Ngữ pháp và từ vựng tổng hợp ôn thi đại học TOEIC và IELTS

Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8


L I THIU
Li đu xin cm n tt c các bn, anh ch, các em, các hc viên đã ng h mình trong sut thi
gian hc ting anh gn 1 nm qua, cng nh ging dy TOEIC, gii sách, son ebook nh bây gi ; đc
bit là nhóm TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và hi luyn thi đi hc ting anh cùng Miss.Phng Liên. S
ng h và góp ý ca mi ngi là ngun đng lc chính đi vi mình.

Tài liu này mình son liên tc trong 2 tháng da theo kin thc ca bn thân, 1 s ngun trên
mng, các đ thi th, tht đi hc và các đ ielts các nm gn đây. Vì vy, ni dung trong tài liu s
không đc tng tn hay đy đ nhng theo mình cng khá n. Mc dù mình son tài liu này ch yu
phc v các bn ôn thi i hc hay IELTS là chính nhng các bn ôn TOEIC nu có thi gian cng nên
tham kho… Vì mình dành rt nhiu tâm huyt cho tài liu này nên hi vng rng mi ngi hãy trân
trng nó dù mình bit chc chn nó còn có nhiu sai sót. Thi gian này và sp ti mình đang và s son và
hoàn thành li gii chi tit phn LC 10 test ca TOEIC ECONOMY 4 và s gi đn mi ngi ngay sau
khi hoàn thành.

Ni dung tài liu mình chia làm 17 TOPIC vi 226 trang bao gm: s hòa hp gia ch ng và v
ng; danh t danh t ghép; t, thành ng và cu trúc ting anh hng ngay; câu ch đng/b đng; mnh đ
quan h và rút gn; câu gián tip/trc tip; câu nhn mnh; bàng thái cách; t và cu trúc ch lng, s
lng; mo t; cu trúc v kh nng – s phng đoán; câu điu kin; trng âm và phát âm; cu trúc so
sánh; cm phân t và đng tính t; cu trúc giao tip và cui cùng là t,phrasal verb có phiên âm đc
sp xp theo ch cái t A - Z.

Mt ln na cm n tt c mi ngi và chúc mi ngi hc tt, đt đc s đim thi i hc,
IELTS, TOEIC nh mong mun !!!!

Nu ai có điu gì góp ý cng nh b sung thì liên h vi mình qua facebook ca mình:
Facebook: Kiu Thy Trung
(
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Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

TOPIC 1: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT

- Anybody
Anyone
Somebody
Someone
Everybody
Everyone
(V/be)
s ít

- As many as N
s nhiu
(V/be)
s nhiu

- Each N

s ít
(V/be)
s ít

Each of them / us / you / N
xác đnh
(V/be)
s ít

They / We / You / N
xác đnh
+ each (V/be)
s nhiu

- Either :
+ Either N
s ít
: Ch cái này hay cái kia trong 2 cái
Eg : You can park on either side of the street (Adj)
Translate : Bn có th đ  c 2 bên đng
Eg : I've bought two cakes - you can have either (Pro)
Translate : Tôi va mua 2 cái bánh, bn có th ly c 2
+ Either (V/be)
s ít
Eg : Either of them is good (Cái nào trong s chúng cng tt)
+ Either dùng sau 2 đng t ph đnh
Eg : I don't like the red shirt and I don't like the green one, either
+ either or : Ch s la chn 1 trong 2
Eg : I left it either on the table or in the drawer
Translate : Tôi đã đ nó trên cái bàn hoc trong ngn kéo

- Every N
s ít
(V/be)
s ít




Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

(Nhc li Every N
s ít
phi dùng They)
Eg : Everyone is in the room, they are watching TV

- Majority (V/be)
s ít
Majority of N
s nhiu
(V/be)
s nhiu
The majority of N
s nhiu
(V/be)
s ít
: Phn ln, đa s
The majority (V/be)
s ít/nhiu
Eg: The majority of the customers are happy

- Many a N
s ít
(V/be)
s ít
: Hn 1, nhiu
Eg : Many a time : Nhiu ln
Many a man thinks so : Nhiu ngi ngh vy

