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$A8"+743b$08]8*O::&R23$‹=*,:8*3$M•
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*+ .DE&3$9FG
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<-8*O:XC"$,3&5E&3::8*mK&9$<‘$ &ZˆM::
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M:2XBX•8MJ:8L:IX:7
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%=3M^:::C:N3<,-KL=$<,--%7T8+BP#FMK3
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7QI?Umn?mU_S:%&:N3<,-bˆKˆ<K&9::2‹&^8C8*O:
8G:73M•:8J:K*X":C<,-8*O:#<b75$4:’:8H
8*mAW"•$MF8:&TF:2A'K3F<,-7
7QIUn=gr=sUBG?H2:š8*O:#<<,-M;/M/ˆŽMKX72<<,-
<%E&38C•:B::$•892b%&:>&8TFM<%XC$<‘
[:;[P$;3&82FM<%XC$<‘X:72=3M^:::CXY&
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8T8B=BM:M$4:K&9A|<4&8*O::G’:7_–589&XT

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<,-’ˆ•:B :: 5   2  8*O: ‹ <,- K% < A| <4&P $ 8J
-> 5 89&XT ˆ3AˆK :N32$MK*,:->57(4:
:%$M :: ˆ3AˆK •–<,-KME&KLK&98*O:#<
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X5:>:Nƒ*KMF;6AS8H3:Ib$7
.G A 8  :M -¡- – KO :: ‰ F ;6 AS 8H3 :I b A
8 Um 8T b$ 8*O: C XCP :*3 ^ F X 4 $9 b A87
*C4F,LAFC=H:-KTP8”}:•&
K‰:3M•:bˆKˆ-BDKO"+7V7
MF8 K*m->8>&b$<38DXG:*,::N32b
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>8>&:+=B:2:9&A:"8H =ˆ;P :•3 | 5  :+ =B
KM’6<‘2b$0P&4+:M$4:":’6<‘27|
5  <% E&3 8CAH:$S•KX¢ˆM8*O::&T£,
-Z8MFX:#<->8>&•K7
 -G  B   $9 :5 : E&B <‘P  8 3 P MF
8"+P:>G9+8T8X‘8H3:Ib7::-G;Q:Z
=•:-G:M$4::&T‹8H3:Ib$;38H3:Ib$07
Hình 2.1 Sự phát triển của địa chỉ IP
.YY]y_8[\&
zW-[\&$a Z[

\&0
H3:Ib$0:2:9&A•-="<>:9&A8H3:Ib$P^q=;7
b$0<-%=BXC‹3:N3b$P*m8*O:=T&A'•AFˆ’3Aˆ:3<7
.&%P8H3:Ib$0$8H3:Ib$:29&8TX:=4$,3&8*O:
T4KM=B;3&
we<:x&E0 we<:x&E
A8H3:I<@=;U=ˆV7 A8H3:I<q=;U0=ˆ;VY
b;ˆ::I<Œ:# b;ˆ:8*O:›<9$,b$07
>8>&:N38H3:Ib$X5:2
K*m’:8H<&^A|<4&:N3
2:M::=8H&C8T’6
<‘M!U:•<*OAH:$SV7
.K*m  ]  A”  :M  -¡-  ’:
8H<&^28T::=8H
&C :2  T  8B  =BM :• <*O
AH:$S M!7
(4:-Z8MF8*O:[:4=•
:B =8H &C $  :N 6
2
(4:-Z8MF:I8*O:[:4
=•:N-G36X5:2
;[33:N3=8H&C
>8>&:2:•3K*mˆ:X;&7
15:2K*mXTK3KM
b$0>8>&7
>8>&:2:•39&Œ:#7
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8>&
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3M•:ko;6ASko%&

:>&E&B=8T’:8H8H3:I$
<‘7
1&ko%&:>&8*O:3
C=•::5=MA”L::
‰FK&95<Z:
!6AS3M•:b_8TE&B<‘
$%::2F:M:S:
=7
3M•:b_8*O:3C
=•::5=M7
!6ASb_LXC8H&C
8T’:8H8H3:I:D3ˆŽ3
J:8H-ŒO-•P<Œ:#7
!6AS5=ME&B==
8H&CUoM&ˆKkA$ˆK;ˆˆV
$b_A”L=8H&C3
:Mb_LXC8H&CP<
=›=&:7
H3:IE&B=K&95
8C•:B::‰KMF
:M7
.KMb$0X5^F8H3
:IE&B=P3$M82<
8H3:IK&9527
.C<-:•&L=•N:5
MJ:;6ASƒ7
M-¡-:•&L[8PX5
;6ASZ:53:•&L
E&3ƒ7
H3:I:N8*O:<*&KM

