báo cáo thí nghiệm địa kỹ thuật

Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
MỤC LỤC
THÍ NGHIỆM 1: XÁC ĐỊNH ĐỘ ẨM VÀ ĐỘ HÚT ẨM CỦA
ĐẤT TRONG PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM.
1. Mục đích thí nhiệm:


2. Cơ sở lý thuyết
!"!#$!
 Độ ẩm của đất (W%&'&()*+&',-./*0!
12.345*67!
 Độ hút ẩm (Wh)&'&()*5*689:.;*
88%+&',-./*0!
Chú ý<
 =>4&'?&@.3A82
8&'8B!C*?A828&'8B&'
228D&'7$E/FG
8(H!H !
 IJ.F8&'&'2(42H+H"*F8K
D!
! !I&;..$!
    = L4&',-  MN  ):"%<
 =OL

+,>PQ,-M+&'N): %<
19R IN"
Hình 2: Cân kĩ thuật
Hình 1: Tủ sấy
Hình 3: Cốc nhôm
Hình 4 : Dao cung

Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
*9<
 <8&'+,-S
 
H
<8&'T&'A828&'8B
+,-S
 
"
<8&'O+,-S
 

<8&'O5*689+,-!
3. Chuẩn bị mẫu và thiết bị thí nghiệm.
U!"!V,O!
 VW./O96P$O!
 2XO+W,Y./,>3,3OEA
,/+9,YW7O+&'8&'&'A
(;"H
U! !2,$!
 AZ[&'$2UHH
H
V
 VF8KD942H+H"
 V<"Y+"(!
 \]P!
19R IN
Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật

4. Trình tự thí nghiệm
^!"
 _3;,ZO+X*6!
 VF8&'.,-F8KD
 `AO98&'83"R.
 VF8&'.9)O!
 aY.9)OAA($NZ"!R
 _b:].%)O.3&'A/N@
AP&(FA<
 cA//*@<
 R@(JJ.S
 U@(.S
 d@()6)&'E;(;RM!
 `/A6
 @(J+J.)6]6.E;S
 "@(.!
 APZ8$.e$,$A[
A/!
 c8A+F8&'.O8!

^! 
 VWO$f*O5*689:.;8*
88%T&'ZY*)*FA9&@8b
"!c9,-.&;..&+*3O(.*@
AP/A]*bYSPGP*6 &@9(
,Z](.*,./&;&;SAO$
* ./4)
 c8T*Z!
19R INU
Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí

Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
 VF8&'.,-F8KD
 `A83;"RfO*,?T.&;..&
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 c8A+F8&'.O8!
5. Kết quả thí nghiệm
C,&(25*9&',3$<
Bảng 1: Biểu ghi độ ẩm TCVN 4196-1995
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 1&@$W$
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THÍ NGHIỆM 2: XÁC ĐỊNH KHỐI LƯỢNG THỂ TÍCH
CỦA ĐẤT TRONG PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
1. Mục đích thí nghiệm
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*[+.PtPPQX,-P+8X8,{*
*&@'.>?P6O[9828,.6
76$*&@+u9>PG.&;..Pe!
 I&;..,W.PG>48&'>P9
{68(;R+89X,-Pe+8XPQ,{t+
&9>7EA|'?P8/.)!
 I&;..>,-P/3PG>48&'>
6P+,G+9)Z7D.F
}]89AON.&;..*!I&;..A,g
$4>O98&'T,2**&@
Y:P/3%@PttP!
!U~/$<
 IJ.F>48&'8&'2(

42H+"M8&'O$5*6
 c/48&'>bOA*6
&'A•)8g6+&
W*&@'.8&';!
19R INn
Hình 7: Thước kẹp
Hình 6: Dao vòng
Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
 Sai lệch823E/4(gkhông
được quy lớn hơn 0,03g/cm3!*&@'.,T8g
?7$A.J.&'H+HUkU+&8A2
**,?+.328€N*,!
 **,?823/4&'A
8&'>OA*6!V823&'
,>PQ(420,01g/cm3!:.Pt8238&'
>%
 V82348&'>.38€N.&;..4
+**6$:7982A
AX.S+!!!!%!
3. Thiết bị thí nghiệm
 \e!
 &(8•.!
 \X9&{‚!
 VPFAJ.92P$pH! >XO!
 _O!
 VF8KD942H+H"!
 r.98ƒ$!
 A!
19R INd

Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
4. Trình tự thí nghiệm:
 \G&(8•.&@8*:P%Z:%Pe<
Pe,-
U
(42j)!
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 VF>48&':%Pe!
 \GP‚W,-]]/XPeBA
O!
 \GP‚XW./f*$Pe
 `6,*Pe+9FPe9O!
 c8F4+AO*Pe.98
&'T,2*&(8NA8>4!
5. Kết quả thí nghiệm.
a3823<
19R INo
Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
Xác định độ ẩm TCVN 4196-1995
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Xác định khối lượng thể tích TCVN 4202-1995
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Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
6. Nhận xét:
 **?$97$+PO2*8
&'*>98'.ƒ

THÍ NGHIỆM 3:XÁC ĐỊNH GIỚI HẠN CHẢY TRONG
PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
1.Mục đích thí nghiệm:
&'(63A*$
2.Cơ sở lý thuyết:
 Giới hạn chảy:&;)(6J982,.
6A>f*6Pj*63A!„(63A:L

%&'

]*&,-:,-./*0%,(&(5
93PW0,-?9P&(Pt*W&',3F
"HFAvF;"H!
 V)<
M"HH
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− 
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− <8&':%!
  #2342H!"M!c$/$
8&'(; M!
19R IN""
Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
3.Chuẩn bị mẫu và thiết bị thí nghiệm:
U!"!2,$<
 C3PW0,-<,.DA298?9…

,-J.8*[+99[UH
H
 R!*3PW+NZ
?9+["H98X*e!
 _O!
 8+,?&(6!
 V<:%!
 \>*!
 VF8KD(4H!H"
 A&'Z[$
 a*N])
U! !V,O<
 _3O<
− <J!
− _X<4N
− *6<89
 \G)A>ZO*g*FA">6,Y./
**FA!=&./W*FA7,+*9&(,9
8K,-P!
4. Trình tự thí nghiệm:
 \GP8K6AO/ATF8&'*&(!
 =]{9&3PW0,-?9]O
7*+uW9f6F]*O
 agg+"H?9.3&'"H?)Y
T6((63A!
*Vƒ<
12"H?9&&'"H?.3A*B
,&(*g6!
12"H?9;"H?.3A*B,
68,(&(

19R IN"
Khoa KT Địa Chất-Dầu Khí
Báo cáo Thí nghiệm Địa Kỹ Thuật
 \GPA*8&'83"H8:9
X.%,2*&(8&'*&(>4!
 aYA5$"HR
H
V* ^
5. Kết quả thí nghiệm:
Xác định giới hạn chảy TCVN 4197-1995
c$O<Rh„rV _  3<  J+  4
N+89
1A1<"UkUk H"^
#r,? #`
l,?+ #`,?+
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8+
=  
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,?
c
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RU!H
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R"

