UNIT 1 : PERSONAL FINANCE
- Personal finance services/ products
- Accounts
- Cards
- Bank transfer
- Loans
I.Personal finance service / products
- Personal finance refers to financial services / products ( facilities ) which are provided for
individual customers
- Types of customer :
+ Individual customer : Khách hàng cá nhân
= client = private… = retail…
+ Corporate customer : Khách hàng doanh nghiệp
= business = company = firm = enterprise = organization = corporation
- Services / Products
1, Spending
+ cash withdrawal : rút tiền mặt ( withdrawal slip : phiếu rút tiền )
+ cash machine : máy giao dịch tiền tự động
= ATMs ( automated teller machines ) = cash point = cash dispenser = cash terminal
+ ATM card = cash card : thẻ rút tiền
+ debit card = switch card : thẻ ghi nợ
+ credit card : thẻ tín dụng
+ cheque book = check book ( sec ) : sổ séc
2, Paying bills / Bill payment
+ standing order : ủy nhiệm chi định kì
+ direct debit : ghi nhợ trực tiếp
+ bank transfer : chuyển khoản qua ngân hàng
3, Saving
+ deposit account : tài khoản tiền gửi
+ saving account : tài khoản tiết kiệm
+ online savings account : tài khoản tiết kiệm trực tuyến
4, Borrowing
+ overdraft : khoản vay thấu chi
+ mortgage : khoản vay thế chấp
+ other loans : khoản vay khác
II. Accounts
1, Definition
-An a/c is a record of a customer’s money transations ( tài khoản là 1 bản ghi chép các giao dịch
tiền của khách hàng )
- Money transation : giao dịch tiền
+ deposit : gửi tiền
+ saving / investment : tiết kiệm / đầu tư
+ withdraw : rút tiền
+ payment : thanh toán
+ overdraft : thấu chi
+ bank transfer : chuyển khoản
2, Form
T – 2 columns ( debit and credit )
3,Balance
+ debit < credit = credit balance = in credit = … in the black
+ debit > credit = debit balance = in debit = … in the red = overdrawn
4, Noun phrases
a/c holder = a/c owner : chủ tài khoản
a/c number : số tài khoản
a/c fee = a/c charge : phí tài khoản
a/c statement : bản sao kê tài khoản ( 5 column : date, detail, debit, credit, balance )
*a bank a/c # a bank’s a/c
+ a bank a/c is an a/c which is opened in a bank
+ a bank’s a/c is an a/c of a bank
5, Types of a/c
+ personal a/c > < corporate a/c
+ sole a/c > < joint a/c : tài khoản riêng >< tài khoản chung
+ current a/c : tài khoản vãng lai
+ deposit a/c : tài khoản tiền gửi
+ savings a/c : tài khoản tiết kiệm
+ online saving a/c : tài khoản tiết kiệm trực tuyến
+ overdraft a/c : tài khoản thấu chi
*Compare : current a/c and deposit a/c
Current a/c Deposit a/c
Deposit Demand deposit : tiền gửi không kì
hạn
Time / term deposit : tiền gửi có kì hạn
Interest No / little interest Yes
Overdraft Yes No
Instrument
ATM card = cash card
Debit card
Check book
Passbook : sổ tài khoản
Purpose Safety
Convenient in paying
Daily bills
Interest / savings / investment
III. Cards
Cash card = ATM card Debit card Credit card
Condition of
having cards
Having a current /
checking a/c
Good - risk customer
Funtions Withdrawal
Payment
Deposit
Bank transfer
PIN change
a/c balance
checking
*with the use of an
ATM
+ paying for goods
automatically
( immediately /
electronically ) with the
use of a terminal
-borrowing :
+ in cash
+ buy st on credit : mua
chịu
Advantages Safety and convenient Safety and convenient Safety and convenient
*Classification of customer:
+ good – risk customer :
+ poor – risk customer :
+ bad – risk customer :
Good buy >< bad buy : mua đắt hơn
Bad cheque : sec không được kí
Bad debt : nợ xấu ( không có khả năng thanh toán )
PIN : personal dentification number
*Steps in using an ATMs:
+ Put the card into an ATM
+ select language
+ press / put PIN
+ press functional button ( cash withdrawal,deposit, transfer, PIN change, balance equity , other)
+ press amount
+ ( wait ) machine check with the central computer if there is enough money in the a/c
+ machine counts money
+ machine gives out card and money
+ machine issue receipt
IV. Bank transfer
Standing order Direct debit
Similarities Belong to bank transfer payer
and payee must for regular
payments /expenses ( gas,
water , rent )
Belong to bank transfer payer
and payee must for regular
payments /expenses ( gas,
water , rent )
Starter / origination Payer / debtor
( người nợ )
Payee / creditor
( chủ nợ )
Amount of payment Same / fixed
( cố định )
Variable
( thay đổi )
Date of payment fixed Variable
*Cash flow position
Inflow = outflow =balanced
Inflow > outflow = positive
Inflow < outflow = negative
Trong dài hạn, trạng thái thứ nhất là tốt nhất
Trong ngắn hạn trạng thái thứ 3 là tốt nhất
*Cash flow regulation = avoid negative … : điều tiết dòng tiền
Pre-specifed date : ngày được xác định trước
Settle = payment : thanh toán
Economies of scale >< diseconomies of scale : hiệu suất kt tăng khi tăng quy mô >< hiệu suất kt
giảm khi tăng quy mô
V. Loans
Definition : + loan is an amount of money lent to someone
+ a bank is a middle man between borrower and depositors/savers
*Vocab :
+ lend = loan = give money to someone
+ borrow = receive/ get money from someone
Eg: I was lent 5m = I borrowed 5m = 5m was borrowed by me
+ lending = loaning
+ borrowing
+ borrower >< lender
+ current asset : tài sản lưu động