ƒ!$,S:8G:’F;38H3
:Ib$7
H3:I:N8*O:<*&KM
ƒ!$,S:8G:’F;3
8H3:Ib$07
–KO2XG:*,:z0
=ˆ;U:2T-Z8MFV7
–KO2XG:*,:q
=ˆ;UX5:>-Z8MFV7
B7![X:=4|38H3:Ib$$8H3:Ib$0
.YY0^,+5[\&
.KMb$03M•:bˆKˆ8*O::BC::K<,8TG:
8*O: ;[ - KT X5 =C K*,: 8*O: :N3 bˆKˆ7 H AF $ 8
A :N3|8H3:Ib:š8*O:38D$,|28HAF7|
3M•: <%E&3P * b_ :š 8[+: :B C7 | 3M •: X:
KM > F *koP okoP b_ 8] MJ: =H ’M MJ: :2 KM 3M
•: b_$07|3M•:L8*m*obPv!¤:š8*O::BC
XBG:$,|38D7|:&%3K&95A[
8M<b$0$|3M•:<%E&3$,2;Q3:23C-%
=Bb4m7.C4,:N3b3b$0:2|*&8T*;3&
• Không gian địa chỉ ln:
b$0:28H3:I&^$8G:Aq=G7_J:AŒq=G:2TFM+
@P¥
@qDO-PX538H3:I:N3b$08*O:CXCA[-”8N<,
:M -¡- -Z=D8H3:I$F:M‹KS:’*+;"ˆKˆ8C‹
F:MKM D:•:7 :8H3 :I 483 -Z =D 8T ;6 AS :I
:C<*O }$$W:”‹3K•9&8H3:I;¦;:M;6AS
KM*+<37(,X53 8H3:I<,P::XY&=BM^8H3:I
*k.;QX5:”:>C|37
• Tăng sự phân cấp địa chỉ

:8H3:IM:S::N3b-$08*O:CXC8TFMK3F>8H
&C4&E&BP-Z:•-$:2TDE&23A[3K%;[-Z:•-*m
•:N3:::&:•-AH:$SbˆKˆUb!VK%[:C7.K%FˆKˆ
A[3K% b-$0P::KM&ˆKF’*+;"U=3:X=MˆV:2;"S:KM=B
8H&C}+K•9&7
• Đơn giản hóa việc đặt địa chỉ Host
b$0;6AS0=;3&:M8H3:IM;PKM0=82:2:Bq=<
8H3:I_k:N3PAM82P-B84$M82;"=8]8*O:8H—3
K*,:::C=H8H&C;Q=C8*O:|=K%;&=ˆ7•
::P#KF;Q:2M;bƒA&•KMF7
• Khuôn dạng phần đầu đơn giản hóa
> 8>& :N3 b$0 8*O: C XC 8T B : -G 8C •: " T&7
9&  8F8*O: =• :: :&T :: K*m X5 E&3 K# $ ::
K*m <[3 :# ;3::->8>&•K8*O:8J-G3;3&:N3->8>&
b$071&5AF-> 8>&,:N3b$0FMK3;[’6<‘4&E&B+F::
=8H&C7
• Tự cấu hình địa chỉ
T 8+ B :M $4: :•& L :: KFP b$0 – KO :B $4: [ :•&
L 8H3 :I;3ˆ•&< * XB  :•& L ;ˆK$ˆK ƒ $ [ :•& L 8H3
:I X5 KFU;3ˆ<ˆ;;V UX5 :2 ;ˆK$ˆK ƒV7 (, [ :•& L 8H3
:IAFX5KFP::KFKM<%XC[8:•&L:‰$,
8H3:Ib$0:N3<%XCU8H3:I:S:=<%XCV$$,8H3:IK‰K3‹9
D 8*O: E&B = =• = 8H&C:S:=7.:GC&X5:2=8H
&CP::KFK%:Œ<%XC:2T[:•&L:‰$,::8H3:I
:S: = <% XC $ 3M C- $, 3& X5-BC<-:•&LN
:57
• Khả năng xc thực và bảo mật an ninh
.G: O- ;¦ KM C XC -$0 ‰- KT X3 A' A 8B =BM ;[
*+:<W3&|3::‰F7
• Hỗ trợ tốt hơn về chất lượng dịch vụ QoS

