Properties of Matter

by Ann J. Jacobs
Scott Foresman Science 2.8
Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content
Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Captions
• Call Outs
• Labels
• Glossary
Matter
ISBN 0-328-13790-1
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Physical Science
13790_CVR_FSD Cover113790_CVR_FSD Cover1 5/9/05 4:54:46 PM5/9/05 4:54:46 PM
by Ann J. Jacobs
Scott Foresman Science 2.8
Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content
Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Captions
• Call Outs
• Labels
• Glossary
Matter
ISBN 0-328-13790-1
ì<(sk$m)=bdhjaj< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Physical Science
13790_CVR_FSD Cover113790_CVR_FSD Cover1 5/9/05 4:54:46 PM5/9/05 4:54:46 PM
Vocabulary
gas
liquid
mass
mixture
property
solid

states of matter
What did you learn?
1. What are the three states of matter?
2. What is one way solids are different from
liquids and gases?
3.
Heating can change
matter. Write to explain how heating can
change the state of matter. Use words from
the book as you write.
4.
Draw Conclusions You put a glass
of ice cubes outside on a very hot day and
returned later to find the glass had only water
in it. What happened to cause the change?
Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its
attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott
Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom
(B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)
Opener: (CR) ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images, (Bkgd) ©Charles Gupton/Corbis; 2 Brand X Pictures, (CR)
Getty Images; 16 Brand X Pictures; 21 ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding
Picture Library Ltd.
ISBN: 0-328-13790-1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For
information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman,

1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
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Properties of Matter
by Ann J. Jacobs
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What is matter?
Everything is made of matter.
Matter is anything that takes up space
and has mass.
Mass is how much matter is in something.
All things made of matter have mass.
Everything you see is made of matter.
2
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Matter is made of small parts.
A hand lens helps you see small parts
up close.
Some things you cannot see are made
of matter.
Air has matter!
3
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4
Properties of Matter
Different kinds of matter have different
properties.
A property is something you can observe
about an object.
Color is a property of matter.

Shape is a property of matter.
Size is a property of matter too.
What colors are the pipe
cleaners? Are they big
or small?
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5
How much something weighs is a property
of matter.
How something feels is a property of matter.
Is the brush hard or
soft? How does the
cup feel?
Do you think the
sponge weighs a lot?
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6
What are the states
of matter?
There are three states of matter.
The states of matter are solids, liquids,
and gases.
Gas
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Solid
Liquid
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A solid is matter that has its own size

and shape.
Solids take up space.
Solids have mass.
You can use a
balance to find the
mass of a solid.
Use a ruler to find out
how long, wide, and
tall solids are.
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9
Crayons are solids.
Each crayon has a color.
Notebooks are solids.
Notebooks have a shape.
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10
Liquids
Liquid is matter that does not have its
own shape.
Liquids take the shape of what they are in.
Liquids take up space and have mass.
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Liquids can be measured.
Use a cup such as this one.
Volume is the amount of
space a liquid takes up.
Water is a liquid.
Put water in a jar.

The water will take the shape of the jar.
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Gases
Gas does not have its own shape.
Gas is matter that takes the size and
shape of what it is in.
Gas takes up all the space inside what
it is in.
12
Gas fills the
balloons. Gas takes
the size and shape
of the balloons.
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13
Gas can change size and shape.
Gas has mass.
You breathe air.
Air is made of gases.
Gas fills the bubble. Gas
takes the size and shape
of the bubble.
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14
How can matter be changed?
Matter can be changed in many ways.
You can change the size of matter.
You can change the shape of matter.
Fold paper into
a new shape.

Press clay into
a new shape.
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15
Rip paper to
change its size.
Bend a pipe cleaner
to change its shape.
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16
Mixing and Separating Matter
You can put different kinds of matter together.
This makes a mixture.
A mixture is made up of two or more
things.
These things do not change.
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17
This is a mixture of fruits.
You can see each part.
You can separate a mixture.
The parts stay the same.
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Mixing with Water
Some mixtures are made with water.
This mixture is made with sand and water.
Look at this mixture.
You can see the
sand and the water.

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This mixture is made with salt and water.
There are different ways to separate
mixtures.
The matter can sink.
The water can evaporate.
Look at this mixture. What do
you think will happen when
the water evaporates?
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20
How can cooling and
heating change matter?
Water is matter.
Water can change.
Water will freeze when it is very cold.
You can freeze liquid
water to make ice.
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21
Water as a gas is water
vapor. It changes to a liquid
when it meets a cold glass.
See the water drops.
Rain will freeze when it is
cold. Water on the leaves
changed from a liquid to
a solid.
The water will change to ice.

Ice is solid water.
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Heating Matter
Heating can change the state of matter.
Heat can change solids to liquids.
Heat can change liquids to gases.
Ice and snow melt when it is warm.
Solid water changes to a liquid.
Heat from the Sun makes water evaporate.
22
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23
Heat can change other matter from
solids to liquids.
Wax melts when you burn a candle.
Look at the matter around you.
What will stay the same?
What can change?
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Glossary
gas matter that has mass and
can change size and shape
liquid matter that takes up space
and has mass, but does not
have its own shape
mass the amount of matter in an
object
mixture something made up of two
or more things that do not

change
property something about an object
that you can find out with
your senses
solid matter that has its own
mass, shape, and size
states of matter solids, liquids, and gases
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Vocabulary
gas
liquid
mass
mixture
property
solid
states of matter
What did you learn?
1. What are the three states of matter?
2. What is one way solids are different from
liquids and gases?
3.
Heating can change
matter. Write to explain how heating can
change the state of matter. Use words from
the book as you write.
4.
Draw Conclusions You put a glass
of ice cubes outside on a very hot day and
returned later to find the glass had only water
in it. What happened to cause the change?

Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its
attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott
Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom
(B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)
Opener: (CR) ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images, (Bkgd) ©Charles Gupton/Corbis; 2 Brand X Pictures, (CR)
Getty Images; 16 Brand X Pictures; 21 ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding
Picture Library Ltd.
ISBN: 0-328-13790-1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For
information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman,
1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
13790_CVR_FSD Sec1:213790_CVR_FSD Sec1:2 5/9/05 4:54:57 PM5/9/05 4:54:57 PM