Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh với chiến dịch Việt Bắc Thu - Đông 1947

SU"
NGHIEP VA
TU'
TU-QNG
HO CHI MINH
CHU TICH HO CHI MINH
VOfI
CHIEN DICH VIET BAC THU
-
DONG
1947
TSLE
VAN THAI*
j3di
tim nhin chiin luge, ngay td khi
C'Cach
mang Thing Tim thinh cdng,
Chd tich Hi Chi Minh di chi thi cho ding
chi
Pli?m
Vin Ding va mdt si cin bd khic
d
l?i
Tan Trio mgt thdi gian di chi dao
vi6c
cung ci khu cin cd dia. Cuii thing 10-
1946,
Ngudi cd ding chi Nguyin Luong
Bing trd
l?i
Viit Bic chuin bi cin cd dia

khing chien. Dii cing tic
d$c
biit dirge
thinh
l|p,
do ding chi Trin Ding Ninh phy
trich, cd nhiim vy nghien cdu cic vi tri dit
ca quan, cung vdi cic ban nginh liin quan
to chdc di chuyin cic ca quan vi kho ting,
xi nghiip
len Vipt
Bic. Cic huyin Chg Din
(Bic
K?n),
Chiem Hoi, Son Duong (Tuyin
Quang), Dinh Hoa, Dai TQ (Thii Nguyin)
dugc chgn lim An toin khu (ATK).
Dgt ting di chuyin lin cin cd
Vi$t
Bic
diin ra tu cudi thing
11-1946
din thing 2-
1947.
Hing van tin may mdc,
nguySn
vat
liiu, gao, muii, vii dugc
v|in
chuyin vi cac

khu an toan. Hing
chye
v^n
nhin dan, cin
l)g,
chien
si
td cac hudng tap trung
ISn
Viit
Bic trong
tr|t
ty, bi
m$t.
Diu thing
3-1947,
cic
CO
quan linh
d^o
Idling chiin lin
lugt
lin Viit Bic. Ngiy 4-3-1947, Chu tich Hi
* Vi?n
Ljch sd quin su
Vi?t
Nam
Chi Minh len cin cu Viet Bic. Tai day,
Ngudi cdng Trung uong Dang vi Chinh phu
lanh dao ca nudc khing chiin ching thyc

dan Phip xim
lypc.
Tu day, cin cd dia Viet
Bic trd thinh "Thu dd khang chien".
Trong nim
1947,
Chu tich Hi Chi Minh
viit tic pham Doi song mai va tic pham
Sira doi loi lam viec, nhim giii quyet
nhQng van de co bin ve xiy dung con
ngudi mdi, cugc song mdi, nang cao sdc
chiin diu cda Ding, ddng
viSn
tiim lye cda
dit nudc, phit huy tinh
uru
viet cda chl dp
mdi di giinh thing
Igi
trong khang chiin
Theo doi sat tinh hinh, am muu dich,
Ngudi nhic nhd can bp, chiin
si,
nliin
din
trong khu cin cd dia luin chu y giQ bi mat,
chuin bi sin sing chu ding khang chiin.
Ngay 19-8-1947, Ngudi viit thu gdi ding bao
Khu I'. Trong thu, Ngudi cin din: "Hiin bay
gid Khu I chua phai la mit tran chinh. Nhung

dii vdi bpn thuc dan hung dc, nay mai Khu I
lit
cd thi trd nen mit tran chinh. Vi viy,
chiing ta phii luin luin chuan bi sin sang.
Chung ta cin phai lam nhQng
vi|c
sau niy:
a) Da doan kit phii doan kit thim. Khip
noi phai ti chuc Hgi lien hiip quic din.
b) Tap luyin dan quin, ty ve, du kich.
Giup dd
bi
dii.
TAP CHi L]CH
sir
BANG - S6
3/2012
13
su
NGHIEP VA
TU'
TURING
H6
CHi MINH
c) Ra sdc ting gia sin xuat, lim cho
nhiiu
Ida,
nhiiu sin, nhiiu ngi. Nuii nhiiu
gia
sue.

