn xa hgi vao Irong hoat dgng thuc tidn dd cai tao xa hdi cu va
xay
dung xa hdi mdi, xoa bd che do ngudi bdc lot ngudi, thuc hien quyen lam
chu cua nhan dan Iao dgng trong pham vi ca nude, trong mdi dia phucmg, mdi ca
sd, tren tdt ca cac mat chfnh tri, kinh le, van hoa. Nhung viee dd klidng phai la
dd dang. Bdi le chu nghla xa hdi,
chii
nghla cdng san la mdt he thdng td chii'c san
xudt va phan phdi het
siic
khoa hgc, phiic tap, tinh te va ngay cang hgp
If.
Nd
bao dam thuc ddy manh me
sir

phat Irien
ciia
san xudt va nang sudt Iao dgng xa
hgi tren ca sd kl thuat ngay cang ddi mdi va quan he san xudt ngay cang hoan
thien. Dd la mdt xa hdi cd
id
chiifc eao nhal va la xa hdi cao nhal trong
lich
sir.
Lam
chii
xa hdi chfnh la dieu
kien
dd cd the
vinm
len manh me lam
chii
lu
nhien va lam chu ban than.
Con ngirdi lir trudc de'n nay ludn
ludn
ddu tranh
lien
hai mat : ddu tranh
vdi thien nhien va ddu tranh trong xa hgi dd lien tdi Irlnh do lao dgng ngay cang
cao.
Dudi che do xa hgi eu, nhan dan lao dgng hi
kim
ham vd phuang dien xa
hgi,

khdng cd dieu kien thuan lgi dd lam
chii
thien nhien. Cac giai cdp bdc lot
giii mgi dac quyen, dac lgi ve nhiJng tri thiic khoa hgc va
kim
ham ddng dao
nhan dan lao dgng d trong vdng ngu ddt. Chi cd trong xa hgi xa hdi chii nghla
nhan dan lao dgng mdi cd didu kien tiep thu tri
ihirc
khoa hgc, ddu tranh chinh
phue thien nhien ldm chu thien nhien va lam chu ban than
minh.
Anghen chi rd :
" Mot khi dd Idm
chii
duac phuang thiic sinh hoat trong xd hoi
ciia
minh thi cung
chinh do dd md trd thdnh ngudi Idm
chii
cd chinh minh,
tiic
Id trd thdnh ngudi tu
do "(4).
Mudn lam
chii
ihien nhien phai ndm dugc qui luat van dgng
ciia
Ihien
nhien, ndm dugc khoa hgc kl thuat de che

ngir
va lgi dung Ihien nhien phuc vu
ddi sdng xa hdi. Lam
chii
Ihien nhien khdng tach rdi khdi lam
chii
khoa hgc kl
thuat. Nhimg thanh
liru
khoa hgc la lai san chung
ciia
nhan dan cdn dugc phd
cap
cho mgi ngudi, cdn dugc sir dung vao
vice
phuc vu san xudt va phuc vu ddi
sdng. Sire manh, tfnh tu giac, trf tue, lai nang cua lap
ihd
cho phep md rgng
(4):
Mac
-
Anghen Tuydn tap. Tap 3. NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 1995
15
nhanh chdng pham vi hidu biet eiia con ngudi ca vd chieu rdng va chieu
sau
ciia
gidi tu nhien, cai tao va lgi dung tu nhien theo nhiing ke hoach va quy md ldn vl
ddi sdng
xahgi.

TrCn
ca sd nang eao trinh do lam chu xa hgi, lam
chii
thien nhien ma trinh
do lam chii ban than cua con ngudi cung dugc nang cao. Bdi le neu nhu con
ngudi cdn yeu dudi tmdc tu nhien, bdt luc tmdc xa hgi
thi
nhimg nguyen vgng
dugc phat huy sd tmdng va nang khieu ca nhan, nhirng udc ma ve mdt cugc sdng
vat chdt va tinh thdn phong phii, ngay cang tdt dep
hOn
eung se
chi
la ao tudng.
Dd
cQng
la le giai thfch vl sao dudi che' do cu, eon ngUdi neu khdng gui
van
minh
cho sd phan
thi
ciing budng trdi cudc ddi cho may
riii.Chi
den chu nghla
xa hgi, do da budc ddu nhan thiic dugc quy luat cua tu nhien, cua xa hgi, con
ngUdi mdi khdng nhiing bie't
minh
cd thd lam
gl,
ma cdn bie't

minh
phai lam nhu
the'nao
dd dat dugc nhiing dieu mong mudn.
Lam chu ban than thd hien d chd con ngudi ngay cang dugc giai phdng
khdi
tinh
trang mu
quailg,
ngay cang
chii
dgng, tu giac trong lao ddng san xudt,
hoat dgng xa hdi, khdng ngiing nang cao tdm tu ludng, nghi luc each mang, kha
nang sang tao
ciia minh
trong qua trinh cai lao xa hgi cii, xay dung xa hdi mdi -
xa hgi chii nghla va cong san chii nghla.
Lam chii ban than cdn la viec gat bd nhirng due vgng thdp
hen,thudng
xuyen trau ddi dao
diic
each mang, lam nhieu dieu cd fch cho td qudc, cd lgi cho
nhan ddn. Bdi the', lam chu ban than cdn la viec nhan thiic quy luat cua tu nhien,
xa hgi dd rdi tu giac didu chinh tu tudng va
tinh
cam, hanh dgng cua ban than
minh
sdo
cho phii hop. Tir dd con ngudi cd thd chu dgng tac dgng mot each tfch
cue