- Many of N
s nhiu
(V/be)
s nhiu
Much of N
không đm đc
(V/be)
s ít

Most of N (V/be)
s ít/ nhiu


- Minority of N
s

nhiu
(V/be)
s ít/nhiu

- Most + N

nhiu
= Not every + N
ít


- N
1 không đm đc
and N
2 không đm đc
(V/be)
s nhiu
N
1 không đm đc
and N
2 không đm đc
(V/be)
s ít
N
3 không đm đc
(N
3
cha N
1
và N
2
)
Eg : Sugar and milk is very good food
- N
1
N

2
: N
1
s ít (Eg : A θ quart pressure cooker, a 17 year old girl)
sports + N (Eg : A sports car)

- Neither N
s ít
(V/be)
s ít

Neither of them / us / you / N
s nhiu, xác đnh
(V/be)
s ít/nhiu
(S nhiu ph bin hn)




Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

- None of N
s nhiu
(V/be)
s ít/nhiu
(S ít ph bin hn) :
Không ai, chng 1 ai, không ngi nào, không vt gì
Eg : None of the students has / have a car

- Other N
s nhiu
= Others
Another N
s ít
= Another
Some
Any
No
All
The
TTSH
SHC
+ other
N
s ít/nhiu
Every other N
s ít

Nu nói v đi tng 2 trong 2 đi tng cho trc :
The / TTSH other N
s ít

Eg : Our earth has 2 poles, this pole is the north and the other is the south

- The army / The police (V/be)
s nhiu

The navy (V/be)
s ít/nhiu

Family / Government / Staff / Commitee / Audience / Team (V/be)
s ít/nhiu

Nu là N
xác đnh
=> (V/be)
s ít

Eg : The US government, my family

TOPIC 2: INVERSION
- Among N
s nhiu
/ NP
s nhiu
/ Pronoun (i t : those / these / what )
Chú ý : Loi b some of / one of / most of / all of
Eg : Janet is one of the best students in our class
=> Among the best students in our class is Janet



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

Adj
+ as / though S
(be)
(V
tri giác

)
, SV : Mc dù

Adv
(V)
Passive : Adv P2 as /
though S (be), SV
Eg : Although he was tired, he still went to school
=> Tired as he was, he still went to school
Hardly
Scarcely
Barely
+ had S P2
when
QKG : Ngay va mi
No sooner
than
= S had
hardly
scarcely
barely
only just
P2
when
QKG
no sooner
than
= QKG
as soon as
the time

QKG : Ngay khi

- By no means
Not by any means
MV SV
Không h, chng chút nào
Eg : By no means does he intend to criticize your idea
(Anh y không h có ý đnh ch trích ý kin ca bn)
Here
There
Overthere
First
Second
(V/be) S
Eg : Tom comes there on Mondays => There comes Tom on Mondays
- In no way MV SV : Không sao có th
- In such a situation MV SV :  trong tình hung nh vy



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

- Many a time MV SV : Nhiu ln, thng xuyên (V
s ít
)
- S MV neither V
1
nor V
2

S MV V neither O
1
nor O
2

Không cng không
( bài phi  dng ph đnh)
Eg

: He doesn't learn English and French
=> He does neither learn English nor French
He didn't solve that problem and he didn't ask anyone to help him
=> He did neither solve that problem nor ask anyone to help him
- Never again MV SV : Không bao gi na
- Never (before) MV SV : Cha bao gi
- No matter how / However Adj / Adv S , SV : Dù th nào đi na thì
Eg : Although he is intelligent, he can't do this exercise
=> No matter how intelligent he is, he can't do this exercise
No sooner
do/does
S
V
than
HTG
Ngay va mi
did
QKG
had
P2
(No sooner did SV than QKG ch dùng vi 2 hành đng xy ra liên tip, nu không

phi dùng No sooner had S P2 than QKG)
Eg : My teacher gave me a lot of exercises as soon as she came in
(Hành đng "give excersises" xy ra sau hành đng "come in", không liên tip nhau nên
dùng trng hp 3)
=> No sooner had my teacher come in than she gave me a lot of exercises
- o ng Not only :
Eg
Not only MV S V, but S also (V)
Not only does Billy Joel sing, but he also plays
the piano and writes his own songs
Not only S
1
but also S
2
MV S
3
V
(S
1
+ S
2
= S
3
)
Tom speaks English well, so does Peter
=> Not only Tom but also Peter do they speak
English well
Not only S
1
but also S

