mô hình xử lý dfd (data flow dlagram)

CHUaNG 1
MO HitiH
xU LY DFD (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM)
<)\
Trang: 4
1. Phu'dngphap phan tich DFD [3]
-
1.1. T~i sao phiii co cong C\ld~ h6 trq vi~c phan tfch thie'tke'?
Khi xay d\l'ng mQth~ thong thong tin ngoai nhung kh6 khan v'e ky thu~t, slf
thie'u hi€u bie't v'e kie'n thuc qUailIy cua h~ thong dang duQc xay dlfng, con mQt
kh6 khan khong kem ph'an quail tn;mg la cac van d'e traG d6i thong tin: giii'a
nhii'ng nguai c6 trinh dQ khac nhau trang nh6m phat tri€n xay dlfng h~ thong,
giii'anhung nguai d~ithang, nguai sa d~ng va nh6m phat tri€n h~ thong. Cac kh6
khan th€ hi~n d mQtso di€m c~ th€ sail:
a. Thong thuang cac nha qUailIy thuang d~t cac yell c'au chung chung v'e h~
thong ma hQ c'an, va nguai sa d~ng thi chi bie't cac cong vi~c trang ph~m vi cua
minh ma it bie't de'n moi lien h~ voi cac bQph~n khac. Vi v~y ma phan tich vien
phai bie't cach gQi md va dung mQtphuong phap naG d6 d€ nguai dung hi€u r6
hon cac cong vi~c cua minh.
b. Ph'an Ion nguai slYd~lllgkhong th€ hinh dung duQc slf ho~t dQng cua h~
th6ng thong tin sail nay. HQkhong bie't dii'li~u se duQcxli Iy va th€ hi~n ra saG,
may tinh se clIng cap eho hQnhii'ngbaa bi€u naG, vi the' vi~c cling cap mQtbue
tranh toan canh v'e mo hinh ho~t dQng cua h~ thong g'an gui voi cae eong vi~c
cua hQla mQtdi'eu he't suc c'anthie't.
c. Phan tich thie't ke' mQth~ thong thong tin doi hoi phai hi€u bie't Luongt~n
tung chi tie't, ca v'e cong vi~c qUail Iy Hinky thu~t. Bay la khoi luQng cong vi~c
IOnlieu phi nhi'eu thai gian. Nhung lam the' naG d€ nhin duQc loan canh va cac
m6i lien h~ LIangh~ thong nhung khi muon di VaGchi tie't cua mQtph'an naG d6
thi vftne6 du thong tin?
. - - - . .
d. Vi~c th€ hi~n nhii'ngchi tie't clia h~ thong moi, voi d'ay du cac d~c ta de -t~o

nit5mtin cho ngl(ai sa d~lllg,m~c du bay gia c6 mQtso van dt5hQchua hi€u hoan
loan.
e. Ne'u xay dlfng cac tai li~u mo ta dung ligon ngii' cua nguai dung, thi l£;ii
khong hii'll d~ng cho ngl(ai thitt ke' v~t Iy va I~p trinh, nhung ne'u nguoi phan
tichqua di sail VaGd~c d tung chuc liang, I~ide lam cho nguai I~p trinh mat tinh
dQcI~pd€ tim ra mQtcach giai quye't tot nhat. Do d6 tai li~u mo d h~ thong c'an
phai xay dlfng the' naGcho phu hQp d€ nguoi dung c6 th€ hi€u va khong gay kh6
khan cho nguai I~}})trinh?
Voi cac van d'e LIenvi~c tim ra mQt ligon ngii' chung mo hinh h6a cac h~
th6ng thong tin d€ vi~c traG d6i giii'a nguai sa d~ng va nh6m phat tri€n, giii'a
nhungthanh vien trong nh6m phat tri€n duQCde dang la htt suc c'an thie't. Hi~n
Trang: 5
nay da co mQt so' phuong phap d~ giai quye't va'n dt3nay, trong do DFD (Data
flow diagram) fa mQtphuong phap duQcdung kha ph6 bie'n.
Tuy nhien day khong phai Ia nQidung chinh cua lu~n van, nen lac gia khong
cling ca'p day du cac kie'n thuc vt3mo hinh DFD, ma chi cling dip cac kie'n thuc
can ban can thie't d~ b<:tndQcco th~ till hi~u cac phan can l<:timQtcach d~ dang
ma thai.
1.2. Ve sd d6 dong dii'li~u
Trang phan tich thie't ke' h~ th6ng chung ta can phai nh~n ra nhilng th~c the
ben ngoai, kho dil li~u, dong dil li~u cling nhu cac bie'n d6i cua dil li~u truck lac
dQngcua cac dong dil li~u. £)~mo ta h~ th6ng mQtcach day du chung ta can dua
ra cac do hinh don gian d~ mo ta cac d6i tuQnglIen.
Cac quy uck ky hi~u [3]
1.2.1. Cae thlj'ethi hihzngoiLi
Thuong dtIQCdung de chi S\Iv~t hay nguoi ben ngoai h~ th6ng, co th~ cling
dip dil li~u cho h~ th6ng hay nh~n cac dil li~u tu h~ th6ng. Vi dl;t:khach hang,
nhan vien, nha cling ca'p, phong ke' loan, kho hang £)~ ve il1Qtth~c th~ bell
ngoai chung ta dung il1Qthinh vuong voi 2 c<:tnhlIen va ben trai duQc ve 2 net.
Th~c th~ bell ngoai duQc chi dinh bdi cac ky ~ d goc lIen ben trai cua hinh