deii
viec chinh phuc tu nhien va cai tao xa hdi theo nhu du kien ke hoach cua
I ' r . •
minh.
Chi
de'n
Iiic
dd, con ngudi mdi thirc
sir
trd thanh eon ngudi tu do theo diing
nhu y rtghla Anghen ndi, dd la ldn ddu tien con ngudi
vinh
vidn thoat khdi gidi
ddng vat, ldn ddu tien eon ngudi trd ihanh chu thuc
sir
va cd y thiic ddi vdi tu
nhien, bdi vl hg da trd thanh nhirng ngudi
chii
cugc sdng
ciia minh
Irong xa hgi.
Vdi noi dung phong phu, day
dii
va sau
sSc
nhu the, che do lam chu
t9p
th^
xa hoi chu nghla ro rang la mot che do phat huy duoc cao
nh^t sure

sang tao
cua
qu^n
chung, tac dong manh me den tien trinh phat trien cua lich
sir.
Tiong
che do a'y, con
ngu5i
co
dugfc
" binh dang vd ddn
clui
thuc
sickhong
phdi tren
gia'y ma trong
cugc
song thuc te : khong phdi tren nhiing /r>/' noi chinh tri sudng
md Id trong hien
thitc
kinh
tt
(Lenin), tii do ma co duoc
sir
hoa hop giua ca
nhan va xa hoi. Chung ta khong nghT rang sU nhal
Iri
giua ca nhan va xa hoi
duoc thuc hien thong qua cac tap the xa hoi
chii

nghTa
O
day ngay lap
tiic
la
sir
nhat trf hoan loan, tuyet
ddi
khong cdn nhung man
ihuAn
giua ca nhan va xa
lini.
16
i^M-,
li-ki
i^\„ivn.
iy\-//MN V
u:iiN
I iTLrt
iffl
N1£N
SINH
VIEN
veil
CAC PHONG TRAO CONG
SAN
Khong, su nhdt trf cd tfnh lich sir cua nd. Dd la
sir
nhdt trf dang trong qua Irlnh
phat tridn tir chd nhdt trf vd ca ban, ddn dan theo da phat tridn

eiia
ndn san xudt
ldn xa hgi chu nghla cung nhu cua y thu'c va nang
lire
lam chu tap thd cua mdi
thanh vien trong xa hgi ma tie'n den
sir
nhal
Irf
hoan loan. Nhung dd la qua trinh
da djnh hudng ro rang va
diit
khoat.
Nhu
vay
la chi khi xa hgi trd Ihanh mot cdng ddng lam
chii ciia
nhiing
ngudi lao dgng lu nguyen lien hgp lai dc che ngu, lgi dung cac qua Irlnh xa hdi
va cae
lire
lugng tu nhien den miifc ldi da vl hanh phiic
ciia
ca xa hgi va do dd la
ciia
mdi ca nhan
thi
mdi chdm diirt dugc
sir
xung dot giii'a ca nhan va xa hdi, mdi

cd dugc
sir
nhdt trf va phat tridn hai hoa
giifa
ca nhan va xa hgi.
Nhung dieu mdu chdt d day la gl 7
La ndm dugc qui luat khach quan va hoat ddng
phti
hgp vdi qui luat khach
quan.
Xa hdi la mot
dOn
vj cd qui luat phat tridn cua nd. Ca nhan la mot dan vj,
cung cd qui luat phat tridn rieng. Qui Iuat phat tridn cua xa hdi khdng phai la cai
gl nam ben ngoai hay ben canh ddi sdng va hoat dgng
ciia
con ngudi ma chfnh la
qui luat hoat ddng
ciia
ban than hg. Khong cd
hoai
dgng
ciia
con ngUdi
ihl
cung
klidng cd ban than xa hgi va ducmg nhien cung khong cd qui luat phat tridn
ciia
xa hgi. Ljch sir chdng qua cung
la kei

qua
ciia
nhung con ngudi theo dudi
miic
dfch
ciia
ban than
minh.
Song, cac nha kinh didn
ciia chii
nghla Mac - Lenin da
nhieu ldn nhdn manh : nhan
id
dd
dti
cd quan trgng nhu the nao, cung khong
may may thay ddi sU that la lien trinh Ijch sir hi nhung qui luat ben trong chi
phdi, xa hdi vdn tien tridn nhu mot qua trinh ljch sir lu nhien luan theo nhirng qui
Iuat khach quan, dgc lap khdng phu
ihugc
vao y chf cua con ngudi.
Con ngudi sang tao ra
lich
sir
ciia minh
nhung tir trudc den nay, hg chua
man
theo mdt y chf tap the, theo mot ke hoach chung trong khudn khd mot xa
hgi nhdt djnh, cd to chiic. Trong qua Irlnh san xual, trao ddi va phan phdi san
phdm va trong cac

