các nguyên tắc xử lý nước thải theo phương pháp cơ học hóa lý và sinh học





TIỂU LUẬN:
CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC XỬ LÝ NƯỚC THẢI
THEO PHƯƠNG PHÁP CƠ HỌC,
HÓA LÝ VÀ SINH HỌC
Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Sinh viên thực hiện: Nhóm 1
Th.s Lê Tấn Thanh Lâm 1.Nguyễn Vũ Phát Đạt
2. Nguyễn Hoài Nam
3. Phạm Thanh Vân
4. Cao Thị Mỹ Tiên
5. Phan Thị Thảo Xuân
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MỤC LỤC
DANH SÁCH CÁC BẢNG
BẢNG
Bảng 2.1.-&./0!(12..-&./3!(45!)!( 6.%!.789:3!(;<&
TRANG
=
Bảng 2.2.;3>;?!(!;@1.-&./8!()A#!( !1B!(!(&C"
Bảng 2.3.D!;E!(1FG!;@1.-&9H!IB&./;<!(
Bảng 3.1.  !":!J .%!12.!;@1.-&.&K3A0
Bảng 3.2.LH.M3-!(&K!1N3./K!IB5!.O!PQR***I(+>J ST
UVG> ,W(+>X
Bảng 3.3.LH.M3-!(&K!1N3./K!IB5!.O!PAG3>01YZY%> 
=**I(+>X
Bảng 3.4.2.>;?!(!;@1.-&AG3S[>\
Bảng 3.4.%!12.!;@1.-&9:3J 8J 9:3/G1FG].^&B!(.6

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DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH
HÌNH TRANG
Hình 2.1.a8!(1b!/'1.B
Hình 2.2.a8!(1b!/'1.&!
19
19
Hình 2.3. c9&d3eG>;3>;?!( 19
Hình 2.4. 5!>01'">f1 21
Hình 2.5. 011g!YB!( 21
Hình 2.6.G
,

R
23
Hình 2.7. L78.hi.^84B!( 27
Hình 2.8. _7>
R
28
Hình 2.9. >
,
Pa
=

X
R
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 28
Hình 2.10. >
,
Pa
=
X
R
28
Hình 2.11. k3'./5!Y78.hi.^84B!(1FGBI 29
Hình 2.12.  30

Hình 2.13.&!4l.Ab!
Hình 2.14.
Hình 2.15.C.#!("g!F66HIY%!(;?1Ue!(PmaX
30
30
35
Hình 3.1. aT9$1B!(!(CS[>\!;@1.-&.&K3A0 41
Hình 3.2.B5!Ag!"T&1'. 41
Hình 3.3.B5!>&K!.h1 42
Hình 3.4.aT9$M3&./5!1B!(!(CS[>\!;@1.-&.&K3A0 45
Hình 3.5.C.#!(S[>%!;@1.-& 45
Hình 3.6. &H.4n>01A&!01!o(&0.M3G6 47
Hình 3.7.aT9$S[>%!;@1.-&A&!8^. 50
Hình 3.8.&C3M3-S[>\1FG]A&!8^. 51
Hình 3.9. &C3M3-S[>\1FG]A&!8^. 52

Hình 3.10. &C3M3-S[>\12./b!>T>[!(1FG]A&!8^. 52
Hình 3.11.&C3M3-S[>\i
R
1FG]A&!8^. 53
Hình 3.12.&C3M3-S[>\1FG]A&!8^. 53

