Đề tài Hiệu quả xử lý nền bằng phương pháp hút chân không

Hiê











1
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
B O
TRI HNG




HIU QU X L NN BNG PHNG
PH H CHN KHNG

 T NGHIN CU KHOA HC SINH VIN
GI VIN HNG DN: THS. PHAN HNG QUN

TS. TRN TRUNG HIU
NGUYN NG
SINH VIN THC HIN: TRN QUC ANH







H NI 2/2012
Hiê











2
Trâ
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n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀

ng Quân
LI CM N
Vi  t nghin cu khoa hc sinh viHiu qu x n
bng phng ph h chn kh u ca  
c hin vi kin thn 
nhn thy v u b 
ch n nhiu kin tht  N cu
 n nhi     u ht bng ting Anh.
 ng c.
c hi u thm th
 bi nhiu kin thc i phc ti vi mt qu
c c g
bit mt mi ca  trong sut thi gian qua.
  i
h vng nit huy
ng truyt kin thc 
c mnh cho th h tr  nghi

Cu c gi li cc ci
 bng dy Giang, anh
Hi  u, kin th
u khoa h


i, 2/2012
Trn Quc Anh

Hiê











3
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n Quô
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c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
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ng Quân
Mc lc

i thiu chung 6
1.1. 
















 6
1.1.1.  6
1.1.2.  t yu 7
1.1.2.1. M t yu 7
 t yu 7
1.2.  8
1.2.1. 





 8
1.2.2. 



 9
2. 










10




 10
 10
 h th 11
 h th 12
2.1.3. Lt thit b quan trc 13
 khoa hc c 14
2.2.1. M 14
2.2.2. ng ca ng sun 14
2.2.3. 

c 16
ng ng sut 18
2.2.5. Chuyn v ngang 20
3. 

























 22
1. 


















 22
2.  22
3. 











 23
Hiê












4
Trâ
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n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
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ng Quân
3.1.  23
 p 24
 

p 24
4. 









 25

 26
1. T 26
1.1. 



 26
1.2. 



 27
1.3.  28
2. 









 30
2.1. 








 30
2.2. 







 33
2.3. 









 34
2.3.1.  34
2.3.2. H s  35
B. 






 36
1. T 36
1.1. 



 36
1.2. 



 37
1.3.  39
2. 









 41
2.1. 








 41
4. 

 44




 45
 46
 46
A. 



 46
1. 1 46
2. 2a 49
3. 2b 51
Hiê












5
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
B. 





 54
1.  54
2.  58
3.  61
 64
 s rng cho lt 64
A. 



 64

Hiê











6
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
 Gii thiu chung
1.1. 





























1.1.1. 
Km t yu i, ph thuc trt
 u lc ct vi ti tr
uy ng bt l
 dnng bt li bo g
mt i h

Trong mt s n Vit Nam TCVN 262-
t yn
+ D 
- Dung trng : 
W
 1,7 T/m
3
;
- H s rng : e  1;
-  m : W  40%;
- M : G  0,8;
-  st: I
L
> 1.
+ D c

- Modun bin dng : E
0
 50 kG/cm
2
;
- H s  : a  0,01 cm
2
/kG;
-  :   10
0
;
- Li v): c  0,1 kG/cm
2
;
- Sc ch q
c
<0,1 Mpa;
- Ch s n: N < 5.
Hiê











7
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
1.1.2. u
1.1.2.1. 
T mgia kh u lc ci tr
 n vic cn thit x t yu hay
 t y c la ch
yu nhc :
- X ng  ct;
- X  t;
- X  
ng ma gi t yu nhm tp
trt yu t c th c ci thing
thi.
Vic la chp x n ph thuu t:
- u kia ch v ng;
- g n.
1.1.2.2. 
 t yu:
a. X t yu bt cu
- Ch , cu to kt c.
- B .
- Thit k ging gi
- .

b. Gia c o nt yu
n php x  ca nn:
- Thay th  nt y mt bng lt m
n, trn, h s rng thp.
- Thay th mt phn nt y mt, gi
-  s ti, gi ph
- t vt liu n, gii p
m c.
Hiê











8
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
  :

-  mm rung;
- t ng ct, cc
c.
-  git tc trong
khoang th 
n   
- n chi   ng, to b mt
mt lc tt, gio theo

- S dng bic thng, gi n
o th

.
- S dng kt hp gia tc kt hp v
to.
1.2. 
1.2.1. 

















