10 kĩ năng đặt câu hỏi của giáo viên

10 kĩ năng đặt câu hỏi của giáo viên
 !"
#$%&'()#*+,-.-,/0!1
234/5&6/7/8%#9/:64%;0
<!"<&'(/=%: #>.: +?/@
A&B&0/;(/ / /C@67%D/0&
0%(/ /C!
1. DỪNG LẠI SAU KHI ĐẶT CÂU HỎI
EMục tiêu
"3:0<FG04%H!
'00D8I8!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
J(0H<F/ >0(%!
ECách thức dạy học
KL*+,(0(/MNOPQR<S0/'00!
TI/5H/'00%(0<0L(0(/MN
2. PHẢN ỨNG VỚI CÂU TRẢ LỜI SAI CỦA HỌC SINH
EMục tiêu
U04'M%(G0H!
"@03'899<30/$!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
V%.%(0G0H: B%<00>D0W
X%3W%->%H)00H0
/!
X%3WYH%4<>/'M)H&/'M44
: :'80!
ECách thức dạy học
K70%G0H#@>%(0O30G0
2S!
"@80H%(#ZW)#0&I@+ <
'+<G0H!

[*+,%(G0H/ <H,36!
3. TÍCH CỰC HÓA TẤT CẢ HỌC SINH
EMục tiêu
"'(300G0H7>H\!
"@3)#Z.H!
ETác dụng đối với học sinhW
X /'M9H%'93'H%4<L6
/:+>N!
V/'MH003H0/H\!
ECách thức dạy học
K]#5'.#%:.HWLC^/'M'M
/'MH/ %(N!
KHH@+@H;# !
"6I:!
T: H_H0!
4. PHÂN PHỐI CÂU HỎI CHO CẢ LỚP
EMục tiêu
"'(300G0H7>H\!
K%L(0:G0N!
"0</$)`LE%(N
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
T;a-8%(G00!
X%.%(G00!
YH\;a0036%(G0!
ECách thức dạy học
K]#5'./'00%(DO9&:-%(&
:-%0!T%A&+? &B;S!KH:G0
%/G%.C4<!
VH&'(M:/'00%.C4<!
VHH: *+,%*I!!

KDb-H&;aH,/H
c4D.!
5. TẬP TRUNG VÀO TRỌNG TÂM
EMục tiêu
K;H /MH#H)706%(!
Vb,>@H/'00%(LC)#N&%()
/;!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
YH%<F&>00:4Ld$NG0!
T:8/ #!
YHCL2#'.N
ECách thức dạy học
K]#5'./'0H, &_M.nội
dung chínhG0#H
D.:: /'00Ma%(!!
"'(M-H)%(/'M&$H%
:!
K+30/:%(G0H/ /!"<
tránh đưa ra các câu hỏi vụn vặt, không có chất lượng!
6. GIẢI THÍCH
EMục tiêu
U04'M%('0I!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
YH/'00%(I8!!
ECách thức dạy học
K: /0<H/'0)!
7. LIÊN HỆ
EMục tiêu
U04'M%(I/8@G0#H&
 D67>'+<!

ETác dụng đối với học sinh
K;H 8#H)7066.!!
ECách thức dạy học
K<H6%(G0>./eHG0
)H)H:70!
8. TRÁNH NHẮC LẠI CÂU HỎI CỦA MÌNH
EMục tiêu
K%L(0:N!
";/]<3003G0H!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
YH;aC(:8!
T:-(0/ H%(8
"0038H0/%\!
ECách thức dạy học
K]#5'.:A&B;&+,$M
/e9!
9. TRÁNH TỰ TRẢ LỜI CÂU HỎI CỦA MÌNH
EMục tiêu
"'(300G0H!
Y@300G0!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
YH300H0/H\'<F/ %#\&%
\&# / >f!
";/]<3'8WH.&H.H!
ECách thức dạy học
K@03'80H.H(H)#5/8/6!
U:H'0A&I/5Hb@!
T%+? &_M.>/H&.+#H!D.
<H%(-.&>/:%:D
6.=H/e/'MH/'M23

