Tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh về mối quan hệ giữa cách mạng chính quốc và cách mạng thuộc địa

SLf NGHIEP VA
TU"
TU'ONG
H6
CHI
MINH
Tl/TirONG
HO
CHf MINH VC
MOI
QURN H€ GlUn CflCH MflNG
CHINH QUOC
Vfl CflCH MRNG THUOC m
•
•
•
ThS PHAM QU6C THANH*
7f\
rong
nhihig nim 20
eiia
the ky XX,
^U/
trudc thyc tiln cua nhan din thudc
dia. cua giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao
ddng tren the gidi, Hd Chi Minh da chi ro
van menh cua giai cip vd san the gidi va
dac biet la van menh cua giai cip vd sin d
cac
nude
di xam

luge
thudc dia ein gan
chat vdi van menh
ciia
giai cap bj ip
biic
d
cae thude dia, vi vay, cupc cich mang giii
phdng dan tpc d thude dia va cupc cich
mang giai phdng giai cap vd san va nhan
dan lao dpng d cae
nude
di ip birc cd moi
quan he mat thilt vdi nhau trong sy nghiep
chung tieu diet chu nghTa dl quoc (CNDQ).
Theo Ngudi, sy nghiep cua ngudi ban
xii
gin mat thilt vdi sy nghiep cua vd sin toan
the gidi.
Ho Chi Minh cho ring "cich menh chia
ra hai thir" dd la "dan tdc each menh" va
"the gidi cich menh"; hai
thii
cich menh
dd tuy cd khic nhau, vi din tdc cich menh
thi chua phan giai cap, cdn the gidi cich
menh thi vd sin giai cap dung diu di trudc;
nhung 2 cupc cich menh iy vin cd quan he
vdi nhau,
"each

menh An Nam vdi cich
menh Phap phai lien lac vdi nhau"'' Va
* Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi
phai thyc hien sy lien minh chat che giira
each
mang vd sin d chinh qudc vdi cich
mang giai phdng dan tdc d thudc dia, vi
"chi cd sy hgp tic nay mdi bio dim cho
giai cap cdng nhan qudc tl gianh dugc
thing
Igi
cudi
ciing"^
Theo Hd Chi Minh, Lenin
la
ngudi dau
tien da kien quyet len an mgi thanh kien
cua cac nha cich mang chau Au va chau
My ve van de nay; la ngudi dau tien da
hieu va dinh gii
hit
tim quan trgng
Idn
lao
ciia
viec ldi
cuon
nhan dan cac nude thudc
dia vao phong trio cich mang, ddng thdi
ciing la ngudi dau tien

da
chi rd ring neu
khdng cd sy tham gia cua cic dan tdc thupc
dia thi cich mang xa hdi khdng
thi
cd
dugc.
Tham nhuin quan diem cua Lenin,
Ngudi keu gpi: "Theo Lenin,
each
mang d
phuong Tay mudn thing Igi thi nd phai
lien
he chat che vdi phong trio giii phdng
chdng
chii
nghTa de qudc d eie nude thudc
dia va cac nude bi nd
dich"^
va "vi chiing
ta ty coi minh la hpc trd
ciia
Lenin, eho nen
chiing ta cin phai tap trung tit ca
siic
lyc
va nghi lue dl thyc hien tren thyc tl nhiing
ldi di huin quy biu
ciia
Lenin ddi vdi

chiing ta vl vin dl thudc dia cung nhu cic
vin dl khic"" Trong Thu giri Ban Chdp
TAP CHi LICH
Sir
DANG
- S6
2/2012
35
su NGHIEP VA
TU'
TU'ONG
H6
CHi MINH
hdnh Qudc ti Cdng sdn
(11-4-1924),
Ngudi chi rd ring, nhiing thudc dia cua
Phap ndi chung, thudc dia Ddng Duong ndi
rieng it dugc biet den trong gidi vd sin va
cdng sin; ngay ci Qudc te Cdng sin va
Ding Cdng sin Phap ciing rit it dupe thdng
tin ve nhiing gi xiy ra d nhiing thudc dia
dd; do viy "Neu chiing ta mudn boat ddng
mdt
each
cd ich ve van de thude dia thi
nhat thiet phii bit lien lac vdi cic thudc dia
do"'
Ngudi da phe phin quan diem cho
ring khdng can lien minh true tiep vdi
phong frao giai phdng d cic nude thudc

