Đề cương ôn tập tiếng anh lớp 10

REVISION FOR THE SECOND-TERM TEST - GRADE 10
1) TO INFINITIVE TO TALK ABOUT PURPOSES
a. PHRASE OF PURPOSE: Cụm từ chỉ mục đích
* Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích khẳng định ta dùng:
* Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích phủ định ta dùng:
b. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP:
b1. Dùng cụm từ chỉ mục đích (phrase of purpose):
* Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau “want” không có tân ngữ (Object)
- Mary gets up early every morning. She wants to learn her lessons.
 Mary gets up early every morning to learn her lessons
* Viết lại mệnh đề chỉ mục đích cùng chủ ngữ:
- We learn Engish so that we will have better communication with other people.
 We learn Engish to have better communication with other people.
b2. Dùng cụm từ chỉ mục đích nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau “want” có tân ngữ hay
mệnh đề chỉ mục đích khác chủ ngữ , ta phải theo công thức
* Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau “want” có tân ngữ (Object).
- He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him
 He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.
- They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation.
 They whispered in order for noone to hear their conversation.
Exercise: Use to/ in order to/ so as(not) to + infinitive to combine each pair of sentences:
1. Mother entered the room quietly. She didn’t want to wake up her baby.
2. Mary phoned me. She wanted to invite me to the party.
3. We are learning English. We can get a good job.
4. I took off my shoes. I didn’t want to make any noise.
5. My mother needs a tin-opener. She wants to open this bottle.
2) ADJECTIVE OF ATTITUDE ( tính từ chỉ thái độ)
Ex: I was very interested in reading books
*)Participles used as adjective(phân từ được dùng như tính từ)
a)Hiện tại phân từ(Present Participle): V ing: nghiã chủ động
b)Quá khứ phân từ(Past Participle): V ed/3: nghiã bị động

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S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1
S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1
Ex: - She got up early …………… miss the bus.
- He studies hard ………………. fail in the exam.
in order for + O + to V1
Ex: - I try to study ……… …… pass my next exam.
- I try to study ….…………… pass my next exam.
- He does morning exercises regularly …….………
improve his health.
Ex: The film was very boring
He is bored with this film
Exercise: Complete the sentences with the suitable “-ed”, “-ing” form of the words in brackets.
1. The book I’m reading is really _______. (Interest)
2. I’m really ______ in reading this book. (Interest)
3. The girl was ______ about her coming birthday party. (Excite)
4. The match we saw on TV last night was very ______. (Excite)
5. The story I just finished had a very ______ ending. (Surprise)
6. I was really ______ by the ending of the story. (Surprise)
3) WILL AND GOING TO
+ WILL: quyết định đưa ra vào thời điểm nói
Ex: There is a post office over there. I’ll post these letters
You still haven’t put this shelf up, Tom. – OK, I’ll do it tomorrow
+ GOING TO: một dự định
Ex: I’m going out, I’m going to post these letters.
_Dự đoán TL
+ WILL: dùng sau I think, I don’t think, I’m sure, I’m not sure
Ex: I think Chelsea will win
+ GOING TO: một dự đoán có căn cứ
Ex: There isn’t a cloud in the sky. It’s going to be a lovely day

* WILL: một lời đề nghị: I’ll open the door for you

1. What __________wear for tonight’s party?
A. will you B. are you going C. are you D. are you going to
2. “Did Tom do the examination?” – “He do it but in the end he changed his mind”
A. will B. is going to C. was going to D. decided
3. I cross the road when somebody shouted “Stop!”.
A. am going to B. was going to C. would D. will
4. I promise I help you with your homework.
A. will B. would C. should D. may
5. We have run out of water. – Really? Give me the bucket and I fetch some.
A. will B. go C. am going to D. can
6. We need some bread for lunch. – Oh, do we? I go to the shop and get some.
A. am B. am going to C. should D. will
4) It was not until; mãi đến mơí
Ex: It was not until 1915 that cinema becam an industry
1). The students didn`t stop chatting until their teacher came.
It was not until ……………………
2). I didn`t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 5.
It was not ……………….
3). John didn`t finish reading my book until last Tuesday.
It was not …………………….
4). She didn`t recover her confidence until that morning.
It was not ………………….
5). My sister didn`t go abroad until she was at high school.
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It was not ……………………………
6). She didn`t go to bed until the light went out.
It was not ……………………………….
5) Non-defining and defining relative clause

a)defining relative clause : Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng khi danh từ đứng trước không xác định, không có dấu
phẩy
Ex: I have 3 cars. The car that is in garage is broken
The car that I bought 3 years ago is broken
I remember the day (when) I meet him
b)Non-defining relative clause . Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định , dùng khi danh từ đứng trước xác định, có dấu
phẩy
EX : Mary, who introduced us at the party, called me last night
Exercise: Combine the following sentences, using relative pronouns or adverbs :
1. The man is my uncle. He is talking to the police.
2. I know the boy. His bicycle was stolen.
3. Mr Lee teaches chemistry. I met him yesterday.
4. The students were very nice. We visited them yesterday.
5. The bomb caused a lot of damage. It went off this morning.
6/ Mrs. Linda has bought a big house . Her dog is very fierce
7/ Tom works in a factory that is very far from home. Tom’s car is very good.
B Fill in the blank with the relative pronouns or adverbs:
1/ We have studied English at the school ________ I studied five years ago.
2/ I understood the reason _________ you told me.
3/ The book ____ I have just bought is very interesting.
4/ The girl _____ you met three days ago has just come here.
5/ The girl ________ picture has just been taken is a Miss.
6/ The hotel _____ we stayed for a week is a five star one.
7/ That was the reason _____ she left for Michigan.
8/ Do you remember the day __ we met each other?
9/ Have you finished the homework _______ was given by Miss Dung yesterday?
10/ He passed the final exam, _____ made his parents happy.
8) ARTICLES: A/AN , THE
a) Mạo từ bất định: a/an đứng trước danh từ không xác định để chỉ người/vật không xác định hay mơí đề cập
lần đầu

