bài tập môn vận tải và giao nhận FTU có đáp án

S &
Bookbooming
CHUtfNG 1: VAN TAITRONG NGOAITHUtfNG
Caul: van tdi Id gi?tai sao ndi vdn taila nganh san xua't dac biit?
+) Van tai la m6t ngiirih kinh t£ c<5 muc dfch cua con ngu&i nhlm dip ting nhu
ciu di chuyin trong khfing gian cua d<5i tuong vta chuyln
+) Van tai Id mdt nganh sin xud't vd't cha't die bifit:
TM nha't: van tai Id m6t nganh san xu£t vat cha't vi:
* MQt nganh sin xua't vat chdt cin 3 yfe'u 16: stic lao d6ng; cOng cu lao d6ng,
d<5i tuqfog lao ddng. Ngdnh van tai c6 du 3 y£u 16 ndy stfc lao ddng; cdng cu lao dijng,
la phitong tifin chuyfin chd, tuyfe'n du&ng van tii ddi tuong chuyta trfr la hanh khdeh
hang hoa
* San xuat trong nganh van tii lam ti€u hao lluong nguy6n nhifin vat lifeu 1
luong hao m5n mdy m6c nha't dinh
* Ddi tuong chuySn char sau qud trinh san xud't c6 m6t su thay d6i gid tri vat
chat nha't dinh
Thtf hai: Van tai lk nganh san xua't vat chit dac bifit vi:
Qua tiinh trong nganh khftng khfing nham muc dich lam thay d6i tinh cMt hoa
ly kfch thudc trong luong cua dtfi tucmg chuySn chd. N£u c6 chi ia rid ro
San phdm cua nganh van tii khOng c6 hlnh dang kfch thudc san phfoi cu th£ vi
hai d|c tfnh cua san ph£m cung khdqdi: gid tri sir dung la cdng dung vdi ngudi sir
dung iam thay d6i vi trf trong kh6ng gian gid tri ia luomg lao d6ng xa hQicdn thiS't kfe't
tinh trong san ph&n bilu hifin bing ti£n cudc phi van tai
* Trong nganh van tii qua tiinh sin xudt va tifiu thu khOng tdch rdi nhau
Cdu2: Vai trd, tdc dung cua vdn tdi trong nin kinh te quoc ddn?
+) Vai trb:
- Nganh giao th6ng v|n tai la mdt trong nhiing nganh kinh t£ ky thuat quan
trong cua n£n kinh te' quO'c dan. M$t mat nganh van tai co nhifim vu phuc vu nhu cdu
chuyfin chcr clia toan bd n£n kinh te' - xa hdi, tao ra mdt phdn dang k£ trong thu nh|p
kinh t£ qudc dan. Mat khde nganh van tii ia mdt thi trudng tifiu thu la m6t thi trucmg
tieu thu rift ldn san phlm cua nhung nganh kinh te' ky thuat kMc

+) tdc dung:
- He thdng giao thOng van tai duoc vi nhu he thdng tuSn hoan mdu trong ca th£
s6ng n6 dim bao cho qui trinh sin xua't va tdi sin xuSt cua xa hOi duoc lien tuc
phdn b6 lai luc luong san xu^t cua n&i kinh t^ qutfc dan
- Giao thOng van tai c6 tdc dung md rOng vd phdt tri^n giao lmi van hod trao d6i
hang hod vdi nude ngoai
- Van tii ddp ling nhu ciu di lai ngdy cang tang cua nhdn dan g6p phin nang
cao doti song vat cha't tinh thdn cia moi t£ng 16p nhan dan
- Van tii g6p phdn kh&c phuc tinh trang phdt trien khflng d6ng d^u giSa thdnh
thi va nfing th6n, giua vung d6ng bang vd mi^n nui hai dio
- VSn tii gop phdn tang cirfrng kha nang qutfc phbng giu gin an ninh xa hdi va

bio ve da't nude
Dai hoc Ngoai thimng
Bookbooming
t o m0R v t e tAi
- V|n tai g6p phdn tang cudng khi ndng qutfc phbng gifi gin an ninh xa h<Ji vd
bao vft ddt nude
Cdu3: Khdi niSm vdn tdi qudc te? Tdc dung cua vdn tai qu6c t i trong budn
bdn qu6c ti?
+) Khdi niftm: VSn tii qudc t€f lk qud trtnh chiiyftnchd hdng hod dugc ti£n
hdnh trfin lanh th6 cua 2 nhi&i nude mi di&n ddu vd cudi cua qud trtnh van
chuydn d6 nSm b 2 qudc gia kMc nhau
+) tdc dung:
- van tii qudc t€ gdp phdn thfic diy buOn bln qudc td-phdt tri&i. Khdi lugng
budn bdn gitta 2 nude phu thuQc vdo nhiiu yftu 16 trong d6 c6 y€u 16 van tii: " khdi
lugng hdng hod luu chuyin gitta 2 nude ty 1ft thuan vdd ti&n nang kinh 16 cua hai nude
vd ty lft nghich vdi khoing cdch chuyftn chd gitta hai nude d6 William " . .Vi chi pU
van tii chiftm mOt gid tri khOng nhd trong gid hdng hod nftn van tii qudc t£ phdt trifo
ldm chi phf van tai giim bdt thdng qua d<5 thtie d£y thtfcmg mai'giQa hai nude

- van tii qudc t£ phdt tri& gdp phdn 1dm thay-d<3i ca ctfU hdng hod Vkca. cdu
thi trudng trong budn bdn qu6c t<SL Trade day thucmg raaiqudc t£ chu yftu fi hdng
thdnh phlm c6 gid tri cao nay c6 ci hdn£ bit) fhdnb-ph&n,. nguyftfi liftu, hdng cd gid
tri thdp . Vd trade day thi tradng’ chu#£u Id pKflng nude Jdrig giSng thi hiftn nay van
tii qudc 16 phdt tri£n ldm phant vi.J&EilRl^jgdugc md rtog, cir ly chuyftn chd hSng
hod trung binh trong van ti!ii du& gSH B^sM £ ting-tii 3.967 hii W ndm 1985 lftn
4.230 hii If
- vdn tii qudc t£ cd tdc dung bio vft rich cue ho|c ldm xdu di edn can mdu djch
vd edn edn thanh todn. Vdn tii cd hai chtic nSng: ehtfc ndng phue vu dim bio nhu
chuyftn chd hang hod xudt nfidp khdu cia m6i nude; chiic nang kinh doanh xudt khdu
sin phdm van tii nhdt Id vdn tii dirdng biin .Thu chi ngoai tft trong IMi'vue xudt nhdp
khdu sin phdm van tii Id mOt bd phdn quan trpng cua edn edn thanh todn qudc t£.
Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn qudc t& Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cai
thiftn edn can thanh todn. Nhap siftu se 1dm tham hut edn edn thanh todn
Cdu4: Ca si d i phdn chia trdch nhiim vi vdn tdi trong ngoai thucmg. Tdc
dung cua viicgianh duffc quyin vdn tdi?
+) Co sd d6 phan chia trdch nhiftm v6 van tii trong ngoai thuong Id 13 di£u kiftn
ca sd giao hdng trong n5m 2000
+) tdc dung:
- bftn gidnh du^e quy^n vdn tii cd di£u kiftn chu ddng trong ehuyftn chd ddm
phdn vd kf kftit hop ddng thuft vdn tai
- nftu hop ddng ngoai thucmg khdng quy dinh 1 thdi han giao hdng cu thi chfnh
xdc thi bftn gidnh dugc quydn vdn tii se chu d^ng vd giao nhdn hdng hod
- khi hdng hod duoc quyin chd bdng dudng biin thi vifte gidnh dugc quyftn cho
phftp su dung tdt luc lugng tdu bufln trong nude vd nd cung thiic dly cde nghiftp vu
khde cua ngoai thuong phdt tri£n. Didu ndy cd nghla Id cho phftp cii thiftn edn edn
thanh todn cua qudc gia.
- Gidnh dugc quyin van tii gdp phdn ndng cao uy tin cua 1 qudc gia trftn th£
gidi
Chu Cd mdt sd trudng hgp khdng nftn gidnh quyin vdn tii:

2
Dai hoc Ngoai thu’O’ng
Bookbooming
1. Du dodn gid cudc thufi tau tang manh sau khi kf k£t hop d6ng
Du dodn thafy khd trong vide thufe tau dl thuc hifin h<?p dg nhu chuySn chd sdc v'
s6ng, hang dOng lanh
3. tinh todn c6 su chfenh lech giQa gid xua't khlu OF so vdi gid xuSt fchlu F< :
duoc d£ nghi khdng ldn tuong tu vdi trudng hqfp nhftp kh<5u 4. khi ta qi
cdn bin hode mua 1 mat hang mi dd'i phuong lai mudn gidnh quy&i vdn tdi
5. khi tSp quin luflt le qud'c t£ quy djnh
Chuong 2: chuyfin chd hang hod xua't nhdp khlu bang dudng bidn
Cdu 5: Midi niim thu budn? cdc dac tntng cua tdu budn?
+) T&u budn lk nhGngtdu chd hang va chd khSch vi muc dich thuong mai
+) nhOng dac trung kinh te' cua tau bu6n:
1. tfin tku day Id mdt dac trung cSn chd ^ ten tau se duoc cho vko h6 so luu W
qua d6 ngudi ta cd thi theo doi chat che qua trinh hoat ddng cua con tku
2. Cdng dang kjr cdng cua nude sdhffu con tau
3. Cd tku: ed qudc tich cua tau tku se trd thanh mdt phdn lanh th6 n6i trfin bift
cua qudc gia dd C6 2 edch elm tau:
- Cam ed thudng cam cd cua nude ma no mang qudc tich
- cam cd phuong tifin cim cd cua nude ma nd dang ky elm cd phuong tiSn
4. kfch thudc cua tku
- Chi&i dii cua tku: gdm chiSu dai tokn bd ia chilu dai tfit mui tku din dudi i
va chilu dai cua dudng tiSp gidp giCa than tku vdi mat nude khi tku chd ddu hdng ■;
moi nude tdi da vk> mha hi chilu dai cua tku cho bi£t cang dii bao nhifeu di? neo dS.u
vk xfe'p dd hang hda duoc an toan
- Chilu rdng cua tku ia chd rdng nhSt cua than tku duoc do tir ben ndy sang bftn
kia cua thanh tku va duoc tinh bing m6t. Chilu rdng cua tku cho bi£t kha nang tau ce
thi qua duoc kfinh dao ludng lach cd chilu rdng bao nhifiu
5. M6n nude ia chilu cao thing g<5c tut dSy tau 16n mat nude cd 2 loai mdr