"H!RU H!n" "H!Rd "n!"o RU!U
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c$"!Up M
.G'.q$1^"on"ooR.D823RU!HM
6.Nhận xét:
Sai số xảy ra do:
 _O8gP*?;2OO8Z!
 \tt$3PW8D4+**?33
PW?8&'‚)899>].59+983
PW&&'"H*"Ho*"H
 1&@$].Z**?$:8ZA
8;2O+33PW8‚)3PW80,-%
 **?;2O?Z&(&("H
T3PW"H*g+.3.;O!
19R IN"U
THÍ NGHIỆM 4:XÁC ĐỊNH GIỚI HẠN DẺO TRONG
PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
1.Mục đích thí nghiệm:
&'(63A*$
2.Cơ sở lý thuyết:
 „(6Pj&;)(6J982,.
6A>f*6)*6Pj!„(6Pj:L
P
%&'
]*&,-:,-./*0%8T*Z
(&(0N9&@8U+?N,X/*6)
)E6X9ZP83fU2"H!
Công thức<
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W 100%
m m
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<8&'O&;:%!
− 
H
<8&'O8:%!
− <8&':%!
 #23&',>PQ,-./*0(4H!"M!c
$E/8&'(; M
3.Chuẩn bị mẫu và thiết bị thí nghiệm:
U!"!2,$<
 _O!
 8+,?&(6!
 V<:%!
 \>*!
 VF8KD(4H!H"
 A&'Z[$
 a*)]N
U! !V,O<
− _3O<
− <J!

− _X<4F
− *6<89
 \G)A>ZO*g*FA">6,Y./
**FA!=&./W*FA7,+*9&(,9
8K,-P!
4. Trình tự thí nghiệm:
 \GP8KO*,)+9AP]
.‚e,A]/9A0Z*]82
8N*e(&@8U!2.t0(84$
*6)79TA*E2)YP83U"H
 `AN:9X.%T,2*&(8&'288
&'83"H!

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120N&@8(;UT*6)]&@8,-
U9)&,*b5E?O.36
5. Kết quả thí nghiệm:
Xác định giới hạn dẻo TCVN 4197-1995
c$O<Rh„r\ _  3<  J+  4
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1A1<mkUk H"^
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8+
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6.Nhận xét:
Sai số xảy ra do:
 _O8ZP08ZA+NXNP+9N&6

 1&@$8;2O8ZA+80NZ
?N9+80N4?8&'
DAX.6+A?PO(9
THÍ NGHIỆM 5: XÁC ĐỊNH SỨC CHỐNG CẮT CỦA ĐẤT
TRONG PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
1. Mục đích thí nghiệm
)XON$
2. Cơ sở lý thuyết
!"#$<
 c)X:τ%.379(67)(
,X/,.6*&'N].‚!
 c)XG6v8+GAN*6
Dƒ9:).6827+]+%+u&
Z8$$:.&;..$+;A9+8&(
O$‡%!
 c7.6,X/43A*8)2.&')X,*
8:
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 =>D&'823DA+$4)X.3
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*?]*F*?!
! I&;..$!
 c)X
τ
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IC/&'7..A272.A2(] X+,-
1;S
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 C$E)X
τ
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,>PQ,-.&;*?<
: %tg C
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 ϕ9*S
 V7P;6J+]A2   6  +
,-1;*JA:#„k

%
=>4*ϕV+/.324
τ
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U*8
σ
(G.&;..$!
Chú thích <
=>?*ϕV(.+/.39m/
4
τ
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3.Chuẩn bị mẫu và thiết bị thí nghiệm:
 VAX<
o _AX97Pt*72.!
o _AX97Pt2.!
 _]P&(*O.3&'6.‚+(J.Pe
]AT*&(!=>X8&(+.3A
A,-A:]Y%
 r.Xg./P./8P!
 J*AZ7!
 =gg,2P6),2P694H+H"!
 \eX+JA)7!
 _APG>J
 V63F07H+ R"#k
U

+H+R"#k
U
+"#k
U
 \
4. Trình tự thí nghiệm
 _3;,O$!
 \GPeAO:ƒ]*]P&(Pe.3
&'W.‚+J.(Pe4.3&'6%!
 =NPe2A,X+]P&(8A2+
*g2A+[8A8(.(Pe+]Pe
8A>O*;4e*eA+]2A
,Z]O+9]2.2*+GDA
X.6+9OA,-86!
 \A>JA2.7O*gZ[gg
AZ‰H‰!c9]X..7O*gZ[0
,-5.P&(9-!
 `A 86O**g AAA>*AZ7 
JA!
 #8gg80+6**gg!
 A3*WD.6,&(*!
5. Kết quả thí nghiệm
C,&(25*9&',3$
Bảng 9: Biểu ghi cắt phẳng
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THÍ NGHIỆM 6: XÁC ĐỊNH KHỐI LƯỢNG RIÊNG CỦA
ĐẤT TRONG PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM.
1. Mục đích thí nghiệm:
8&'*ON$
2. Cơ sở lý thuyết

