báo cáo khoa học Mô hình hóa thời gian sấy riêng trong sấy thóc tĩnh theo lớp dầy

Tạp chí Khoa học và Phát triển 2011: Tập 9, số 5: 814 – 822 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG NGHIỆP HÀ NỘI
814
MÔ HÌNH HÓA THỜI GIAN SẤY RIÊNG TRONG SẤY THÓC TĨNH THEO LỚP DẦY
Modelling of Specific Drying Time
in Stationary Deep-bed Layer Drying of Paddy
Đỗ Thái Sơn
Bộ môn Kỹ thuật Nhiệt, Trường Đại học Giao thông Vận tải
Địa chỉ email tác giả liên lạc:
Ngày gửi bài: 06.08.2011; Ngày chấp nhận: 13.10.2011
TÓM TẮT
Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các điều kiện sấy đối lưu như nhiệt độ và tốc độ
khí sấy, chiều dầy lớp hạt và khoảng thời gian đảo gió đến thời gian sấy riêng trong sấy thóc tĩnh
theo lớp dầy. Sử dụng phương pháp đáp ứng bề mặt đã xây dựng được mô hình thực nghiệm xác
định thời gian sấy riêng có dạng sau: Dt(ph/kga/m
2
) = 43,424 - 1,905.T - 3,704.V - 0,043.D + 2,44.tĐ +
0,19.TV - 0,027.T.tĐ + 9,27
-03
.D.tĐ + 0,018.T
2
- 27,20.V
2
- 0,067.tĐ
2
. Mô hình này được sử dụng để dự
đoán thời gian sấy thóc trong thiết bị sấy vỉ ngang.
Từ khóa: mô hình, thóc, thời gian sấy, lớp dầy.
SUMMARY
This study was conducted to examine the effect of convective drying conditions such as
temperature and velocity of drying air, grain bed depth and time reversing drying air to specific drying
time in stationary deep-bed layer drying of paddy. Using the Response Surface Methodology to

construct a experimental model to determine specific drying time: Dt(ph/kga/m
2
) = 43,424 - 1,905.T -
3,704.V - 0,043.D + 2,44.tĐ + 0,19.TV - 0,027.T.tĐ + 9,27
-03
.D.tĐ + 0,018.T
2
- 27,20.V
2
- 0,067.tĐ
2
. The use
of this formula can predict drying time of paddy in Fixed Flat Batch Dryer.
Key words: Deep-bed layer, drying time, model, paddy.
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* ' ' + r \ B ./
,0,&J?!)AK)LF$

0&#+B/E/'+#2
B/?!)=<=#?!)_V#
LF K) ]' & /\
./$A&#$0$
=L:'=>?!)&I,F$*0./
<")sr./,-*
./&J?!)0/=b:/=U0L
:'=>?!)tI=>
<"=L@)&+#?'&u3v=/w/
0(AYxxyz/0(AYx{yX/)/?
0?AYYyX/)/?0?AYY4y]V0zA
e||y }/?/ 0 v VA YY{y }/?/ 0
v VAe||~yz#w?V?0#F=/?V=Ae|||8
0I?=#S20N2
M ?!) I K@ &I 9  [ <
&I / 0# 9@) KS *I >
sr)?a'' R*,
?I=#<"?/)
2.1. Chuẩn bị mẫu thí nghiệm
^#$KT=#<")
h•€6A•$= >A#$
0# ' |de|| # , *D  
*?$0 +#:+r~
#
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+* +#,-*./*D\!‚D
#0#'OF/?&J0
/ <  , Fb e6 =L *ƒ J
* , -* /  ./  01/ 
#$t? ,3?!F[4|7K 80

,-*./367K 8'M
I:/&&I0-*
=#„  &I ./3
&
8
'M RFF'F<&2
&*DJ*r|~
#
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2.2. Thiết bị sấy thí nghiệm
(\)<02 M?!)J*
 => ) =< ' > Ae }, FN
J./2 M\*H:$ )@*A&#/
/  0 W M I ? ./ &J ?!)
3 R *&2F0L/=r
e|||z80&#/?!)*D9K)=>?SW
M./'I?2,?!)A2 M?!)
2&2990NV#&9W
…A\*,F#Z# ,&J?!)
]'&/)"/*D?!)* R†F'
&JLeA~*eA~*~~*0
Lr')]K)./LF$=#&/)
?!)14~5~~*T)J*
Đõ Thái Sơn
816
Van đc gió
Quạt
Bộ gia nhiệt
Khoang sấy
T