vuong.
D
Trang truong hQpth~c th~ ben ngoai co nhit3udong dil li~u lien quail d~ tranh
s~ chong cheo cac dong dil li~u, chung ta co th~ ve l~p l<:tith~c th~ ben ngoai
nhi'eu lan, va nh~n d<:tngchung bang cach ve them cac duong cheo d goc duoi
bell phai. Vi d~:
KHA.CH
HAN~<,~\
~
NHAN
VIEN
c
NHAN
VIEN
a
c
a
NHA
CUNG CAP
KHA.CH
HANG
ffinh 1 Cac th~c th~ ben ngoai
Trang: 6
1.2.2. Dong dilli?u
C6 th<3xem nhu mQt 6ng d§:n trong d6 dli li~u duQc chuy<3ndi. Dong dli li~u
duQc ve bai cac mlii ten, httang cua mlii ten chi huang cua dong dii' li~u. Mlii ten
hai chien c6 th~ duQc dung d<3thay cho 2 mlii ten gi6ng nhau nhung nguQc
huang.
Di~u
chinh

Kho
Hlnh 2: Cac dong dCi'li~u.
Cae thl!e th~, kho dCi'li~u va cae xU'ly dell c6 th~ Ia ngu6n xua't phat hay la
dich de'n eua dong dii'li~u. Cac phien ban truac day doi hai phai ghi phan ma ta
dong dii'li~u bang chii'nha a phia tIeD nhu a hinh 2, nhung hi~n nay khi da dinb
nghIa nQidung tl! di~n dITli~u, thi phan ma telduQcghi bang chITIOnchi ra rang
n6 da duQcma teltrong tl! di<3ndli li~u. Vi dl!-:ne'u chung nhin vao BAo-BIEU-
BAN-HANG trong tl! di<3ndii'li~u chung ta se tha'y cac thanh phan cua n6 dttQc
li~tke nbu san:
-BAo-BIEU-BAN-HANG-HANG-NGA Y
PHA.N-TICH-PHV0NG- HVONG-BAN-HANG
~ / ~ ? / ,
PHAN-TICH-HI~U-QUA -BAN-HANG
~ / /, ?;!
PHAN-TICH-BAN-HANG-THEO-SAN-PHAM
Trong mQtso'truong hQpne'u y nghla cua dong dli li~u da ro rang chung ta c6
the khang can ghi phan ma fa. Tuy nhien trong mQts6truong hQpl~i ra't kh6 ma
ta day du
y nghla cua dong dii' li~u. B6i vai nhling truong hQp nhu v~y thi my
thuQcvao tinh qualJ.,tn;mgcua cac d6i tu'QngIDaIData cho thich hQp.Vi dl.l:Ne'u
illQtkhach hang c6 th<3gai de'n: ddn d~t hang, thanh loan, loi than phien, cac
truyva'nthi chung ta khang Denve:
Trang: 7
c
KHACH
HANG
Kim Ira
Philn tich
Bao biu ban hfmg
NHA