D!
10. TRÁNH NHẮC LẠI CÂU TRẢ LỜI CỦA HỌC SINH
EMục tiêu
X )>:3'80H.H&'(/\G0
H!
K%(0:G0!
ETác dụng đối với học sinh
X %00H0/%\\Bg%(G00!
";/]<H3>0%(I!
ECách thức dạy học
 //'M%(G0H/;0<'0/;&I/5
H\Bg-%(G0#@&0/:e<\!
Giao tiếp bằng ánh mắt trong lớp học
K'(-h\&-3\&-:7CG0H.
H4-4/-!T4/-<<<034#@0
0H0H.0!
i=#Z(:G00&<'(7/
)/;-70HG00)G0HG0H!
j0@G00)*+,b/ <-/@)
!)b'86:/@/D.%H&<H
*+,(0.H*+,/)b/ >&>#%&>
70*0$&/%b):,/70.H!
J'./<D/-;0+,W
LT>N):+,&')+_7)#@^9
#0#H0!
"\0ke/@.H70/0#Zb0<2
/!Ye<.'.H/:H#ZbH#'.k!
"%\3.H&)>&>#%0<>
V#$H#b/&/70kH& 0BCH/el'0
Q/e9'0&#;/e0<'0&/6@+//eb'0!K:

 #H/el'0)70>#07.H!
TDb%G0#H)+_(:!m0HbCH&
/#6H/0>#<## ! a# 6G034
\!
K0D#Zb):F0>ZZ!U-H: 4<
>0<#46>ZZ+/:H%/
4\#H!
K0D#Zb):F0>0'#b0
H.0Q/-<):#467%!"(00#Z
b2P/R<!
V<H*+,b/ 0H6C:!
TI0Z:D@@^0aF0G0bH
\/'M/00G0H@/:!
"6(03d3.)/6, )70bn!
o)CM&<H/)).aG0H!
[*+,3B;#Zb'/-I!
TI/5(H'9@#Zb!
U/-/<+'('4A&430@G0B*
'(+#]&+ C(0!U'e<70#%
#@&70#@/c6&70HG0#@0/ 6
070b#%H!
Giúp học sinh suy nghĩ trong giờ học
V003#H.&H^ #8&b#8.
8!T>\<6;H\B<+3#64
70HG0!"#+'./<;)D/'00#@0%
D'8;H,<F(.G0#@!
Luôn bắt đầu giờ học bằng một câu hỏi
U;H /'M;%<F>!Tp@'.#b
/%##@/'0W
qr00CCsC+ssCCC#CtCC0C+C0+#C0uqqr0t+#C0

sCCCC0CCCC0uqqr00CCCB0Cs00vC+
0uq
 .6G/-.G0#H'.#@ 0\G0H-G/-
/:#Zyêu cầu học viên tự mình trả lời thật nhanh một vài câu hỏi, kết hợp với so
sánh theo cặp hoặc trong nhóm!w+,'.#$H-%@&:
 <H3>%(+'./<&0/:.#@
:W
oxy0zCC0+0C!U0CxyC0++Ct
CC00C0C00C!
Khi học sinh đặt câu hỏi hãy để cho học sinh khác trả lời trước khi bạn đưa ra đáp án.
Liên tục đặt những câu hỏi trong suốt giờ học&'\<#$H.339
/@!w6/H<H80<# +?+8-
<H:!U;5./#4(^:+,4.6
;3;aG0H!U>(H0@67%0
68+\<<FG0H#@)))>%(%!
T0<4H<F-4!
"%#&4@/ 70H!'00H
.D30H+30#@/e%!Yêu cầu học sinh chọn
một đáp án thích hợp, sau đó thảo luận với nhóm của mình và phải thuyết phục làm sao
để cả nhóm đồng ý với đáp án đó!V/e(0%\&<:7</5
@0630H/!"'(:-H>0/'M//;
BC@0!
Dành thời gian cho những câu hỏi cuối mỗi giờ học!KHBC:4/-
>Ck'0 A0<)!U:>bb&C: 80<# / 
/!
Cuối buổi học giáo viên nên có một bài kiểm tra một phút!"# 0<&
<H%(0W0Sw4/-70H4(H>u#SV;#$
HC:>-+#H0<)u[0;e<@4%#
G0H/H]\!{@: *+,/:
#$H0!"G\<^<H;abC#%8&BC@9

G0;F@-#H'.#'.(H.!
U'\<+,G0#%4.!T#@*+,6/ 
+@0/ ;H00(H34!
Học thuộc dễ dàng hơn với sơ đồ cây
có ngay một sơ đồ kiến thức, vừa dễ nhìn lại vừa dễ học.
YHk/e9dMG04-#@H60<#9)%0
=:%H0!"<&=:;#@Hk+?+
86#@%ck`&]]-&/:*+,8/c</ 6D:0
!U-#@+'(6D@9C>3'>>
HC/;2&2'\<!-<44(0D)!TI.
;#0#@/e:0<8/c&20+?>@20+?H!
Phương pháp tạo sơ đồ kiến thức
j8/c<)H
"'./ \/'M8/c>#@%#>/0H+@&)
0<&0/:%b/'MaG0+#Z/H\F#9I
 A#%4G04/->#@.+?+6D/'M:C G0>!
{b/.30#!"30#470H#9:#07#+#H&+
/:#@%b#b/'M>.7/'M+C![0/:7
>B*a)!
[8/c</'M@#9&2^0,
'8.+70H^9&^
+,!{@%B/5/'M/a&/a,c/-
0'8/'M!">@004%8/c:
#5D.@&4:>&:H!
"/:#@=)4%;7b:&]\&>
0>H#@I0>:  /'M&/-/:=):
F0#@/'Mg]%!
Phương pháp học thuộc bằng sơ đồ
V/e:8/c'a&+? >6H.#@^+?+84-!"'.#b0<
H&#@/H'.@'M/ bZ#@)#:a70H!