dja, giai cip vd sin chau Au ciing cd the
thang
Igi
dugc vi khing dinh: "chimg nao
ma Ding Phip vi Dang Anh chiing ta chua
thi hanh mpt chinh sich that tich cyc trong
van de thude dia, tham chi chua de cap den
quan chiing cic nude thudc dia, thi toan bd
chuang trinh rdng
Idn
cua hai ding do van
khdng cd hieu qui
gi"*
Tir sy nhan thiie sau
sic
bin chat eua
CNDQ thyc
din.
Ho Chi Minh chi rd
chiing khdng chi la ke
thii ciia
cae dan tpc
bi ip birc, ma cdn la ke
thii
chung cua giai
cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng chinh
qudc.
Bing hinh anh con dia hai vdi, Ngudi
da khac hpa chin dung ke
thii

chung iy
mdt cich sinh ddng:
"Chii
nghTa tu ban li
mpt con dia cd mdt cii vdi bim vao giai
cap
\6
sin d chinh qudc va mdt cii vdi
khic bam vao giai cip vd sin d cac thudc
dia. Neu ngudi ta mudn gilt eon vat iy,
ngudi ta phai ddng thdi cit ci hai vdi.
NIU
ngudi ta chi eit mdt vdi thdi, thi cai vdi kia
van tiep tuc
hiit
mau
ciia
giai cap vd san;
con vat van tiep tuc sdng va cii vdi bi cat
diit
lai se mpc
ra"^
Phan tich am muu tham dpc cua CNDQ
thyc dan, Hd Chi Minh edn chi rd thu doan
tinh vi, xao quyet cua chiing khdng chi
dii
vdi nhan dan eac dan tdc thudc dia va ca
vdi giai cap vd sin d chinh qudc; ddng thdi
vach tran muu md tham dpc cua CNDQ
trong viec gay mau thuan va su bin

thii
giiia cae dan tdc va giiia giai cap vd sin cac
nude vdi nhau. Chinh vi giai cap vd sin
6
ca hai ding
diu
khdng hieu biet lan nhau,
"nen da xay ra nhiing thanh kien" Ho Chi
Minh cdn vach rd
thii
doan tham dpe cua
CNDQ thyc dan trong nhieu tie pham.
Trong bai "Dpi quan chdng cich mang",
ding tren bio Ddi sdng cdng nhdn, ngay
7-9-1923,
Hd Chi Minh ehi rd, dieu ma giai
cap cdng nhan Phip khdng the khdng biet
den la ehu nghTa tu ban dya vio thupc dia
de chdng lai tat ca mpi phong trao giai
phdng. Ngudi keu gpi cdng nhan Phip co
nhiem vu phii hanh ddng, phai
kit
tinh anh
em vdi binh linh bin xu, phai Iam cho binh
linh bin xu hieu rang ca cdng nhan d chinh
qudc lan binh linh d thudc dia,
diu
ciing bi
chung mdt bpn
chii

ap birc va bde lot. deu
la anh em cimg mdt giai cip va khi tdi
liic
phii chien dau, thi ca hai ben
diu
phai cimg
dinh bpn
chii
ehung cua minh.
Tir thyc tiln phong trio each mang va
phan cich mang tren
thi
gidi Hd Chi Minh
nhan thay, tuy rang Qudc tl Cdng sin
da
lim cho van de thudc dia cd dugc tam quan
36
TAP CHi LICH SLf
OANG
- S6
2/2012
SU"
NGHIEP VA
TU"
TU'ONG
H6
CHi
MINH
trpng xirng dang vdi nd bing each coi nd la
thudc ve nhung vin dl thdi sy khan truong