2
(be) S
3

Tom is a good student, so is Peter
=> Not only Tom but also Peter are good students
Not only (be) S
1
, but S
2
(be) also
English is both interesting and attractive



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

Not only (be) S , but also (S
1
= S
2
)
=> Not only is English interesting, but (it is) also
attractive
- Nothing except for sth/Ving MV SV : Không có gì tr thì mi
- On no account MV SV : dù lí do gì cng không
= not on any account = not for any reason
Eg : You don't touch into this pan on any account
=> On no account do you touch into this pan
- Only apart from

Only aside from
Only except for
sb/sth/Ving MV SV
Ngoài ra, tr ra
Eg : Everyone in our class likes watching cartoons on TV apart from Paul
=> Only apart from Paul does everyone in our class like watching cartoons on TV
- Only after SV / N / NP MV SV : Ch sau khi thì mi
- Only if SV, MV SV
SV only if SV
Ch vi điu kin thì
- Only in this way MV SV : ch bng cách này thì mi
- Only now MV SV : ch bây gi thì mi
- Only when SV / Adv
ni chn
, MV SV : Ch khi thì
- Pre (V
ni
/ be) S
Eg : The birds fly in the bushes => In the bushes fly the birds
Pre S (V
ni
) (S là I / You / He / She / We / They)
(V
ni
: lie, stand, sit, cry, go, come, dive )
- Rare
Uncommon
Unusual
(be) S
Him khi

Không ph bin
Bt thng
Eg : Rare / Uncommon / Unusual are they who are spared by the famine
(Him khi nn đói cha mt ai)
- Rarely
Seldom
MV SV : Him khi
- So that : So Adj (be) S that SV



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

So Adv MV SV that SV
So Adj MV SV
tri giác
that SV
So SV that SV
ng CN : So Adj, SV
Eg : The film is so interesting that we have seen it twice
=> So interesting is the film that we have seen it twice
- Such (be) N/NP that SV
N/NP (be) such that SV
Eg : It is such an interesting book that we have seen it twice
=> Such is an interesting book that we have seen it twice
=> An interesting book is such that we have seen it twice
- That SVO (be)
Eg : That I could do such a thing is unbelievable!
Translate : Vic tôi có th làm đc 1 vic nh vy tht không th tin đc!
- What (V) (be)

Trong đó (V) : ng t  đ bài
(be) : Chia theo thi  đ bài
Eg : Her knowledge of world history was particularly impressed me
=> What particularly impressed me was her knowledge of world history

Why
Where
How
Who
What
on earth
in the world
MV SV?

- Until / Not until SV, MV SV : Cho đn khi thì
- Why ever MV SV
Why ever (be) S
Ti sao
Chú ý : Khi dùng Why ever phi loi b các thông tin trc Why



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

Eg : I don't understand why you were so lazy
=> Why ever were you so lazy

TOPIC 3: NOUNS AND COMPOUND NOUNS
- N
1
N
2
: N
1
có ý ngha phân bit N
2

Eg : A glass factory, a bike factory
- Ving N : Ving ch mc đích ca N
Eg : A reading table (in the library), a sleeping lamp (in the bedroom)
- N Ving : To ra DT ghép ch công vic, ngh nghip
Eg : A baby watching, a taxi driving
- N Ving N : Phân bit hoc ch mc đích
Eg : Vietnam is a rice exporting country
- N's N : Trng hp dùng du s hu
+ Vi các DT ch ngi, tên ngi, thú vt
Eg : John's car, my friend's shirt, the cat's tail
+ Vi các DT ch châu lc, quc gia, thành ph, kin trúc, công trình
Eg : Asia's future, London's water supply
+ Vi các DT ch phng tin
Eg : The ship's name, the plane's wings
+ Vi các DT ch thi gian, đn v đo lng, tin bc, khong cách
Eg : A week's holiday, 2 hours' walk
+ Vi các DT nhân hoá
Eg : Fortune's smile, The Sun's ray
+ Vi danh đng t
Eg : The dog's barking

* Không dùng vi các Adj dùng nh N :
Eg : The country of the blind (úng)