 




   . 




 

Kjellman (1952, ) .




 , 

















c nhau, 




. 















 .M. Cognon,







(1998), Indraratna (2005) 












 








 .



, 



 



 





 












 Shanghai Hanbor () 
MERNAD ()  , kho
 , 






ester Plant  
, 





























.
Hiê











9
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân













, ,


























. , : 









 
.
1.2.2. 





















:
- , ;
-  



;
- 
















;
- 





























.




hi2 

:
1. 

- - .
2. 





 .




















. 

:
1. .
2. 



.
3. .








Hiê












10
Trâ
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n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
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ng Quân

















 























 s











.


-  trong


;
- ;
- c 


-  
.
Hiê











11
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n Quô
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c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
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ng Quân
2.1.1. 








Hình 1.2:  h thng 
Trch II - ng Nai.

ng bc th  
c l rng. ng a ng bc thm  lp
i. ng ngang ni vi ng ch   l p nylon
mng ni lph t khu v p
         bao quanh khu vc  
t cc . 
c x 
Nhng ng cha bc th  
ng ngang. Nhng c l  c qun quanh bng vi

thp l

a.  mm 
Hình 1.3: ng ngang

Hiê











12
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̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân


Hình 1.4: Thit b m bc thm
Thit b m bc th
60 t.

2.1.2. 








Hình 1.5:  h thng ti cng
Posco, tt c c thc ni vi h th
Hiê











13
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀

ng Quân
c thc ni trc ting d
coi mi bc thgic cm xung mt.

Hình 1.6: Cu to bc thm cho h th
2.1.3. L
Hình 1.7:  lt b quan trc

Hiê











14
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
 t ya theo kt qu t, mang
d i gi thing nhng. Trong thc t t

nn vy d  gia thc t vt
 u cn thii quan trc kim tra gn lin vi hot
ng x t yu.
 c bao gm:
- H th;
- H thc l rng pressure piesometer;
- H thn v t inclinometer;
- H th
- H tht.
2.2. 
2.2.1. 
- Gia tu kit yu d b mt nh
khi chu tp).
-  n thi th  cp
gii ht tn.
2.2.2. 
c khi ging m u cn thi
nh
 sut n p
a
c b qua trong ving sut
n kt qu ng
sut hu hi gia tt n
c k n do ti trng gia tc thay th b




Hiê












15
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
Vn p
a
, ng sut  trc biu din


T
= z + h
1
+ p
a

u

T
=

z
w
+ p
a



bd
= 
T
- u
T
= z

+ h
1



T
: ng sut tng.
u
T
c l rng.


bd

: ng sut hu hiu u.
 c ngm.
 

1
: trng lng ring ca lp t trn mc nc ngm.
 : trng lng ring ca lp t i mc nc ngm.

w
: trng lng ring ca nc.
Khi ting sut tng 
T
i, trong khi c
c l rng u
T
=

z
w
y ng sut hu hiu s 


sau
= 
T
- u
T
= 

i

+ p
a

Nn hiu sut cta s 
u
T
=

z
w
+ (1  n)p
a


= n.p
a
ng sut hu hit s
 kt a khng su
ng.


Hiê












16
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
ng sut hu hiu u s  kt th 
nhanh kh  kng
- t h tht lic thng;
- mc ngm  khu vn gi 
m  c s theo vt
c thy cn lng dn
c ngang hoc lc ngang  
- hiu sung hiu suc
lt k  80 kPa.
2.2.3. 

c


































 .  t
 








  sau khi x n, vic gia
tn ph n thi 


Hình 2.2: Bi S-c
Hiê











17
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ng Quân




e = 100%  . 
  