Ex: The train stop at a station
The play was a comedy
My father is an engineer
a) Mạo từ xác định: the đứng trước danh từ xác định để chỉ người/vật đã xác định hay đã đề cập đến trước đó.
Ex: A man booked into a hotel in Chatenham. Then he went out and didn’t return to the hotel
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Lưu ý: Không dùng “the”
- trước bữa ăn: breakfast, dinner, lunch
- trước môn thể thao: football, tennis, badminton…
- trước các cụm từ: at home, at work, at office
Dùng “the”
- trước vật duy nhất: the sun, the moon, the sky
- trước nhạc cụ: play the guitar, play the piano …
- trước một số từ chỉ đất nước: the United States, the Philippines, the United Kingdom
- the + tính từ: chỉ một nhóm người trong xã hội: the poor, the rich, the injured …
Ex: The injured were taken to hospital
Jane has gone to the hospital to visit Tom
They are learning French.
1. I won't be home for dinner this evening. I'm meeting some friends after work and we're going
to cinema.
2. unemployment is very high at the moment and it's very difficult for people to find work.
3. There was accident as
.
I was going home last night.
4. We'd better go. We've been here for hour.' 'That was fastest hour I've ever spent.'
5. Don't forget we're meeting on Friday for lunch.
6. 'I've got headache.
9) PASSIVE VOICE : Câu bị động
b) Form: be + V3/-ed
Ex: The book was written by Nguyen Du

Cách chuyển từ câu CĐ sang BĐ
Active S + V + O
Passive S + be + V3/-ed + by + O

Ex: Mike designed this house
This house was designed by Mike

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into correct voice.
1. The new motorway (plan) __________________ and built last year.
2. The photos (take) __________________ in a London studio last week.
3. The floor (clean) __________________ every morning.
4. Hundreds of people (report) __________________ to have lost their houses in the fire last weekend.
5. A lot of rice (grow) __________________ in Cuu Long Delta
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences:
1. Somebody will meet you at the airport.
 You……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Someone broke into Tom’s house last night.
 Tom’s house…………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mr. Clark will solve this problem soon.
 This problem…………………………………………………………………………………
4. They are pulling down the old theater.
 The old house…………………………………………………………………………………
5. They water the flowers every morning before sunrise.
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 The flowers…………………………………………………………………………………
6 Nobody told me that George was ill. .
 I……………………………………………………………………………………………
7.The teacher doesn’t call my name.
 My name………………………………………………………………………………….
8.They can hold the meeting before May Day.

 The meeting ………………………………………………………………………………
9.Does she invite you to her wedding party?
 Are you …………………………………………………………………………………
10) WH-QUESTION
Wh- + V trợ + S + V chính + O?
HTĐ: Wh- + do / does + S + V1 + O?
HTTD: Wh- + is / am/are + S + V-ing …?
QKĐ: Wh- + did + S + V1 …?
HTHT: Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed …?
TLĐ: Wh- + will / shall + S + V1 …?
Các từ hỏi:
- What: cái gì?
- Who: ai?
- When: khi nào?
- Where: ở đâu?
- How long bao lâu?
- How often bao lâu một lần?
- How old bao nhiêu tuổi?
- How tall cao bao nhiêu?
- How heavy nặng bao nhiêu?
- How far bao xa?
- How many + N đếm được bao nhiêu?
- How much giá bao nhiêu?
- How much + N không đếm được có bao nhiêu?
1. I like football because it makes me excited.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. We bought the souvenirs in Ha Long Bay last summer.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My sister enjoys listening to classical music.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. There were about 90 to 100 people at the concert last night.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We take a holiday once a year.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
11) CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2
a) Form
If Clause Main Clause

b) Use
Ex: I don’t know her name. If I knew her name I would tell you
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12) CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 3
If Clause Main Clause

Ex:( I did not visit Mary because I did not know her was in town)
If I had known Mary was in town I would have visited her
Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) __________________ you.
2. If you (speak) _______________more slowly, he might have understood you.
3. He (look) __________________ a lot better if he saved more often.
4. If I became very rich, I (build ) ________________ a hospital for the poor.
5. What (you do) __________________ if you got fat ?
6. What you (do) __________________ if you found a burglar in your house?
Exercise 2 :Rewrite the following sentences begin with IF
1. Because I didn’t know that there was a test yesterday, I didn’t study
→………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. We came by bus because there were no taxis.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. We don’t visit the museum because we don’t have time.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. You didn’t tell me we had run out of bread, so I didn’t buy any.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. He doesn’t work hard at school so he gets many bad marks
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you.
→…………………………………………………………………………………………………
13) ALTHOUGH or DESPITE
Although / Even though / Though + S + V
Despite / In spite of + N / V-ing
Ex: Although he is rich, he is not happy. (Don’t write: Although he is rich, but he is not happy.)
Despite being rich, he is not happy. / In spite of his richness, he is not happy.
Exercise : Rewrite each sentence.
1. It was snowing but they still went out for a walk.
 Although ……………………
2. Although Tom’s leg was injured, he practiced playing soccer.
 In spite of……………………
3.Although she is good at English, she didn’t get the scholarship.
 Despite………………….
4 .James had a headache, but he still read until late.
 In spite of …………………
5. Despite the bad weather, they still went on their picnic.
 Even though……………….
6. In spite of having learning French for 3 years, they are not able to speak it well.
 Although …………………….

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