linh
vuc khac, ca nhan thudc cac giai cap khac nhau nen theo
dudi nhung muc dfch khac nhau va chdng ddi nhau. Dieu ma ca nhan nay mong
mudn lai hi ca nhan khac can trd va
ket
qua cudi ciing xual hien su xung dot
giua mudn van y chf
ciia
ca nhan, dd
la
dieu khdng ai mong mudn ca. Do khdng
nhan thirc dugc nhimg qui luat khach
tiuan ciia
xa hgi
ihd
hien ngay Irong hoat
dgng thuc tidn
ciia minh
nen hg vdn bi nhirng qui luat khach quan ay chi phdi
nhu mot luc lugng xa la. Va dd
la nguycMi
nhan Iam lan vd biel bao
linh
loan va
mong tudng
chii
quan, nguyen nhan
ciia
biel bao bi kich giai cap va ca nhan. cua
OTiinch

17
NH
NIhN :SINH VIbN
VOI CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN
mgi
mau
thudn giua ca nhan va xa hoi, cung la nguyen nhan xa hdi
ciia
ca me tfn
va ton giao
nira.
Ngay nay, dudi che do xa hgi chu nghla, lich sir loai ngudi da phat tridn
den chd tmc tiep ndm
Idy lire
lugng san
xudl
hung manh, cd tfnh chdt xa hgi cao,
con
nguc:fi
do nhan thiic duge qui luat khach quan nen lam chu dugc ban than
minh,
lam
chii
dugc
the
gidi ben ngoai va sang lao ra lich su
ciia minh
mot each
hoan loan tu giac.Cho nen, vdn
de

mdu chdt
la
phai ndm dugc qui luat khach
quan cua xa hgi, phai td chiic cho ca xa hgi cung nhu
lirng
ca nhan ddu hanh
ddng theo nhirng qui luat dd, xoa bd nhirng xung
ddi
giua y chf ca nhan trong xa
hdi.
Han nua, lam cho y chf ca nhan
ciia
hang trieu con ngudi trd thanh mot y
chf tap thd, hudng mgi cd gdng ca nhan
ciia
hang trieu con ngudi vao mot ke
hoach chung phu hgp vdi qui lual phat tridn
ciia
xa hgi xa hgi chu nghla. Dd la
lam chii tap thd, lam
chii
that
sir,
bdi vl
"
lam
chii tiic
la ndm dugc qui luat, suy
nghi
va hanh ddng theo qui luat

".
Dang
ciia
giai cdp cdng nhan vu trang bang
chii
nghla Mac - Lenin chfnh
la
lire
lugng tien phong nam qui luat dd. Nha nude chuyen chfnh vd san
la
do
nhan dan lao dgng tu td chirc lai dd thuc hien qui luat dd tren qui md loan xa hdi.
Nhan dan lam
chii
la tu giac hanh dgng theo qui lual dd.
"
Su Idnh dao
ciia
i)dng
Id bdo ddm cao nhdt
ciia
chd dp Idm
chii
tap the
ciia
nhdn ddn lao dpng
"
(
Trudng Chinh ). Quy luat khach quan
ciia

xa hgi do Dang phat
hien
ra, dugc van
dung cu thd hoa bang dudng ldi chfnh sach
ciia
Dang va Nha nudc, se hudng ddn
nhan dan lao dgng
tir id
chiic Iai nen san xuat va phan phdi mot each cd ke hoach
tren ca sd cdng hiru xa hgi
chii
nghTa ve lu lieu san xual, bao dam cho mgi ngudi
thirc hien va phat tridn quyen Iam
chii
lap the
ciia minh
vd mgi mat tren pham vi
ca nudc, trong
lirng
dia phuang cung nhu liing
c(y
sd. Va khi ma ca cdng ddng xa
hgi cung nhu lirng ca nhan deu do ndm dugc qui Iuat ma cd dugc suy
nghi
dung,
phuang hudng va phuang phap hanh dgng diing,
phii
hgp vdi qui Iuat tien len
ciia
ljch sir,

liic
la lam chu dugc that su xa hgi, lu nhien va ban than. Mau thudn
ca nhan va xa hgi khdng cdn nua, thay vao dd ca nhan va xa hgi se ciing
phai
tridn nhjp nhang vdi mot ldc do cao chua lirng cd, xa hgi cang lien len
thi
ca
nhan cang dugc
phai
tridn
mdo
loan
dien
va nguac Iai.
Dd la tfnh uu viel rieng cd
ciia clui
nghla xa hdi !
1.3. Chu nghia xd
hpi
tao dieu kien cho cd nhdn phdt trien todn dien
Trong
chii
nghla xa hdi, viec xoa bd linh Uang con ngudi hi no dich bdi lu
lieu san xudt xoa bd
sir
phan cdng lao dgng cu va
id
chii'c Iai nen san xudl xa
hgi,
lam cho