Đo,đctđ T
Đo,đctđ V
Khoang tạo khí sấy
Thóc sấy

Hình 1. Sơ đồ thiết bị thí nghiệm Hình 2. Thiết bị sấy thí nghiệm

,&J?!)[#5#‡‡
S , B  &2   cV 3./
h//8 # /  =#*V e|||z (/
?./2 M#,|A~
#
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./&J?!)# R-*&2S
, ˆ# 3./ m :8 ?/ ?  7 0
[WMB*')O-*0
/ -* W ? Z < # 2 M J
*9K)=>,"/-*= >K‰
e|d&&&,&J?!)'MB
&2V?#3./]m^}"8?/
?|A|*d?0&9*?#' R'
/)W,:/)./:$B2'F

„J./*D'MB
@(*/KŠ3‚#KV
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v8?/?|A=Œ'=>#&*D
**$#2&,-*./
*D$673K 8=$'WM./

2,?!)'NF R'$)*D
?!)=LJ!B=#FbJ
*b/,0,-*A?/
 /  /) ' *D J *
0#&#/?!)
B / ?!)=<3cAFd&-*d*
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8
B/= >29'
&-*1*D?!)1,-* /34|78
2,-*T3678./"0L
*,  0M K J*Z? ./ 2 M
?!) _ I ? )  ' M B
\\#B/0@*D?!)1&
QJ*#2&*$
,-*T>&&I./
3p
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‰
&
p
4|7
8t'M"0L
&  /  ./*, &/) *DJ
* 3p
4|7
8 < K• K ' M 
&  ./ *D &$, -* 67
3K 8 3p
67

 ‰ A6p
&
8* &I F+ <
&2#1*DJ*
2.3. Các thí nghiệm khảo sát
9 ' ' *" , 0  L +
r./'I?2,?!)2B
/ ?!) =<  S  *, ? J
*=#&#+'=M'I?2
,?!)]'J*S=#
FbJ*tb/,
0,-*3B*')O-*0/-*89'
I?2,?!)WM=#:'
=>J*
Thí nghiệm khảo sát 1H s r ./
,&J?!)3A
#
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e
8
p\* +)J*ZF$S
0L‰4|Ž€|
#
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‰€A~
Mô hình hóa thời gian sấy riêng trong sấy thóc tĩnh theo lớp dầy
817
Thí nghiệm khảo sát 2Hsr ./ 
,&J?!)3A*d?82c3Fd&@d*
e

8p\*
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K)LF$3cA*82c3Fd&@d*
e
8p\*
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4~Ž~|*A‰64
#
]A‰|Ae~*d?A‰€A~
Thí nghiệm khảo sát 4H s r ./
&•/B/+#3A82cp\*
+)J*ZF$S0L
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2.4. Phương pháp xây dựng mô hình
đánh giá đồng ảnh hưởng của T, V, D và
tĐ đến Dt
l F'F 'F "  *Z 3V
•V?F#?V (=‡/V ‚V#K##)A •(‚8 
F F'F  ? KG =, =t 0
 :+=# =! <" S
*9@)KS'*I>*IF•
 2 ?  9 ' '  +
r ./ 1 /* ? %  +
rD/E/'/*?21

'F"<"./‚/K/* /0
? 3e||~8A ./ •/# 0 ? 3e||x8A ƒ '
( 0 = p/ ‚u 3e||~8A =#
<")I"\:)#'F
" *Z;
&
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Fd&-d*
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3,8A•
e
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, &J ?!)8A •
4
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6
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+r†#E/'I?=#
:'=> ?!) _ V# LF K)'F
"  =/ ;
&
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>./ /J*ZFm*;
&
9
!F[V#/" N/H

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(KV0ˆ?./)2&<3}T‚=JAe||48
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3.1. Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ khí sấy đến
thời gian sấy riêng

Hình 3. Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ khí sấy
„2:+'J*&+#?'  
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&J ?!) C 30L , "/ -* ./ &J ?!)
&IW8*2?!)CA*C&+
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*#B/?!)=<+**$V#
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Fd&/d*
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0 ? 3e||x8 =R  , 0 B / ?!)
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&2'-*=#$3?}#=)
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”||8„C,&J?!)L
,)9'b5K`#./
>:'=>?!))9?/0TK`#
?a $ 2 :' => &2 ' -* =#
Đõ Thái Sơn
818
$ *  , ?!) C N*0B /
?!)+*N*$mE/AC,

