Câu điều kiện

Câu điều kiện
1. Điều kiện có thể thực hiện được (điều kiện có thực hay điều kiện
dạng I)
Câu điều kiện có thực là câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt một hành
động hoặc một tình huống thường xảy ra (thói quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong
tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đều chính được thoả mãn. Nếu nói về tương
lai, dạng câu này được sử dụng khi nói đến một điều kiện có thể thực hiện
được hoặc có thể xảy ra.
TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION)
Ex: If he tries much more, he will improve his English.
If I have money, I will buy a new car.
THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL)
Ex: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the
affternoon.
I usually walk to school if I have enough time.
MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND)
If + S + simple present tense ... + command form of verb +
...
if + S + simple present tense ... + simple present
tense ...
If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
2. Điều kiện không thể thực hiện được (điều kiện không có thực hay
điều kiện dạng II, III)
Câu điều kiện không có thực dùng để diễn tả một hành động hoặc một
trạng thái sẽ xảy ra hoặc đã có thể xảy ra nếu như tình huống được đặt ra
trong câu khác với thực tế đang xảy ra hoặc đã xảy ra. Câu điều kiện không
có thực thường gây nhầm lẫn vì sự thực về sự kiện mà câu thể hiện lại trái
ngược với cách thể hiện của câu: nếu động từ của câu là khẳng định thì ý
nghĩa thực của câu lại là phủ định và ngược lại.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

(I am not rich) (I’m not going to travel around the world)
If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident.
(I was in a hurry) (I had an accident)
2.1 Điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại (dạng II)
PRESENT OR FUTURE TIME
If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
He would tell you about it if he were here.
If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(He speaks very quicky) (You can’t understand him)
Động từ to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi.
If I were you, I wouldn't go to that movie.
2.2 Điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ (dạng III)
PAST TIME
If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didn’t know ...) (We didn’t write you a letter)
If we hadn’t lost our way, we would have arrived sooner.
If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it.
Chú ý: rằng cũng có thể thể hiện một điều kiện không có thực mà
không dùng if. Trong trường hợp đó, trợ động từ had được đưa lên đầu câu,
đứng trước chủ ngữ. Mệnh đề điều kiện sẽ đứng trước mệnh đề chính.
Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it.
Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào cũng tuân theo qui luật trên.
Trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt, một vế của điều kiện là quá khứ nhưng vế
còn lại có thể ở hiện tại (do thời gian qui định).
If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.
LƯU Ý:
+ Unless = if … not : trừ phi
+ Bên mệnh đề có if, chữ had trong loại 3, chữ were trong loại 2 và chữ should trong
loại 1 có thể đem ra đầu câu thế cho if.

( chữ should đôi khi có thể dùng trong loại 1 với nghĩa làm cho câu mơ hồ hơn)
Ví dụ:
- If he should call, …. ( nếu mà anh ta có gọi, … ) => không biết có gọi hay không
= Should he call,…. ( nếu mà anh ta có gọi, … )
- If I were you, …
= Were I you, ….
- If she had gone there, …..
= Had she gone there,…..
Exercise : Conditional sentences
I. Put in the verbs in brackets and form Conditional sentences type I or type II. Mind the
underlined verb forms.
Example: If they learn the poem, they ________ (to get) a good mark.
Answer: If they learn the poem, they will get a good mark.
1) If you come with me, I …………..(to do) the shopping with you.
2) Walter ………….(to help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this
evening.
3) If it ……………(to rain), I will stay at home.
4) Our teacher will be happy if we …………….(to learn) the poem by heart.
5) If they had enough money, they …………….(to buy) a new car.
6) We ………………(to pass) the exam if we studied harder.
7) If Pat ……………(to repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8) She would get 100 pounds if she ……………….to sell) this old shelf.
9) If I was/were you, I …………….(to invite) Jack to the party.
10) If the weather …………………..(to be) fine, the children can walk to school.
II.Put in the verbs in brackets and form Conditional sentences type I or type II. Mind the
underlined verb forms.
Example: If they learn the poem, they ________ (to get) a good mark.
Answer: If they learn the poem, they will get a good mark.
1) If you come with me, I ………………(to do) the shopping with you.
2) Walter ……………..(to help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this