lire
lugng san xudl ngay cang Idn manh vdi ldc do cao chua lirng
18
.NH
NI£N
SINH
VlfiN VClI
CAc PHONG TRAO CONG
SAN
thdy, cho phep phan cdng lao ddng hgp
If
han va thoa man ngay cang tdt han
nhu cdu vat cha't va van hoa cho ta't ca mgi Ihanh vien Irong xa hdi. Ddng thdi nd
ddi hdi
sir
phat tridn tuang xii'ng mot each loan dien nang
lire ciia
mdi ca nhan.
Dudi chii nghla xa hdi, mgi ngudi ddu lao dgng theo
sir
phan cdng cua xa
hgi va chfnh trong lao dgng san xudt dd con
ngual
phat tridn nang luc cua
minh.
"
Sdn xudt Cling
true
tiep Id tieu
diing.Tieu

diing ve hai mat
chii
quan vd
khdeh
quan : cd nhdn phdt trien cdc ndng luc
ciia
minh trong qud trinh sdn
xudt,
ddng
thdi tieu phi, tieu diing cdc ndng
lire
dd trong hdnh vi sdn xudt cung gidng nhu
hdnh vi sinh con de cdi
Id
su tieu phi
siic
sdng
"
( Cac Mac ). Dd la hanh vi ma
chiing ta ggi la lad dgng sang lao - sang tao ra chfnh ban than con ngudi.
Xua nay, lao dgng ddu sang lao ra vat phdm va con ngudi Irong nhiing
mdi quan he nhdt djnh. Vat phdm
Ihi
xa hgi nao cung cd va ngay cang nhieu,
nhung eon
nguiti Ihl
trong cac xa hgi cd giai cap bdc lot khdng phai ai cung dugc
phat
tridn,ma Irai
lai sd ngudi nay phat trien tren ca sd hi sinh sd ngUdi khac,

nhirng ngudi true tie'p Iao dgng san xual ra cae
vai
phdm khdng dugc ddi xir nhu
con ngudi. Nhdt la trong xa hdi lu ban
clui
nghla
"
lao dpng sdn xudt ra cdc vdt
phdm ki dieu cho
nhillig
ngudi
gidu,
nhung nd lai sdn xudt ra su ngheo khd
ciia
cong nhdn. Nd sdng tao ra
Idu
ddi, nhung ddng tdi too ra nhung
tiip
leu
hip xijp
cho cong nhdn. No sdng too ra cdi dep, nhung cung Idm cho cong nhdn xdu xi
di. No thay the lao dpng tay chdn bang lao dong mdy mdc, nhimg do dd md nem
bp phdn cong nhdn tra lai lao dpng dd man vd bien mot ho phdn cdng nhdn khdc
thdnh nhung cdi mdy. No sdn sinh ra tinh than nhung cung sdn xudt ra cd su
ddn don, ngu ngdc coi nhu sd phdn cua cong nhdn" ( Cac Mac ). Chi cd den xa
hgi xa hgi chu nghla, khi che do tu huu ve tu
lieu
san xual da bi
thii
lieu, vice san

xudt lap
Ihd
bdng
luc lugng ciia
loan xa hgi va lam
clui
lap the mgi
vai
pham lam
ra eung vdi
sir
phat
Iridn
mdi
ciia
nen san xuat do viec dd mang Iai, mdi
vira
lao
ra ngay cang nhidu vat phdm, vira
bieii
ddi mgi Ihanh vien Irong xa hgi Ihanh
nhiing eon ngirdi mdi, nhirng con ngirdi hudng tdi
sir
phat Iridn loan dien.
Do muc dfch cua ndn san xual xa hdi
chii
nghla la thoa man ngay cang
ddy dil nhimg nhu cdu vat chdt va van hoa ngay cang tang
ciia
loan xa hdi ; do

phuang tien dd dat muc dfch dy la khdng ngimg
phai
tridn va hoan thien san xudt
tren ca sd che do Iam chu tap
ihd
va
mgi
nen ki
ihual
hien dai ; do ket qua
ciia
ndn kinh le ke hoach hoa va lac dgng
ciia
Nha nudc xa hgi
chii
nghia, Iao ddng
trong xa hgi
chii
nghla mang
linh chdi
va dac die'm mdi. Lao ddng bi bdc
ldi
bien Ihanh lao dgng cho
muih,
Iao ddng cd
linh
xa hoi
true
tiep. Lao dong
cirdng

biic
trd thanh Iao dgng sang lao,
Ird
thanh nghia vu
Na
quydn
loi.
Lao ddng
du(tc
tie'n hanh tren ca sd mgi thanh
liru
khoa hgc
ki ihual
hien dai ma
loai
ngirdi da
19
uc
i/\ii>.^ivn.
ivwrM^
vii^i^
iiLTn^IH
NI£N
SINH
VIEN
V6I
CAC
PHONG TRAO CONG
SAN
va dang tao ra. Lao ddng duge td chii'c hgp

