THE ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

THE ACTIVE & PASSIVE VO ICE
A. Form:
S + be + V
3, ed
(place + by O + time)
Ex: The book was written by Mark Twain
B. How to change into the passive voice:
Active: S V O
Passive: S BE + V
3, ed
by + O
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. Simple present S + V
o/ s/ es
S + am/ is/ are + V
3/ ed
2. Simple past S + V
2/ ed
S + was/ were + V
3/ ed
3. Simple future S + will/ can + V
o
S + will/ can + be + V
3/ ed
4. Present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V
-ing
S + am/ is/ are + being + V
3/ ed
5. Past continuous S + was/ were + V
-ing
S + was/ were + being + V

3/ ed
6. Present perfect S + has/ have + V
3/ ed
S + has/ have + been + V
3/ ed
7. Past perfect S + had + V
3/ ed
S + had + been + V
3/ ed
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.
I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
A party had been prepared before we came.
@ Notes :
A. Causative forms: have, get
VERBS KINDS FORMS
Have
Active S + have + O (person) + V
o

Passive S + have + O (thing) + V
3/ed
Get
Active S + get + O (person) + to V
Passive S + get + O (thing) + V
3/ed
Ex:
1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
I get some coffee made.
B. Verbs of opinion: say, think, believe, know, report …
KINDS FORMS
Active
S
1
+ V
S1
+ that + S
2
+ V
S2
Passive
It + be V
3/ ed
+ that + S
2
+ V
S2

S
2
+ be V
3/ ed
+ to V
(S2)

to have V
3/ ed


Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor.
It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.
People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.
PART D: ARTIC L ES
ARTICLES USES EXAMPLES
A or AN
- When we are referring to one
thing but it is not one in particular.
- When we refer to something for
the first time.
- In expressions for price, speed…
- I’d like a banana.
- There’s a man at the door.
- $2 a kilo, three times a day.
THE - When we are referring to a - I’ll wear the dress I bought last week.

specific thing or things.
- When we refer to something for
the second time.
- When there is only one.
- Before some collective nouns
referring to a whole group of
people.
- Before some adjectives to refer to
the group in general.
- Before supelatives and ordinals.
- Before names of musical
instruments when we talk about
playing them.
- Before names of seas, rivers,
ships, newspapers, magazines,
musical groups and a few names of
countries.
- There’s a man at the door. I think the man
is from the garage.
- The world, the sun…
- The British, the police, the army, the
government…
- The poor, the unemployed…
- The best film, the first time
- Can you play the piano?
- The Atlantic Ocean, the United States,
the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
the Philippines.
ZERO ARTICLE
- With meals.

- With sports.
- With holidays.
- With school, class, college,
university, home, work, church,
bed, hospital for their normal use.
- With By + item of transport.
- breakfast, lunch, dinner.
- football, volleyball.
- Christmas, Thanksgiving.
- She goes to school every day except
Sunday.
- Did you go by train?