H70'('M@;/!{0/^&0
>< 0,!{@=\'+<G/W
B<+38/c<&0a^):D&+/:H#@^%3
D9/:!-<;#@'+<D8+?.8#90<;HeG0>
/e%\/4-!UH,/ &9>>HC/:'H|
>^407!
J_8/c<+?>&+?H8'#@H+/ /:!"
>@'0H</e00%<00!}/c_;-
^4%p//&\: #5L)<bZ#0N!
VHB#>=%)@'(B<!U'HC&9>d)
@#@%/H@2/../'M>.8/c<&#@I'.70: b
/'Ma&0/:>e#@^%\// .,C'
!">@G70HBc/ /:&))@!J_+?.//'
)/'M)@>:=^07!
w.'8\8/c</ H<&):/ H#&/;)~
Ye<H>'8H\Ma_M.#%&/27\
8/c<4<:_M.>>:4+,6Hk/4<~
Kĩ thuật đặt câu hỏi cho một giờ lên lớp hiệu
quả
0H(.)647C/D.
'(!"</0/ </'MH<
3&G/)6)-+?+;!"#+'./<&;)^
MaD/:67%4!
Khi đặt câu hỏi cho học sinh, giáo viên nên đặt những dạng câu hỏi như sau:
Đặt những câu hỏi mang tính chất thách thức
TDb/00+k&//kH
%<F&\08'F&$M
/!V<H<FZ60#Z
;/0:&+,
B/:>D, !w+,0<

>WLr0CCBCsCCC<uNOT)G0
/>uS"@0;0)/WLr<CC0s0s•CCBCs
CCC<uNO"@0@:D•)G0/uS
9
"//:&/k%(p4/-2#@/8%
ID 0.G0H!Ye<#b/(H.%\)$#Z
/9<H>%0!"<
)/04;7>:+?<038c'\<#@^
4(0/ %):(0/ /'004/-0<\!U
9gg'.H.F\\7<@+?+5&<
H>0%()%.%(/:!)/
Z,/;H>\4/-7&'6<
/k%/c(/0/ ;H\4/-
'.%(/'M:!w+,#@: /904%\'0W
NrC0CCB0C+C0C<s+C00C!r0s0t+C0C00C€
0CuN
OT;020H<G0#6!D<8
%#6uS!
"L<CQN\+,/D/0#b/#Zt0&t<&tf
bH
"/'(>:/k%/0-,0<)\
8#%!U <'(H;;>;33
) Aa>![0/<+,W
Lr00CCsCC00UCt€0t0C•0tC+u‚C0ft0CC#CC0
#C&0+ƒCuT0tCCCUCt€0tuisCts<C0C0+0
<+UCt€0t+#CC+sC0!r00CC#CCCuN
OU</5\G0UCt'06u")D
CƒC>4/->u[0<;0: *+,/5\G0UCt/'M
)uj'(Z/5\G0UCt)+,
'(M, !w\<4/-9/<>uS

V/0.&='aW
„T(/MW[0/0&(/M'./'00%(0</0
!U0<&'(/k(0<F!
T(/M=+46G0D\/'M300%(
6>G0H!
„Y'.+`W"-'(M/H&HC&C)
A0< aG0>6(/MG0\e! 
'(M'<&D4M/c(6/H.6
:#%/ 4%H/-: >4</:&: 
2H!
70HG0#%!T;)<H.#/<#@
^:(.)$67%!
Kỹ thuật đặt câu hỏi 5W1H
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;0e<3/>0W
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T/:>u
U:/-\/4/->u
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TD<>#<4/->u
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ƒEC0>u
U,G04/-<>u!!!
rYƒ…ƒO1/uS
 w4/->#<ZF3u
 [365*<B%<09/50/ u
 w4/-<k70/F3u
 o@%+'M<'(/'Mc9/u