ban hfmg

QUAN
LY
c
Ddn d~t hang
Thanhtoan
Cae call hoi
KHACH
HANG
Lei than phiSn
San ph1lmtra vS
Phiin
Io~i
gIao
dieh
Cae call hoi
Lei than phiSn
ma tuy VaGhi~n tr<;lng,ne'u xli' Iy "phan lo<;ligiao dich" la quail trQng chung ta
lien dung mQt khai ni~m chung "giaodich khach hang" d€ chi tftt ca cac thong
tin ma khach hang gdi Wi va gom chung thanh mQt dong dii'li~u duy nhftt.
c
KHACH
HANG
Giao dieh
Khaeh hang
Phiin
Io~i
giao
dieh

Cae call hoi
Lei than phiSn
nhung ne'u Xll'ly "phan 10<;ligiao dich" khong quail trQng chung ta co th~ bo
no va chuy~n thong tin tr~(ctie'p de'n cac xli' ly tu'ong ling.
c
KHACH
HANG
Cae call hOi
Ghi
nh~n
thanh
loan
Sua
Ddn
d~t
hang
Xu 1;'
eae
cau
h6i
1.2.3. Xu Ii
Xli'ly du'qcth€ hi~n b~ng hlnh chii'nh~t iron goc, m6i xli'Iy co mQtdinh danh
duy nhftt.Xli'ly thu'ongduqc chia lam 3 ph'an:
r(';~
Trang: 8
Dinh daub
M6 tachilc niing
Tharn khao v~t ly
Phan djnh danh co th6 1a mQt so, thuong du<;Jcdanh so ill' trai qua phai trong
ma hinh DFD nhung khang co 9 nghla gi hon ngoai vi~c Ia chi danh cua xii' 19,

bdi vi mQt vai xii' 19co th6 du<;Jcph an chia thanh 2 hay nhieu xii' 19 va ngu<;Jcl(;1i
nhieu xii' 19 co th~ h<;Jpnha't t(;1othanh mQt xii' 19. Ngo(;1itru truong h<;Jpphilo chia
hay hQp nha't, cac xii' 19con l(;1ikhong duQc thay d6i chi danh, bdi vi chung duQc
dung d nhieu dong dli 1i~uva d cac muc philo ra tha'p bon.
M6 tel cllltc nc1ngnen sii' dl;!ng call m~nh l~nh, ba:t d'au b~ng mQt dQng tu va
IDeo san 1a mQt m~nh de d6i tu nhung cang don gian cang t6t. Vi d¥:
Nh~p - chi tiel khach hang mojo
Ki6m tra - <Tiatri tin dun<Tcua khach han<T.
b . . b b
Tham khdo v(llly ph'an nay lien quail den giai do(;1nthiet ke v~t 19,no cho bitt
xii'19du<;Jcthtfc hi~n bdi ai, hay bQph~n nao phl;!trach.
29 37
Nhap
chi titt
khach hang.
moi
Tinh
gia tri
thanh phii'm
Ban hang
PM205
BQ ph~n
Ten chuang trinh
MQt xii' 19 thtfc hi~n vi~c ki6m tra va co th6 cho nhieu kha nang ket qua
chung ta gQino Ia xa ly di~u khiln.
1.2.4. Klzo dilli~'u
DuQcdung d~ 1u'utn1'dli 1i~u.Kho dli 1i~uduQcve b~ng hai duong th£ng n~m
ngang song song va dong kin illQtd'au.M6i kho dli li~u duQcchi danh bdi chITD
theo san Ia mQtso'nguyen my
yd~t trong illQt khung bell trai.