If
va cd ke hoach trong loan xa hdi.
Lao dgng khdng cdn
la
thu doan dd nd djch nhu trong cae xa hdi cd ap
biic
nua,
ma trd thanh mot phuang lien dd giai phdng con ngudi.
Thii
lao
ddng
cua nhirng
ngudi tu giac, tu nguyen lien hgp lai sir dung kl thuat lien lien, lao ra nang sudt
lao dgng ngay cang eao, chua tung cd irong lich sir ay chdng nhung bao dam cho
mgi thanh vien trong xa hdi cd mot ddi sdng vat chat ddy du ma ddng thdi cdn
bao dam cho hg kha nang tu do phat tridn va
van
dung loan bd nang khieu ve thd
lire
va trf
lire
cua
minh.
Chii nghla xa hdi chdng nhung huy ddng mgi ngudn lao ddng vao san xudl
ma cdn thudng xuyen nang cao mirc
Irang
bj kl thuat cho lao dgng. Trong che do
xa hgi chu nghla, viec tien hanh san xual lap thd bang
lire
lugng

ciia
loan xa hgi
va
sir
phat Iridn mdi cao han cua ndn san xudt cdn den va tao ra nhung con ngudi
hoan loan mdi.
That vay, Irong phucmg thirc san xual nhd nong nghiep chdng han, khdng
thd cd
sir
hiep lac va phan cdng tren qui mo Idu, khong
Ihd
cd
vice
con ngirdi
diing trf khdn ma Ihdng
Iri
ihien
nhicMi,
khong
the c() sir phai
Irien tu do nang
luc
xa hdi tdm lai la khdng cd nhieu dieu
kien
dc
phai
Irien manh me
nfuig lire
va
Irf

tue
ciia
con ngUdi. Trong phuang ihirc san
Kudl lU
ban
chii
nghla cd dai cong
nghiep, cd ndn kl thuat hien dai ddy nhung dong dao nhan dan Iao ddng lai
chi
la nhiing
ngUcti
lam thue
titong
mot xa hgi nd le hien daj, nang
lire
va tai
Irf
cua
hg bj de nen va bdp nghet. Ngay nay, Irong
chii
nghla xa hdi, tren ca sd che do
Iam chu
mgi
ndn san xudl phat Irien cao, dugc quan
If
mot each cd hieu luc,
dugc tu dgng hoa va dugc nuoi dudng bdng nhirng thanh tuu mdi nhal
ciia
khoa
hgc kl thuat, nhat thiet phai cd nhung con ngudi cd nang

lire
phat trien loan
dicMi
va cd thd chi phdi loan bg he thdng san xudl. Dieu dd that rd rang : mudn phat
huy tac dung lo ldn
ciia
khoa hgc
kl
Ihual mdi, dn dinh va nang cao khdng
ngirng nang suat Iao dgng, phai nang cao thudng xuyen va cd he thdng trinh do
tu ludng, van hoa, kl thual, tay nghe
ciia
ngudi Iao dgng
cQng
nhu nang
lire id
chiic ciia hg trong mgi nganh kinh te qudc dan. Ngay nay, mot con ngudi cd hgc
thirc phai la mot con ngudi tie'p can dugc khoa hgc kl thuat, ndm duge lien bg
cua nd ddng thdi
van
dung phuang phap quan If kl ihual hien dai vao thuc lidn.
Nhu the'
la
su phat tridn loan dien
ciia
con ngudi khdng phai
chi
la quyen lgi
ciia
mdi ca nhan ma chfnh

la
ddi hdi khach quan cua xa hgi. Cho nen, trai vdi
chii
nghla tu ban bien ngudi lao dgng ihanh vat phu
ihugc
vao may mdc, han che su
phat tridn
ciia
con ngUdi,
chii
nghla xa hdi lao mgi dieu kien cho ngirdi lao dong
sdng, hgc tap va phat tridn lai nang
ciia
minh.
Nha nudc xa hoi
chii
nghia
ihudng
xuyen cham lo bdi dudng sire khoe,
liinh
dd lu tudng, van hoa. khoa hgc ki
20
us:,
i/\i
i'Hx^rssj,
zjKJtxi-H
VUOIN
i
ri/\
NH

NlfiN
SINH
VI£N
VCSI cAC
PHONG TRAO CONG
SAN
thuat, nghiep vu cua ngudi Iao ddng bang chfnh sach phan phdi theo lao ddng
cong bang va
hgp
If,
bang each phat tridn rgng rai viee bao hg lao ddng, mang
ludi y te', ve sinh phdng benh nhdt la bang he thdng giao due qudc dan
tir
va
Idng
de'n dai hgc, tir trung hgc chuyen nghiep
deii
cac
Irirdng
cao ddng, kd ca cac ldp
bd tue van hoa, cae ldp ham thu va cac
id clmc
kem cap ngay trong san xudt va
trong cdng tac. Tdt ca nhirng
sir
quan
iam
deu nhdm tao ra nhung con
ngUcti
mdi,

