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L%.67$1\3;*1B21&,_1;Y]]
LH W>X;*1B21&,_1;Y]V
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>
•VG“P

–J'$%1&5$3=$$&k1+9•
LHfHGfGfGL]V•fN1‘&P
–&C$$‚$%).41$&k11563U5$%Jz,3Z$%$&O$+9Gf]1‘&
–&,>{)*$%Jz,3Z$%$&O$3=$3{)x+9•
f•Gf]•Vf]]$%Jz,
&C$$%Jz,
– *$%Jz,$&k11561B[$%D?135+I$&W$V$%Jz,fM[/:63&C$(&JW$%T$>:(34(
˜GGDD
 
!"#$$$% &'().

(*) Đập than cấp + 100 mm
&5$34(˜GGDD)5.8&,>:(v.*$%–GGDD)x1@[1&9$&3T334(&@1$&F
&W$&9$&(&=$>?&@1)<$(&`D>:((&€1&.?3/9[12$&3&411&5$>J5>:(/9+[@,
DT6>:(3&C$Mn$%B[$%1&h31_1&,_18_vJw$%$%Jz,15>J5>:(3T334(&@1+I$
)5.>{>J5(&O$123&BO6f(&O$123&3&ˆD$#,3T334(&@11&.?3)<$(&`D>:(/9
>J5(&O$123&>?1B[3T334(1A1BC$%
™[8&Z$%3{8_1}.<1&2$%&,-Df$7$%,<1&,_1B^$%•&9$&(&=$>?&@1)<$
(&`D>:(1JW$%1h$&J1&9$&(&=$>?&@13T334($&F&W$%,I,&@$1B7$1&5$>J5
1.6K$1B[$%1&5$$%.67$8&5,
–&.&[@3&3T334(&@11B[$%)<$(&`D>:(12$&$&J)5.•
_.%C,•
γ
,1
–&.&[@3&34(&@11&ƒ,1B[$%1&5$$%.67$8&5,1BJI38&,>:(34(˜GGDD
γ
˜
–&.&[@3&34(&@1˜GGDD>J5>:(
–&,>{1&.&[@3&34(&@11&ƒ,1B[$%)<$(&`D>:(


GG
it
id
γ γ
γ
γ
+
+
=

‹“ N]P
Ví dụ :™h5/9[)*+, ;<$%HfvT3>Y$&>J'31&.&[@3&/9>?1B[34(˜GG
DD1JW$%ƒ$%/I,γ
˜GG
•Lf]V“fg
˜GG
•LVfV“f12$&1&.&[@3&34(&@1LG–GG
DD1B[$%)<$(&`D>:($&J)5.•
γ
(50−100)
= = 0,77 %
_.%C,•
γ
,)>
•&.&[@3&34(&@11&ƒ,1B[$%1&5$$%.67$8&5,)5.8&,>:(34(&@1+I$
 
!"#$$$% &'()/

γ
,)M

•γ
,1
˜γ
,M
‹“ NVP
Ví dụ : &.&[@3&34(&@1LG–GGDD1B[$%1&5$$%.67$8&5,)5.8&,>:(
34(&@1˜GGDD
e
NLG–GGP
ef˜Gf]]•Hf“f
–?1B[1&5$34(&@11&ƒ,1B[$%1&5$$%.67$8&5,)5.8&,>:(1&5$34(&@1+I$
>J'312$&$&J)5.•
™[8&Z$%3{8_1}.<1&2$%&,-D$7$%,<1&,_1B^$%>?1B[3T334(&@11B[$%
)<$(&`D>:(>0.;^$%$&5./9;^$%>?1B[1&5$34(&@1+I$
_.%C,•
g
,1
‹γ
,1
–?1B[/91&.&[@3&1&5$34(&@11&ƒ,1BJI38&,>:(34(&@1+I$
g
,M
‹γ
,M
–?1B[/91&.&[@3&1&5$34(&@1+I$1B[$%)<$(&`D>:(
–&,>{>?1B[/91&.&[@3&1&5$34(&@11&ƒ,)5.8&,>:(34(&@1+I$g
,)M
‹γ
,)M
>J'312$&1&i[3Z$%1&ƒ3)5.•

 
it it id id
isd
isd
A A
A
γ γ
γ
+
=
‹“ NP
Ví dụ : 2$&>?1B[1&5$34(&@1LG–GGDD1&.?31&5$$%.67$8&5,)5.8&,
>:(34(&@1˜GGDD$&J)5.•
g
NLG–GGP
••VfH“
 
!"#$$$% &'()0

 0!"#$%&'(()*+),S)+,%Y#-4#:22
4#'(
5 6
)*+), N #f.%Y# )S)%Y#
e
(
78 9
(
78 e
^
78 9