Trang: 9
[§] PHIEU THU CHI
Trang tniang hQp d~ tranh chong cheo cac dong dIT1i~u, chung ta co ve kho
dli 1i~u l~p l~i vai fan va nh~n d~ng ra chung bAng cach them cac v~ch dung ben
trai. Vi dl;l:
~ KHACH HANG EJ NHAN VIEN EI KHACH HANG
Khi tmy xul1t mQt kho dIT1i~u mlii ten dong dli 1i~u di VaGkho th~ hi~n mQt s1!
c~p nh~t sli'a d6i thong tin kho dIT1i~u. NguQc l~i mlii ten di ra th~ hi~n kho dIT
1i~u duQc tmy xul1t duoi d~ng chi cho phep dQc.
GiiJliim \i~c
Nhap giiJ
lam \'iec
I D2 [ NGAY CONG
?
Cae chi ti€t tinh lu'dng
Tfnh
lu'dng
1.2.5. QllYzt(jcv~ vi?cae muc pluit triill
M6i mQtxli' 19d milc cao co th~ phat tri~n thanh mQtso dB dong dli li~u clla
chinh no d muc thl1phon va ma hlnh DFD chi tiel cua xli'19nay duQcgQila mQt
h? thongcon. M6i xu 19d h~ thong con din phai th~ hi~n moi quan h~ cua chung
voi cac muc lIen. Do do cac xli'19d muc thl1pthuang dltQCdanh so la ph'an th~p
phan cua muc lIen no. Vi dl;l:xu 1929 duQc phan di thanh cac xli'1929.1, 29.2,
29.3 va neu c'anco th~ phan ra xuong muc thu ba nhu 29.3.1,29.3.2.
Cach th~ hi~n r6 rang nhl1tla ve so dB dong dli li~u d muc thl1pben trong cac
dltong bien bi~u dien so dB d muc cao bon, r6 rang tl1tca cac dong dli li~u VaG
va ra xu 19d muc cao d~u phai di qua duong bien.
Cac kho dli li~u chi duQcsli'dl;lngbdi xli'19nay se nAmben trang, nguQc l~i
nhlingkho dIT1i~uduQcdung chung voi cac xli'19khac chung phai duQcd~t nAm
lIen duong bien.

Cac th\1c th~ ben ngoai khang duQc d~t ben trang duang bien, ngay ca truong
hqp th\1cth~ do chi duQc dung duy nhl1t bdi xli' 19.
<!\
Trang truong hQp dong dli 1i~u giao vdi dong dli li~u khac hay giao vdi mQt
kho dli li~u, chung ta co th~ dung mQt cung lIon d~ th~ hi~n r6 duong di cua
dong dli li~u.
Trang: 10
~
l-
I
2. Vi d\1ung d\1ng cua phuong phap DFD trong phan tich thie't ke' h~ thO'ng
thong tin
VI d~ nay duQc lac gia 1a'ytir mQtb~i loan th\lc te', nh~m m~c dich giup b£:ln
dQchieu duQcvi~c xay d\lng m6 hlnh DFD duQctie'n hanh ra saG?N6 cling duQc
sii'd~ng trong cac chuang tie'p IDeo de minh hQa cho cac ph'an 19thuye't trong
m6i chuang.
Bai toan:
MQtc6ng ty san xua't banh k~o baa g6m 1 nha may san xua't va 3 chi nhanh
phan phoi san ph~m. T£:linha may chlnh va m6i chi nhanh dell c6 kho rieng d~
tan tn1'hang h6a. C6ng ty dang c'anling d~ng tin hQcVaGvi~c qUail19nh~p kho
va ban hang t£:licac chi nhanh. Vi~c ban hang dtlQc tie'n hanh b~ng cach nhan
vien tie'p thi de'n chao hang va yell c'au khach hang (c6 the 1a khach hang Cll
ho~c mai) ghi don d~t hang, va hang se dtlQc giao sam nha't 1a sail mQt ngay.
Kbach hang c6 th~ thanh loan lam nhieu 1'ancho mQth6a don ban hang.
C6ng vi~c quail 19 t£:lichi nhanhg6m cac ph'an va thu wc chi tie't duQc th~lc
hi~n nhu sail :
2.1. Nh~p hang tit tang cong ty
. Chi nhanh vie't p.hie'ud~ ngJ~ixua'thang.
. T6ng c6ng ty vie'tboa don xua't va chuy~n hang cho chi nhanh.
. Chi nhanh vie't phie'u nh~p kho theo s6 luQng th\lc te' va nh~p hang VaG