nude:
- mdn nude ca'u tao ia chilu cao tha'p nha't tOr ddy tau lfin. mat nude khi tku
khdng chd hang
- mdn nude tdi da ia chilu cao thing gdc tCr ddy tau len mat nude klii tku cho
ddy hkng vdo miia he
Mdn nude con thay doi theo mua va vung biln ma tau di qua: ve mua hfe vil
vilng nude ngot thi mon nude cua tau ldn hon
6. Trong luong hay con goi la luong gian nude cua tau la trong luong cua khC'i
nude ma tdu chie'm chd tfnh bang td'n dai. Trong luong cua tau duoc tinh bang each
Id'y M thi tich cua khd'i md tau chiem chd chia cho 35
Trong luong cua tdu cd 2 loai:
- Trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng la bang trong lucrng cua vo tau mdy rndc
trang thie't bi tr6n tail, ndi hoi nude trong n6i hoi phu tung thuyen bd va hanh ly cua
ho
- Trong luong tau khi chd hdng Id bang trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng cdng
vdi trong luong cua dau ma nude ngot luong thuc thuc ph£m d6 du tru khde vat lieu
chen 16t vd trong lirong cua hang hoa thuong mai m& tau chd duoc
Dai hoc Ngoai thuong
Bookbooming
Bfrp fin m0R v$h Y fa
7. Trong tii li siic chd cua tiu dugc t£nh bing tdn dii 6 mdn nude tdi da vi miia
ddng mila hi ho|c 6 viing biin cd lien quan tiiy tiStng tnrfmg hgp. Cd 2 loai trong tii
cua tiu:
- Trong tii toin phdn c&a tiu li bing tdng trong lugng hing hoi thucmg mai,
trgng lugng nhiin liiu, nude nggt, luong thuc thuc phlm, vat lifiu chin Idt dd du trfl
khde vi phu titng tfnh blng DW= HD- LD
- Trong tii tinh cua tiu li trgng lugng hing hda thucmg mai mi tiu cd thi chd
dugc. Trpng tii tinh cua tiu chlnh bing trpng tii toin phdn cua tiu trCt di trgng lugng
cua nhien lieu nude ngot lucmg thuc thuc phlm dd du trtt khde vi phu timg. Tr<?ng tii
tinh cua tiu li mdt dai lugng thay ddi vl nd phu thudc vio khdi lugng nhien lieu, nude

nggt lucmg thuc, thuc phlm cd tren tiu
8. Dung tfch dang k£ cua tiu li thi tfch cdc khoing trong khip kfn tr6n tiu
dugc tinh bang mit khdi hoac bing tdn dang k^ bing 100 hay bing 2,83 mit khdi
Cd 2 loai dung tfch dang kf:
- Dung tfch dang k^ toin phdn: li dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn trfin
tiu tfnh tit ben tren eung trcf xudng trfit cdc khoing trdng sau: khoing trdng di chira
nude din tiu, ldi di trong hdm tiu budng ve sinh phdng svra chfia khdi dung tfch dang
kp toin phdn dCing di thdng ke tiu bi6n chi si quan thuy thu luc dilng di tfnh cdc loai
phf nhu phf dang k^
- Dung tfch dang k^ tjnh 1& dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn di chtia
hing tr6n tiu. Dung tfch dang k^ tfnh bing dung tfch dang k$ toin phdn tr£r di dung
tfch cdc phdng an &, giii tri ciia thuyin truimg vi thuyin viin dung tfch budng mdy
vi budng hoa tieu. Dung tfch dang k$ tinh cua tiu thudng dimg di tfnh phf qua kfinh
dio phf cing phf hoa tieu
9. Dung tfch chtfa hing li khi n3ng xip cdc loai hing hod khde nhau trong hdm
tiu cua con tiu. Cd hai loai dung tfch chiia hing cua tiu
- Dung tfch ehtia hing cd ban kiin li khi n3ng xip hing cd bao gdi trong hdm
tiu tfnh bing don vi. Dung tfch niy dugc tfnh blng cdch lSy chiiu dii nhdn vdi chiiu
rdng vi chiiu cao cua hdm tiu
- Dung tfch chiia hing rdi li khi nang xip cdc hing rdi trong hdm tiu tfnh
blng don vi. Dung tfch chtfa hing rdi cua m<Jt con tiu bao gift eung ldn hem dung tfch
chtia hing bao kjen cua nd tit 5-10 % vl hing rdi cho phip tin dung hit thi tfch cua
cdc hdm tiu
10. He sd xip hing cua tiu li ty If giOa dung tfch chtfa hing cua tiu vi trong
tii tinh cua tiu. Cdng thtfc tfnh:
g , CS(m'!C.fi)
D\WCC
CL cho biit mdt tdn trong tii tinh tucmg ducmg vdi bao nhieu dcm vi dung tfch chiia
hing cua con tiu dd
11. He sd xip hing cua hing hod li ty 16 gitta thi tfch vi trgng lugng cua mit

hing dd khi hing dd dugc x£p trong hdm tiu. He sd xip hing cua hing hod ndi ro
mdt tdn dii cua hing hod chiim bao nhieu dcm vi thi tfch trong hdm tiu ki ci dung
sai cho phip khi xip. Hing dugc coi li hing nang niu cd SF>40 C.ft/tdh. Khi xip
4
Dai hoc Ngoai thipong
Bookbooming
s r t p t e z n t e
v n n t± i
tidng xud'ng tdu muO'n dung hit trong tdi vd dung tich cua tdu thi phdi chpn m6t hoac
nhilu mat hdng c6 he s6 xlp hdng bdng he s6 xfip hdng cia tdu. N<5i cdch khdc phai
x6'p cdc mat hdng khdc nhau thoa man he phuong tiinh:
X+Y
Trong d6:
X,Y: Id trong luong cua titng mat hdng tuong ting
Sfx: he s6' xe'p hdng cua mdt hdng X
Sfy: hi
s6 x£p hdng cua mat hdng Y
DWCC: trong tai tjnh cua tdu
CS: dung tfch chtia hdng cua tdu
Cdu 6: Cdc loai tdu budn chd hdng?
* Phdn loai theo cOng dung:
- Tdu chd hdng kh<5: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi ran c6 hay khdng c6 bao bl.
G6m nhflng dang sau:
1. Tdu chd hdng Mch hod: chd nhflng mat hdng do ngdnh cdng nghiep sdn xutft
thudng duoc ddng bao cd gid tri tucrng dtfi cao
2. Tdu container: Id tdu chd hdng bdch hod hien dai c6 nhflng phuong tien trang
thie't bi hien dai c6 trong tai ldn tdc dd ldn hon tdu chd hdng bdch hod thdng thudng
rdt nhieu
3. Tdu chd xd - lan: tr£n xd lan cd container, tdu sit dung he thdng xlp dd chlm
n6i bdng nude

4. Tdu chd hdng khd cd khdl lucmg ldn: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi rdn khdng cd
bao bi vd cd khdi luong ldn nhu than quang phdi phdt cdu tao cd thie't bi Me hfit hdng
ddi
5. Tdu chd hdng kit hop: tdu chd hai hay nhilu mdt hdng khde nhau
- Tdu chd hdng ldng: chuyen chd hdng d thi Idng khdng cd bao bl nhu ddu mo
ga hda chdt tdu cd trang thie't bi he't stic hien dai. Gdm cdc loai nhu: tdu chd ddu cd 4
boong trong tai, tdu chd khf ddt thien nhien hod ldng tdu chd khf ddu hod ldng
* Phan loai theo cd tdu:
- Tdu cuc ldn tdu chd ddu thd cd trong tai tir 350.000 tdn trd I6n
- Tdu rd't ldn Id nhflng tdu cd trong tdi tir 200.000 tdn din 350.000 tdn
- Tdu loai trung blnh: Id nhflng tdu chd hdng rdi vd hdng bdch hod cd trong tai
dudi 200.000 tdn
- Tdu loai nho: Id nhflng tdu cd trong tai vd dung tfch dang kj> nhd. Tuy nhien
chi nhflng tdu cd dung tfch tit 300 tdn trd len mdi duoc xlp vdo danh sdeh ddi tdu
biiOn cua thi gidi. Ngodi ra cdn tdu cd Panamax la nhflng tdu cd chilu ngang ldn nhd't
cd thi qua duoc kenh ddo Panama
* Phan loai theo cd tdu:
- Tdu sir dung cd thudng
- Tdu sit dung cd phuong tien
* Phan loai theo pham vi kinh doanli
5
Dai hoc Ngoai thimng
Bookbooming
s t o t o htOr v t o t&i
- Tiu chay bi&i gin li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii khdng
nhttng cing cdch nhau khdng xa, nhdm tap trung ngu6n hing cho c&c cau
chay vbngbiin xa chuyftn chd c\
- Tiu chay biin xa: li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii ldn thudng kinh do***1
vdi khoing eich trftn 4000 km
* Phan loai theo tudi tiu:

- tiu trfc c6 tudi nhd hon 15
- tiu trung binh: tit 15- 25 tu<5i
- tiu gii c6 trftn 25
- tiu rift gii cd tudi trftn 45 yW
Cdu 7: Khdi ni$m cdng biin? CMc ndng ctia cdng biin? N h i4 in
biin vi$t nam? * u
+) Cing biin li noi ra vio neo ddu cia tiu biin li noi phyc vu
hod li diu mdi giao thdng quan trgng cia 1 nude
+) chtfc n3ng: Cing biin cd hai chttc nang:
- phuc v\i tiu biin cing li noi ra vio neo d&u cua tiu li ncri ^
vu dua d6n tiu ra vio lai dit eung ting diu md nude nggt vft sinh sfina c y t
- Phuc vu hing hoi: cing phii lim nhiftm vy xftp dd giao n il# 1*
quin luu kho tii chft ddng g<5i phin ph<fi hing hod XNK . Cing e d n 1®-
cdc thi tuc XNK li noi bit diu tiftjp tuc hay kftt thtic qud trtnh vdn t&i
+) Nhiftm vu vi quyin han cua cing biin vift nam: -titiO*1
- Xdy dung quy hoach k& hoach phdt triin cia cing biin t r o n g *
nhiftm qu
- Phdi hgp hoat dQng cia cdc td chtfc ca quan thuc hiftn chde
nude tai cing biin ^
- kiim tra gidm sit vife thgc hien cic quy djnh ciia phip luA* ~sr
ninh toin cing vi ludng ra vio cing *-»o£c
- Phdi hgp vdi cdc ca quan thtfe hiftn hoat dQng flm kiftin cdu
cd6 nhi£mm6itrudng •*;
- Ctfp gidy ph6p cho tiu ra vio cing vi thuc hiftn yftu cdu v£
hing hii - jj.6'
- Yftu ciu cic ci nhin ca quan httu quan eung dp cic thdng tin
hiftn chdc nang quin ty nhi nude cua cing
Cdu 8: Trang thiit bi vd cdc chi tiiu hoat d$ng cdng biin?
+) Thiftt bi cia cing bao gdm: ‘ .
- Tirang thiftt bi phuc vy tiu ra vio neo diu gdm: ciu tiu ludn lacxt*-