+ credit >< debit = money owe to someone
+ take out a loan = set up a loan ( lender )
+ make a loan for sb : lập 1 tài khoản vay cho ai
+ secured loan = a loan with security >< unsecured loan = a loan without security
*Secured loan :
+ mortgage = secured by real estate : được đảm bảo bằng bất động sản
+ collateral = …. by moveable asset : cầm cố tài sản
+ creditability = creditworthiness/ reputation
*Types of loan : personal loan and business loan
*Personal loan loan provided for individual , it has : overdraft, mortgage and bank loan
+ principal : tiền vay gốc
+ interest : tiền lãi
+ interest rate : lãi suất
+ lending IR = IR paid by borrower to a bank
+ deposit IR = … by a bank to saver = mobilization
+ interest income = net amount by which lending IR is higher than deposit IR : thu nhập từ lãi
suất
+ fee income : thu nhập từ việc cung cấp dịch vụ tính phí
+ exchange profit : ngoại hối
UNIT 2 : COMPANY FINANCIAL SERVICE
I.Financial service providers
+ internal : nội địa
+ external : ngoài nước ( tax advisor/ tax advising company : tư vấn thuế
Commercial bank : ngân hàng thương mại
Investment bank : ngân hàng đầu tư
Pension fund manager ( mutual fund ) : nhà quản lí quỹ lương hưu
+ plan (n) – planning : kế hoạch –lập kế hoạch
+ cost – costing : thanh toán chi phí
+ budget – budgeting : ngân sách – dự thảo ngân sách
+ insurance – insurancing : phí phát hành – ngân hàng phát hành
+ put together : tập hợp số liệu
II.Services
Services Providers
1.cash management = inflow +
outflow of cash
+ external : commercial bank
+ internal : treasury
department
Poolled a/c : tài khoản gộp
2.funding = providing money
for some purposes
External : investment bank
- advice on : tư vấn về
+ raising money : huy động
vốn
+ strategies : sát nhập
+ merger
+ acquisition : mua lại công ty
+ divestment : phá sản
+ underwriting : bảo lãnh phát
hành chứng khoán
2 main ways of funding :
equity funding and debt
funding
+ equity funding = selling
ownership : bán sở hữu
( shares, stock ) (
+ debt funding = borrowing :
.loan
.,commercial paper :
.,notes : thương phiếu
.,bonds : trái phiếu
.,leasing : dịch vụ thuê tài
chính
., factoring : mua nợ, bán nợ
3.controlling budget =
managing income +
expenditure
Internal : financial controller
department
Single master budget
4.insurance = protection
against risks
External : insurer ( công ty
bảo hiểm )
+ commercial insurance : bảo
hiểm thương mại
+ business continuity : bảo
hiểm liên tục
5.audit = checking financial
a/c / record/ statement
+ internal – internal auditor :
kiểm toán nội bộ
+ external : external auditor =
independent auditor : kiểm
toán độc lập
+ financial statement : báo cáo
tài chính
+ balanced sheet : bảng cân
đối tài khoản
+ profit and loss a/c : báo cáo
kết quả hoạt động kinh doanh
+ cash flow statement : báo
cáo chu chuyển tiền tệ
*Funding
Equity funding Debt funding
Definition Selling ownership Borrowing from someone
Instrument Share/ stock Bonds / loan
Interest / dividend Dividend ( depending on profit
or loss by the company )
Interest ( not depending on
profit or loss by the company )
Reduction yes No
*Balance sheet ( 3 main items )
+ asset = liabilities + equity
+ equity = asset – liabilities = net asset : tài sản ròng
+ profit and loss a/c = income statement : bảng báo cáo thu nhập
( 2 main items : revenue + cost : thu nhập + chi phí )
*Oursoucing ( tài liệu )
UNIT 3 : ECONOMIC INDICATORS
I.Economic indicator
Definition : EI are indicators showing activities of an economy
1. GDP = gross domestic product : tổng sản phẩm quốc nội ( border ,territory )
2.GNP = gross national product : tổng sản phẩm quốc dân ( resident of a nation )
3.growth rate : tỉ lên tăng trưởng
4.income per capita : thu nhập trên mỗi đầu người
5.unemployment rate : tỉ lệ thất nghiệp ( jobless people / unemployed / with no job )
6.inflation rate >< deflation : tỉ lệ lạm phát
+ one – digit
+ two – digit
+ hyper inflation
7. CPI = consumer price index = RPI = retail price index : chỉ số giá tiêu dung
( average price of certain consumer good )
8. interest rate : lãi suất
+ lending IR >< deposit IR = mobilization rate
+ norminal IR ( offered by banks )
+ real IR ( take inflation….into a/c )
Positive real IR ( norminal IR > inflation rate )
Negative real IR (… < … )
9.Exchange rate
+ bid rate is a rate at which a bank buys one currency
+ offer rate = ask rate
+fixed….
+ floating rate : clean rate = unmanaged ; dirty rate = managed
+ spot rate ( 2 working days )
+ gross rate : USD / GBP
10.MD = money demand / MS = money supplies : mức cầu tiền / mức cung tiền
AD = aggregate demand / AS = aggregate supplies : tổng cầu / tổng cung
Decifit trade balance = import >< export
Surplus…
BOP = balance of payment =current a/c : TK vốn
= ( import + export ) + capital a/c ( movement of capital into or out of a country ): lending /
borrowing funding ; selling/ buying searities
+ positive entry >< negative entry = credit >< debit
GRAMMAR
1.Suggestion and Advice
I think you should….
The best thing to do is….
Why don’t you …. ?
How about…. ?
Have you though about…./ considered …?
Perhaps / Possibly you could…