kho.
. Ne'u s61tlQngnh~p th\lc te'kh6ng dung vai h6a don xua't cua t6ng c6ng ty,
thl chi nhanh vie'tphie'u b6i thuong cho tai xe' va baa ve t6ng c6ng ty.
2.2.Ban hang cho khach
. Nhan vien tie'p thi de'n chao hang.
<'~\
. Khach hang vie't don d~t hang gdi cho chi nhanh th6ng qua nhan vien tie'p
thi.
. Chi nhanh kiem tra dnh hQp1~cua don d~t hang.
rI:)H.~H.TlrNHIEN1
. Ne'u don hang khang h<JpI~ tnllt;li eho khaeh hang.
. Ne'u don hang h<JpI~ thi ki~m tra kho xem e6 dli hang d~ giao khang '1
Ne'u khang dli hang se ghi nh~n It;licae don d~t hang ehua du<Jegiai
quye't, dong thai vie't phie'u d~ nghi xuftt hang gdi eho tang eang ty.
. E>6ivdi cae don d~t hang dli hang giao thi t~p h<Jpcae don d~t hang eung
tuye'n duang vao chung mQtxe giao hang.
. Vie't phie'u d~ nghi xufttkh~ eho cae xe giao hang.
. Vie't h6a don eho cae don d~t hang va xuftt hang d~ nhan vien giao hang
di giao eho khaeh hang.
2.3. Theo doi cong mj cua khach himg
. C~p nh~t eang n<Jciia khaeh hang.
. Khaeh hang thanh loan eho nhan vien tie'p thi.
. Nhan vien tie'p th!nQpti~n eho bQph~n ke' loan.
. Ke' loan vie't phieu thu ti~n eho khaeh hang.
. Ke' loan c~p nh~t rang n<Jcua khaeh hang.
Bay giGchung ta se I~p ma bing DFD d~ ma hinh h6a loan bQcae xii'19eua
cac rang vi~c qlU:ln19tren. Tn1oche't chung ta l~p ma hinh tang th~, d day c6:
Hai tl71!cthE herz ngocli
1. TONG CONG TY
2. KHAcH HANG

. - .
Niim xi( ly chinh
1. Nh~p hang cho chi nhanh.
2. Ki~m tra don d~t hang.
3. Ki~m tra kho va xuftthang.
4. Thea d6i cang n<;icua khaeh hang.
5. L~p cae baa eao nh~p xufttton kho va eang n<J.
Cac kho da lifu
<'~\
I. Danh m~c khach hang - luu tra danh saeh eua tilt ca cae khach hang.
2. Danh m~c san ph§'m- lu'utra danh saeh eua t{t ea cae san ph§'m.
Trang: 12
3. Phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh - hm tru tilt ca.cac phie'u nh~p kho cua chi
nhanh.
4. Phie'u xuilt kho cua chi nhanh - lu'u tru tilt ca d.c phie'u xuilt kho cua chi
nhanh.
5. ton kho cua chi nhanh - hill tru so lu'c;ington kho hang h6a cua chi nhanh.
6. Bdn d~t hang - luu tru tilt ca ddn d~t hang mdi va ddn d~t hang cho giao
l~i tru'dc d6 cua khcichhang. Tr~ng thai "mdi" hay "cho giao l~i" cua cac
ddn d~t hang du'c;iCphan bi~t bdi thuQctinh trgng thai.
7. H6a ddn - luu tru tilt ca h6a ddn cua khach hang.
8. Cong nc;ikhach hang - lu'u tru cac fan thanh loan cua tung h6a ddn, cua
khach hang.
9. Phie'uxuiltkho cua tang cong ty - lu'utru tilt ca phie'uxuiltkho cua tang
cong ty xuiit hang cho chi nhanh.
10.Phie'u boi thu'ong Citatai xe' - luu tru thong tin boi thu'ong cua tai xe' trong
tru'ong hc;ipxay ra milt hang.
Trang: 13
Hinh 3 Mo hZllhDFD to?llgquat cua h? thffllg
~ PHrEU NHAp