s6ng phao tram hoa tiftu _ ^
- Trang thifit bi phuc vu van chuyin xftp dd hing hoi gdm: cin c-=
ndng hing miy bom htit hing red bing chuyen
- Co sd vit chit kp thudt phuc vy bio quin luu kho hing hoi kho
hing hoi kho ngoai quan bi chtfa diu
- Hft thdng dudng giao thdng vta tii trong pham vi cing vi cic ctf*
cua cing nhu dudng b6 dudng sit
- Hft thdng trang thiftt bi ndi cua cing: cin ciu ndi phao n<5i tiu hoa
Dai hoc Ngoai thuang
Bookbooming
BrtPrtRffi0RV$RTfa
- nhdm trang thie't bi khdc dte chie'u sdng thOng tin lien lac mdy t£nh
+) chi tifiu hoat ddng:
- S6 luong tku hoac tong dung tfch dang ky trong tSi todn phdn ra vdo cang
trong 1 n3m chi ti6u ndy phan inh mire dd nhdn nhip cua cing
- Stf tdu bi£n c6 thi xSp d5 hdng ciing 1 luc
- khdi luong hdng hod xep dd trong 1 n3m
- MCrc x£p dd cua cdng chi tieu ndy ndi 16n mile dd co gidri hod nang xud't x£p
dd cua mdt cang
- Khi ning chtfa hang hoi d kho b31 phdn ting mtic dd quy md cua ding
- Chi phi x£p dd hdng hod cdng phi phf lai dat hoa tifiu phan dnh nang suSt trir.l
dd quin Ijf cua cang
Cdu 9: Khdi niim tdu cho? Phuong thi'cc thui tdu char dac diim vd trvzbn,
hop dp dung?
+) Khdi niem: tiu cho Id tau chay thudng xuyfin trfin 1 tuygh dudng nh£t dir,'.
gh6 qua nhGng cdng rMt dinh vd theo mdt lich. trinh dinh. trade
Phuong thtic thue tau cho Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chi tdu hay dai ty cut
chu tau yfiu cdu danh 1 chd tren tdu d£ chuyfin cho hdng hod tflr 1 cang ndy d£n dra?-
khdc
+) Dac die’m cua phuong thtfc thue tdu cho:

- tdu chay gifla cdc cang theo 1 lich trinh cdng bd trade
- chving tir dilu chinh cdc mdi quan he trong tliue tdu cho Id vdn don &aOn<
bi£n - B/L
- khi thue tdu cho chit hdng phdi mac nhien thira nhdn nhffng di&J kien do clu':
tau quyfi't djnh vd duoc in sdn vdo mat sau B/L
- Gid cudc tdu chqr g6m ca chi phf x£p dd do cdc hang tdu quy djnh vd duoc ir-
sSn 6 bang cudc. Uu di^m cua viec ndy Id de ddng don gian cho nhung chit hdng
khdng thdng thao. Nhuoc di&n cua nd la cudc thudng cao vd khdng mdc cd d£ giair;
gid cudc vi tdu cho la tdu nho theo 1 lich trinh djnh trade vd khdng phai luc ndo cun?
ddy hdng
- Cdc chu tau thudng thanh lap cdc cdng hdi tdu cho hoac cdng hdi cudc phf fr!
khdng ch£ thi trudng vd ning cao kha nang canh tranh
+) Trudng hop dp dung:
- chu hdng cd khdi luong hdng hoa khdng ldn khdng xep dQ mdt con tau
- Khi lich trinh cua tdu phu hop vdi cang bde va cang bde dd hdng cua chilng U
Cdu 10: Tdu chuyen? Phuong thvee thui tdu chuyen cdc hinh thi'cc thui tern
chuyi'n?
+) Khdi niem:
- Tdu chuye'n la tdu chuyen chd hdng hod gitta hai hay nhi£u cang theo y6u cdu
cua chu hdng trfen co sd mdt hop ddng thue tdu
- thue tau chuyen Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chu tdu hoac dai dien cua chu tdu
yeu cdu thue todn bd con tdu de chuyen chd hdng hod tir 1 cang hoac nhi6u cdng xSp
dSn 1 hay nhifiu cang dd
+) DSc diem:
7
Dai hoc Ngoai thimng
Bookbooming
sftp Ar ni&n vte t Aj
- tdu khdng chay theo 1 lich trtnh c6 dinh nhu tku chor mi theo yfiu c3il cua chu
hdng

- tku chuyfin chd thudng c6 1 boong mieng him r$ng d& de ddng van chuyln
hkng hod len xudng
- tdc d<> cua tku chuyen tuong ddi chflm hon tku ch<jr: tir 14-16 hdi 1$ / gid so vdi
18-20 hdi If / tr6n gid cua tku chgr
- di&i chinh mdi quan he gifia cdc ben trong thue tku chuygn lk hqrp ddng thue
tiu chuyen vi B/L. Trong d6 C7P di£u chinh mdi quan he gitta ngudi thue tku vk ngudi
chuyen chd nhdn hkng di x£p len tku n6 se diSu chinh mdi quan he gifia ngudi thue
tku vk ngudi chuyen chd vdi ngudi gun hkng vdi ngudi nhdn hkng.
- ngudi thue t&u tu do thod thudn v£ cdc diiu kidn chuyen chd vk gid cudc trong
hop d6ng thu£ tku
- gid cudc trong hop d6ng thue tku c6 th£ bao gdm ca chi phf xep dd hoac
khdng lk do thod thudn cua cdc ben
- tku chuyfin thudng duoc ddng khi chuyen chd hkng cd khdi luong ldn nhu
than dd ngu cdc bd xft va ngudi thue tku phdi cd 1 khdi lUqmg hkng hod du ldn d£'xfp
du mQt con tku
+) Cdc hlnh thtic thue tku chuyfin
- thue tku chuyen mdt: ttic thue tku d6 chd hkng tit mQt cdng nky d6n m$t cdng
khdc
- thue chuy£n khti hdi: tdc thud tku chd hkng tit 1 cdng nky deh mQt cdng khdc
rdi lai chd hkng tir cdng dd v£ cdng khdi hkng
- thue tail chuyeh lien tuc: ttic lk thue tku chd hkng tir 1 cdng nky d£n 1 cang
khdc nhilu chuydn lien tiSp nhau
- thue khodn chu hkng se can cti vko nhu cdu hkng hod cua mlnh d£ khodn cho
chu tku chuyen chd trong 1 thdi gian nhdt djnh
- thue bao: chu hkng se thue tokn bd phuong tien chuyen chd d6 van chuyen
hkng hod
- thue tku dinh han: chu hkng se thue tku trong 1 khodng thdi gian di chuyen
chd hkng hod. C6 2 hlnh thtic lk thue tdu dinh han.tron cdnghla lk chi thue tku mk
khdng thue si quan thuy thu trtn tku. Thue tku dinh han khdng trctn cd nghia lk thud
tku ciuig vdi cd sf quan thuy thu trfin tku

Cdu 11: khdi niim vd chitc n&ng cua B/L?
+) khdi niem: van don dudng biin lk chting tir chuyen chd hkng hod do ngudi
chuyen chd hoac dai di$n cua ngudi chuyen chd cdp cho chi hkng sau khi hkng da
duoc xgp len tdu hay du<?c nhkn di x€p len tdu
- Ngudi cdp B/L: ngudi chuyen chd thuy6n trudng dai If cua ngudi chuyen chd.
ten ghi r6 ho ten h9 tu cdch phdp If trtn B/L
- Ihdi diem cap B/L: sau khi hkng hod du<?c xep len tku hoac sau khi hdng hoa
dugc nhdn di x£p
- Ngudi dUQic cdp B/L: lk chu hkng hay ngudi giao nhdn thay mat chi hdng
+) Chile nang:
- Van don dudng bi&i lk chting nhSn lhqrp ddng chuyen chd hkng hod bdng
dudng bi&i da dir<?c k$ kdt
8
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong
Bookbooming
B f tp t o m to v t o t &3
- van don dudng biin li bifen lai nhto hing do ngudi chuyftn chd phdt hinh cho
ngudi gud hing
- Van don dudng biin la chtfng tit xdc nhto quyin sd huu hing hod ghi trftn vto
dan. Ai c6 vto don trftn tay ngudi c6 quyin ddi sd huu hing hoa ghi trftn do. Do tfnh
chft sd hfiu nftn vto don li mdt chutig tit lira th6ng dugc, ngudi ta c6 thi mua bdn
chuyin nhuong van don
Cdu 12: The ndo la vdn darn dich danh vdn dm vd danh vd vdn dan theo
link?
+) Van don dfch danh: ghi ro tftn vi dia chi nMn hing chi c6 ngudi tftn, dia chi
ghi trftn van don mdi dugc nhto hang. Vto don khdng thi chuyin nhugng bang cdch
ky hau
Vto don dich danh phdt hinh khi: - Gift hing til cd nhto
- Gii hing qui bid'u
-Girt hing triin lam

- Givr hing tit cdng ty me dft'n cdng ty
con
+) Vto don theo lftnh li vto don trftn dd khdng ghi r5 tftn vi dia chi ngudi nhto
hing mi chi ghi chit hay cd ghi tftn vi dia chi ngudi nhto hing
- Cac cdch ty hau di chuyftn nhuong vto don: ty hau dfch danh: mat sau ciia
vto dctn goc ngudi ky Mu se ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng lei vto don vi ghi ro tftn
mlnh kf ddng dto xac nhto
Mu theo lftnh: mat sau vto don thay vl viftc ghi dfch danh tftn ngudi hudng
loi ngudi kf hto ghi theo lftnh cua mdt ngudi hudng led nio dd
hto vd danh: ngudi ky hto chi di tftn mlnh kf ddng dto nhung khdng ghi
chuyin nhugng quyin sd huu cho ai hoic ghi kf hto bd trdng
+) Vto don vd danh: khdng ghi tftn ngudi nhto hing hoSc ghi r5 li vd danh
hoic li vto don phdt hinh theo lftnh nhung khdng ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng loi ho|c
ngudi hudng lgi trade da kf hto vd danh
Vto don vd danh cd kha nang luu thdng ldn nhung nhugc diim li khong an
toin cho hang hod vl ai cdm td vto don eung diu li chu sd huu hing hod
Cdul3: The ndo Id vdn dcm da xi'p hdng, van don nhdn hdng dixep?
+) Vto don da xft'p hing phat hinh sau khi hing hod dugc xft'p Iftn tiu day li
bang chimg cua viec da hoin thinh viftc giao hing nhu da cam kft't vdi ngudi mua
+) Vto don nhto hing di xip: dugc phdt hinh sau khi ngudi chuyftn chd da
nhan hang vi cam kit se xip hang lftn tiu vi ngudi giao hing chua hit trdch nhiftm
vdi hing hod
Van dcm nhto hing di xep phdt hinh sau khi: hing hoa dugc giao cho ngudi
chuyftn chd nhung tiu chua den cang ho3c din cang nhung chua du diiu kiftn xip
hing
Bdn hing thdng qua nhiiu ngudi trung gian nhu ngudi giao nhto hang hay
ngudi gom hing
Trong viftc giao nhto hang hoa tir kho cua ngudi ban deh kho cua ngudi
mua
9