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

The blind's country (Sai)
* Không dùng vi Women / Men + N :
Eg : Women-teachers : Nhng n giáo vi
TOPIC 4: EXPRESSION & EVERYDAY ENGLISH
A : Li chúc mng - B : It's nice / kind of you to say so
a bad patch : thi k khó khn
a feat of arms : chin công
a hair's breath : trong đng t k tóc, 1 li, 1 tí
a pieces at a time
bit by bit
= gradually : dn dn
a sheer drop : dc thng đng
a vivid / fertile imagination : trí tng tng phong phú
a wise man changes his mind sometimes, a fool never :
Ngi di bo th, ngi khôn thc thi
above all : quan trng hn ht thy, đc bit
all at once = suddenly : đt ngt, bt thình lình
all the better : tt hn ht
an enormous work load : mt khi lng công vic khng l
an only child = a unique son : con mt
as old as the hills : rt c, c xa
as pleased as Punch : rt hài lòng
as timid as a rabbit : nhát nh th đ

at a glance : ch thoáng nhìn 1 cái
at a time : k tip nhau, riêng bit
at first-hand : trc tip
at one time : mi th cùng 1 lúc, cùng thi đim
at the drop of a hat : ngay lp tc, ngay tc khc
back on the wrong horse : la chn sai lm
bad news travel fast : tin d đn xa
bag of bones : gy gi xng, gy còm



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

(be) on one's toes : c gng
(be) on the go : bn rn hot đng, đang xung dc, đang suy thoái
(be) packed inside like sardines : b ép nh cá mòi
(be) part and parcel of sth = (be) a necessary feature of sth : là đc đim cn thit
(be) under a cloud : lâm vào hoàn cnh đáng bun, b tht th, b tù ti
(be) under the weather : hi mt, cm thy không kho, cm thy chán nn
beat the clock : vt mc
beginning is the difficulty : vn s khi đu nan
better late than never : mun còn hn không
better safe than sorry : cn tc vô áy náy
Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip :
Ming n đn ming ri vn có th mt
beyond the scope : vt ngoài phm vi
birds of a feather flock together : ngu tm ngu mã tm mã
blue moon : him khi
(break) one's journey = (make) a short stop on a journey : ngng ngh (trong 1 thi gian
ngn)

by far : rt nhiu, hn xa
by leaps and bounds : rt nhanh
(call) it a day = (stop) Ving
care killed the cat : lo bc râu, su bc tóc
common ground : đim chung
(cover) a lot of ground : bao trùm lên tt c các mt
cross-section of society : tng lp xã hi
cry for the moon : đng có m
deaf as a post / a stone : đic đc
diamond cuts diamond : k cp gp bà già
Don't quote me! : ng nêu tôi ra
(draw) to an end / a close = (hear) an end : đi đn hi kt thúc
(eye) sb up and down : quan sát t đu đn chân



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

fair and square = honest : trung thc, trong sch
(fall) on evil days = (be) unfortunate : không may, xui xo
few and far between : bt thng
for good = forever : mãi mãi, vnh vin
for the time being : trong thi gian này
free of duty : min thu
(give) a dog a bad name :
trm nm bia đá thì mòn, nghìn nm bia ming vn còn tr tr
go ahead : c t nhiên
Hardly a day goes by / passes without Ving : Không ngày nào trôi qua mà không
(have) a frog in one's throat : b khan ting
Here, there and everywhere : khp ni

(hit) the spot : tho mãn điu thèm mun
I don't care if I do : tôi sn sàng làm vic đó
ill at ease : không thoi mái
In a calm sea everyman is a pilot : la th vàng, gian nan th sc
in a spot : trong hoàn cnh xu, khó khn
in deep detail : đn tng chi tit nh
index finger : ngón tay tr
in former times : thu xa
in one fell swoop : cùng thi đim
In the end : cui cùng thì
in the long run : cui cùng thì
It did not matter any : iu đó hoàn toàn không đáng k
It is sheer waste : tht là phí công
It's dogged that does it : c kiên trì là s thành công
life to the full : đi sng vui v
(make) an enlargement for sb : phóng 1 bc nh cho ai
(make) an iota of difference : to s khác bit rt nh
Many happy returns (of the day) : chúc mng sinh nht