El
TONG
CONG TY
H6a ddn xu;!'!kho
Nh~p hang
cho
chi nhanh
D5
TON KHO
2 3
E2
KHA.CH
HANG
hang
Ki~m tfa
k11ova
xuilthang
Ki~m tfa
don diit
4 5
Theo d6i
cong nq
cua
L~p cae
bao cao
nh~p xua't
va cong nq
El
TONG
CONG TY

kMch hang/ 4\
Trang: 14
D€ hi€u 1'6them sl1ho<;ltdQng cua h~ th6ng chung ta se phan Iff cae xii' ly cua
ma hinh tang quat xu6ng cae mile thap bon. Dftu lien la xii' ly "Nh~p hang vao
chi nhanh" trong xii' ly nay, ngoai vi~c xii' dl;lng cae:
Kho dli li~u chung: Philu nhqp kho, t6n kho du'qc d~t n~m t1'en du'ong bien.
Thl1Cth€ bell ngoai : Tang cong ty du'qc d~t bell ngoai du'ong bien.
con co hai kho dli li~u: Philu xuat cua t6ng ty, philu b6i thuang chi du'<;Jcxii' dl:111g
trong xii' ly nay, nen chung du'<;Jcd~t ben trong du'ong bien cua xii' ly.
?
amile phan 1'anay xii'ly chinh du'<;Jcchia thanh 5 xii'ly d mile thap hon:
1. Vie't hoa don xua't kho t<;litang c6ng ty.
2. Ki€m t1'as6 hJ'<;Jnghoa don voi so s61u'<;Jngthl1c te'.
3. Vie't phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh.
4. Di-euchinh s61u'<;Jngton kho.
5. L~p phie'u boi tht(ong cho tai xe'ne'u bi ma'thang.
Hlnh 4: M{j hillh DFD ciia xli lj UNhqp hll1zg VllOchi llluillh "
1. Nh~p hang vao chi nhanh
09 I P. XUAT TCT
1.1
1.2
1.3
El
TONG
CONG TY
H6a deiu
xui;'! kh-o
Vie't
hoa don
:mat kho

Ki~m tra
s6h1<1ng
-
so v6i
hoa don
Vie't phie'u
nh~p kho-&'
Nh~p hang
LL-
L~p phi€u
b6i thuang
cho
tai x€
1.5
Bi€u
chlnh
t6n kho
DIol BOI TWaNG
41
Trang: 15
Hinh 5: MfJIllnll DFD ciia xu ij "Kiim tra dUlldijt Ilcuzg"
2. Ki~m tra ddn d~t hang
'\
1E0 KHA.CH
I
2.1 2.2 2.3
E2
KRAcH
HAN/
ViEt

ddn d~t
hang
Bdn
d~thang
Ki~m tra
khach
hang
Khach Nh~p
hangmdi thOng tin
khach hang
moi
Khach
hang
cu
2.4
Ki~m tra
ten
san pMm
1E2 j SANPHAM
Ten
SP
Ten
SP
sai
dung
2.6 2.5
Gdi
thOngbao
:\d vltdt
qui djnh

-~ ~

Thon)l
baa
Ki~m tra
c6ng n<;1
iDS I CONGNQ
Bdn d~t han~
{~6ID.DATHANG
7
Mile ph an ra eua xU' Iy "KitSm ITa don d~t hang" kh6ng co cae kho dii' li~u
rieng IDa sU'dl;mg c.t,c:
Kho dii' li~u chung: khach hang, San phclm, cong nr; va dan dgt hang.
Tht;tethtSben ngoai: Khach hang
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Ph'an xii'ly dU<;1Cphan ra thanh 6 xii'ly nho han:
1. Khach hang vie't don d~t hang.
2. Ki€m tra khach hang tren don d~t hang da co chua?
3. C~p nh~t cac thong tin v'ekhach hang, ne'u la khach hang maio
4. Ki€m tra xem cac ten san phfim ghi tren don d~t hang co dung hay
khong? .
5. Ki€m tra khach hang co n<;1vu<;1tqua s6 ti'en qui dinh hay khong?
6. Gdi thong baa tra l~i don d~t hang cha khach, ne'u khach hang ghi sai ten
san phfim ha~c s6 n<;1da vu<;1tqua quy dinh.
ffinh 6: Mfj hinh DFD cua xii Ii "Kiim tra kIlOva giao hang"
3. Ki6m tra kho va giao hang
EJJ-Iang
TON KHO
D6 IB. BAT HANG