Dai hoc Ngoai thirang
Bookbooming
»rtPARHT0RV$RTfcr
Trfin thuc t£ ngudi mua chi chap nhdn van don da x€p hkng nfin cd 2 cdch giai
quygt
- Chd cho hdng hod duoc x€p 16n tku dl dem vdn don ra ddi hodc ngudi giir
hkng yfiu cdu ngudi cSip van don ghi ro gid /ngky /thdng/ ndm hkng hod dugc x£p lfin
tku vko vdn don nhan hkng dl xfip
Thay ddi cdc dilu kiSn co sd giao hkng: FOB thknh FCA, CIF thknh CPT hay
OP
Cdul4: Thindo Id vdn dan hodn hdo? vdn dan khdng hodn hdo?
+) Van don hokn Mo: khdng ghi chd xdu hay ghi chd bao luu cua thuyln
trudng v6 hkng h6a vk tinh trang ben ngoki cua hkng h6a
Trdn van don ghi: Clean B/L
Khdng ghi cua thuy^n trudng nhung khdng 1km inh
hudng dSn tinh thdn hokn hdo cua van don
Vi6c c^p van don hokn hdo chung t& ngudi bdn da giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen
chd vdi tinh trang ddng nhu yfiu cdu cua h^p d6ng, vk nhflng hdng h6c sau nky do
ngudi chuyen chd phdi chiu trdch nhiem
+) Vdn don khdng hokn hdo: lk van don c6 ghi chu xdu phe chu bao luu hodc
ghi chti phan ddi cua thuy^n trudng vi hkng h6a vk tinh trang bfin ngoki cua hkng hda.
Cd cdch khic phuc sau:
- Thay th£ hay b<5 xung hkng hda trong trudng hop hkng hda bi hu hdng hay bi
thilu
- Sura chfla hkng hda nSu hkng hda cd thi sura chfla duoc vk n£u nhu khdng cd
hkng hda mdi d6 thay th#
- Lap thu dam bdo cho phdn hkng hda bi tdn thdt di cd thi thanh todn cho phdn
hkng hokn hdo. Luu $ lk ludt phdp cdc nude dlu chua thfla nhdn tfiah phdp If cua thu
dam bdo vi cd thi ngudi bdn vk ngudi chuyfin chd thdng ddng nhau dl lfira ddi ngudi
mua, ngdn hkng

Cdu 15: Cdc trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyinchd dudng bi/nvd hdng hda ?
Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda gdm cd 3 mat sau:
- Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vi mdt mdt hu hdng cua hkng hda goi lk
co sd trdch nhiem
- Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda vi mdt khdng gian vk thdi
gian, goi lk thdi han trdch nhiem
- Sd tiln tdi da vk ngudi chuyen chd phdi bdi thudng cho mdt dcta vi hkng hda
bi tdn thdt trong trudng hop gid tri hkng hda khdng du<?e ke khai nfin vdn don g<?i lk
gidi han trdch nhiem
Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd dudng bifo vdi hkng hda theo van don duoc
quy djnh 3 quy tic trong dd trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd lk khdc nhau
Cdul6: Ca sd trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd trong 3 quy tdc?
Co sd trdch nhiem lk trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi nhflng mdt mdt vk
hu hdng cua hkng hda
10
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong
Bookbooming
Bftp All ST0R VHR T&3
+) Theo quy tic Brussels va Visby: ngudi chuyftn chd chiu trdch nhiftm vdi
nhung thiftt hai do mat mdt hu hong hing h6a khi hang hda edn thudc trdch nhiftm cua
ngudi chuyftn chd
+) Theo quy tac Hamburg: ngudi chuyftn chd chiu trdch nhiftm vl thiftt hai do
ma't mat hu h6ng vdi hang hda vi cham giao hang gay ra khi hing hda edn thudc
trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd
- Hing dugc coi II cham giao nft'u nhu khdng dugc giao d cing dd hing trong
thcri han quy dinh trong hop ddng chuyftn chd hing hda con nftu khdng dugc quy djnh
cu thi thi la mot khoang thdi gian hgp ty doi hoi 1 ngudi chuyftn chd cin mSn phai
giao cd tinh dft'n holn canh su viftc
- Hing h6a se dugc coi II mit mdt trong trudng hop khdng dugc giao nhu trong
thdi gian 60 ngly liftn tuc kl tfir ngly hft't thdi han giao hang

Trdch nhiftm cu thi:
+) Theo Brussels ngudi chuyftn chd c6 cac trdch nhiftm:
Trudc liic bit ddu hinh thlnh ngudi chuyftn chd phai c6 dugc mdt su edn man
hgp ly dl eung cdp con tau cd du dilu kiftn di biln ttic II: Thii nhd't tau phdi bdn chic
kui nude chiu dugc gid trong dilu kiftn blnh thudng. TM hai tiu phai thfch hgp cho
viftc chuyftn chd hing hda cdc bd phan ding de chuyftn chd hing hda phai thfch hgp
cho viftc chuyftn chd. TM ba tiu dugc eung ting ddy du nhiftn liftu vl biftn chft' du thuy
thu. Ngudi chuyftn chd khdng phdi chiu trdch nhiftm nft'u anh ta chung minh dugc ring
anh ta da cin m§n hop ty de eung cip tau cd du kha nSng de di biln va anh ta chju
trdch nhiftm chi khi ngudi gid hing chung minh dugc dilu ngugc lai.
Trdch nhiftm thuong mai cua ngudi chuyftn chd: ngudi chuyftn cd se phai tiftn
hinh 1 cdch thfch hgp vl edn mSn viftc xftp dich chuyin, xip xftp, chuyftn chd, coi gitt,
cham sdc, va gifl nhung hang hda dugc chuyftn chd. Trong dd thfch hop nghla II hing
hda phai sir dung dung cu dy dl xftp dd vl bao quan. Cin than ngudi chuyftn chd
khdng pham phai so sua't phai xftp hing theo dung so dd xftjp hing, dd hing theo diing
quy trinh ky thuit.
Cung cap vln don
+) Theo Hamburg: Khdng quy dinh ro nhung trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn

chd ml trach nhiftm ciia ngudi chuyftn chd dugc dua trftn nguyftn tic suy ddan I6i: Khi
cd rui ro trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd dugc dua trftn nguyftn tic suy doan ldi:
khi cd r6i ro tdn tha't vdi hing hda thi ngudi cuyftn chd dugc coi II cd ngudi cd I6i;
ngudi chuyftn chd nft'u mud'n thodt trach nhiftm anh ta phai chung minh rang ban than
minh khdng co ldi hoac anh ta da dp dung moi biftn pap edn thiet thop ly de ngan
ng&a moi tdn tha't say ra.
Cac trudng hgp miftn trach
+ Theo Brusels cd 17 miftn trdch cho ngudi chuyftn chd:
- Hinh vi so xua't hay khuyftt diem cua thuyin trudng, thuy thuy, hoa tiftu hay
ngudi giiip viftc cho ngudi chuyftn trd trontg thudt di biln va quin tri tiu.
- Chay trir khi do ldi ldm thuc su hay cd f cua ngudi chuyftn chd.

- Tai hoa di biln, la nhfmg trudng hop bat kha khdng trftn biln cua ngudi
chuyftn trd hay dai ty cua ngudi chuyftn chd da tim moi cdch de khic phuc nhung
khdng duoc.
11
Dai hoc Ngoai thuang
Bookbooming
s r t p i t a z n f i n v 8 r t & j
- Thifin tai: DQng d&t, nui lira, sit dinh.
- Hknh ddng do chiS'n tranh, h&u qui cua chiln tranh.
-Hknh ddng thil dich cua dan chung.
- Tky vk hkng h6a bi c5m gitt, bi cflu thtic do ldnh cua vua chua, ldnh cua chinh
quyln, ldnh cua tda in.
- Han chi vl thi tuc kilm dich.
- Dinh cOng, cUrn xudng hay lao d<tag bi ngung trd vl baft cil nguydnn hta nko,
siy ra tdan bd hay cuc bd.
- Hknh vi hay thilu s6t cua chi hkng, dai ty hay dai didn cia chi hkng.
- Do ctfu hay c6 f cuu sinh mang hofc tki sin trdn biln.
- Hao hut vl trpng luong; s6 luring hao hut do nQi ngoai $ hokc bin chit
cia hkng hio (riOi ty, ngoai lk nhflng khilm khuylt cia hkng hda c6 thi do cdng
nghd chd' biln sin xu£t, cung (bag nguydn vkt lidu dl sin xu&).
- Bao bl khdng diy di (lk do bl xtfu khdng phi hgp vdi hkng hda vk vto chuyln
hkng hda).
mahidu khdng diy di hoac lk sai.
- Do in tl cia tiu vdi nhflng su cin min hgp If mk vin khdng phit hifin ra duoc
(in $ cia tku lk nhdng khilm khuylt cia tku mk khdng dm th£y, khdng phit hita
du<?e b&ng khi nkng thdng thudng cia con ngudi; nQi cua tku lk nhflng hu hai mang
tinh bin chit cia tku).
- Mgi nguydn nhin khic khdng phii do I5i thuc su hay cd f cia ngudi chuydn
chd, cia dai \<f ngudi chuydn chd. Nhung trich nhiem chung minhlSi thuQc vl ngudi
chi hkng.