 {#</@u
 "> -6+,‚T"+@<H9/u
 {<><^/'M>#<:0<'..u!!!
rYƒUOVuS
[36<B%<0u
w4/-<&'./</e:0'0&u
V6<#b/B46u
V>+,‚T"#+@<u
V>>^>#<#<><u
T#'.O/-D6&\& \&fS^/'M36C(
0&%;2#'.u!!!
rY†O"@0uS
"@0%4/-<u
"@0%D@30HbB'<u
"@06<)+?0/;'+3uOr<S
"@0<\-tC#C0C!Cu
"@09F0<$0u"@0:4#@u
"@0c>H'(@#<(`)\\-
u!!!
Y‡rOU'uS
T<<@/'u
T)6<#b/'u
J3<^D#0uOYtS
T36\D <</'MD'u
[3653</e/D'86@#070&='(u
OYt0<S
XG0##b.'u
rY‡OiuS
i/e4/-<u
i,+3<u

{>#<b.+/D'Mu
V>:+,‚T"&>^0u
i^'9M+3</'MuTk0)uOrCCS
i%G0D/0+'\B)B0u
T<G0'.'.//D'Mu
T),RrxY@>4/8%'@0467%;0*+,:/;
/b&gg)!
Kỹ thuật đặt câu hỏi đào sâu, giả định và làm
rõ
T@0;>@>'+<0!T/5F0+,
0)%#0@W/&%/5A!
Câu hỏi Đào sâu
o@<;0970HG0aF0!YH: A
2#Z6!
Ví dụ
TaF0IMa9/<>u
-<:aF0>.Cu
ƒ: 9a<'u
{'.C: >u
Câu hỏi Giả định
o@<;+k% %<!o@L/->^
B%<0!!!NgH<'9'MG0>+3089>>
20H/'M!
Ví dụ
->^B%<0
/4):(u
%#9300u
T0C<6T0C€rC#kDu
Ta^%/D>u
Câu hỏi Làm rõ

o@<;B/5F0G02&6Aa!
Ví dụ
U\/@./ <'u
YH\+6'u
::%'8//\<)u
">3da'9>;:D6.0'u
Kỹ thuật đặt câu hỏi Socrat
V\/G0[0+30636/D@b:<
b![0<&HY<o@$!}Z6<6\/b
C<b;Ha'9)B/5/'M5G0
;!V36\<&3\)#>-G/-/'MH/ 
H00@![3L%(DN<;H<.
D/0/ #G0H-G/-)H!
[0\67%/ a'9!U:: /'M*+,9
H4.),.H&9-(/ 0
#H+3![*+,\<&'+</\9H/'M<H
b/'M+/eH!T'+<#\0/'M 6H<
F&%\&0e&/+#Z'+<G0>G0
'(B70!<: \.n%H
/'M<6\!
T|*+,\/[0
"\70H/ 0a;/5'.@
[*+,(0(W4Py<'.H%(
"Ca%(G0H
'00+k
":b'(B<#Z@/ 4D20/'M%\
";-H00%\D
 H3>70+k0
T+@[0+,
X'8/[0:4-@>!jD+,W

Loại câu hỏi Ví dụ
TA
ƒ:a>!!!u
ƒ: :C)u
ƒZ/4/-DAu
ƒ: +,)u
ƒ: 9/ <80)u
iˆ5D:>Z‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰u
Š0ˆ5D:>u
w4/-‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰70'/‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰u
iˆ5: +?/@@aG0>C)u
"C0ˆ54/-4D9/<>u
")D 0BC6>/e /;aG00ˆ5'0!ŠG0
0ˆ5‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰0<‰‰‰‰‰‰u
j(0‹&0: :b@>5†20:Ca G0
>)u
j(5†&0‹:b'\<:/;aG050<)u
iˆ5: )+,u
w\<+,0/<:_M)W‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰u
iˆ5: %A800<)u
T-
4
/-#0/
"@0<@70Hu
T<@:0<+?%(u
"@0CF\<u
T;0: /'00%/5+30<u
T<: +`.4/-70H)u
w\<;0> 4/-<'u
T<+30%/5>u

o6‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰: ;0 4/-<C
0<)u
o6;0: 04/-ˆ00<)u
o6<:+`/4/-0<)u
T+k&
%/5
"@0'(0@/'00%/5<u
->/0/'M%/59/<u
"0: /'00%/50<u
J'('C/0%/5‰‰‰‰‰‰!
"): /;aC)u
K%/5G00ˆ59/<>u
U)'\<&>0ˆ5%/5'u
J'('0ˆ5/0%/5Z‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰!") '\<
:/;)u
"@00ˆ5@/-/:?u
-/::/;)u"@00ˆ5@FZ%/5/:@
/;'(M<u
T> 
a+#Z