3.1
3.4
3.3
Bi€u chinh
kho va
l~p phie'u
xua'tkho
IBBBM~I ~p
Ki6mtra bOadonva
tan kho giaohang
Khong
dtl
hang
xu!;'t
HOA DCiN
E1
TONG
CONG TY
~ '")
.:>
Vie't pbjeu
d€ n"bj
c .
xua't kho
Dsl CONG N<}
E2 .
KRAcH
HANG
H6a don + hang h6a
Xli'19"Ki~m tra kho va giao hang" duQctie'ntanh bdi 4 xli'19nha:

1. Ki~m tra s61uQng tan kho.
2. Bi-euchinh s61uQngkho va l~p phie'u xuit.
3. L~p hoa ddn
~ lien tanh giao hang cho khach.
4. Vie't phie'u d-enghi xuit hang gdi v-etang ~6ng ty trong truong s6 luQng
hang d chi nhanh kh6ng dd d~ giao.
.
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Cac xli' 19nay khong dung kho diI li<$ufieng ma chung se lac dQng dtn cac:
Kho diI li<$uchung: Don d{jt hang, phitu xwl't, t8n kho, h6a don va cong nq.
Tht1c th~ bell ngoai: T6ng cong ty va khach hang.
Chung ta da phan fa 3 xli' 19 cua mo hlnh tang quat, tfong 2 xii' 19 con I~i thi
xii' 19 "L~p cac baa cao ve nh~p xuat kho va qUail 19 cong nQ" chi Ia vi<$ctang
hQp thong ke cac thong tin d'au vao lien chung ta khong c'an phai phan fa chi titt
them. Rieng mo hinh phan fa cua xli' 19 "Theo d6i cong nQ cua khach hang" thi
duQc chia thanh 3 xli' 19nho:
1. Khach hang nQp lien.
2. Vitt phitu thu.
3. C~p nh~t cong nQ ciia khach hang.
Cac xli' 19nay lac dQng dtn:
Kho diI li<$uchung: cong nq va Phie'u thu.
Tht1c th~ ngoai: Khach hang
ffinh 7: Mo hillh DFD ciia xiiii' "Theo doi collg m! ciia kluicll hilllg"
4. Thea d6i cong nd cua Khach halHT
'\
4.1 4.2
E2
'RHAcH ,-
HANG
/

NQp
tih
- Vie't
phie'u
thu
-
~
PHrEU THU
\.
Phie'u
tllU
4.3
<>,1\
qp nh~t
cong
n~
1DSI CONGNQ
"-
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3. Nhfi'ng h~n che' cua phuong phap DFD va huang khiic ph\lc
Qua cae ph'an trlnh bay lIen chung ta c6 mQt vai daub gia v'e phuong phap
DFD nhu sail:
Uu diim
T~o duc;icmQt co sd thang nhfft cho vi~c th~ hi~n mQt h~ thang thong tin, giup
cho vi~c traG d6i thong tin giii'a phan rich vien - ngudi sli' dl.;lllg,giii'a phan rich
vien - l~p trlnh vien trd nen d~ dang, nguai sli' dung c6 th~ hlnh dung ra Gong
vi~c cila hQva cae moi lien h~.
B~ng cach sit d~ng cac hlnh anh trl;I'cquail n6 giup vi~c th~ hi~n mQth~ thang
thong tin duc;icthl;I'chi~n d~ dang, thong doi hoi ngudi dung phai lieu tan nhi'eu