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

(meet) the required standard of sth : đt đc tiêu chun ca cái gì
naked eye = unaided eye : mt thng
Necessity is the mother of invention : cái khó ló cái khôn
neither here nor there : không quan trng
not a jot : không mt chút nào ht
not that SV : không phi rng, không phi là
ocean travel : s đi li  đi dng

of all people : (trong) tt c mi ngi
off the record : không chính thc, không đc ghi nhn
on the dot : đúng gi
on the ground : trong dân chúng
on the scene : có mt, hin din
on the spot : lp tc, ngay ti ch, ngay ti hin trng = at once = immediately
out of hand : ngay lp tc, không chm tr, không chun b trc, tu hng, không nm
đc, không kim soát đc
out of sight, out of mind : xa mt cách lòng
out of the question : không th bàn đn, không th đc
rain cats and dogs : ma tm tã
red-letter-day : ngày vui, ngày đáng nh vì có chuyn tt lành
Right from the start SV : ngay t lúc bt đu
(send) sb to a warm climate : đ ai yên
sense of community : cm giác gn gi nhau
sense of touch : cm giác chm vào
sighted person : ngi sáng mt
(suffer) in sharpness : mt đi s sc nét
(take) kindly to sb/sth : sn sàng chp nhn ai / cái gì
(take) the rough with the smooth : đón nhn điu khó khn vi s bình thn
the fashion : nhng ngi sang trng
the generation gap : s khác bit v th h
the masses : qun chúng nhân dân



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

the milk of human kindness : nhân chi s tính bn thin
the millenium : thi hoàng kim

the narrowest of margins : sát nút, suýt soát
the proof of the pudding is in the eating : qua th thách mi bit d hay
till the cow comes home = forever : mãi mãi
time-honoured : đã đi vào truyn thng
To all intents and purposes : thc t là
walks of life : các tng lp xã hi = levels of society
What of it? = So what? = What does it matter? : Thì sao nào?
"What time do you expect ?" - "S should V "
Will do : Câu tr li ch s khut phc
(Eg : A : "Give me money or I'll kill you" - B : "Will do")
Would you be so kind as to V ?
Would you be kind enough to V?
Bn vui lòng , bn làm n





TOPIC 5: PASSIVE SENTENCE
Active
Passive
Meanings
S (V
tri giác
) O V
S (V
tri giác
) O Ving
O (be) P2
tri giác

to V
O (be) P2
tri giác
Ving
Ting Anh hin đi cho phép s
dng Ving bt k đ bài là V hay
Ving
(V
tri giác
) : see / hear / watch / notice / taste / smell
Who (V) O ?
Who (be) O P2 by?
By whom (be) O P2 ?
Eg : Who looked after the children
for you? => By whom were the
children looked after for you?
CN tht : S (be) P2
to V
(HTG, TLG)

B đng quan đim :



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

to have P2
(HTHT,QKG,QKHT)
to be Ving
(HTTD)

to have been Ving
(HTHTTD,QKTD,QKHTTD)
Ngi ta rng
CN gi : It (be) P2
that SV
(Nu T trc và sau "that" đu chia  QK thì ch dùng to V, không dùng to have
P2)
Eg : They declared that she won the competition
=> She was declared to win the competition
S (V) O
1
to V O
2
(V) : advise / beg / order /
urge / recommend
S (V) O
2
should be P2
(by O
1
)
S (V) O
1
that O
2
should
be P2
Eg : They begged us to help
him => They begged us that
he should be helped

S (V) O
1
to V O
2

(V) : want / hope / wish /
desire / would like / would
love / would prefer
S (V) O
2
to be P2 (by O
1
)
Eg : We want her to take the
boxes in the room at once =>
We want the boxes to be
taken in the room at once (by
her)
S (V) Ving O
(V) : recommend / insist /
advise / propose / suggest
S (V) that O should be P2
Eg : He recommended that
bullet-proof glass should be
used
S (V) to V O
(V) : decide / arrange / be
determined / be anxious /
determine / demand
S (V) that O should / must

be P2 (by )
Eg : The girl was determined
to repair the broken car
before the rain started =>
The girl was determined that
the broken car should be
repaired before the rain
started
It (be) Adj (for sb/sth) to V
sb/sth
It (be) Adj for sb/sth to be
P2 (by sb/sth)
Eg : It is simple for him to
solve the problem => It is



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

simple for the problem to be
solved (by him)
Sb (need) to V sth
Sth (need) to be P2 / Ving
(by sb)
Eg : He needs to repair his
bike => His bike needs to be
repaired / repairing
Sb need / needn't V O