+ Theo I Lamburg: Xda bo hiu hit cic miln trdch, chi giOlai 1 trudng h^p duy
nhit lk chiy. Vk trich nhiem chiing minb I6i thudc vl ngudi chuydn chd, nhu vky lk
hop 11 vl anh ta lk ngudi di theo hkng hda, chtfag kiln true tilp mpi chuydn.
Cdu 17: Thdi han trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd theo 3 quy tdc?
Thdi han trich nhidm lk thdi gian vk khdng gian mk ngudi chuydn chd phii
chiu trach snhidm vl hu hdng cua hkng. h6a.
+ Theo Brascls: Ngudi chuydn chd chiu trich nhidm vl hkng h6a kI tit khi hkng
hda du$c xlp ldn tku d cing di cho din khi hkng h6a du$c d9 xudng tku tai cing din
(tackle to tackle - mdc ciu cua tku khi mdc vko kidn hkng d cing di cho din khi m6c
ciu cia tku rdi khdi kidn hkng d cing din) trong dilu kidn hkng h6a du$c dflt xudng
m^t cich an tokn.
+ Theo Hamburg: Ngudi chuydn chd chiu trich nhidm vi hkng hda tfir khi nhan
hkng b cing xlp cho din khi giao song hkng hda b cing dd hkng quy djnh. Cu thi da
nhin hkng khi anh tra nhan hkng til mdt trong nhflng ngudi gii hkng, ngudi thtfy mat
ngudi guri hkng hokc co quan cd thin quyln hoic ngudi thtf 3 mk theo lukt Id cia
cing dd hkng phii nhan til tay ngudi dd; da giao hkng khi giao hkng cho m$t trong
nhflng ngudi sau day: Ngudi nhan hkng haoc khi ngudi chuyinhkng dS. dflt hkng hda
dudi su dinh doat cia ngudi nhan hkng phi hop vdi h^p ddng, luat Id, tip quin cing
hokc khi ngudi chuydn chd giao cho co quan cd thim quyln, ngudi thtf ba mk theo
12
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong
Bookbooming
u n p t o m e n v a n n f a
luat 16, qui dinh tai cang d6 thi hang phdi giao cho ngudi d6, nhu vay thdi han trach
nhiem da dugc md rdng hon so vdi Bruscls.
Cdu 18: Gi&i han trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyin chfftheo 3 quy tdc?
Gidi han trdch nhiem la sd' tito t6'i da md ngudi chuy6n chd phai bdi thucmg cho
mot t6n tha't trong trdch nhi6m, gid tri hdng hda khdng dugc k6 khai trong vto don
hay chung tir van tai. Niru gid tri hdng hdo dugc k6 khai thi se bdi thudng theo gid tri
ke khai mdt khi tdn that say ra trd trudng hop chu hdng chung minh dugc rang gid tri

thuc te' cua hdng hoa Idn hon gia ti kft khai thi se b6i thudng theo gid tri hgp ddng.
+ Theo Brussels: gidi han trach nhiem la mdt sd' tidn khdng vugt qua 100 bdng
anh cho 1 kien hdng ho(ic 1 don vi hang h6a. Hiftn nay, Anh quy dinh 200 bdng/kidn
hdng; Mi quy dinh 500$/ kien hdng.
+ Theo Visby: gidi han trdch nhiem Id mdt sd tidn khdng vugt qud 10.000
Franc vdng cho 1 ki6n hdng hodc 1 don vi hdng h6a; hay 30 Franc vdng/kg gdm ca bi
tuy theo each nao cd loi cho chu hang. (Franc vdng c6 65,5mg vdng d6 nguyen chat
900/1000)
Visby da dua vdo cdhc tfnh don vi hdng h6a bdi thudng khi hdng hoa dugc chd
trong container hoac efing cu vto tai tuong tu. Visby qui dinh: n6'u e6 k6 khai tren vto
don cdc bao gdi, ki6n nho ddng trong container thi cdc bao gdi, kien nho d6 dugc tfnh
la don vi de bdi thudng; ndu khdng k6 khai B/L thi ta't ca container chi dugc tuih Id 1
don vi hang hda de bdi thucmg.
Nghi dinh thu SDR quy dinh 666,675 SDR/ don vi hdng hoa hoac 2 SDR/kg
hdng hoa ca bi, chu hdng duoc lua chon cdch tinh tuy theo each ndo eo led cho chu
hdng.
+ Theo Hamburg: Gidi han trdch nhiem la 835 SDR/ don vi hdng hda hoac 2,5
SDR/kg hdng hda ca bi tuy theo cdch tinh nao cd loi.
Qudc gia nao khdng phai la thanh vien cua IMF va luat qudc gia khdng cho
phep sir dung SDR thi cd the sir dung dcm vi monedaiy unit - MU de tinh gidi han
trach nhiem. Cu the 12.500 MU/kien hoac 37,5 MU/kg hdng hda ca bao bi, tiiy chu
hang lua chon, 1MU cd 65,5 mg/vang vdi dd nguyen chat 900/1000.
Viftc tinh sd lugng kien hay don vi hdng hda bdi thudng khi hang hda ddng
trong container va cdng cu chuyen chd tuong tu, gid'ng nhu Brussels, Visby.
Di&n tift'n bd la nft'u ban than vd container hoac cdng cu vto chuy&i tuong tu
md khdng thudc sd huu cua ngudi chuyen chd hoac khdng do ngudi chuyen cho eung
cap thi se duoc tinh la mdt don vi hang hda bdi thucmg trong trudng hop bi mdt mat
hoac hu hdng.
Cdu 19: Pham vi dp dung cua quy tac Brusels, Visby, Hamburg?
- Cdng itdc Brusels duoc dp dung cho ta't ca cac van don phdt hanh tai nude

tham gia cong udc.
- Nghi dinh thu Visby dugc dp dung cho moi vto dcm liftn quan den viftc
chuyen trd hang hoa giGa cac cang cua 2 nude khac nhau trong cdc trudng hop:
+ Vto don duoc. cSp b 1 nude tham gia cdng udc.
+ Hang hda duoc chuyen trd tir 1 cang cua mot nude tham gia cdng udc.
13
Dai hoc Ngoai thu’O’ng
Bookbooming
Brtpfoiar0R V$RT ±r
+ Hgp d6ng hay van dcm cd din chifeu tdi c6ng udc hoac luat 1ft qudc gia chip
nhto cdng udc lam ngudn luat dilu chinh.
- Cdng udc Hamburg dp dung cho tit ca cdc hop d6ng chuyfen chd htog hda
bang dudng bifen gifia 2 nude khi:
+ Cing bo'c hay cing dd hing nim d nude tham gia cdng udc.
+ 1 trong cic cing dd hing lua chon qui dinh trong hgp ddng chuyfen chd hing
hda li cang dd hing thuc tfe', li cing thuQc nude tham gia cdng udc.
+ Van don hoic chung tir khic li chting nhto cho chuyfen chd hing hda bing
dudng biln dugc phit hinh til 1 nude tham gia cdng udc.
- Vto don hay hop ddng cd phto dto chiiu dfeh cdng udc hoic phip luat cua
qudc gia chip nhto cdng udc lim ngufin luit dilu chinh.
Cdu 20: Thu tuc thdng bdo tdn thd't theo quy tdc Brusels, Visby, Hamburg?
Thdng bio tdn thit li thu tuc thdng bio btog vto bin cua ngudi nhto hing
trong dd ndi ro tinh trang tdn thit cua hing hda dl-gid cho ngudi chuyfen chd trong
mdt khoing thdi gian nhit dinh dl bio luu quyin khifeii nai vdi ngudi chuyfen chd.
+ Ddi vdi t6n thit ro rfet:
Tdn thit ro rfet li nhung tdn thit cd thi nhln thiy dugc bang mit thudng nhu dd
vd, bao bl rich. Ngudi nhto hing lap bifen bin dd hing (Cargo outturm report - COR)
do cing vi nguyfen nhto lip bifen bin dd ghi rd tfen hing, sd vto dcm vi trtnh trang tdn
thit cua hing hda, phii cd chu.ky cua thuyin trudng trong thdi han sau:
- Trudc hoac vio Me giao hing, theo quy tic Brussels, Visby.

- Khdng mudn hon ngiy lim vifec sau ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhto hing

theo quy tic Hamburg.
+ Ddi vdi tdn thit li khdng ro rfet:
Tdn thit khdng rd rfet li nhQng tdn thit khd phit hifen dugc bang mit thudng

hay nhfing nghi ngd cd tdn thit. Trong trudng hgp niy phii thdng bio tdn thit bang
cich giii mdt thu du khing (Letter of reservation) cho ngudi chuyfen chd hoac dai ty
cua ngudi chuyfen chd trong thdi gian:
- 3 ngiy kl td ngiy giao hing, theo quy tic Brussels vi Visby.
-15 ngiy lifen tuc k6 tit ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhto theo quy tac Hamburg.
Cdu 21: Khieu nai vdi ngudi chuyen char?
+ Ngudi cd quyin khifeii nai li ngudi cim vto dcfn mdt cich hgp phip, gdm cd:
Ngudi giao, nhto hing hda.
Ngudi cim vto dcm
Ngudi bio hilm, theo nguyfen tic &£ quyin.
+ Hd so khieu nai bao gdm:
- Vto don hdan hio da xep.
- Hda don thuoug mai.
- Phifeii ddng gdi.
- Bifen bin kfe toan nhto hing vdi tiu, cd ghi rd sd lugng hing hio, thtra thifeu so
vdi hda dcm thucmg mai.
- Giiy chting nhto hing thifeu.
14
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong
Bookbooming
BrtPftRm0RV$RT&3
- Bifin bin d6 vd vk hu hong.
-Thudukhang.
- Bifin ban giam dinh.

- Gia'y tor khdc dl chiing minh 16i cua ngudi chuy6n chd.
Tiiy tinh trang d6 v5 khac nhau mk ngudi khie'u nai lap hd so nham dam bao
ngudi chuy6n ch'd se b6i thudng.
+ Thdi han khilu nai:
- Theo Brussels la 1 nkm kl tir ngky giao hkng vk kl tir ngky hdng hoa ding le
duoc giao.
- Theo Visby lk 1 nkm kl tit ngay giao hkng vk kl tfir ngky hkng hda ding le
duoc giao, ngoai ra hai ben c6 thi thoa thukn dl keo dki them.
- Theo Hamburg lk 2 n3m kl tir ngky giao hkng va kl tit ngky hkng hda dang le
duoc giao.
Cdu 22: Die'u khoang vi tdu trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen?
Trong hop ddng thue tku phii ghi ro:
- Tdn tku, qudc tich.
- Sd hieu cua tau
- Tudi tku
- CSfp hang cua tau
- Trong tai tinh trong tii tokn phSn
- Dung tich dang kjr, dung tfch to£in phan, dung tfch chtia hkng.
- Trang thie't bi trfin tku
- Sd luong thuyln vifin.
Ngudi chuyen chd thudng mudn duoc giu quyen tahy thi con tku bang 1 con

tku khkc, nhung khi thay chu tku phii bko trudc va dim bao con tku thay the' dd cd
nhttng dac dilm ky thuat tuong tu nhu tau da quy dinh trong hop ddng.
Cdu 23: Die'u khoan ve hdng hoa trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen?
Trong hop d6ng phai ghi ro:
- Ten hkng
- Loai bao bi
- Sd luong hang h6a: ghi cu thi hokc ghi theo dung sai.
Ty le dung sai lk do thuyln trudng c6ng b6" vi vky: Niru kh6ng du hkng dl xlp