:
S = S
i
+ S
c
+ S
s

S
i
: 



















S
c
: 











.
S
s
: 
















.

Hình 2.3:  logp 
 , m 

L
 
.  
 .
Hiê











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2.2.4. t








 , 













.











 (,)   . Trong


:
q' =
1
2
(
1
- 
3
)
p' =
1
2
(
1
+ 
3
)

Hình 2.4: Biu  ng su 

h
- bin dng ngang;


- u hiu;
1 -  q

= p

.sin

;
2 - ng K
0
: q

= p

;

Hiê












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AE - ng biu din ng sut ct khi gia ti b;
AB - ng biu din ng sut c t khi cht ti 






;
BC - ng biu din ng sut ct khi c kt do cht ti.
ng hp cht ti ng ng sut hu hiu trong bi
(q

,p

) bao gng cong 
y. 








. T m B,
c kc s ng BC.
ng hp gia ti bng ng sut hu hiu
trong bi (q

,p

ng thng AE. ng AE n
ng sut hu hing.
-  m c         gia ti
  u ki        ng
t t t nh.
- Chuyn v ngang ca kh t 
h
>   y kh   
ng co li.
- ng sut hu hiu theo m
hay ng sut hu hing  
2.5.

Hình 2.5: ng sut cho 2 ng h
cht ti
Hiê












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̀
ng Quân
2.2.5. 

Hình 2.6: Chuyn vi ngang cng hp t ti

Khu vp
Mi bc thng hom c n khi
t trong phm vi mt na khoa 2 ng lin ky s
t hin dch chuy ch chuyng.
Khu vc ngo
D ng sut, khng gim th i theo mi
 ngoc x  xut hin chuyn v ng

 mt c xut hit
nt s n vin hiu sut
c





Hiê











21
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
ng ca chuyn v n  ng
S lic  mt s y chuyn v ca khng

dch chuy ng S
T
ca khi
n JGJ 79-2002 ca Trung Qu s i vi
ng hp  >1 (1.1-ng h
<1 (0.8-0.9).  ph thun v ngang ca khp

Hình 2.7: Chuyn vi ngang quan trc ng hp 

Hiê











22
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
3. 











 p 








 
1. 

  











-
r
, C
c

  
.
-  














.
- 


















.
- .
2. 
- N.
- .
-  = S
i
+ S
c
+ S
s



:
S

i
: 









  








. 



.
S
c
: 














 . 


.
S
s
: 
















.


Hiê











23
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân
3. 






 








3.1. 












u
.
S
i
= 
σ.H

E
u



:  = 0.8
:  ()
H: 


















E
u
: 













:
a. S.
b. S 3 
.
c. S
u

u
, 

( 

,
1976)

Hình 3.1: 


u

/C
u






Hiê











24
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́
c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân

u

/C
u
 E
u
=1000C
u

C
u

.
3.2. 
S
c
=

h
i
1+e
o
i
(C
c
i
. log
σ
vz
i
+σ
z

i
σ
pz
i
+ C
r
i
. log
σ
pz
i
σ
vz
i
)
h
i
: 









.
e
o

i
: 

















.
C
c
i
:  σ
i
>
σ
pz
i
.

C
r
i
: 


σ
i
< σ
pz
i
.
σ
pz
i
:  





.
σ
vz
i
: .
σ
z
i
:  .( 

.
3.3. 




 






Hiê











25
Trâ
̀
n Quô
́

c Anh GVHD: Ths.Phan Hô
̀
ng Quân















































 . 












































.












:
e
i
=

(C
c
i
. log
σ
vz
i
+σ
z
i

σ
pz
i
+ C
r
i
. log
σ
pz
i
σ
vz
i
)
e
1
= e
o
i
- e
i

e
1
: 
















.
e
i
: 


























.
e
o
i
: 











.
C
c
i
:  σ

i
>
σ
pz
i
.
C
r
i
: 


σ
i
< σ
pz
i
.
σ
pz
i
: .
σ
vz
i
: .
σ
z
i
:  .( 

kh