)*&5K%F8*O:-Z::<&^:M-¡-’6<‘•:*&
%X:3&F::=8H&C7
• Hỗ trợ tốt hơn tính năng di đng
1BbA88S8*O:::*&8T:N3-$0;M$,-$
• Khả năng mở rng
.C XC :N3 -$0 :2 ;[ A[ -” :M ;[ - KT KM *+ <3
8^mA'A•KX:2&:>&
.YY0YaCD=RC{?uwe<:x
a. Cc hệ số thập phân, nhị phân,hexa decima
_ ;" ˆ’3 *+ • 2  ;" H -Z7 ‰ 3 :2 T E& 8D
E&3<F|3::4;"H-ZP--ZPˆ’3Aˆ:3<
mreRm<CBel|<f}k~
PPP@PPP0PzPqPPkPPPƒP™P¤
¤ U--ZV UH-ZV
kq ’0§q’0§’0§’0@ q
+ Cch viết địa chỉ IPv6
H3:Ib$08*O:$CA*,AFˆ’3Aˆ:3<7H3:Ib(0:28A
q=G H -Z7 q =G H -Z  8*O: :3  :: 2  =GP
:&T 8D$C ˆM AF ;" ˆ’3 Aˆ:3< $ 2  ;" ˆ’3  
2 -Z :: =•A•&¨ ©*K%71CE&BP8H3:I-$08*O:=T&A'
A];"^q2;"ˆ’3::3&=•A•&¨ ©P–2^
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C48H3:Ib$07H3:Ib$0:2:9&Aq=GP•-<>:9&A=G:N3
8H3:I b$7 (9 <‘ &CP • K X5 3 8H3 :I ‹  I <% , 
:M;"XD<^Uq @P’@qV8H3:I7_;"-ZG:GM
$XC<&K•P:MAŒ;6AS*CMP:‰3:šX5TAŒC
8H3:Ib$07
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E&B<‘8H3:Ib$<¨;6AS4&E&B©L8"$,b$0PS:%&X5
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;:E&B<‘8H3:Ib$0838*O:89&:IG:O-+7
.YY•& ![\
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8H3:I7$,CXC,Pb(0:M-¡-:9&A8I3:Ib‹@=
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;3&7
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H3:I8J:=4U!-ˆ:3<3AAKˆ;;V
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H3:I*+G:UM-3=<3AAKˆ;;V
we<:xu€<LCKU
b-$0;6AS38H3:I8J:=4;3&8ZKM3MC-
§P       3:”8*O:$Cœ œ<AF8H3:I ¨X5  8H
A3©8*O:;6AS8TT4K•4FMAˆX5:28H3:I7H3:I¨ ©
8*O:;6AS<8H3:I&^:M::2KMNS:XTK3;[KŒ
<J-8H3:I<X/<M:3<$X5=3Mm8*O:›:M3MA4MJ:8*O:
;6AS<8H3:I8G:7
§P       3œ œ8*O:;6AS<8H3:I’:8H3M A4
<MM-=3:XP:M-¡-MAˆ62:M:G2P*+8*+$,8H3
:Iz777:N3-$7:2:28H3:I8G: X5=3Mm8*O:6

K%8*m <X 3 •MKŽ3KA 8 =• KM&ˆK7 F $ :N3 AF 8H3 :I  <
-F$MAˆ7
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H3:I<X/<M:3<8*O:;6AS=•::MAˆX3MC-$,::MAˆ
<Z:Uˆ=MKMAˆVK%:Œ8*mXC"71X5:2KM&ˆKP::
MAˆb$0 K%  8*m <X ;Q ;6 AS 8H3 :I<X/<M:3< 8T3M C-$,
3&7F$:N3AF8H3:I&:3;<K%8*mXC"U-F$
<XV7
H3:I<X/<M:3<<&5<&58*O::•&L::[8P3:BX
X5:2;[^F:N3#<MF8H3:I&:3;X:7
Hình 2.2 Cấu trúc địa chỉ link-local
H3:I<X/<M:3<=›8>&=•=G-Kˆ•’<¤™q \PˆM;3&=• =
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Địa chỉ Site-Local
ƒF8H3:I-$0!ˆ/<M:3<8*O:CXC$,S:8G:;6AS KM
-F$FP*+8*+$,8H3:IAŒK%U-K$3ˆVKM-$U::
$Œ777\qPz7077\P$70q77\0V7F$GA&•:N3
AF8H3:I<-F$KMFAŒK%U$GASFM••:ˆP
 D O- F M••:ˆ :N3  D :•:777V7 : KM&ˆK 3ˆŽ3 -$0 X5
•MKŽ3KA2:28H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<K3X}-F$FK%:N3D:•:7ƒM
$P$Œ8H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<:2T8*O:AŒKŒ<J-=•9&D:•:
X5Z’&88H&C-$0M:>&7H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<KM;ˆ
X5T8*O:K&:-,‹;ˆX:7
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