thi chu hkng vin phai tri cuoie phf khdng. Niru du hkng mk khong chuyen chd he't thi
chu hang co quyln khie'u nai, d&i hoi b6i thudng nhQng chi phf phdt sirih lien quan
din viec tku bo hkng lai.
Cku 23: Dilu khoan ve thdi han tku den cang xlp hang trong hop d6ng thue tau
chuyen?
- Thdi han tku din cang x€p hang nh|n hang dl chd theo quy dinh cia hop
ding, g6m co tku phai din dung thdi han, dia dilm va trong tu thi san skng nhkn hkng
dl xep.
- Co 2 ckch quy dinh: Lk 1 ngay cu thi
15
Dai hpc Ngoai thirang
4 3 s
Bookbooming
Bftp t o m0R v t o t&j
LI 1 khoing thdi gian
- Nfe'u tiu din trade han thdi han qui dinh thi chu hing khOng budc phai giao
hing vl khdng phai chiu mdt chi phf nlo hit. Cdn nlu chip nhln giao sdm thi rui ro
xay ra do I6i cua ngudi giao hing thi ngudi giao hing phii chiu vl tuorng tu vdi ngudi
chuy6n chd.
- Niru tiu din sau thdi han quy dinh thi chu hing cd quyin huy hop ddng
chuyfen chd, ngly cudi cClng cua thdi han eung II ngly huy hop ddng (cancelling
date). Thuc tl chu hing cd huy hop ddng hay khdng c6n tfiry thudc vio thdi han cua
hop ddng thuong mai, thdi han cua L/C.
- Cd thi ty hop ddng theo dilu kien:
+ Prompt: Tiu se dfen cing xfejp hing vii 3 ngly sau khi ty kfet hgp ddng.
+ Promptissimo: Tiu se dfen cing xfep hing ngay trong ngly ty hop ddng.
+ Spot prompt: Tiu se dfen cing vli gid sau khi ty hop ddng.
- Tiu duoc coi II din cing khi th6a man 2 dilu kien sau:
+ Tiu dac&p vio ciu cing qui djnh ho3c da dfen vilng thuong mai cua cang quy
dinh.

+ Tiu da sin sing moi dac dilm ky thuat cho vifec xfep hing.
+ T&u da trao thdng bio sain sing xfep dd - Nor, notice of readiners - cho ngudi
thufe tiu hay ngudi gdi hing 1 cich thfch hop.
Cdu 24: Quy dinh vi cdng xip hdng, cdng dd hang trong hop ddng thui tau?
- Quy dinh cu thi cing nlo, ciu cing sd mly. Trong trudng hop qui djnh nhilu
cing xfep, cing bde thi phii qui dinh them thti tu dia Vf cua cing xip, cing bdc.
- Cing xfejp dd hing lu<5n phii 11 cing an toin: an tdan hing hii 14 phai cd dd
slu phu hop dl cho tiu ra vao an toin vl luOn ndi an toin vl chfnh tri II phii khdng
cd chiln tranh, chiln su xay ra.
- Dl md rdng quyin han cua minh vl cing xip dd hing hda, chu tiu thudng
dua thfem vio hop ddng ciu "hoSc nci nlo gin dly ml tiu cd t hi din dugc mdt cich
an toin vl ludn ludn dau ndi" vio hop ddng thi chu hing nfen thuong lugng gach bd
doan nly khi ty kit hgp ddng.
Cdu 25: Qui dinh vi chi phi xep dd hdng hda trong hap ddng thui tau
chuyin?
- Cd mdt sd cich qui dinh chi phf xfep do hing:
+ Theo dilu kifen tau chd (liner terms) tuc II chi phf xip dd thudc vl ngudi
chuyfen chd nfen khdng qui djnh mtfc thudng phat xfep dd nhanh cham.
+ Mifen ca chi phf xip va dd cho ngudi chuyfen chd (FIO), ngudi thufe tiu phii
chiu cl 2 chi phf nly, edn 2 chi phf khlc II sap xip vl san cio thi cin qui dinh cu thi
hon.
+ Mifen chi phf xip hing cho ngudi chuyfen chd (FO) nhung anh ta phii chiu chi
phf xfep hing d cang din.
- Vifec lua chgn dilu kifen chi phf xfep, dd nlo trong hgp ddng thufe tiu chuyin
trudc hit phii phu thudc vao dilu kifen co sd giao hing trong hgp ddng mua bln ngoai
thuong.
16
Dai hoc Ngoai thirang
Bookbooming
Bftp t e mfiR VftR TO3

- Muc dfch cua vific lira chon:
- Trinh phai tri chi phf xe'p dd 2 ldn cho ngudi chuyen chd.
- Trinh tri cudc phf khfing thu6c trdch nhiem cua mlnh.
- ThuSn loi cho viec 16 chtic x6p dd hkng 6 cing nude ngoki.
- kiem ngoai te.
Cdu 26: Dieu khodn cudc phi vd thanh todn cudc pM trong hap dSng thui
tdu?
Mtfc cudc la sd tiln mk ngudi thue tku phii tri cho ngudi chuydn chd cho viec
van chuyln hang hda hoSc dich vu lien quan d£n v|n chuydn.
Ngudi thue tku vi ngudi chuyen chd thda thukn vdi nhau nhung ndi dung:
- Mfic cudc tinh cho 1 dcm vi hang hda.
- Ddng tiln tfnh cudc.
- Don vi tfnh cudc t&y theo thfnh chit cia hing.
- Sd luong hkng hda tinh cudc: Cd thi lk 1 sd luong thuc 6 cing di thi hien trtn
van don hoac 1 sd luong thuc giao d cing de'n.
- Thdi gian dl thanh todn cudc phi:
+ Cudc phf tri trudc duoc thanh todn tai cing x£p hing sau khi ngudi chuyen
chd phdt hinh vin don hoac sau 1 vki ngky.
+ Cirdc phf tri sau: 1) Cudc phf thanh tdan vko Me bit ddu dd hing; 2) cudc phf
duoc thanh tdan cilng Idc vdi viec dd hang; 3) cudc phf duoc thanh todn sau khi dd
hang; 4) cudc phf duoc giao khi hing hda duoc giao thuc su vi ddng dan.
+ Thuc t£ lk cudc phf duoc tri 1 phdn tai cing xip hkng, 1 phdn d cing dd hkng
va phdn cdn lai sau khi da thuc su dd xong.
Cdu 27. Trinh bay cdc ndi dung thuong phat xip dd trong hap dSng thui
tdu?
+ Thdi gian xe'p dd:
Thdi gian x€p dd cd thi qui dinh lk 1 sd ngky cu thi.
Thdi gian xep dd cd thi qui dinh bang mile xe'p dd cho tokn tku hoac cho tfimg

mang trong 1 don vi thdi gian.

Quy dinh theo tap qudn cua cing: Qui djnh nhu thi lk x&t chung chung nhir
cang nhanh ckng tdt, nhanh nhu tku cd cd thi giao vk nhan. Khi dp dung cdn xem x6t
mvtc xe'p dd cua cing la bao nhiSu, vk khi ap dung cdch nky thi khdng chu y den che'
d6 thudng phat xe'p dd.
+ Don vi tfnh thdi gian xfi'p dd
Ngky lien tuc bao gdm ci ngky thu: biy, chu nhat, ngay le.
Ngky 1km viec: Khdng gdm ngky thtf biy, chu nhat, ngky le.
Ngky 1km viec 24 gid: Nghla lk cur du 24 ti£ng ikm vi6c lien tuc thi tfnh lk 1
ngay kl ci ngky hay dem.
Ngky lam viec thdi tie't tdt: Cd 2 cdch qui dinh 1) WWDSHEXEU 1a ngky tdt
trdi lam viec 24 tie'ng lien tuc kli6ng tfnh chu nhat ngky le dfi cd lam hay kh6ng; 2)
WWDSHEXUU la ngay tdt trdi lam viec 24 tie'ng lien tuc khdng kl chu nhat va ngky
If trir khi cd lam.
17
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong
Bookbooming
BZ iPtoffldR VflH Tjb
+ M6'c tfnh thdi gian xftp htog lk 1 khoing thdi gian k£ tilt khi trao NOR va
chSp nhto: ngudi gvrihtog chi cha'p nhto NOR khi c6 3 difiu kito sau:
Tiu da cflp vio vilng hoac cdu cang theo dung qui dinh cua hop d6ng.
Tau da lim xong thi tuc vto cing.
Trang thiftt bi xftp dd hdm qudy htog da sdh stog di xftp dd.
+ Thucmg phat xftp dd nhanh cham:
- Thucmg xftp dd nhanh li khoan tiftn mi chu tto phii tri cho ngudi thuft tiu khi
thdi gian xftp dd nhanh hon thdi gian qui dinh trong hop ddng.
Miic thudng b tog tiln phat xftp dd cham.
Sd tiftn thucmg btog muc tito thudng x thdi gian dirge thudng.
Thdi gian dugc thudng: Cho toto b6 thdi gian tift't kiftm dugc k! ci chu nhat
ngiy 16 hoto chi thudng cho thdi gian lim viftc ti€t kiem dugc.
- Phat xftjp dd chtoi: Ngudi thuft tiu phii tri cho ngudi chuyftn chd mOt sd tiftn

vl thdi gian xftjp dd cham hon so vdi qui dinh trong hgp d6ng.
Nguyftn tic phat: Btog 2 Ito thudng, vi da phat thi luftn bj phat dii li chu nhat
vi ngiy1ft.
- Thdi gian thudng phat dua vio bing tinh thdi gian xftp dd.
Cdu 28: Truong hop hai tau dam nhau eung cd ldi?
Trudng hgp 2 tiu dim nhau cilng cd ldi thi viftc phto chia trdch nhiftm li theo
trdch nhiftm chfto; Ngudi chu tau A se bdi thudng cho chu hing B vi chu htog B se
bdi thudng cho chu tiu A; ngudi chu tiu B se bdi thudng cho chu htog A di chu htog
A bdi thudng cho chu tiu A.
Chirong 3: Chuyftn chd hing hdo bang container
Cdu 29: Cdc dinh nghia ve Cont, cdc loai cont?
Dinh nghia container: li m<Jt cdng cu chila hing, hinh khdi hdp chO nhat btog
gd hoto btog kim loai, cd kfch thudc tiftu chuln hda dung dugc nhi£u ldn vi cd stic
chira ldn. Theo ISO container li mflt c6ng cu vto tii chtfa htog cd nhtrng dac di&n
sau:
1. C6 hinh ddng cd dinh & bto chic Ai si dung dugc nhi&i lto.
2. Cd cto tao dac biftt di thuto lgi cho viftc chuyftn chd bing mQt hoac nhilu
phucmg thiic vto tii.
3. Cd thiftt b] riftng di xip x£p, thay ddi tilt cdng cu vdn tii niy sang cdng cu
vto tii khde.
4. Cd cdu tao dac biftt dl thuto tiftn cho viftc nh6i htog vio vi rut htog ra.
5. Cd dung tfch khdng nhd hon lm\
Chu
* Container khflng phai li bao bl tuy nd cd chtfc ntog cua bao bl.
* Khdng phai li cdng cu vto tii, dugc sir dung d$c lap vdi c6ng cu vto tai nhu
mdy bay, tiu hda
Cdc loai Container:
1. Cto cu: vio vit liftu chft' tao Container.
* Container btog thftp
18