!"!#$
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)+8A$+42.]8b*b!
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OA828&'8B5$f"HH2"HR
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Chú ý:
 8&'*.tA2./8D!#
&'*08*)Z8D]!
! !I&;..$!
 •rŽ1„r••_A8>*72.8&'*
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:%<8&',?}*W)/AAZ.GS
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 #&',8A$
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 :`&ƒ<=>48&'*8)+.3PG
&(S>48&'*9).3PGP/
Y!•,$A[48&'*8)
%
 IJ.F>48&'*.3&'2*F8KD
(42H+H"!
 =(bO/2/‘!V$823
E/‘8&'(;H+H kU!
 `A**,?/$8&'*
O!
3. Chuẩn bị mẫu và thiết bị thí nghiệm:
 1&(!
 VF8KD4H!H"!
 a?}*W9P8Y;"HHU!
 VA!
 ’FA&(1H :8&(*FA %!
 A[$!
 a?F8!

 }*W82
 IQY!
 1$82!
 r.
4. Trình tự thí nghiệm.
 `A83"HHT&'89+PGAZ
Y!
 =NZ*FA1H +[A./W*A2
$!
 `A./>4
 `A83"R HTW*A&@8 +PG.QY
,?}*WT,2*&(8&'!VF,?}*W&'
*?*f8&',?+9&'8&'8
$*,?98&'H
 =B&(‘>,?}*W+E,?*A+XZ+N
,W8*,?F8!
 cUH.+2.tB&(,?26DAX.,?
6+PG808,?J.*B,?9X.62.t
F8!
 c"R.A,?}*W*+PGF8KDF8&'
,?}*W8DA8X.98&' !:)+,?+X.
,?&(%!
 2.t2].6,&(*&8,?}
*W!VF8&'&'U:&(+,?+X.%!
5. Kết quả thí nghiệm:
C,&($5*&'823$&'65,3
Biểu ghi khối lượng riêng TCVN 4195_1995
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THÍ NGHIỆM 7:XÁC ĐỊNH TÍNH NÉN LÚN TRONG
PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
1.Mục đích thí nghiệm:
J*Z8$.e$
2.Cơ sở lý thuyết:
 J8303>:P3*b+,>$5
73Z%P&(Pt3*W!
 q$4J,g<r$J+PB,2
P6+$82
3. Chuẩn bị mẫu và thiết bị thí nghiệm:
 _AJ
 _O,-86!
 \W!
 \ttO9Pe!
 AZ[&'$!

 =gg,2P698X6H+H"!
 VF8KD942H+H"!
†_3O<,GJ9O'.E;+4N+Pj
 `A./O$4!
 =NF+8AO9O6Y!
 =]O.J:( ]&'9%!
 aTeO(@N!
4. Tiến hành thí nghiệm:
 `OA"./O4!
 =Z+&@8Pe!
 =*F8KD(42H!H"
 #OT&',4,-.&;..Pe+A.J*
8Y,AX.O!*&(8X.O+.3,(.P/]
5]Pe.J!*]O.3]
@AT&'*&(:]A*&(8FO%!_O
&']5E+u&'&(*&(.*G
*AZ3*W!
 =].JTX.]4O,J+F,-$03
,-*W].>*AZ7!`X.]gg,2
P6Z[8gg9Z*,/]Z*“H”!
 03*WNP•,2P6O
5.Kết quả thí nghiệm:
VZPe< H!H 
a3m!"<„*$J.3H! R#k
@:.% –
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H! R H! R
H!R H! n
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H!Uo

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d H!m
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UH H!dR
mH H!oR
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