d) Phit triin binh dan hgc vy. Gidp dd
ding bag tan cu. GiQ gin bi mit
e) Cic cin
tii
quan sy, chinh tri, hanh
chinh vi chuyin mdn thi phai lim diing
bin
chQ:
Cin,
kiim.
Hem, chinh".
Trong thu gdi ding bao cic tinh Vidt
Bic,
ngiy 2-9-1947, Ngudi nhin manh vi
d'i,
vai trd cua cin cu dia Viit Bic:
"Vi^t
Bic phii trd
tlianh
cin cu cua khing
chiin Cich menh di do Viit Bic ma
thinh cdng, thi khing chiin ciing do Viit
Bic mi thing
Igi"^-
Ngiy 12-9-1947, Chu tich Hi Chi Minh
chu toa phien hgp Hgi ddng Chinh phu bin
ke hoach dl phdng cuic tien cdng mua
Ddng cua giic vi vin di
tuy£n
duong cing

tr^ng
quan nhan. Ngiy
15-9-1947,
Thudng
vy Trung ucmg Ding ra Chi thi
"Bola
ndi
gi -
ta
phdi lam gi?". vach tran am
mim
den
toi cua thyc din Phip vi khing dinh lai
l^p
trudng kien quyet khing chien cua ta. Ban
chi thi nhic nhd quan dan ca nudc phii tich
eye
chuin
b)
dl ddi phd vdi cuic tiln cing
Thu - Ding cua giic. Chip hinh chi thi cua
Thudng vy Trung uong Ding, cic dia
phucmg diy manh them mpt budc cing tic
chuin bi chiin diu. Cic Khu dy I, X, XII
vi cic tinh uy tren dia ban cin cd dia
Vi$t
Bic phi biin chi thj cua Ding, bin biin
phip thyc
iiiin.
Cdng tic phi hoai, cin dich

dugc tien hinh khan trucmg. Ca quan,
xudng miy, kho tang chuyen vi noi an
toan. Din quan ty
v?
khin trucmg
luyfn
tap,
tuin tra canh
gae,
kilm soat chit ch{
nhiing nod xung yiu. Bi dgi hoan
chfah
tran dia, triin khai dgi hinh chiin dau,
trang
bi thim vu
kM.
Nhiiu kinh nghiim
&
chiin dugc phi biin din tdng chien
i
Khip noi xuit
hifn
khau hiiu quyit tam
chiin diu "pha tan cudc tiin cing miu
Ddng cua giac Phip".
Sing ngay
7-10-1947,
quin Phip
nhiy
du xuing thi

"a
Bic Kan, bua vay,
liinj
syc truy tim co quan linh
d^o
khang
chiSn.
Ddng thdi vdi cugc do
hi
dudng khong,
quan Phip md nhQng cugc hinh quan
dudng bg dinh len Viit Bic. Chu tich
HJ
Chi Minh keu ggi bg dpi, din quin du kich
vi ddng bao ci nudc ra sdc
chign
diu tieu
diit dich. Ngudi
vjch
ro im muu cua
gijc
li dinh ao at, chdp nhoang, bit thinh linh,
dung each "set dinh ngang tai" lim cho
ta
hoang mang trd tay khdng kip. Y dinh
ciia
chung li hpi quan d Bic Kan tao thanh
mit cai d hpc liy Viet Bic, rii cyp d
l?i,
khip chat vdng vay, tu ngoai danh vao, til

trong dinh ra, nhay du xuing
nhOng
noi
nghi cd
CO
quan cda Trung uang Ding
va
Chinh phd ta di lung bit, phi cho
dugc
diu nio cuic khing chiin. Sau do, chiing
se binh dinh cic khu vyc khac va lap
chinh phu bu nhin. Ngudi nhin manh:
dich manh vl cic gpng kim. Chung tt
quyit tam chiin diu be giy gpng kim thi
cii i cyp xuing vi se
rach^
Ngiy
11-10,
Ngudi chd tri cugc hgp Dang doin Chinh
phu bin vi viec ddi phd vdi cuic tiin cing
TAP CHi UCH Sir
BANG
- S(5
3/2012
su
NGHIEP VA TU
TUdNG
H6
CHi MINH
cua 'quin Phap va van de di chuyin co