Chương 1: MỞ ĐẦU
1.1. Đặt vấn đề:
][>\!;@1.-&> !31:34N1.&H.E!;@1.G78Il.J &.#!(YK.5&C!
!G6./K!1-!;@1.5:3H.1'1U8G!!(&C"p! I'69d31qC.#!(S[>\!;@1
.-&P]X2!9dI231#.E9g6> 9GA#1'1]1FG1'1! I'6
9d3YB!(S[>\9^.r!(.G"-&!5!!s!J2!9d! 6E!&d3Y%G1^!
2.>;?!(!;@1.-&AG3S[>\YB!(9^.U81F9:3.;1#.5!(g6!K!ttt
&"%S[>\!;@1.-&)I
R
1q(&'. !UG89l!(.V=***9$!(i)W***9$!(p
!H3Il.! I'6>@!!;7UG!pY31B!(!(&C"a8!GU7u&8!( !v.-&/G
Iw&!( 6./K!W***I
R
.51&"%Js! !AxA#.&d!4o/G !(.'!(1-I26.y
9$!('1! I'61q>;3>;?!(!;@1.-&>@!!;7UG!/2.!&d3H3U8G!
!(&C"! 8> Iz!1q>;T!(.gI.5YB!(AG8p!H30J5>?&!3s!pA?.#!Y{IU8
9:3.;]pJs! !C.#!(pI >{!>r.S-./lIs3M3-IB&./;<!(A#!(
1r!(.G>|!9Fps3M3-B!&}IU &>g3YB!(.c4~9b"!•&
;!(1q/2.!&d31F9:3.;> Iz!9 !(8 !(p0YB!(.&H1.&d!9c9:3.;
C.#!(S[>\!;@1.-&4 &4-!p!;!(]1FG0J€!YB!(9^.(36K!
!g!9H!1'16H3.#M3G!./0!(AG3•
iH!.V1'11B!(.6Sg6Uf!(C.#!(•C.#!(S[>\!;@1.-& 9;?1.;J2!p
.&H.YHp>b"9‚.YB!(A'..f1.HpU€!9H!Y&Js! !(‚"JBJ !YqYz!pƒ8
3l.A[G.@&A[G>3&I|&r!(.B&1„9T!1[G&C.#!(S[>\!;@1.-&AG3•B!(

.6UC.!3lI8!(rJ@&]1B!(A32.=j**I
R
+!( 6pSg6Uf!(S8!(
YB!(!(&CI.39;?1U89lI 3YB!(S[>\9;?12.R!zIpq•!((&'I
9#11B!(.6/:!(01(G1~!(!g!J&K!>‚!>l&I;G!b!(!(&K!1N3I@&.^I
Yb1"h19;?1G6!;1B!(.6…8A.G&!(pIl.! 9:3.;.V'"p> 1B!(.6
 !(9:3Jd.3l1UG./K!.H(&@&p9|4o/G/2.!&d3.&d!18Il.1B!(.6IB&

./;<!(!•&.&H!(PE9g61r!(.B&1„S&!9T!1[1NYB!(d1q\9n!./&C.^36
.%!1FGG&p!K!S&!U23.K!1'11B!(.6IB&./;<!(9qXSg6Uf!(C.#!(S[>\I
YB!(9^.pI2..&d!A[G9&pA[G>^&I|&I !;@1.-&J€!YB!(9F.&K313†!S-
.-&p43l11B!(.61FG'""-&Y&C!/G.eG!(‡kmˆa…a.•!(
(&'I9#11B!(.6…8A.G&!(1&GAx•‰.B&43l1"-&A36!(OJd1'1> Iz!1FG
!(;<&&C.GItŠ
iH!.V!(;<&Js! !C.#!(•&C1S7I!‹1B!(.'1Js! !C.#!(
Y&H!1F9:3.;I2.!&d3.&d!4^1J .<&(&G!T!1-Sg6I@&C.#!(g!98
98!(9HIIN1>;T!(Il.>G89l!("•.B!(J@&Il.YŒA;Y&H!1F9:3.;.&C.
^&/2.!&d3B!(.'1Js! !C.#!(S[>\!;@1.-&/2."N1.^"p!K!1:!1q
YŒA;136K!!( !IB&./;<!(9-I./'1(;<&Js! !C.#!(S[>\!;@1
.-&> !(;<&1q.&H!(!q&M36H.9n!12.>;?!(!;@1.-&p(&'1-Js! !AG3
1~!(78U•&4B!(4~!J&A&!"'../&c!.H! 8pI 34B!(4~!!q&>K!J&A&!
Yo7G66H3pqG12."ƒ!Ab.p"ƒ!!BIpG1&UpSr.p"8>&I71gIU;G6.&H3p
YŒ!z!(S[>\Af1#vM36H.9n!.3•&.0C.#!(pM36H.9n!IN1(&'. !Js!
 !C.#!(
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.^&&C.GI
1.2. Mục tiêu của đề tài:
5I&c3JdY'&!&CIp"g!>8^&1Ž!(!;.%!12.1FG1'1>8^&!;@1.-&p.V9q9d
/G1'1!(36K!.b1S[>\!;@1.-&.781'1";T!("'"!;1T01pqG>\J A&!
01•9$!(.<&p.5I9H!1'1!(&K!1N3J 1'1N!(Uh!(.f1.H./8!(>O!Jf1S[>\