evening.
3) If it …………….(to rain), I will stay at home.
4) Our teacher will be happy if we ……………(to learn) the poem by heart.
5) If they had enough money, they ……………….(to buy) a new car.
6) We ………………..(to pass) the exam if we studied harder.
7) If Pat ……………..(to repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8) She would get 100 pounds if she ……………..(to sell) this old shelf.
9) If I was/were you, I …………….(to invite) Jack to the party.
10) If the weather ………………….(to be) fine, the children can walk to school.
III. Put in the correct phrases and form a conditional sentence (type I, II, III). Watch the
underlined verbs.
Example: If he had studied harder, he ________________ (to pass) his driving test.
Answer: If he had studied harder, he would have passed his driving test.
1) If we meet at 9:30, we …………..(to have) plenty of time.
2) Lisa would find the milk if she ………………(to look) in the fridge.
3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ………………(to feed) the
animals.
4) If you spoke louder, your classmates …………………(to understand) you.
5) Dan ………………..(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6) You …………………..(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7) If you ……………(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8) The door will unlock if you ………………(to press) the green button.
9) If Mel …………………(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10) I ……………..(to call) the office if I was/were you.
IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I. Only use
the will-future in the main clauses. Mind the negations in the sentences.
Example: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk.
Answer: If I go to the café, I will not drink milk.
1) If it …………..(to rain), the children ……………..(not/to go) for a walk.
2) If she ………. (not/to read) the novel, she …………(not/to pass) the literature test.

3) If I ………….(not/to argue) with my father, he ……………(to lend) me his motorbike.
4) If we ……………..(to take) the bus, we ……………(not/to arrive) in time.
5) If Dick ……………….(not/to buy) the book, his friends ……………(to be) angry with
him.
6) If Tom ………..(not/to tidy up) his room, Victoria ……….(not/to help) him with the
muffins.
7) If the boys ………….(not/to play) football, the girls ……….(not/to come) to the
football pitch.
8) If you …………..(to eat) too much junk food, you …………….(not/to lose) weight.
9) If I ……………….(not/to make) breakfast tomorrow morning, my girlfriend
……………..(not/to love) me anymore.
10) If they ………………..(not/to hurry), they …………….(not/to catch) the train.
VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type III. Mind
the negations in the sentences.
Example: If I _______ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk.
Answer: If I had gone to the café, I would not have drunk milk. or
If I'd gone to the café, I wouldn't have drunk milk.
1) If you ……………(to check) the car, it …………..(not/to break) down in the middle of
the desert.
2) If it …………….(not/to rain), the children ………….(to play) outside.
3) If my parents ……………(not/to be) so tired, they …………….(to watch) the film on
TV.
4) If she …………….(to buy) a new hard disk, she …………..(not/to lose) all data.
5) If we …………..(to use) the town map, we …………..(not/to get) lost.
6) If Tom ……………..(to eat) more salad, he ………………(not/to catch) a cold.
7) If the police ……………..(not/to stop) me, I ……………….(to reach) you in time.
8) If his older brother …………….(not/to drive) so fast, he ………………(not/to crash)
into the other car.
9) If Fred …………….(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher …………….(not/to phone) his
father.

10) If I ……………..(not/to switch off) the radio, I ………………(to know) about the
second goal.
VII. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I. Only
use the will-future in the main clauses. Mind the position of the if-clause.
Example: Thomas ________ (not/to catch) the bus if he _________ (to get up) late.
Answer: Thomas will not catch the bus if he gets up late. or
Thomas won't catch the bus if he gets up late.
1) If you ……………..(to dive) into this river, you ………………..(to hurt) yourself.
2) If the sun ……………..(to shine), the children …………….(to play) outside.
3) Richard …………….(to walk) to school if he ……………(to miss) the bus.
4) Emily ……………(to buy) the cola if you …………….(to pack) the picnic basket.
5) If I ……………..(to be) in Venice, I …………….(to rent) a boat.
6) Michael's teacher …………….(to phone) his parents if he …………….(to write) text
messages during the lesson.
7) If she …………….(to answer) this question correctly, she …………..(to get) an extra
point.
8) My sister …………..(to be) angry if I ……………..(to turn) on the music too loud.
9) Your room ……………..(to look) much tidier if you ……………(to keep) your hamster
in the cage.
10) If we …………..(to surf) the Internet, we …………..(to find) a lot of information
about Loch Ness.
VIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type II. Mind
the position of the if-clause.
Example: Thomas ________ (not/to buy) a new car if he _________ (to win) won 20,000
Euros.
Answer: Thomas would not buy a new car if he won 10,000 Euros. or
Thomas wouldn't buy a new car if he won 10,000 Euros.