Dai hoc Ngoai thirang
Bookbooming
Bfrp fin m& n v $ e r f a
* Container blng nhdm
* Container blng g6 cao phan tit
2. C5n cii v&o d5c die’m Container:
* Container md dinh
* Container md su6n
* Container lanh
* Container bio fin
3. Can cti vSo kfch thudc: 6 loai chinh: 1 A, B, C, D, E, F.
4. Can cii theo c6ng dung:
* Container chd hing Mch h6a
* Container Chd hing long
* Container chd hing rdi khd
* Container dac biet
Cdu 30: Cdc giai doan phdt triin Container?
C6 th£ chia l&m 3 hoac 4 giai doan:
N£u chia lkm 3 giai doan: 1920 -1955; 1956 -1966; 1967 - nay.
NSu chia lim 4 giai doan: 1920 - 1955; 1956 - 1966; 1967 -1980; 1981 - nay.
1. Giai doan 1920 -1955:
* 1921: Container bat diu duoc sir dung trong vSn tii dudng sit d My.
* 1929: Duoc sir dung trong van tai dudng sic d Anh vk Chau Au.
* 1933: d Chau Au thlnh lap van phong van tai Container d£ quin ly vSn tii
blng dudng sit.
* Trong chife'n tranh the gidi 2 Container phdt trien khi nhanh d My, hai quan
My dung connese box d£ van chuydn vu khf, quan trang.
* D£n 1950 My c6 100.000 connese box.
* Container chu yft'u duoc sir dung trong giai doan nky li Container loai nlio
(sure chd td'i da 5T, dung tfch chtia hing l-3m3, v& duotc sir dung trong van tai dudng

sat ndi d|a.
’ 2. Giai doan 1956-1966:
*Ul thdi ky bit dSu cich mang Container h6a.
* ip dung ngky cang nhi£u Container loai ldn theo tifeu chudn ISO.
* Md rdng chuyen chd Container thdi gian van tii qud'c t£
* Bit diu xua't hifen tau chd Container.
* 1956 tiu chd Container diu tien ra ddi.
* 1958 My cd 137.000.
* 1960 Chau au cd 280.000 Container.
1A
Dii 40 feet = 12190 mm2
Rdng = cao = 8feet = 2435mm2
Trong tii tinh/ to&n bd: 27/30
Dung tfch = 61m3
1C
Dii 20 feet = 6055 mm2
Rdng, cao = 8 feet
18/20
30,5m3 (20 feet = 1TEU)
19
Dai hoc Ngoai thirarig
Bookbooming
BiftP t e ®QR v a n TO3
* 1961 xua't hifin mdt sd tuy6n chuyda chd Container dSu tidn gifla New York -
Los Angeles - Sanfransico.
* 1966 hinh thinh tuyg’n chuydn chd Container Qudc td' bat dciu tir USA dfin
chau au (What)
3. Giai doan 1967 d£n nay.
* dp dung ph<5 bien cac Container loai ldn theo ti6u chu&i ISO.
* Nhiiu nude da hinh thknh h6 thdng vto tii Container cua minh.

* Sit dung cdc loai cdng cu van tii, thie't bi xfip dd chuydn dimg cho Container,
cai tao vk xay dung mdi cdc cing, ga Container.
* Hlnh thknh cac. tuyfin dudng biln, dudng sat, d td phuc vu chuydn chd
Container trong ndi dia vi trdn the' gidi.
* 1967: ISO thdng qua tidu chuin hda dlu tidn 16n vfln chuydn Container loai
ldn.
* 12/1967 6 Chau Au hinh thknh cdng ty CQT - Interecotainer cd tru sd tai
Brussels phu trach chuydn chd bing container.
* 1972: Tku chuydn dung chd Container ra ddi.
* 1977: Trdn th£ gidi hlnh thknh 38 tuyfih van tii Container ndi My vdi 100

cing trfin thd gidi.
* Tit 1980 trd di tdc dd phat triin v&i tii Container ting 10% mdt nSm, cd
nhung nude d Chau a cd tdc dd phat triin van tii Container 15%/nSm.
* 1987: Dudng biln van tii duoc 65 trifru TEU
* 1990: Dudng biln van tii duoc 84 trifiu TEU
* Khdi luong hing hda di qua
cdc cing ldn trdn th£ gidi:
Roctecdam: 3,6 tridu TEU
Hamburg: 2
Cing cua My 12
Ski gdn: 0,2
Hai phdng: 0,15, tdng cing Vidt Nam 0,7
Sing: 10
H6ng kdng: 6,3
Cobd: 2,6
Cdu 31: Cdng cu vdn chuyin xep dd Container trong vdn tai da&ng biin:
1. Cdng cu van chuyin Container trong van tai dudng biin.
Cdng cu van chuyin Container trong van tii dudng biln lk tku chd Container.
Trong thuc t£, chung ta gap cdc loai Container sau:

* Tku bin Container (semi container ship): Lk tku vira chuydn chd hkng hda
bao gdi thdng thudng vira cd thi chuydnchd mdt sd luong container nhat dinh.
* Tau container kiiu t6 ong (full cellular container ship): lk tku cd cdu tao
nhiiu him gidng nhu 16 ong. di chtia container. Trdn bong cing cd thi chd duoc 2-3
ldp container. Tku cd c§xi c£u chuydn dung di phuc vu x€p dd container ldn xudng
tku.
20
Dai hoc Ngoai thifang
Bookbooming
b k p t o m t o v t o r a
* tiu container kilm LO - LO (lift on lift off container ship): L i tiu chuyen
dung dl chd container.
Phuong phip xfep dd container lfin xud'ng bing cii ciu cua tau hoac cua cdng
theo chiiu thing dung li "nang 16n, dat xudng".
* Tiu container khilu RO-RO (roll on - rolll off container ship): li tiu c6 c&'u
tao nhilu boong cd he thdng ciu din nghifing, phucmg phip xip da container 16n tiu
= may klo vi gid xe container (chassis) theo chiiu nlm ngang th6ng qua he thdng cua
mui tiu, ddi tau hoic man tiu.
* Tiu container kilm LASH (lighter aboard ship) li tiu chd mdt s6 xi lan, m8i
xi lan cd trong tii trung binh khoing 300 - 1000T.
Xi lan c6 thi chd cdc loai hing hda thdng thudng hoic chd container c6 chiia
hang.
Tiu LASH duoc goi li tiu me (Morther ship)
Xi lan duoc gpi li tiu con.
Xi lan chtfa container dugc xip da I6n xutfng tiu me theo cich ndi Hoat on -
Hoat off.
Nhfing tiu chd container cd ciu tao khdng phai t6 ong dugc goi chung li none
cellular container ship.
2. Cdng cu xip d8 container trong v3n tii dudng biln.
* Cin cd vio cdng dung ta chia lim 3 nh6m.

- Cdng cu xip dd container lfen xudng tiu cic loai cin ciu container c5 ldn.
Viet nam ding: Cin ciu giin; li loai cin ciu hifin dai nhlt cd nang suit 40 TEU/ h,
c6 thi n9ng 80 tdh/lln. Cin ciu khung.
- Cdng cu xip dd container tai cic kho bai container (container yard/ container
depot): nhu cdc cin ciu tu hinh, cin ciu chay trSn ray, xe ndng, m ly klo, gii xe
container.
- Cdng cu xfep dd phuc vu vific xip dd ra vio container tai tram nhdn tra hing
(container freight station = CFS) nhu xe ndng cd nhd (Fork lift) cd trong tai ldn, cd
thi ch6ng container len 4,5 ldn.
Cdu 32: The nao la CD (Container depot), CFS, CY, ICD (inland clearance
depot), TEU;
1. Container Yard, CY: Bai container: li nai tiln hinh giao nhdn bao quan
container cd hing vio container r6ng thudng dugc bd tri tilp gidp vdi bln container.
Diftn tfch CY phii rlt ldn, tuy theo sd lugng vi chiiu dii cua cic bln container.
2. Container Freight Station CFS: Tram giao nhdn vi ddng gdi hing le, li ndi
tiln hinh dl xip vio container vi tilp tuc chuyfen chd, hodc dd hang ra khdi container
dl giao cho ngudi nhdn hing, CFS thudng dugc xdy durng ngoii pham vi cua cing.
3. Container Depot: CD: Tram container: li nai giao nhdn, bio quin hing hda
vi bao quin container, d6ng thdi tiln hanh cic nghiep vu sira chfta container. Tram
container c6n la nai tiln hinh cdc thu tuc hai quan, kilm tra hing hda xud't nhdp khiu.
4. Inland clearance depot: ICD: Tram hai quan trong ndi dia. Tit ca cdc tram
container duoc bd tri nlm siii trong ndi dia thi dugc goi la ICD (cang kho). Viet nam
Dai hoc Ngoai thifa ng
Bookbooming
BftP HR ® 0 R V&R TfiJ
goi ICD lk cing thdng quan ndi dia, Gia lam, hkng hda nhftp vi c6 thi dem vi ICD di
d5 vk fciim tra mk khdng cSn phai kiim tra ngay tai cing.
5. TEU = 20 feet, lk mdt container loai IC.
Cdu 33: The nao ld hdng nguyen (FCL) vd giao hdng nguyen (FCUFCL)?
Hkng nguyen: (FCL; Full container load); lk nhGng Id hkng c6 khdi luong ldn

du di trong mdt hokc nhiiu container, thudng chi cd 1 ngudi gui vk 1 ngudi nhan.
Giao hkng nguydn: (FCL/FCL) bao gdm cic budc sau:
1. Chu hkng sau khi da ddng ddy hkng vko container thi giao nguyen container
da kep chi cho ngudi van tai tai bai container cua cing di (CY).
2. Ngudi chuyen chd bang chi phf cua minh phii xip len tku vk vto chuyin din
cing.
3. Ngudi chuydn chd chi phf cua minh phii dd container vk mang vi CY cua
cing de'n.
4. Ngudi chuyen chd giao container cdn niem phong cho ngudi nhan
Chu Dia diim giao hkng: Chu hkng giao cho ngudi van tii, ngudi VSn tai dai
dien cho ngudi mua CY/CY. Nhflng chi phf ddng vko container vk dd hkng ra khdi
container do chu hkng chiu.
Cdu 34: Thendo Id hdng le’: (LCL) vd giao hdng le’ (LCULCL);
Hkng IS: Less than container load, LCL: Lk nhflng Id hkng nho khdng du ddng
trong mdt container hokc lk Id hkng ldn nhung c6 nhiiu chu hkng;
Giao hkng le: (LCL/LCL) gdm cic budc sau:
1. Chu hkng le giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen chd hokc ngudi gom hkng tai CFS
(tram giao nhan ddng gdi hkng li) cfia cing di.
2. Ngudi chuyen chd chi phf cua minh ddng hkng vko container, niem phong
kep chi.
3. Ngudi chuyen chd bang chi phf cua minh xfip container len tku vk chuyen
chd noi d£n.
4. Ngudi chuy6n_chd bang chi phf cua minh dd container khdi tku vk dua d£n
CFSS cua ngudi chuyen chd hofc cing din.
5. Ngudi chuyen chd dd hkng ra khdi container vk giao cho ngudi nh&i hkng.
Chu $:
- Dia diim giao hang la CFS.
- Ngufid chuyen chd chiu nhiiu chi phf khac nhau: Chi phf, gdi, dd hkng khdi
container.
- Di tao di&i kien thukn loi cho ngudi chu hkng cung nhu ngudi chuyen chd

