Các kĩ thuật biên soạn đề kiểm tra

Daklak, 18 – 19.02.2011
KĨ THUẬT BIÊN SOẠN ĐỀ
KIỂM TRA
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng/Vocabulary questions
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/Grammar questions
3. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Đọc hiểu/Reading questions
4. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Viết/Writing questions
5. Đánh giá đề kiểm tra / Evaluating the tests
6. Kiểm tra đánh giá theo chuẩn Kiến thức Kỹ năng
7. Các kĩ năng đặt câu hỏi
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
1.1. Hoàn thành câu nhiều lựa chọn (Multiple-choice completion)
(1) Select the words to be tested.
(2) Get the right kind of sentence to put each word in (this
sentence creating the context is called the stem).
(3) Choose several wrong words to put the right word with
(these wrong words are called distractors). Three distractors
plus the right word are enough for a written item.
(4) Finally, prepare clear and simple instructions. And if this
kind of test question is new to your students, it would be
recommendable to prepare one or two examples.
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
* Vocabulary Choice
* Context Preparation
E.g.: "I want to paint, too!”
"All right. Use that _________ over there!'
*A. brush B. pencil C. broom D. spoon
E.g.: Some people __________ disapproval by holding
their nose between their thumb and forefinger.

A. interrogate B. philosophize *C. communicate
D. investigate
Frank is very ________; he says, "Break a mirror, and
you'll have bad luck."
A. ambitious B. optimistic C. courteous D. superstitious*
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
* Distractor Preparation
E.g.: (A poor example)
She had to help the _________ old man up the stairs.
*A. weak B. slowly C. try D. wisdom
She needs to get up earlier so she's buying an ________clock.
A. time *B. alarm C. watch D. bell
E.g.: She sent the _______ yesterday.
A. letter B. gift C. food D. books
She wrote a ________ yesterday.
A. letter B. gift C. friend D. book
A. a time *B. an alarm C. a watch D. a bell.
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
* Instruction Preparation
E.g.: They drove to work in their new __________.
A. house *B. car C. office D. street
E.g.: After the capture of Troy, Ulysses set out for his (A.
neighborhood B. continent *C. homeland D. street)
many miles away.
But so many strange (A. sights *B. things C. places D.
people) happened to him on his journey that ten (*A.
years B. timer C. roads D. cities) passed before he
reached Ithaca''

1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
Advantages of Multiple-Choice Completion
It helps students see the full meaning of words by
providing natural contexts. Also, it is a good influence on
instruction: It discourages word-list memorization.
Scoring is easy and consistent.
It is a sensitive measure of achievement.
Limitations of Multiple-Choice Completion
1. It is rather difficult to prepare good sentence contexts
that clearly show the meaning of the word being tested.
2. It is easy for students to cheat by copying what others
have circled.
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
1.2. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của từ cho trước/ Word formation
(1) List the prefixes and suffixes that you have taught to
your students. Then match these with content words
that they have studied (including even their passive
vocabulary).
(2) Prepare sentences that clarify the meaning of these
words.
(3) Then write your instructions and examples. If the test
is quite important, try it out ahead of time. You can
have other teachers take it, or possibly native English
speakers. Then revise it and use it in your class.
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
* Context Preparation
* Vocabulary Choice

My teach_____ is very helpful.
Did she teach______ you anything?
E.g.: That was a care ________ answer.
E.g.: Yesterday he got on the wrong bus. So today he
was care ________ to find the right one.
She has a beautiful new dress. (BEAUTY)
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
Advantages
It reflects teaching approaches.
It is generally faster and easier to construct than are
items with distractors.
Limitations
Fewer words can be tested this way than with multiple
choice.
There is some difficulty in avoiding ambiguous contexts.
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
1. The following sentences contain examples of distractor
difficulties. Identify the weakness in each item. Then correct it.

Bài tập/Tasks
a. Do you need some ______ to write on?
A. paper B. pen C. table D. material
A. very B. little C. baby D. ran
c. I think he'll be here in an
d. They _______ me to get up right away.
A. asked B. needed C. told D. wanted
e. Choose the odd one out.
A. pleased B. nervous C. study D. interesting

A. hour B. day after tomorrow C. weekend D. soon
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
2. Prepare five test items from words in your students' text,
or use the following vocabulary words:
truth/weekend/secret/ridiculous/perfume.
a. For each word write a sentence context that reflects the
meaning of the word as clearly as possible.
b. Prepare three good distractors for each test item.
c. Write simple, clear instructions, and include an example.
1. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Từ vựng /
Vocabulary questions
3. First, supply a word with a prefix or suffix for each blank in
the following sentences. Then prepare word completion items.
Example: It was a most ________ mistake.
(Answer: deplorable/regrettable/ inexcusable, etc.)
(It was a most deplore ________ mistake)
When you write your check, make it __________ to my
sister.
Please wipe your __________ hands on that cloth.
The police arrested him for __________ the riot.
The __________ of the volcano destroyed several villages.
The boy didn't __________ his shoelaces before taking off
his shoes.
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
2.1. Hoàn thành câu nhiều lựa chọn (Multiple-choice completion)
E.g.: She is _________ her breakfast.
A. eating B. ate C. eats D. eaten
Writing multiple-choice completion vocabulary items:

(1) Choose the grammar points that you need to test; (2)
prepare the right kind of sentence context (or stem) for the
grammar structure; (3) select three logical distractors; and
(4) prepare clear, simple instruction.
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
* Grammar Choice
* Context Preparation : a good context is very important!
* Distractor Preparation
"Jimmy hasn't eaten anything, and he won't talk or play.
He must be ill."
- must is used to express a conclusion or deduction.
E.g.: _______ the ones who know the answers.
A. They are B. There C. They're D. Their
E.g.: You can get it from the lady _______ he sold it to.
A. which B. who C. whom D. why
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
E.g.: You can get it from the lady _______ he sold it to.
A. which B. who C. whom D. why
E.g.: If I had a new fur coat, __________.
A. I showed it to everyone. B. I'd show it to everyone.
C. I've shown it to everyone. D. I'll show it to everyone.
(revised) If I had a new fur coat, _______ to everyone.
A. I showed B. I'd show C. I've shown D. I'll show
E.g.: They just bought __________ furniture.
A. a few B. several C. some D. with (revised)
They just bought ___________.
A. a few furnitures. B. several furnitures.
C. some furniture. D. a furniture.

2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
* Alternate Form of Multiple-Choice Completion
E.g.: Rain is slight acidic even in unpolluted air, because
A* B
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and other natural acid-
forming gases dissolve in the water. C
D
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
Advantages of Multiple-Choice Completion
1. It is impossible for students to avoid the grammar point being evaluated.
2 Scoring is easy and reliable.
3. This is a sensitive measure of achievement (and like other multiple-
choice language tests, it allows teachers to diagnose specific problems of
students).
Limitations of Multiple-Choice Completion
1. Preparing good items is not easy.
2 It is easy for students to cheat. (It is possible to create a second form of
the test by rearranging the items, but this is time consuming for the
teacher.)
3. It doesn't appear to measure students' ability to reproduce language
structures (although in actual fact this kind of test is a good measure of the
grammar subskill).
I This can have a negative influence on class work if used exclusively.
(Students may see no need to practice writing if tests are objective.)
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
2.2. Sentence Completion
There are three steps to follow in preparing sentence

completion grammar tests:
(1) Select the grammar points that need to be tested; (2)
provide an appropriate context; and (3) write good
instructions.
•
Three basic kinds of sentence-completion grammar tests:
(1) the option form, (2) the inflection form, and (3) the free-
response form.
E.g.: Combine these two sentences: She knew something. He
loved her. (Answer) She knew that he loved her.
E.g.: He ________ (sing) very well when he was a child.
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
* The Option Form
E.g.: Direction: Complete the following sentences with "do"
or "make."
He ___________ a lot of money last year.
I always _________ my best.
E.g.: The women ___________ for the tragedy. (was
crying, cry)
The magician performed some _______ tricks.
(astonishing, astonished)
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
* The Inflection Form
E.g.:
1) He's the __________ (tall) person in the class.
2) They ___________ (be) in Colorado last week.
E.g.: He is ______ing (sing). (or) He ______ singing
now. (Add one word.)

or "What's Tom doing now?" "Oh, he _______ (sing)."
Another technique is to use a separate blank for each word
in the verb phrase.
E.g.: He _____ _____ (sing) now.
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
* The Free-Response Form
Example: Add a question tag to these sentences:
1) Hamlet was indecisive, __________?
2) Polonius knew a lot of aphorisms, _________?
Example: Directions: Write in the missing part of the two-
word verb. "What time did he get __________ this
morning?"
Directions: Write in a two-word verb that has the same
meaning as the word provided in the brackets. "Jack
__________ (arose) later than usual.'"
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
Advantages of Sentence Completion
1. These are generally easier to prepare than are multiple-
choice items.
2. These give the appearance of measuring productive skills
because some items permit flexibility and original expression.
There is no exposure to incorrect grammatical forms.
These provide a sensitive measure of achievement.
Limitations of Sentence Completion
These are usually more time consuming to correct than are
multiple-choice questions. Not only can poor penmanship be a
problem but also "irrelevant" errors beyond those being tested.
Occasionally students can unexpectedly avoid the structure

being tested.
* Have a short break
2. Kĩ thuật biên soạn câu hỏi Ngữ pháp/
Grammar questions
2.3 Cloze
Cloze tests are prose passages, usually a paragraph or more
in length, from which words have been deleted. The student
relies on the context in order to supply the missing words.
Preparing a Cloze Test
The steps in preparing a cloze test are simple:
(1) Select an appropriate passage (e.g., from the reading
material in your English class); (2) decide on the words and
number of words to take out; (3) write the instructions and
prepare an example.