->: +,u
"@0CFZ/-/:/;u
T;0)u
ƒ: %a+H'()u
Ua+C/'00\<u
T:a+/ (#Z<)u
->C'u
T+,u
iˆ5: %a+G0>0<)u

Ua+<:0/)u
iˆ5:#4#Z)u
T;0:  /-/:'u
T+k
cD
c
<aG0C0<C4<2u
cu
iˆ5:a'9/:2/\<u
iˆ5/e#0(#5/#9'86<-)u
->0ˆ5%\'\<u
T+k
a
/
U:: <0/u
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T:0<)u
ƒa/->706<u
U/-/:B%<0&:: <0\7%>u"@0u
YaG00ˆ5>u
"/G0:: >u
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U/;'\<>k/->bb^/;0u
T-a
70/ 
T:^%c<'u
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U'(Z!!!^F>u
T:0<)u
m0/ G0!!!!!!:>D0u:>0u

T:F>-a/:u"@0u
iˆ5%('.a%/DZ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰u
T:0:a)u
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w+,-/[0
@@:*+,/[0</'M360.6#H
7>%+@<!
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[0W U:/04+@!
KW
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>%(<)u
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{D</'0@&o;'(0=:
Z(#<()@''./<!T;
0/-/e%70<:6/0h,!
KW Tk0#-)<)u
JCCW
T:@!ƒ/H/'M9#!Y>'HH/:3
4+!
KW
TC:Z>#-34+2
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#'M</0B%<0)u
YC+W
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4/-<!

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U/;'\<&0H'(4
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0H@#/'M/-<u
TW
YH:#5/ /(!YH
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KW
"CC>0H/e6<
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K0W V%xyyc@!
T0+0CW T: 80@!
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"30H/e/'M%xŒy!V 2
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4%:0H2<!
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KW
'Mc!T;0e<+;/ BC@>
020%\g!
"0%
1. Sokrates0<SocratesOY<o@W’“”•–—˜™[š›S0Y<o@$/@&
'(/'M6+0#\<-<4!E"CrC+0
"60%
V\/
 !"
#$%&'()#*+,-.-,/0!1
234/5&6/7/8%#9/:64%;0
<!"<&'(/=%: #>.: +?/@
A&B&0/;(/ / /C@67%D/0&
0%(/ /C!U@8#%0/<^;;0
 A8,/*+,0G0d@!
Câu hỏi mở và câu hỏi đóng
T/:I:%(/;&'(> 
3!T/:: /'M*+,/  03 #&<'(H)@
+/eH&/'00)&'5'@G0@<
'8/D@!
T9):%(D/5&;<F90
0/$0\!T9: /'M*+,/ #b/%\
.H&/ > <F8#-G/-&%#<F(

M!T9: /'M:/ %\!U
9D^@/-6H/'00-70/ 0&;
%\6G0H!
Câu hỏi sơ cấp và câu hỏi thứ cấp
T84.&0/5'.+`+b+#$H!:
LF)N/'M]#5'.œ,/9+.
>/ #$H!
T4:/'ML0<@\N(H!j,/:
 <H<F8-a&0</'00MaH&0<<
H/8a'9G0>!U'(E'..E
'(B<+3+04: *+,#$%&_
'.BC/ #H%/<F-G/-#%!
U'('(^#b/G/-#Z6/'0084&0/:
 G/-)706*+,+4/D.H!w>\<&G
/-/'M )703<F+?/@G0H&_.3'.+`/
G0!K:0k+`+bH<F%\)706/
, &bC;/ :b&A/-H20# 
%\//;H!

Hướng dẫn để sử dụng các câu hỏi một cách tốt nhất
U#/&: <HH_<F!"
/@<)&/-<: 36709703/
+)6!
V<300G04%H!w.H:&: )
g300G0H#Z'L#<(;0^C0/:'0
# aN
J?/@bHA!U:aF0@&
+?/@@H !
[0/&;a.(0L(/MN!U(0(7&#%
^#5g+&'7b>H)/G(0/ <F!

VH:%(0&)#0(/'M?/-/:!D.H'(
.&:#`<Q+,;0#bH^
%(0!UH/'00%(0&: Ma-%(/ ;H
>00G0>!K=: 07>\\2
#'./ H+?C+A#Z/0@+?8/ +`+b
H.%(/;!
UH/'00%(+3&)/'M##p
2!Ke<<F-%(/:!K: +?/@@aG0H#Z
)2G0>/  0BC>: /;0<)&> BC@0H
@:%('\<!U%(+3: +H<F
C'.//&\B4;!