cd dao dure each mang, cd hidu biet nhieu mat, ngay cang ndm vung khoa hgc kl
thuat, phat tridn tai nang,
iham
gia ddc
lire
vao qua Irlnh san xudl ra
ciia
cai xa
hdi.
Didu quan trgng
hem
niia la chfnh thir lao ddng mdi dd da lam nay sinh
nhirng nhan each mdi. Thay the' lao ddng lam thue bang lao ddng cho
minh,
cho
xa hgi do
minh
lam chu, xa hdi xa hgi chu nghla la xa hgi cua ngirdi lao dgng lu
do trong dd Igi fch ca nhan
nhdl
trf vdi lgi fch xa hdi. Lao ddng cho xa hgi la lao
dgng cho chfnh
minh.
Trong qua Irlnh Iao dgng dd, eon ngudi ngay cang nang
cao tu tudng Iam chu tap
ihd,
y
ihiic
trach nhiem ddi vdi xa hdi,
nhiel

tinh,
chu
dgng sang tao. Con ngudi ngay cang tham nhudn quan didm lao dgng xa hgi
chii
nghla,lU giac phuc tiing tirng
ki lual
lao ddng mdi, cam ghet bdc
lot
va kien
quyet
tiii
bd mgi tan du
ciia
tu tudng bdc lot, cai lao lam
If
va tap quan lac hau.
Trong lao dgng tap thd cd
id
chiic va cd
ke
hoach trong loan xa hdi,
V(3fi
tu each
la ngudi
chii
tap thd, eon ngudi hgc
lap Ihd
nghiem va nang cao ddn nang
lire
quan

If
xa hgi, phat huy
tinh
thuang yeu giiia nhiing ngudi lao dgng,tinh thdn
hgp tac tuang trg. Con ngudi do dd ma
Ird
thanh con ngudi mdi phat tridn loan
dien.
Khdng phai ngdu nhien ma d mdi nude xa hdi chu nghla ngay nay hang
tram hang ngan dan vj va ca nhan anh hiing, hang van td dgi va chien
si
thi dua
trong cdng cudc
xay
dung chu nghla xa hdi.
''Chu
nghTa xd hpi Idn ddu tien dd
tao ra khd ndng dp dung thi dua mot cdch that su rang rdi vdi mot qui mo that
su to ldn, tao ra khd ndng thu
hiit
that sU da sd nhdn ddn lao dpng vao vu ddi
hoat dpng khien hp co the thi thd tdi ndng, ddc het ndng luc, bpc Id nhiing tdi
ndng md nhdn ddn co sdn rdt phong
phii
"(Lenin).
Chfnh trong cai ndi xa hgi
chii nghla ma nhiing the' he con ngudi mdi da va dang
hinh
thanh ngay cang phd
bien, ngay cang phat tridn vd mgi mat : tu tudng va

linh
cam, tri
ihiic
va thd
lire,
phdm cha't va nang luc trong lao dgng san xudt va chien ddu, trong sinh hoat va
xay dung cugc sdng mdi, trong quan he vdi Td qudc, vdi nhan dan, vdi dan tgc
va qudc te, vdi xa hgi va gia
dinh,
trong ddi cdng va ddi tu.
Tren budc dudng di len
chii
nghla xa hgi ddy chdng gai, Viel Nam dang
phai duong ddu vdi nhiing thach
ihiic
Idn. Di len lir
mgi
dieu kien
vai chai
cdn
21
x^jjr
irun
l^\^rkXl.
L'V-'/M^
vuii^mmNH
NI£N
SINH
VI^N
V6l

CAc PHONG TRAO
CONG
SAN
ngheo
Aan,
Nha nudc xa hdi chii nghla Viet Nam vdn cd gdng bdng mgi each vira
nang
cio miic
sdng ciia nhan
dSn
lao ddng viia
rdt coi
trong nhimg
nhu cdu
tinh
thdn,
t^o
didu kidn
cho mgi
ngudi
cd kha
nang ngang nhau tham
gia ddi
sdng
van
ho^.
Didu
dd
gdp phdn loai
bd di

cac quan niem danh
gia ca
nhan theo hoan
canh vdt chdt, ddn
dk
thay the' cho
tam
If
tu
huu, tfch
luy
ciia
cai la
sir
khao khat
phat tridn toan dien, tmdc
het
la sir
giau
cd vd
tinh thdn
cua mdi ca
nhan
-
sir
phong
jphiJ
nhidu
ve
ciia

ca
tfnh, trinh
do
chfnh
trj va van
hoa, nang
lire
chuyen
mon,
su
thfch
thii
va
sang
tao
trong lao dgng.
Ro rang
la
If
tudng
tdt dep cua mdi ca
nhan
vd
cugc
ddi
dang dugc thuc
hien
ddn
tiing budc.
R5

rang
la
tu do va
hanh phiic
ciia
mdi ca
nhan dugc
bao
dam ngay cang viing chac trong khudn
khd tu do va
hanh phiic chung ciia loan
xa hgi.
6
day, ca
nhan
va tap thd, ca
nhan
va xa hgi la
nhdt
trf.
Khdng phai
la
'
khdng
cdn
nhimg hien tugng tieu cue nhidu
ft
khac nhau
tuy
nai,

tuy
liic,
nhung
nhung
5^
thiife
ca
nhan, tinh thdn trach nhiem
vdi tap thd
khdng
cdn la
sir
thue
hien may mdc,
thu
dgng
ma trd
thanh
sir
tu
giac, tfnh
chu
ddng sang
tao cua ca
nhan trong
lao
ddng
va
Irong
sir