&J ?!) \ _/ 0L C  FJ C
 0 * , &I \   ?!)
./'LF$=#?!)_V#LF
K)?aC<ALF$2FO<0L
&J?!),/#?a M•:'?!)–*
#f$D)C<V#<"
./v K5v=/0?3e|||8A]#??V0
?3e||8>,&J?!)+r
*$ 2 ' J! 5 ./ $
=#?!) R&JA0
+E,./&J?!)•
,)9'b5K`#3

8./
3

‰64Ž~4
#
]"0L,-*./+*
14|Ž478>?a+*9"!
=#$&?!)_
* $A F F'F * +* B
/ ?!)  R ' C  , &J
?!) M&2 r0+* +#!
?+F-*?!)AFJC00>2
F++ #'//*G<
'M2,?!)A
,&J?!)=<
3.2. Ảnh hưởng của tốc độ khí sấy đến
thời gian sấy riêng

Hình 4. Ảnh hưởng của tốc độ khí sấy
„2:+'J* &+#?' e 
9=<hình 4#!),&J?!)
38+r2B/?!)=<3c8
V# BF )20L  , 2 <
• 0 9* S $ ./ c " 0L ‰
|A|~*d?, &J ?!) C * B /
?!)+*K#$2FO\
0L&J?!)*:'=> /)-*1 
*Z ./ $ C < „  C =#
&#+ |A|~Ž|A~*d? > c [ +*|AY7
31 A|4  |AY4Fd&/d*
e
8 0 +
r./2c=r<=—=&
”|Ae*d? ]G 9 & C 1|Ae 2
|A4~*d?>c+* 6Ax7 31 |A€{ 
YAFd&/d*
e
8 „2 :+ ./ J *
&+#?')#!)H&?!)_V#
LFK)r,•,)9
'b5K`#./3˜

8>0C
 , &J ?!) ?a * !   ?!)
 @ < 0 B / ?!) +* 
C,&J?!)%*</#
CC<0>F+CI?!

,0,'F./:$ >2@)%
*,I?S/U
3.3. Ảnh hưởng của chiều dầy lớp hạt
đến thời gian sấy riêng
„2:+J*&+#?' 4 9
=<>~#!)B/?!)=<
3c8M+r./K)LF$3c8
V#:)N)2J„cC
>c%C&I]G9
 & c C 1 4~* < ~~* > c [
C eA€7 31 |Ae6 < |A~ Fd&/d*
e
8
  K) LF $ =# 2 M ?!)
_ % J  I ? 9 M C
?!./2 M<B/?!)S#
*,*`?aC"0L-*
'1=#*`?!)0-*
$fN0LK)LF$
_/B/?!)S?afN
/ 0LK) LF$ 0  ?aC
&'*$&K)LF$C

Hình 5. Ảnh hưởng của chiều dầy lớp hạt
Mô hình hóa thời gian sấy riêng trong sấy thóc tĩnh theo lớp dầy
819
] K)LF $C * C C
?!?!)A*B/?!)=<C™A
B / ?!) S C 0  FJ C
C]K)LF$Cb*

#'<J0!?!)
L+*3f)<$./$#+*A
f$ D) C8K#&I?!)
\•—=R@)%*,I?
F+=#2&200N
2 M?!)_V#LFK)
3.4. Ảnh hưởng của khoảng thời gian
đảo gió đến thời gian sấy riêng
„2:+J*&+#?'6 9
=<>€

Hình 6. Ảnh hưởng của thời gian đảo gió
9@/#!?!)0+*
B/?!)=#:'=>?!)_
V#LFK)>&I9 •:/0/=b./
+#$)<=#S20N
2 M ?!) 0[ / 0L C ?! ?!) 1
eŽ{@d*`>0+#$?a<=!
I/#,>0N)'2 M?!)
0[/2&299+#/)
0>+#$+#0/=bS
+#$2&*=!I
/#,+#OF#,-*E/'LF
=#?!)_V#LFK)+* L?S
&'  3[ b !F [ e7A V# &2 :+
&+#?'./l/m2m0?Ae||x8
V#&2:+J*&+#?'6>&
+*B/+#38?a*B/
?!) =< 3c8 +* V# K$ * F
)2]G9c+*&#+~AY~731