quan chinh phu.
Sau khi biit rd thim ki hoach tien cdng
Viit Bic cua
djch",
ta cing chd dgng dii
phd. Ngiy
15-10,
Chu tich Hi Chi Minh
chuyin vl d va lim viec tai xi Lien Minh,
huyin Vd Nhai. Cung ngiy, Thudng vu
Trtmg
uong Dang ra Chi thi "Phdi phd tan
cugc tdn cong mua Dong cua gigc Phdp".
Chi
til)
nh^
dinh ring, cuic tin cdng cda
djch khing chdng td chung manh mi trai
l^i,
td ra chdng yiu. Cuic tin cdng nay
"chi o
^t
luc dau". Dich dan quan ra cang
mdng, cang la dip tot cho ta danh chung d
mien xudi. Ke dich ddng quan d nai xa,
cing dl cho ta bao vay chit dudng
tiip
ti
vi "dinh chung mpt cich rat cd Igi trong
khi chung

v^
ding"^.
Phuang hudng hinh
ding cy thi cda quan va din ta li: phii kien
quyit chiin diu giam chin djch
t{ii
nhQng
cin cd ma chung vda chiem,
tri$t
de
lim
vudn khdng, nhi trong chung quanh noi
dich chiim, cit
diit
sy
liin
lac gida cic cd
diim cua dich, khdng cho chdng tiep tl vi
tiip ling cho nhau. Qui trinh chidn diu phai
giQ gin chu lye cua ta, nhung cdng phii
nh?y
bin, nhim nhflng chi yiu cua dich
mi "dinh nhiing trin vang dgi, nhiing tran
tiiu diit Bit dich chuyin sang thi phdng
thd"'. Chi thi niu rd: "Cuic tiin cing cua
dich lin niy phii lam cho cin bg ta chQa
dugc binh chu quan cho ring dich khing
dim tiin cong tio
b^o,
chua dim dinh Viet

Bic,
khing dim nhiy du hay do bp xa cin
cd. Nd
l?i
thuc giyc cac cip chi huy mau
nh^
ra quy luat chien tranh Nd chi rd
cho cin bg chi dao cic cip cua phong trao
ta
nh^n
rd: mudn thing dich, phii doan
dung muu ke cua dich va phii giQ bi mat
muu ke cua
minh"'
Chip hinh chi thi
cda
Thudng vy Trung
uong Dang, trong qui trinh chi dao cuic
phan cong dich, Bg Tdng chi huy lien tiep
dilu dgng, bi tri luc lupng theo yiu ciu tic
chiin 30 dai dpi dgc lap,
18
tiiu doan tap
tnmg cua cic Khu I, X dugc thinh lap
nhanh chdng
lam
nong cit md ring chiin
tranh du kich. Vua tic chiin, cdc dai dii
die Isip
vda diu dit dan quan tu ve boat

dgng. Cac tieu doan tap trung ca ddng tieu
diit cic vi tri va danh dich tren dudng giao
thing. Nhan dan hing hii tham gia khing
chiin, thyc hiin vudn khdng, nha trdng,
ung hg va phdi hgp vdi
lye
lugng vu trang
dinh dich. Quin Phip di den dau cung bi
dinh. Cang vio siu cin cd
dia
Viet Bic,
cic binh doin tiin cing cda thyc din Phap
cing bi chia cit.
Theo ddi sit sao mpi
diin
biin tren chiin
trudng Viet Bic, nhan ro tim quan trgng
cua doan kit, ky luat, thing suit minh lenh
tic cliiin trong quan ddi, Ngudi cin din can
bg,
chiin
si:
"Doin kit, ky luit, lam cho bg
dpi
m?nli,
doan thi manh, Mpt minh linh
gi trin xuing, cua Bi Quic phdng hay Bd
Tdng chi huy diu phai din khu, din cic
trung doan, cac doan thi va phii xuing tdi
t?n

ngudi dii viin. Niu minh lenh din khu
roi mic
nghSn
khing xuing dudi nQa tuc la
khu khing theo ky luit Bi dpi s8 kem
sue
TAP CHi LICH
sir
BANG
-
Sd
3/2012
su
NGHIEP
VA
TU
TUIJNG
H6
CHl MINH
manh. Minh lenh cung nhu ddng miu chay
tu tim ra din diu, cac tu
cW.
Niu chay din
tay mi mic nghen thi tay
bai.
Tay
bji
ngudi
sg yiu di. Cic ddng chi cung biet thdi gian
li quy. Dyng binh thing bai nhiiu luc quyit