cd
gang hoan Ihien nhan
each,
nang
luc ciia
minh.
Ro rang tfnh
tap the ( xa hdi
chii
nghla
rdi
cdng
san
chii
nghla
) la
hinh
thiic
xa hdi
ciia sir
phat tridn
ban
than
con
ngucVi,
cua tu do ca
nhan
va ca
tfnh
dgc dao

ciia
mdi ban than
ca
nhan.
Rd rang
la
"
chi
cd
d
dudi clui
nghTa .xd
hpi thi trong mpi
ITnh
vuc
ciia
ddi
sdng
xd hpi vd cd
nhdn
mdi bdt ddu cd mot
sir
tien
len mau
chdng,thiei
thuc,
thuc
su
cd tinh chdt qudn cluing,
liic

ddu duac
da sd
nhdn
ddn
tham
gia rdi ve
sau duac todn the nhdn ddn tham gia
"
(
Lenin
).
R5
rang
la chu
nghla
xa hgi
khdng
he phu
nhan quydn
lgi ca
nhan, hanh
phiic
ca
nhan, trai
lai, chi' cd
chii
nghla
xa hgi mdi
thoa
man

ngay cang
ddy
dii
quydn
lgi ca
nhan,
mdi bao dam
dugc ngay cang vung chdc
cho
hanh phiic
ca
nhan,
mdi lao
didu kien
cho mdi ca
nhan ngay cang dugc
lu do
phat tridn loan
dien. Con ngudi
vira
la san
pham
ciia
cac quan
he xa
hdi vira
la
chii
the
ciia

chinh
minh
qua
nhtj-ng
quan
he dy, ca
nhan
xa hgi
chii
nghTa
la
kei
qua
lai
yeu
ciia sir
hinh
thanh
va
phat tridn cae quan
he xa
hdi
chii
nghla,
hinh
anh con
ngudi
xa hdi
chu nghla
la

hinh
anh
ciia
xa
hgi
xa
hdi
chii
nhia. Tmdc kia,
con
ngudi each biel
nhau,
bi ddi xir tuy
theo
miic
chiem
huu vj trf Iao
ddng
thi
nay mgi
ngudi
lap
hgp
lai
xung quanh
lgi fch
chung, quan
tam xay
dung
xa hdi mdi,

lang nhanh
cua
cai xa
hgi, phat tridn
va
cung
c6 Nha
nudc
xa hgi
chii
nghla,
nftng
cao ddi
22
sdng vat chdt va van hoa, lam
chii
xa hdi, lam
chii
lu nhien va lam
chii
ban than.
Ddi sdng cua tirng ca nhan dugc nang ddn len tdm xa hgi, lam cho eon ngudi
thoat khdi nhiing chat hep ciia nhiing toan tfnh cho rieng
minh.
Tu do ca nhan -
sir
tu do vd
ciing
quf gia. Nhd nen tang a'y ma ca nhan
phat huy duge loan bg nang

lire
sang tao cua
minh,
trong
" sir
giau cd cua nhung
quan he hien thuc
"
cua nd, nd dat tdi ca
" sir
giau cd chan chfnh vd mat tinh
thdn cua con ngirdi
".
IL CON
NGUIJI
MOI
XA
HOI
CHII NCJHIA
2.L
SIX nghiep xay dung CNXH vdi muc tieu xay dung con
ngiriri indi
XHCN
Xay dung con ngudi mdi la
mgi
nhicm vu
cue
ki khd khan,
him
nhieu so

vdi viec lat dd xa hgi cu. Ddng thdi xa hgi ay lai true tiep thoat thai lir xa hgi cu
va dugc bdt ddu
xay
dung
hll\
nhung con ngirdi luy da dugc
thii
thach Irong dau
tranh song vdn cdn mang nang thdi hu
lai
xau cua xa hdi cu. Dac biel la tam If
fch kl ea nhan, sdng chet mac bay, phan ai ngudi dy lo cdn an sau trong nep
nghi,
Idi sdng ciia mgi ngudi thanh nhung lap quan, thdi quen cd huu, ma phai
nhidu thdi gian mdi cai tao dugc.
VI
vay, V.I Lenin da nhdn manh rang cdng
cugc
xay
dung
chii
nghla xa hgi ddi hdi dao tao
hire
thiet nhiing ngirdi lao dgng
mdi,
cd nhan
sinh
quan va dao du'c cdng san, biet quan
If
ddi sdng kinh le, van

hoa mdi. Lenin ndi :
"
Tinh sdng tao sinh dpng cua qudn cluing, dd
Id
nhdn td co
bdn cua xd hoi mdi. Clui
nghTa
xd hoi khdng phdi Id kdt qud
ciia
nhung sdc lenh
ta
tren dua xudng
chii ngliTa
xd hoi sinh dong, sdng tao
Id
su nghiep
ciia
bdn
thdn qudn cluing nhdn ddn
".
Van dung tu tudng dy vao Viet Nam, Hd
Chii
Tich
ludn
khdng dinh :
"
Mudn xdy dung clui
nghTa
xd hoi trudc het cdn phdi cd con
ngudi mdi xd hpi chit