!;@1.-&
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1.3. Phương pháp thực hiện:
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Chương 2: TỔNG QUAN TÀI TIỆU
 Giới thiệu về đối tượng nghiên cứu:
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2.1.2.1. Nước thải sinh hoạt
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(2.1)
(2.2)
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
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mg/l
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(2.3)
(2.4)
(2.5)
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1'112.“31T1q.c9;?1.&H! !4•!(Y&cI./G!31:38S6A&!qGPXp
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i Chất rắn có khả năng lắngi1'1Js.>&C3>T>[!(1qY-!z!(>b!(./8!(Il..<&
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 Các nguyên tắc xử lý nước thải theo cơ học, hóa lý, sinh học:
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>8^&12.YB!(.G!p%..G!J 1-!“!(?"12..G!./8!(!;@1!K!J&C1S[>\!;@1
.-&> !•I>8^&4o1'1.^"12.9qp> IA^1!;@19c1q.c9;G!;@1J 8!(3$!
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.;<!(9;?11z!1N./K!9‚19&cI1FG1'1>8^&.^"12.1q./8!(!;@1.-&(36K!
.b1>fG10!1B!(!(CS[>\!;@1.-&"h.3l1J 8•
−  !":!J .%!12.!;@1.-&
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− ;3>;?!(J 1H9lS-.-&
− ‚19&cI!(3$!.&H"!s!
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− &d3Y&C!1TAE^.:!(P12"9&C!p12"!;@1p(&G8.B!(pvX
− &d3Y&C!Js! !J M3-!>\C.B!(S[>\!;@1.-&
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 Nguyên tắc xử lý nước thải theo phương pháp cơ học:
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! 6/GYo&!;@1.-&p.;<!(A[Uh!(1'1";T!("'"1T01!;>01M3GA8!(

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IN19l1:!> IA^1I >fG10!1B!(!(CS[>\.%1?"
2.2.1.1. Thiết bị chắn rác:
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1b!^&9g6!“!(>8^&1qY%1.;@1>@!!;(&¡p/'1p9$l"p4G8!&>8!Ax4n(&“
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!•I9-I4-8G!.8 !J 9&d3Y&C!> IJ&C1.3s!>?&p•!9n!181-C.#!(S[
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 g!>8^&•
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Hình 2.1.a8!(1b!/'1.B Hình 2.2.a8!(1b!/'1.&!
2.2.1.2. Bể điều hòa: U36./5Af•!9n!1FGUe!(.-&
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Hình 2.3. c9&d3eG>;3>;?!(
2.2.1.3. Bể lắng cát: 8^&4o1‚!.Bp!‚!(
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4 8Ie!p./'!.b19;<!(#!(U€!J ./'!-!;E!(9H!1'11B!(./5!A&!01

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− c>b!(1'.!(G!(•qUe!(!;@1136c!9l!(.¢!(U01.781&d3U &1FG4c
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2.2.1.4. Bể lắng:'11'112.4†!YB!(eG.G!
fGJ 81N1!z!(J Jn./%1q.c1&G4c>b!(. !1'1>8^&•
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/b!p12.4†!>T>“!(YB!(eG.G!1qA¤!./8!(!;@1.-&
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2.2.1.5. Lọc:'11'1.^"12."g!.'!1qY%1.;@1!o

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2.2.1.6. Tuyển nổi:
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 Nguyên tắc xử lý nước thải theo phương pháp hóa lý:
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2.2.2.1. Trung hòa
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