O need / needn't be P2 (by

S)
Eg : He need repair his bike
=> His bike need be repaired
S (V) O to V O
(cùng tân ng)
O (be) P2 to be P2 (by S)
Eg : You must repair that
machine and take it to the
factory => That machine
must be repaired and to be
taken to the factory
Sb (enjoy) Ving sth
Sb (enjoy) sth being P2
Eg : We enjoyed writing
letters => We enjoyed letters
being written
S (continue) to V O
S (continue) Ving O
O (continue) to be P2 (by S)
O (continue) being P2 (by S)
S (begin) to V O
O (begin) to be P2 (by S)
S (V) preposition (pre) O
(Gii t)
O (be) P2 pre (by S)
Eg : They giave up the
research after three hours
=> The research was given
up after three hours
V O

Let O be P2
O should be P2
O must be P2
Eg : Write your name here
=> Let your name be
written here
Do not V O
Let not O be P2
Eg : Do not insult the weak
=> Let not the weak be
insulted
Don't V O
Don't let O be P2
Eg : Don't let the weak be



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

insulted
V
ni
(run / go / fly / sit /
stand / swim / cry / jump /
enter )
You are requested to V
ni

Eg : Enter by this door
=> You are requested to

enter by this door
Let's V O
Let O be P2
Eg : Let's tell them about it
=> Let them be told about it
S (let) O V
inf

O (be) let V
inf

O (be) allowed to V
Eg : They let her go
=> She was let go
S (let) O
1
V O
2

(S = O
2
)
S (let) O
2
be P2 (by O
1
)
(O
2
chuyn sang TPT)

Eg : He let people cheat him
=> He let himself be
cheated by people
B đng kép
S (V) O to be P2
S (V) O and V O
O (be) P2 to be P2 (by S)
Eg : You must understand
the problem and believe it
=> The problem must be
understood to be believed
B đng có quan h t
Eg : People expect you to interest yourself in
the job (which) they have offered you
=> You are expected to be interested in the job
(which) you have been offered
Khi S và O không chu tác đng ca
con ngi => i "by" thành "with"
Eg : The roof is being covered with snow at the
moment
(make) sb V
inf

(force) sb to V
(keep) sb Ving
Sb (be) made to V
Sb (be) forced to V
Sb (be) kept Ving
B đng kép vi "start"
S (start) to V O

=> O (be) started to be P2 (by S)
Eg : Supermarket started to sell fresh pasta
only in 1990s => Fresh pasta started to be sold
by supermarket only in 1990s
B đng kép vi "expect"
S (expect) sb to V sth
Eg : We expect the government to propose
changes to the taxation system



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

=> Sb (be) expected to V sth
=> Sth (be) expected to be P2 (by sb)
=> The government is expected to propose
changes to the taxation system
=> Changes to the taxation system is expected
to be proposed by the government
S (V) (sb) Ving sth
=>
S (V) sth being P2 (by sb)
(V) : enjoy, stop, fancy, admit, consider, miss,
finish, mind, imagine, deny, involve, delay,
suggest, regret, avoid, practice, risk

TOPIC 6: RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative Pronouns
- N
ngi

who + (V/be)
whom + S
whose + N
- N
s vt
which + S / (V) / (be)
- N
ni chn

where
in/on/at which
+ S
which
+ (V/be)

- N
thi gian
when
in/on/at which
+ S
which
+ (V/be)

Reduced forms of relative clauses
- Dng ch đng : QHT + (V/be)
+ Loi QHT
+ i (V) => Ving, (be) => being (Thi HTTD vn coi là V)
Eg : The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
=> The man sitting next to you is my uncle

- Dng b đng : QHT + (be) P2



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

+ Loi QHT, (be)
+ Gi li P2
Eg : The house which is being built now belongs to Mr.Pike
=> The house built now belongs to Mr.Pike
- Dng ch mc đích : QHT + S + V
khuyt thiu
+ (V/be)
+ Loi b QHT, V
khuyt thiu

+ i S thành "for O" (Có th b S nu S là I / We)
+ i (V) => to V, (be) => to be
Eg : There is a zoo where we can see animals
=> There is a zoo (for us) to see animals
- Dng ch mc đích b đng : QHT + V
khuyt thiu
+ (be) P2 (by S)
+ Loi b QHT, V
khuyt thiu