ngudi giao nhan diing ra kinh doanh giiri hkng 18 = container, duoc g<?i lk ngudi gom
hkng (constidator). Hp tap hop nhflng Id hkng le cua nhiiu chu hkng thknh Id hkng
h6n hop (consolidation/groupage) ddng vko container vk ti£n hknh t6 cMc chuyenchd
theo phuong phip FCL/FCL.
22
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Bookbooming
B 7iP ?m m 6R V $R T ft3
Cdu 35: The nao Id nhan le giao nguyen (LCLIFCL) vd nhdn nguyen, giao
le (FCLILCL) trong van tdi container?
NhSn le giao nguyfen: (LCL/FCL) (CFS/CY)
1. Chi hang le giao hang cho ngudi chuyfen chd tai CFS cua cang di.
2. Ngudi chuyen chc( bing chi phi cua minh dong hdng vao container, nifem
phong kep chi.
3. Ngudi chuyfen chd bang chi phf cua minh xfep container lfen tdu vd chuyfen
chd dfen ncfi den.
4. Ngudi chuyfen chd bang chi phf cua minh d9 container khdi tiu va dua tdi
CY cua cang dfe'n.
5. Ngudi chuyfenchd giao container con nifem phong kep chi cho ngudi nhan.
Chu f: Dia diem giao hang la CY. Chi phf d6ng hang vao container do ngudi
chuyfen chd chiu. Chi phi dd hang khoi container do ngudi chuyfen chd chiu.
Cdu 36: Cdc phucmg hpap giao hdng bang container? Hay gidi thick cdc
khdi niem FCL/FCL, FCLILCL, LCL/LCL, LCL/FCL?
LCL/FCL: Phucmg phap nhto le giao nguyfen.
Cdu 37: Khi mua bdn hdng ddng trong container c6 the silt dung cdc dieu
kien thucmg mai Quite te'FOB, CIF duffc khdng? tai sao?
* Cdc dilu kifen FOB, QF cd dilm giao hang Id lan can tau (diem ph&n chia
trach nhifem, dilm di chuyin quyin sd huu hdng hda).
* Con trong vdn chuyin container thi dilm giao hdng Id CY hay CFS. Nhu vdy,
giao hdng container vdi cdc dilu kien FOB, CIF la khOng phu hep vi dilm giao hang

thuc tfe' vdi dilm giao hdng trong hop d6ng Id khde nhau.
* Trdch nhiem trong hop ding vd trong thuc te cua ngudi bdn vd ngudi mua Id
khde nhau.
Trong thuc te d Viet Nam da sd cac cong ty XNK lai ding container trong cdc
dieu kien giao nhan FOB, CIF. Nhu vay trong trudng hop c6 tin thdt trong cdc doan
giua lan can tau vdi CY hoac CFS kh6ng dugc b6i thudng, tham chf cd bdo hilm.
Trong bao hilm ngudi tra chi bao hilm khi cd lgi fch bdo hilm nghia Id cd
quyen sd huu hdng hoa bi t6n tha't nhung trong giai doan giCra lan can tdu vd CY, CFS
thi ngudi mua chua cd quyin sd huu hdng hda trong khi do ngudi ban da giao hdng
cho ngudi vdn chuyin roi. Vay phai ding cac dilu kifen:
FCA thay cho FOB
CPT thay cho CFR
CIP thay cho CIF
Cdu 38: Cdc laoi cit&c pM vd phu phi trong chuyenchff hdng hda bang
container?
Cac loai cufic phi: cudc phi la khoan tiln md chu hdng tra cho ngudi van tai bao
gom ca phu pin.
Cuo'c FAK (Freight all land) cudc tinh chung cho moi loai hdng hoa:
Dai hoc Ngoai thu,o,ng
Bookbooming
©ftp t e ordR v t e tAj
* Lk loai cudc trong d6 quy dinh tit ci c5c loai hkng hda x£p trong container
dupe tfnh theo mdt mtfc cudc nhu nhau. D4y lk viec don g$n h6a viec tfnh cudc.
* Dan vi tfnh cudc c6 thi lk trpng luqmg ho|c sd lupng.
* Uu diim: Dan giin trong viec tfnh todn tiin cudc.
* Nhupc: Nhflng hkng hda cd gM trj thfifp se bi thiSt do dd phii tfnh todn moi
bi6n phip nh&m sue dung tdi da trong tii vk dung tfch cua container.
Cudc CBR (comodity box rate).
* Lk cudc tfnh theo c3p hang mat hkng xfip trong container.
* Don vi tfnh cudc lk container nhung

ip dung cho mOt s 6 mkt hkng xlc dinh
vk cd quy dinh trpng luong hkng hda tdi da cho mdi loai container.
CudcTVC:
* Lk cudc tfnh theo khdi luong container chuyen chd mtfc cudc giim din khi
khdi lupng tang.
* Lk hinh thtic giim gil cho chi hkng nhlm khuydn khfch hp giknh nhiiu hkng
hda cho chu tku.
* Cudc nky Ip dung cho nhflng hop ddng cd khdi luong ldn.
* TEU: tuong tu cudc theo 1 container. VD: 500$/container.
* FCL: Cudc hkng nguyen.
* LCL rate: Cudc hkng 16 = FCL rate LCL service charge.
* Cudc chuyen chd hkng hda trdn chkng dudng chfnh.
* Cudc chuydn chd hkng hda trdn chang dudng phu.
Cdc loai phu phf: phu phf lk nhflng phf lien quan din dich vu container.
- THC (terminal handling charge): Chi phf bin bai, Viet Nam chua thu phu phf
nky.
- LCT service charge: phu phf djch vu hkng IS.
- Phu phf nang container ldn, dat container xudng (up and down removal)
- Phu phf giao hkng IS (break bull cargo)
- Bak: phu phf dlu (B)
- Phu phf do ddng yen tang gid (yen).
- Phu phf VD(B/L, fee)
- Phu phf van chuyin dudng bd
-Phu phf luu kho luu bai
- Tiin phat dpng container.
Cdu 39: Tiin phat dong container. Gidi han trdch nhiim cia ngudi chuyin
chd dp dung cho container?
Tiin phat dpng container: lk khdan tiin mk chu hkng phii tri cho ngudi chuyen
chd do vide di hkng trontg container qud lku so vdi thdi han quy djnh.
Tiin phat dpng quy dinh cua ICD Gia Lam.

Ddi vudi hkng nhap khlu sau 1 ngky tfnh tiin phat dpng.
Ddi vdi hkng xult khlu: sau 3 ngky tfnh tiin phat dpng.
Container 20: Phat $2/ngky trong vdng 5 ngky ddi vdi container cd hkng.
Phat $l,5/ngky trong vdng 5 ngky ddi vdi container khdng hkng.
24
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong
Bookbooming
BftP t e fflSR V te T&I
Container 40: phat $3/container/ngly trong vdng 5 ngiy dd'i vdi container c6
hing.
Phat $/container/ngiy trong vdng 5 ngiy d<5i vdi container khdng c6 hing.
Tttf ngiy t uh 6 dfe'n ngly 31 phat gip 2 ldn.
TiSt ngly 32 trb di phat gip 4 lin.
Gidi han trich nhiftm cua ngudi chuyfen chd ip dung cho container.
Quy tic Hague khdng dilu chinh Van tii = container.
Hague - Visby vi Humburg diu dl cap din vin chuyin = container.
* Hing h6a ddng trong container d6ng thdi c6 kft khai B/L gdm bao nhidu kifen
hing thi m6i kifen hing dd duoc coi 11 dow vi dl tmh gidi han trdch nhifem.
* Nfiru khdng lifet kfe sd' luong hing hda trong container trong B/L thi chi coi sd'
luong hing hda dd li i don vi 1 kifen.
* Quy tic hamburg edn quy dinh thfem nlu container bi mat ma container iy
khdng do ngudi chuyfen cho eung c£p container a'y eung ducrc coi li 1 kifen (1 don vi).
Cdu 40: Hiiu qud cua vdn tdi ddi vdi ngudi vdn tdi vd chi hdng?
Hifeu qua cua van tai container ddi vudi ngudi van tii:
* Giim thdi gian xfep dd din din tang vdng quay cua phucmg tifen van tai.
* Giam chi phi diu tu mua sim phuotng tifeirvan tii cdng cu xfejp dd.
* Giim gii thinh vto tii do giim cbi phi xfejp dd, lim hing, chi phf lim hing
trong vto tii khdng dung container ldn hon 50% gii chi phf lim hing vto tii diing
container 15% gii.
* Giam nhe duoc trich nhifem ddi vdi t6n thit hing hda vl dd phai giai quyfe't

khifeu nai ddi bdi thudng t6n thit ddi vudi chu hing.
* Tao dilu kifen thuln loi cho vifec truyln tii.
Hifeu qui ciia v|n tii container vdi chu hing.
* Giim cudc phf.
* Giam chi phf bao bi
* Bio vfe hing hda an toin hon
* Rut ngin thcd gian luu thdng cua hing hda lim cho ddng vd'n quay vong

nhanh hon.
* Tife't kifem phf bio hilm
Dilu kifen dl nlng cao hifeu qua cua vifec chuyfen chd hang hda bing container.
* Cd ngudn hing ldn 6n dinh vi tuong ddi can bing gifia 2 chiiu chuyfen chd
thfch hop vdi chuyfen chd bing container (ca kinh t6 vl ky thuat).
* Cd co sd vat cha't ky thuat ddng bd vi hifen dai, khai thac cd hifeu qua cic ca
sd vat chit dd.
* Phai cd md hinh t6 chflc quin ty tifen tife'n.
Chuong 4: Gom hing vi v&n tii da phucmg thurc.
Cdu 41: Gom hdng vd loi ich cua gom hdng?
1. Gom hing:
* La viec tfip hop nhimg Id hing nho (le tir nhung ngudi giri hang thanh nhung
16 hang ldn (nguySn) dl gfti di cho cic ngudi nhto d nai dfen.
25
Dai hoc Ngoai thirong