nghTa ". VI
vay, xay dung con ngudi mdi xa hgi
chii
nghla
la mot
kt
ye'u khach quan.
Ban chat con ngudi la tdng hoa
ciia
tdt ca cac quan he xa hgi. Con ngudi la
san
phim
cua xa hdi,
ciia
lich sir, ddng thdi la
chii
thd cd
^ thiire
sang tao xa hgi.
Ndi
deh
xa hgi la ndi de'n con ngudi,
xay
dung xa hgi mdi phai tdt yeu
xay
dung
con ngudi mdi.
Con ngudi mdi khdng thd
hinh
ihanh mot each tu phat ma phai trai qua

qua trinh
xay
dung mot
each
tfch cue va
chii
ddng ngay Irong thuc lidn ddu tranh
each mang.
xay
dung chu nghla xa hdi
la mgi sir
nghiep vl dai chua tirng cd trong ljch
sir. Nd ddi hdi Dang lanh dao, phai ndm virng
chii
nghla Mac - Lenin, van
diing
i
j:
23
l^H
NIEN
SINH VIEN
Vdl cAc
PHONG TRAO CONG SAN
vao thuc tidn da't nudc de dd ra dudng ldi each mang diing ddn va phuang phap
each
mang thfch hgp. Nd ddi hdi nhan dan lao dgng phai nang cao tinh thdn tu giac, phat
huy trf sang tao rdt cao, cd gdng phi ihudng irong san xudt chien ddu,
id
chirc ddi

sdng.
xay
dung con ngudi xa hgi
chii
nghla la muc lieu ca ban, quan
Irgng
trong
sir
nghiep
xay
dung chu nghla xa hgi. Nghj quyet Dai hgi Dang ldn
Ihii
IV neu
id:
"viec
tien hdnh ba cuoc cdch mang, xdy dung che do mdi, nen vdn hod mdi phdi
xudt phdt tif yen cdu xdy dung con
ngUdi
mdi, phdi nhdm ddm bdo nhung dieu
kien
cdn thidt cho
vice
ddy manh xdy dung con ngudi mdi ".
Mot khi con ngudi
mc?i
dugc
hinh
Ihanh va
phai
tridn

ihl
vai trd
ciia
nd
va\
lu
each la
chii
thd chan chfnh
ciia
xa hgi mdi se tac dgng manh me vao tien Irlnh
ciia
each mang xa hgi chu nghla. Khi con ngudi da ndm vung qui Iuat va hanh dgng hgp
qui luat
Ihl
nhu Anghen ndi: "nhimg
luc
luang xa la
khdeh
quan, tie trudc den nay
vdn thdng tri lich sir, gid ddy se do chinh con ngudi kiem sodt. Chi cd tir luc dd,
loai ngudi mdi tu minh sdng tao ra lich sir
ciia
minh mot cdch
liodn
todn tu gidc;
chi
cd tir luc dd, nhirng nguyen nhdn .\d hoi md ho dem van dung mdi dua lai nhirng
kdt qud md hp dd mong mudn, vdi mot mirc do rdt Idn vd
ludn

ludn tdng len mdi.
Dd Id budc nhay vpt cua loai ngudi tir
vinrng
qudc tdt ydu sang vUong qudc cua tu
do"
(5),^
Nniing nudc tir ndn san xudl nhd lien
len
san xudl ldn xa hgi chii nghla, bd
qua
giai j
doan phat tridn tu ban
chii
nghla lien thdng len
chii
nghla xa hgi nhu nudc
ta
thi
phai xay dung mdi tir ddu ca
lire
lugng san xudt va quan he san xudt, tir ca sd
ha tdng de'n kie'n
triic
thugng tdng,
tir
ddi sdng kinh te' de'n ddi sdng tu tudng van
hoa.
Day la
giai doan
lich

sir het
siic
khd khan, phiic tap, ddi hdi tfnh
chii
dgng
sang tao
rdt cao cua con ngudi dd cd thd vugt qua nhiing khd khan to Idn dd,
6
nudc la, cong cudc xay dung chu nghla xa hdi dugc lien hanh trong didu
kien phai khdc phuc nhiing hau qua nang nd
ciia
chien tranh, nhung tan du
eiia
tap
quan cu gdn lidn vdi ndn san xudt nhd dang tdn lai kha phd bien,
Irinh
do van hoa,
khoa hgc ky
ihuat
ciia nhan dan cdn
ihdp.
VI
vay, viec dao lao, bdi duang, xay
dung con ngudi xa hgi
chii
nghla d nudc la cang
la
v^n
dd cdp bach.
Dudi

sir
lanh dao cua Dang, vdi nhung truydn ihdng
tdi
dep
ciia
nhan dan la,
chiing ta cd the
xay
dung nhanh,
xay
dung sdm con ngudi mdi de thuc day
sir
phat
tridn manh me
ciia
xa hgi mdi. Bao cao chfnh tri Dai hgi ldn
thii
IV
ciia
(5):
Mac
-
Anghen Toan tap.
Tap
3. NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia,
1995.
24