+ i "by S" thành "for O" (nu có)
+ i (be) P2 => to be P2
Eg : There is a lot of work which has to be done (by us)
=> There is a lot of work (for us) to be done

* Loi b QHT Which / Whom khi  vai trò tân ng :
Eg : The boy is standing next to the headmaster. We have ever met him.
=> The boy (whom) we have ever met is standing next to the headmaster

Quan h t kép
- Where = in / on / at which
N
ni chn

where
in / on / at which
S
which
(V/be)
- What = that which + S
Chú ý : Trc 2 t này không dùng danh t
Eg : She thanked me for what / that which I had done for her
Translate : Cô y cm n tôi vì nhng gì tôi đã làm cho cô y
- Why = for which + S



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

Eg : She explained the reason why / for which she hadn't come on time
Translate : Cô y gii thích lý do vì sao cô y không đn đúng gi
- Whoever = Any body who + (V/be) : Bt c ai ngi mà
S (V/be) whoever
Eg : You're responsible to whoever is in charge of sales
Translate : Bn phi chu trách nhim cho bt c ai ph trách vic bán hàng

- S (V/be) such N
nhiu
as SV : Nhng ngi / vt mà
Eg : You should meet such people as you like
(Bn nên gp nhng ngi mà bn thích)
- Whomever / The man whom + S : Nhng ngi ngi mà
- Pre + whom / which + S / (be) / (V)
* Không dùng "that" sau gii t và du phy

TOPIC 7: INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct
Indirect
Meanings
Thi hin ti : (V)
điu khin
 HT/TL
- Không lùi thi
- Không chuyn đi Adj/Adv
(This => This, These => These )
- i CN / TN (Tân ng) / TTSH / TPT (i t
phn thân) / TSH (i t s hu) sao cho phù
hp
Thi quá kh : (V)
điu khin
 QK
- Lùi thi
- Chuyn đi Adj/Adv
- i CN / TN / TTSH / TPT / TSH sao cho
phù hp
Statement (Trn thut) :

S (V)
điu khin
that SV
(V)
điu khin
: say,
explain, report, tell
Eg : He says : "We will
open a new shop next
Monday" => He says
that they will open a



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

new shop next Monday
Command (Mnh lnh) :
S (V)
điu khin
sb
to V / not to V
(V)
điu khin
: tell, advise,
invite, remind, ask
Eg : He tells : "Open
the door" => He tells
me to open the door
Question (Câu hi) :

(V)
điu khin
: ask, wonder, want to know
Chú ý : Sau (wonder) và (want) to know ch
đc đt if/whether/WH, sau (ask) có th đt sb
WH-Question :
S (V)
điu khin

WH S V?
Yes/No :
S (V)
điu khin

if / whether S V?
Eg : He wonders : "Why did you leave me?"
=> He wonders why I left him
Eg : "Shall I ever see them again?", he wondered
=> He wondered if he would ever see them again
ôi khi đ bài cho sai (V)
điu khin
, ta phi tìm v dng đúng
Eg : "When did we have to take the exam?", say the chidren
=> The children ask me when they had to take the exam
Nu đ bài có 2 mnh đ
Trong đó có mnh đ gii thích lí do,
nguyên nhân, ta ni 2 mnh đ bng
as/because
Eg : She says : "I must get up early, I want
to catch the train" => She says that she must

get up early because she wants to catch the
train
Không có mnh đ gii thích lí do, nguyên
nhân, ta dùng (V)
điu khin
phù hp mi
mnh đ
Eg : She asks : "I know this place clearly
and can you walk with me?" => She says
that she knows this place clearly and asks
if I can walk with her
Nu đ bài có các liên t when / if / unless / while , ta phi đt "that" trc các t trên,
nu không phi đi v mnh đ
Eg : She says : "If you are free, I will take you to the zoo"
=> She says that if I am free, she will take me to the zoo
=> She says she will take me to the zoo if I am free
Chân lý, s thc không lùi thi
Eg : "An hour has 60 minutes" he
explained



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

=> He explained that an hour has 60
minutes
Thi QKTD
Nói ti hành đng hoàn tt hoc không xy
ra : Lùi thi v QKHTTD
Nói ti hành đng cha hoàn tt :