nhat, nhung trong thyc tien, "eac ban thupc
dia d cae cudng qudc thyc dan, cho den
nay vin chua quan tim den vin de nay,
tham chi cic ban nay ciing chua xem xet
van de mdt each nghiem
tiic
Sy khdng
hoat ddng nay cd le do cic dong chi chiing
ta khdng hieu biet tinh hinh chinh xie cua
nhiing
xii
bi ip
birc"*
Va mpt thyc te la cic
Ding Cdng sin Anh, Hi Lan, Bi vi cic
dang cdng sin d mdt sd nude khic ma giai
cap tu sin d day chiem giii thudc dia, thi tir
khi chap nhan ban Luan cuong
ciia
Lenin
"hiu nhu chua" lam dugc gi de giio due
cho giai cap cdng nhan nude minh tinh than
qudc te
chii
nghTa chan chinh, tinh than gan
giii vdi quan chung lao ddng cic nude
thudc dia. Vdi Dang Cpng sin Phip, Hd
Chi Minh liy lam tiee phai ndi ring Ding
Cdng san Phip lim rat it cho cae
nude

thudc dia.
Khdng chi khing djnh sy cin thiet phii
gan ket cich mang thudc dia va cich mang
chinh qudc, Hd Chi Minh cdn chu dpng
neu ra nhiing bien phip cu
thi
de hanh
dpng. Theo Ngudi, dl ra nhung luan
cuong dai ding dac vi thdng qua nhiing
nghj quylt rat keu de roi sau do dua vao
vien
bao tang nhu tir trudc van lam thi
chua du ma phii hanh ddng thiet thyc.
Trong bai Phdt biiu tai phiin hpp thic 22
Dai hpi
Idn
thir V
ciia
Qudc ti Cdng sdn
(1-7-1924), Hd Chi Minh da dl nghi: md
tren bio L Humaniti mpt mue de dang deu
dan hing tuan it nhat hai cdt cic bai ve
van de thudc dia; tang cudng tuyen truyen
va tuyen lya dang vien cua Ding trong
nhiing ngudi bin xir d nhiing nude thudc
dia da cd phan bp cdng sin; giri nhirng
ngudi ban
xii
vao Trudng Dai hpc Cdng
sin cua nhirng ngudi lao ddng phuong

Ddng d
Mitxcova;
thda thuan vdi Tdng
lien doan lao ddng thdng nhit de td chiic
nhiing ngudi lao ddng
ciia
eac
nude
thudc
dia lam viec d Phap; dat nhiem vu cho cic
dang vien cua Dang phai quan tam hon
nira den van de thudc dia.
Hd Chi Minh mong mudn vi tin tudng
rang mat tran thdng nhat ciia nhan din
chinh qudc. (Phip) vi thudc dia sdm trd
thanh sy that. Ngudi keu gpi: "Viec td
chirc cdng doin d cic nude thupc dia cd
mdt tam quan trpng dac biet Khdng
dugc quen nhung ngudi lao ddng thudc
dia, phii giiip do cic
to "chiic
cua hp, dau
tranh ben bi chdng nhiing chinh phu cua
chinh qudc dang ip birc cic thudc dja, dd
la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu cap thiet
nhat
ciia
tat ci cic cdng doan cich mang,
nhat la d cic nude cd giai cap tu sin di nd
dich va

bde
lot cac nude thudc dia vi nira
thudc
dia"'
Nhu vay, ngay
tir
rat sdm, Hd Chi Minh
da nhan ra mdi quan he mat thiet giiia cich
mang chinh qudc va cich mang thudc dia.
Theo Ngudi, CNDQ khdng chi la ke
thii
cua cac din tdc bi ip birc, mi cdn la ke
thii
cua nhan dan lao ddng d chinh qudc. Do
dd, khdng chi doan
kit
nhan dan cic dan
TAP CHi LICH
SLfOANG
- S6
2/2012
37
su
NGHIEP VA TU TU'ONG
H6
CHi MINH
tdc thudc dia de chdng lai chiing, mi
each
mang giii phdng dan tdc
nude