dinh trong nim, mudi phdt. Vay cac ding
chi phii lam sao cho nhiing menh lenh d
trSn
xuing dugc nhanh ching va thi hinh
chu
dio"^.
Ngudi viet thu gdi ding bao va
chiin
si
Khu X', neu ro uu diim va thilu
sdt: "Mat trin sdng Ld,
V$
quoc quan, din
quin du kich vi ddng bio rit hing hii cho
nen thu dupc mpt it nhiiu chiin cdng ve
vang. Trii lai, nhiing mit trin khic nhu Lio
Cai,
Yin Bii thi con
k^ia
Do khing phii vi
ding bio
k^m
hing hai hoic la
chi€n si
k^m
dung cim. Nhimg vi ta ki hoach ti chdc,
tuyen truyen, van ding chua dugc day du,
chu
dio.
vl mit din

v$n
thi
khu
ta
cdn xao
nhing Phii lim the nao cho cuic thing
trin
v6
vang d sdng Ld sg la budc diu cho
nhiiu cuic thing
tr?n
khic. Phii lim cho
Khu X thinh khu kieu miu vi mgi
mit"'°.
Nhim dpng vien tinh thin chiin diu cua
quin din ta vi phd
biin
kinh nghi$m tic
chiin, tiln len giinh nhimg thing Igi mdi
trong cuic khing chiin chdng thyc dan
Phap xam
luge,
cuii nim
1947,
Chu tich Hd
Chi Minh viit tic phim
Viet
Bdc anh
dUng,
ky ten Tan Sinh. Ngudi khii quit bin nhin

td quyit dinh thing
Igi
cda quan vi dan ta
trong Thu - Ding 1947 la: Sy linh dao sing
suit cua Ding, Chinh phd, sy dilu
kWln
khdn khio cua Bg Qudc phdng va Bg Ting
chi huy, sy dung cam cda tudng
si
Ve quic
quan, dan quan du Hch va sy hang hii
cili
toan thl ding bao. Phin tich sy
clii
dac
chiin luge sing sudt cua ta, Ngudi
viit
Ngay
luc
bit diu khing chiin ta di
chij
truong trudng ky khdng chiin di danh tar
muu mi "dinh mau, thing mau" cua
th\rc
dan. Cang ngay "chdng ta cing thiy
nhQnj
y dinh tren li sang sudt, nhat la trong
cug<
dich tiln cing vao Viet Bic, chdng ta
canj

thiy rd nhu thi"". Nhung thyc din Phi[
chua bi dinh quy hoan toin, cuic
khinj
cliiin s6 cdn gay go hon nQa. Ho Chi Mini
nhic nhd: "chiing ta chd ty kiiu ty dai,
ch(
chd quan, chd khinh dich. Chung ta phi'
luin ludn chuan bi, can than dd
phdng,;!
Phii sda chQa nhung khuyet diim vi ci
ging phit triin cac uu
dilm"'^.
D6
li chii
Ithoi
de di tdi thing Igi mdi.
Ngiy 19-12-1947, Chd tich Hi Chi
Minh ra
Idi k€u
ggi ding bao ca nudc, ting
kit mit nim Toin quic khing chiin.
Ngudi khing dinh: khang chiin it phai gay
go,
cue khi, nhung ta nhit dinh se gianh
dugc thing
Igi.
Qua mot nam khdng chiin
toin quic "luc lupng ta ngiy cing
thSm
mjmh,

nhu sudi mdi chiy, nhu
Ida mcri
nhdm, chi cd
tiin.
Idling cd
thoii"",
con
luc lupng cda dich "nhu
mit
trdi vio
liic
hoing hdn, hdng hach lim nhung di gin til
nghi" . Cung ddng ngay nay, bi thit
bji
nang tren chiin trudng, dai bp phin quan
Phap nit khdi Viit Bic. Dem 22-12-1947,
tai thi xi Tuyin Quang, quan dan ta to chiic
frgng thi li mdng chiin thing.
(Xem tiip trang 8)
TAP CHi LICH Sir
BANG
-
SO
3/2012
NHUNG
VAN
D£
CHUNG Vfe
UCH
SCf