Gi nguyên QKTD
Mnh đ "when" nu nm trong câu gián tip thì c mnh đ "when" và mnh đ chính
có th lùi thi hoc gi nguyên thi
Sau would rather / would sooner / It
is time / S (wish), mnh đ là QK
không lùi thi
Eg : "Bill wants to go alone" said Ann, "but I'd
rather he went with a group" => Ann said that Bill
wanted to go alone but she would rather he went
with a group
Had better / Might / Ought to / Must / Should
Ch ng khác You
You
Gi nguyên mnh đ
cha nhng t trên
Had better
(advise) sb to V/ not
to V
Hoc gi
nguyên mnh
đ cha nhng
t trên
Might
(ask) sb to V
Ought to
Must
Should
(advise) sb to V
(warn) sb not to V
(urge) sb to V

Câu K
K 1 => K 2
K 2, 3 => Gi nguyên
Eg : "If I had a permit I could get
a job", said he
=> He said that if he had a
permit he could get a job
"If I were you, I
would V"
(advise) sb to V
Eg : "If I were you I'd not wait",
I said to Mary => I advised Mary
not to wait
K Zero : "I
should/would be
(ask) sb to V
Eg : "I should be very grateful if
you would keep me



Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

grateful if you
would V"
information", he said => He
asked me to keep him
information
used to V
Gi nguyên mnh đ cha nó

Eg : "I know this place well
because I used to live here", he
explained
=> He explained he knew that
place well because he used to
live there
Khi S
điu khin
và
S
chính
trùng nhau,
ta chuyn S
chính

nh sau :
He => The man / The boy
She => The woman / The girl
They => The men / The women /
The boys / The girls
Eg : Tom said : "He came in
through the window" => Tom
said that the man had come in
through the window
This/These + N
That/Those/The + N
Eg : He said : "I bought this
pearl for my mother" => He said
that he had bought that/the pearl
for his mother

This/These (i
t)
This => it/It
These => them/They
Eg : He said : "We will discuss
this tomorrow"
=> He said that they would
discuss it the following day
This/These (Th
hin s la chn,
phân bit)
This => The one near
These => The ones near
S (point) to / (show) / (touch) the
one / the ones S (want)
Eg : "I'll have this", he said to
me => He said to me that he
would have the one near him /
He pointed to the one he wanted
"Shall I/We V ?"
"Would you like
me/us to V ?"
(offer) to V
(offer) sb sth
Eg : "Shall I bring you some
tea?", asked the waiter => The
waiter offered to bring me some
tea

Biên Son: KIU THY TRUNG –ADMIN TOEIC PRACTICE CLUB và IELTS BAND 8

Khi các hành đng nói v s vic không thay đi đc hoc rt khó thay đi, chuyn
sang gián tip ta gi nguyên thi
Eg : He said : "I didn't buy the house because it was on a main road"
=> He said that he hadn't bought the house because it was on a main road
(Ngôi nhà ch có th  đng cái, khó mà chuyn ngôi nhà đó sang mt v trí khác nên
gi nguyên thi)
"If SV + Command"
"Command if SV"
(tell) sb to V if SV
(ask) sb to V if SV
(V) (sb) that if SV I/We (be) to V
(be) trong trng hp này dch là
cn / nên / phi
Eg : He said : "If you are
free wash your clothes"
=> He said to me that if I
were (K 2) free I was
to wash my clothes
"Shall we V ?"
"Why don't we V ?"
"Why not to V ?"
"Let's V "
"What about Ving ?"
=>
(suggest) Ving
Eg : "Shall we meet at the
theater?" => He suggested

meeting at the theater
Câu cm :
What (a/an) Adj N!
How Adj S (be)!
How Adv S (V)!
S (V/be) such (a/an) Adj N!
(remark) / (exclaim)
that SV
Eg : He said : "What a
beautiful city!"
=> He exclaimed that it was a
beautiful city / He exclaimed
that the city was beautiful
Li chúc :
"Happy New Year!"
"Good luck!"
"Happy birthday!"
S (wish) (sb) (a/an) +
Li chúc
("a/an" b loi b khi
danh t trong li
chúc mang s nhiu
hoc không đm
đc)
Eg : He said : "Good luck!" =>
He wished us good luck
(Không có "a" vì "luck"
không đm đc)
"Let's not" dùng mt mình trong câu tr li
Eg : "Let's sell the house" said Tom. "Let's