thai gian cho vi~c hi~u bie't n6.
Khuye'tdiim
Tuy c6 mQt vai quy udc chi phai vi~c ke't nai cac doi tuc;ingtrong mo hlnh,
nhung ph'an ldn d'eu mang tinh trl;I'cquail, thie'u cac co Sdly lu~n ch~t che, thong
c6 mQtquy lu~t naG chi phai so luc;ingcling nhu nQi dung cila cac dong dii'li~u
VaGva dong dii'li~u ra clla mQtdai tltc;ing,ching h~n trong mo hlnh "nh~p hang
VaGchi nhanh" d trang 15 ne'u chung ta ve them cac dong dii'li~u 1.1 -7 D3, 1.1
~ D10 va 1.1-7 1.4 thl dl.tdig6c dQ cu phap cac dong dii' li~u nay d'eu hc;iP1~,
nhung v'ephuong di~n ngii'nghia thl cae dong dii'li~u nay thong c6 thl;I'c.
Khi dQc mQt mo hinh DFD chung ta d~ dang hlnh dung dong dii' li~u di
chuy~n nhlt the' naG, nhl.tng do thong c6 nhii'ng quy dinh ch~t che d~ di~n giai
cho dung cac dong dii' li~u ra va nhii'ng quy lu~t chi phai cac mai quail h~ giii'a
_cacdong dii' li~ll VaGva cae dong dii' li~u ra clia mQt daitltc;ing, nen rfft kh6 )Cae
dinh cae moi quail h~ ton t~i trong h~ thong d~ tie'n hanh ki~m tra trong giai
do~ndi d~t. Vi d~: dai vdi xli'ly 2.2 trong mo hlnh "Ki~m tra don d~t hang" a
trang 16 chung ta thong th~ xac dinh duc;icmai quail h~ giii'a hai dong dii'li~u
VaG2.1-7 2.2, D1 -7 2.2 va hai dong dii'li~u ra 2.2 -7 2.3,2.2 -7 2.4 la gl?
Vi thong xac dinh duc;iCcac mai quail h~ trong mo hlnh, nen thong th~ thl;I'C
hi~nvi~c ki~m tra d~ xac dinh tinh dung diln clia mo hlnh. Do d6 c6 th~ dftn tdi
caesai l'amkhi dlta h~ thang VaGtri~n thai ap dl;lllg.
Kh6 khan khi xem xet sl;I'ho(;ltdQng va tr(;lngthai hi~n t~i clla h~ thang khi
c'anthie't,ching h~n1hi xem sl;I'ho~t dQngclia h~ thong "Quan ly ban hang", thi
m6i ngudi se hinh dung sl;tho~t dQng clia h~ thong rhea cach rieng clia minh,
chlithong c6 mQtcach thuc, mQtphuong phap th~ hi~n chung, ma mQinguai khi
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nhin vao d6 d~u hi€u duQcsl1ho~t dQng va tr~ng thai cua h~ thong dff dil3nra
nhu the' nao.
Hudng khiic ph¥c
TIm kie'm mQtma hinh c6 ca sd Iy thuye't ch~t che, c6 th€ xay dl1ngh~ thong
chuang trinh d€ till kie'm cac moi quail h~ tan t~i trong h~ thong, LIenca sd cac

quail h~ till duQcke't hQp vdi cac t~p dli li~u mftu thl1Cte' d€ ki€m ITama hinh,
ngoai ra thl1chi~n vi~c giii I~p sl1ho~t dQng cua ma hinh d€ xem xet sl1ho~t
dQngcua cac doi tuQngtrong ma hinh.
Vdi huang giiii quye't nhu uoen,cang vi~c tie'p theo la xay dl1ng cac lu~t dftn
xufitd€ chuy€n cac quy udc ky hi~u cua ma hinh DFD sang ma hinh mdi, thl1c
hi~n till kie'm cac moi quail h~ tan t~i trong ma hinh mdi, tir d6 phan anh nguQc
I~icac moi quail h~ leu ma hinh DFD, dang thai dl1avao chung d€ ki€m tra ma
hinhDFD. .
Tren co sd yell c'au d~t ra nhu the', m~ng PeuoiduQc xay dl1ngLIenco sd loan
hQcch~t che, cling vdi cac thai ni~m
(cac khai nifm nay sl! du(jc gidi thich J
chuang sau): place, transition rfit giong cac doi tuQng: thl1c th€ ngoai, tho dli
li~u, xli'Iy cua ma hinh DFD. Han the' nlia cac thai ni~m: bitt bitn, kh6ng gian
trqmgthai duQcth€ hi~n dudi d~ng cac cang thlic loan hQCse Ia cac cang c~ giup
chung ta till kie'm cac moi quail h~ va th€ hi~n tr~ng thai cua h~ thong. Nhu v~y
m~ng Petri Ia ma hinh tot nha't giup chung ta giai quye't cac va'n d~ kh6 khan
trong ma hinh DFD.
Trudc khi ling d~ng m~ng Petri d€ giai quye't cac va'n d~ lieU LIen,chung ta
c'andi vao chuang 2 d€ till hi€u m~ng Petri mQtcach r6 rang bon.
4\
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