^
78 e
S^
78 9
S^
78
;2<22  ]] G]] LVV H VH
=;<;2 GH HVH G LVV GH HL
;<=; G]V V]L G LVV  HG
><; V GL  LVV GGV ]L
=<> VL V GLH LVV V H
<= ] G G LVV GH 
23;< L  GL LVV GH ]
<23; HV L GVL LVV ] HV
-&  VH L]V LVV GG HG
3?3E3"#$(@(AB()*+),+,%Y#-4#'(U\
&5$34(˜GGDD)5.8&,>:($&F3{1&9$&(&=$1A1BC$%&[9$1[9$8&T3
1&9$&(&=$1A1BC$%3&2$&34(&@1>{f3~$%$&J3U53T334(&@1$&F&W$DI,1@[
1&9$&&h31_8&,$%&,7$3ƒ.12$&8&<1.6K$1&5$f34(&@1+I$)5.8&,>:($&F
$%Jz,15(&<,>J53T334(&@11B[$%)<$(&`D>:(>,(&O$123&3&ˆD$#,
™[8&Z$%3{8_1}.<(&O$123&3&,D$#,f$7$8&,1&,_18_15%,<1&,_1B^$%•
&9$&(&=$1A1BC$%3U5D?134(&@1;418›$9[>{$&:$>J'3)5.8&,>:(34(
&@1+I$f3~$%1JW$%1h$&J1&9$&(&=$1A1BC$%3U534(&@1>{1BJI38&,>:(f1B’
1&.&[@3&&5,34(1A1BC$%$&F$&41/9+I$$&411&56>#,f+9D1&56>#,>?1B[3U5
34(&@1>{)5.8&,>:(34(&@1+I$f3|$>?1B[3U53T334(1A1BC$%1B[$%34(&@1
8&Z$%1&56>#,
_.%C,1&.&[@3&3U534(1A1BC$%$&F$&41N–fHP/9+I$$&41N˜fGP3U5
D?134(&@1+9Q/9s153{&-(&JW$%1Bˆ$&)5.•
 
!"#$$$% &'(*1


Q˜γ
NfH–fP
˜œ˜γ
NfV–fGP
˜s•GG
Qg
N–fHP
˜γ
NfH–fP
g
NfH–fP
˜œ˜γ
NfV–fGP
g
NfV–fGP
˜sg
N˜fGP
•GGg
G

g
G
NLG–GGP
•VfH“N)*+, +46w;<$%]P
Ví dụ :QT3>Y$&1&9$&(&=$1A1BC$%34(&@1LG–GGDD)5.8&,>:(34(&@1
˜GGDD$&J)5.•
™h5/9[)*+, ;<$%L/9]153{•
Q˜f]˜fGH˜f]˜LfH˜Vf]˜s•GG“
Qf˜f]f˜fGHf˜f]fL˜LfHVfV˜Vf]LLfH˜s]fH

•GGVfH
,<,&-(&JW$%1Bˆ$&1B7$vT3>Y$&>J'3Q•Lf]“‹s•]fH“

_1}.<12$&3&[w;<$%V
 F!"#$(@(AB()-D--4#'(S)+,%Y#-4#'(:22
4#  (@
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3=<3E L H GH  L GL H ] G
3E<3; L L GL ] V] GV HH  GH
3;<3> G] HL GVH GV LL GV L HH GL
3><3F L HH G L]L H G G] V G
3F<?32 LV GH ] ] ]  ] LV G
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V
]V LL ]G ]H HG H] ]LHL G
& GG ]L GGV GG HG  GG HL GH
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3=<3E ]  GH V H LGL
3E<3; GH  GL V]  HH
3;<3> ] L GL H] HG 

3><3F LH VV G ] HG V]
3F<?32 V] LLH L  ]]L VG]
:? ]H ]H L VV ] HHL
& GG VH H LL HLL GG
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<3=
G
 ] GVV
G
 GVV ] GG HLLV HLL
3=<3E LGL H VV L LL L] LL HHVG LLL
3E<3; HH

 ]H]
VV
L HHHV V LL HHV GLH
3;<3> 
HG
 VV LH  V] LL HL HG
3><3F V]
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 GH] L]V L]
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L V HGV G
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L GH]V
L]

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HLL
 HHL LH ]
 
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<3= LG] VH VV LG] VV VH GG ]LG ]L
3=<3E L H ] LLHL GL L H LLG L]H
3E<3; L
L
 H L]V HHG L] L LGH] LGV
3;<3> G]
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L L  LH V]  VH LVLH
3><3F L
HH
 L  LVG V] HVG HH 
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H H]V ] VVG H HHH ]H HH
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& GG
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<3=  ]H G  G ]H GG HG HG
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3=<3E  L LV  LV L LL]V VGG LG
3E<3; ] V] ]H LH HL]] ] LGV ]VHH L]H
3;<3> GV LL G L] ] ]VH L ]GHH LVGH
3><3F L]L H GGV H LGL G L LH 
3F<?32 ] ] H ]V GH LV H] HVLL LL
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<3= HL   HL   GG HLV HL
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]
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3;<3> L HH LH L LG]
GH
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V LG HVL VH]
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