Ax{  YAY Fd&/d*
e
8 & +* 1
Y  € 3& ?!)  r  ,  ‰
64
#
]A  ,&J ?!) ‰ |Ae~*d?A  K)
LF$c‰4{*8„+*1xŽ€>
 , +* ./ c  xA7 L   ,
+*~A~7./c3&+*1{Žx80
6Ae73&+*1YŽ{8]F+?)
† S/ U B / +#  J F
=#?!)_V#LFK)A0>
•>c+*0?!)\
!?!)
0N2 M0!0+F"$F0
9*</#CC<>2
I?)%*,
&0N2 M?!)0[/
„2 :+ ./ ' J * &+# ?'
AeA4A6 # F†F ' '  L +
r./1I?2,?!)0L
B / ?!) =< ./ :' => ?!) 
_V#LFK)9''#K
+r\B0*",+r
./+  I ? 2,?!):/ =U
)  2  ' J * V#
F F'F •(‚ 9 @) KS F
=>\:S*'MB/
?!) =< c * ./ I ?

2,?!)AAc0
3.5. Phương trình hồi qui xác định thời
gian sấy riêng ỹ(Dt) = f(X
1,
X
2
,X
3,
X
4
)
2e~J*V#?\=S
/# ./ F F'F •(‚ 0L ' ' =M
./,&J?!)4~
#
]A6xA~
#
]0€|
#
]y
,&J?!)|A*d?A|Ae*d?0|A4*d?y
K)LF$4~*A6~*0~~*y0
&#+B/+#€BAxA~B0Y
By*t/"•
A
•
e
A•
4


0•
6
0L''=M"5A|0
'F"  =/  B /?!)=< 3cA
Fd&-*d*
e
8!)V#'=M= >
./ / J * ZF &< =#
+
Đõ Thái Sơn
820
Bảng 1. Ma trận thí nghiệm và kết quả
Số Biến thực Biến đã mã hóa Kết quả
TN T,độC V,m/s D,cm tĐ,h x1 x2 x3 x4 Dt(ph/kgâ/m^2)
1 60 0,3 35 6 1 1 -1 -1 5,08
2 35 0,3 35 6 -1 1 -1 -1 12,36
3 60 0,1 35 6 1 -1 -1 -1 5,75
4 35 0,1 35 6 -1 -1 -1 -1 13,95
5 60 0,3 55 6 1 1 1 -1 5,29
6 35 0,3 55 6 -1 1 1 -1 12,42
7 60 0,1 55 6 1 -1 1 -1 5,94
8 35 0,1 55 6 -1 -1 1 -1 13,98
9 60 0,3 35 9 1 1 -1 1 5,64
10 35 0,3 35 9 -1 1 -1 1 14,72
11 60 0,1 35 9 1 -1 -1 1 6,33
12 35 0,1 35 9 -1 -1 -1 1 16,38
13 60 0,3 55 9 1 1 1 1 6,27
14 35 0,3 55 9 -1 1 1 1 15,40
15 60 0,1 55 9 1 -1 1 1 6,99
16 35 0,1 55 9 -1 -1 1 1 17,13

17 47.5 0,2 45 7,5 0 0 0 0 7,23
18 66.3 0,2 45 7,5 1,5 0 0 0 7,00
19 28,8 0,2 45 7,5 -1,5 0 0 0 19,88
20 47,5 0,35 45 7,5 0 1,5 0 0 6,30
21 47,5 0,05 45 7,5 0 -1,5 0 0 7,70
22 47,5 0,2 60 7,5 0 0 1,5 0 8,17
23 47,5 0,2 30 7,5 0 0 -1,5 0 6,65
24 47,5 0,2 45 9,75 0 0 0 1,5 8,45
25 47,5 0,2 45 5,25 0 0 0 -1,5 6,06

cS/ 0# + &2 :+ J *A *I
>u3c8K$I"38t@)
KS0&9*M?SFTF0L&2:+
J * (/ ? ./ *I >  K# /
@ H ?/ ? J *  0 2
FTF./*I>0L?J*
(/ ? J *   J r ?S
&' '&9E/':/=QrT
*,&J*=#*,=>S
D < (S 2 FT F  ? # ?S
! $ ./ *I > *I F•'?
S*$E9*&I=#
:'=>\:#Z r?/?D<
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+*!?+F-*8
●(KG*I>34803689KS
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/
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 =< 0 ' M =M ?   ./
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  / / *G <=#?!) _
V# LF K) „2 :+ ?a ?r
&#/U#2&200N:+
2 M?!)0[/
kh^hijmv‚„ms“
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