ta cdn phai
doin ket vdi giai cap vd sin tren the gidi.
Vi trong sudt qui trinh hoat ddng cich
mang cua minh, Ngudi da no lyc
hit
minh
cho sy gin ket chat che giiia phong trao
cich mang chinh qudc vdi phong trao cich
mang d thude dia. Hd Chi Minh da ciing
vdi nhirng ngudi yeu nude cua cic thudc
dia khic sang lap Hdi Lien hiep thudc dia
mi muc dich chinh eua Hdi li doan ket
nhin dan cic nude thudc dja trong mpt mat
tran chdng CNDQ. Trong Tuyen ngdn
ciia
Hdi Lien hiep thude dia do Hd Chi Minh
soan thio, ciing keu gpi xay dyng quan he
doan ket ehien dau giiia nhan dan cic nude
thudc dia vdi giai cip cdng nhan va nhan
dan lao ddng chinh qudc:
''Hai
cdc ban bi
dp buc d chinh qudc] Giai cap tu sin trong
nude cac ban da lira ddi cic ban, diing cic
ban lam cdng cu di xam lupc dat
nude
chiing tdi. Ngay nay, van dung cii chinh
sich quy quyet ay. giai cdp tu sdn
nude
cdc

bqn
Iqi
dinh diing chung tdi de ddn dp mpi
ed gang tu gidi phdng eua cdc bqn. Dirng
trudc
chii
nghTa tu ban vi chu nghTa dl
qudc,
quyen
Igi
cua chiing ta la thdng nhit,
cic ban hay nhd ldi keu ggi
eiia
Cac Mie:
"Vd san tat ca cac nude, doan
kit
lai!"'"
Nhic den mdi lien he giiia cich mang
chinh qudc va cich mang thudc dia, Hd Chi
Minh da khing dinh: "khdng cdn xa lam
giai cip vd sin chinh qudc se lam nhiem vu
ciia
minh: hp se tdng cd tit ei bpn an bim
ra khdi cira; sau khi da giai phdng minh, hp
se giai phdng nhiing ngudi anh em d Ddng
Duong; dugc giai phdng khdi ich de
qu6c
chu nghTa, nhan dan Ddng Duong nhit djnh
se ty hao va hanh phiic"" Vilt vl phong
trao cich mang Ddng Duong va Viet Nam,

trong tic pham Dudng Kdch minh, Hd Chi
Minh lai khing dinh tinh chu ddng
ciia
each mang thupc dia va sy tic ddng trd lai
eua nd ddi vdi
each
mang vd san d chinh
qudc,
ring "An Nam dan tdc
each
menh
thinh cdng thi tu ban Phip yeu, tu ban
Phap yeu thi cdng ndng Phap lam giai cap
cich menh ciing de" Theo quan diem
ciia
Ngudi, cich mang giai phdng dan tdc d
thupc dia khdng nhiing khdng phu thupc
vao cich mang vd sin d chinh qudc, ma co
khi nang gianh thang
Ipi
trudc cich mang
chinh qudc, va han niia nd edn tao dilu
kien thuan
Igi
cho
each
mang chinh
qu6c
mau
din

thanh cdng.
Quan dilm cua Hd Chi Minh vl doan
ket lyc lugng cich mang qudc tl va each
mang thudc dia ludn phai neu cao tinh than
ty lyc ty cudng va tinh chu ddng cich
mang, khdng dugc trdng ehd y lai vao su
giiip dd
ciia
ben ngoai. Thyc tien sinh dpng
cua lich
sii
cich mang Viet Nam da chiing
minh tinh diing dan
ciia
tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh moi quan he giiia
each
mang d chinh
qudc vdi cich mang thudc dia.
1,
2, 9,
10. Hd
Chi Minh Todn
tap,
Nxb CTQG,
H,
2009,
T. 2, tr.
266,124,126-127,128
3,4,

5,
6,
7,
8,
11.
Sdd T.
1,
tr.
277, 282, 251,
277, 298, 27, 483.
38
TAP CHi LICH
SLP
OANG
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S6
2/2012