BANG
tiip ddi sing chinh tri - xa hii, cic nhan
vit Hch su, yiu ciu ngudi nghien
ciiu,
bien
soan phai dugc "chuin hoa" vi chuyen
mdn, nghiep vy, phuong phip luan va
phim
ciiit
chinh tri.
Tiip tyc Cling ci td chdc bd miy lim
cing tic nghien cdu, bien soan Lich sd
Ding tu dia phuong din Trung uang, vdi
CO ciu ti chdc bp miy hoan chinh cung
cic CO chi, dieu kiin hoat ding tuang
dng; ngang tim vdi chuc ning, nhiim vy
CO
quan chuyen min nginh lich sd Ding d
cic cip.
Thdi ky cich mang mdi dang dat ra
yiu ciu ngiy cang cao, ddi hii Nginh
Lich sd Ding cd sy dii mdi
m^nh
mS,
khic phuc sy cham tre tren mit sd mit,
dii mdi phuong phap, nang cao chit
lugng, md rgng pham vi va ning lye hoat
ding. Lim trdn chdc ning, nhiem vy cda
minh, Nginh Lich su Ding ddng gdp
ngiy cing hiiu qua vio ning cao tim tri

tui
oda
Ding, xiy dung Ding trong
s^ch,
viing manh, dip ung yeu ciu nhiim vy
linh
d^o
sy nghiep cich mang trong thdi
ky mdi.
CHU nCHHd CHf MINH VAl
CHI^N DjCH
n|T
BUC
THU
-
BfiNG 1947
(Tiep theo
trang 16)
Cliien
thing cda quan vi dan ta trong
chiin dich Via Bic Thu - Ding 1947 la
cliiin
tiling cd y nghia chiin
luge
vi
quin
su,
diinh
tri va tinh thin. Chiin thing di
b3t

ngudn td nhiiu
nlian
ti, trudc hit la sy lanh
dao tii tinh va sang
t?o
cua eo quan lanh
d?o
khang cliiin toin quic, do Chu tich Hi
CM
Minh ddng diu. Cin cd
dia
Viit Bic dupc
xiy dyng vi cdng ci, tinh uu viit cua
chi^
mdi dugc
piiat
huy, "long y6u nude eua
^M
bio,
nh|p
vdi iiinh the hiem trd cda ndi
si^
thinh mit
lye
lugng vo
^eh,
nd di dinh
tan
cuic tin cing cua thyc
dan"'^

tao di chi
nhdng thing igi tiep theo trong cuic
khii^
chiin ching thyc dan Phip xim lupc.
1.
Chi thl si
15-CT/rW,
ngay 28-8-2002 cua
Ban
Bi
thu Ve
t&ng
cuang va nang cao chdt
luong
nghien
ctru.
bien sogn lich sir Dang Cong
sdn
Viet
Nam
2.
Quyil djnh s6 100 -
QD/TW,
ngiy 22-10-
2007 cua Ban
Chip
hanh Trung uong Vi chirc
ndng,
nhiem
vv.

to chuc
bo
may ciia Hoc vien
Chinh
tri-
Hanh chinit quoc
gia Ho Chi
Minh.
1.
Khu
1
trong khang chien
ch6ng
Phdp
g6m ^
tinh: Cao
Bang,
Bic Kan, Thai Nguyen, Phuc
Y&l'
2.
8,
10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15.
H6
Chi
Minh Toim
tap,
CTQG, H, 2000, T. 5, tr. 207, 224, 322, 341,
368,314,314,366
3.

BO
Qu6c phong -
Vi?n
Ljch
sijr quSn
s^r
Vi^
Nam: Su
nghiep,
tu tuong qudn
s\r
H6
Chi
Minh,
QDND,
H, 2002, tr. 438
4.
QuSn ta bin roi may bay chd bp tham
mini
chiin dich cua Phap di thj sit mat
trjn
ngiy 9-10
t«ii
Cao
Bang,
thu
tai
li?u.
Ngiy 13-10, Bp
T6ng

tham muu da co
Irong
tay bin ke
ho^ich
tiln c6ng
Vi?t
Bac
ciia
Phap
5.
6, 7.
Van
kien
qudn su ciia
Dang
194S-I9S0,
QDND, H, 1976, T. 2,
a.
245,
246,252-253
9. Khu X ttong khang chiin ching Phip
g4m:
Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang,
Phil
Thp,
VTnh Yen.
TAP CHi UCH
Sil
BANG
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S6
3/2012