TÀI LIỆU TIẾNG ANH VỀ WASH VẢI DENIM NGÀNH MAY - DENIM WASHING

DENIM WASHING
Abinash Mohanty
Anurag Singh
Avinash Kumar
DFT-4
INTRODUCTION OF DENIM…
•
Denim is a rugged
cotton twill textile, in
which the weft passes
under two or more
warp fibres, producing
the familiar diagonal
ribbing identifiable on
the reverse of the
fabric.
Types of Denim
1. BUBBLE GUM DENIM (Lycra containing denim that has between 35 to
50% stretch)
2. COLOURED DENIM (fabric is woven with dyed yarn either warp or weft, It
can also be obtained by Piece dyeing process.)
3. CRUSHED DENIM (Textured effect achieved through a special fabric
construction coupled with wet processing, Fabric is woven with an over twist weft
yarn, The effect can also be improved by bleach and stone )
4. DENIM FROM FOX FIBRE (Denim fabric manufactured by coloured
cotton fibre that grows naturally developed and patented by California cotton
breeder Sally Fox. NITRA, India has also done work on this line.)
5. MARBEL DENIM (It is an another name for acid wash, Some
crushed denims, if strongly bleached, are also called marble.)
6. ECRU DENIM (The denim, which is not having dyed yarn i.e. only
grey yarn in warp & weft.)

7. REVERSE DENIM (Where the face side and reverse side look
alike.)
8. VINTAGE DENIM (A denim treatment that applies heavy stone
washing or a cellulose enzyme wash with or without bleach for an old and
worn outlook.)
BUBBLE GUM DENIM
REVERSE DENIM
COLOUR DENIM
DENIM WASHING
•
In denims, garment washing is done to produce
effects like color fading with or without patchiness,
crinkles, seam puckering, hairiness, de-pilling,
softened-hand feel, stabilized dimensions etc.
•
Denim washing is the aesthetic finish given to
the denim fabric to enhance the appeal and to
provide strength.
•
Denim washing is known
as one of the finishing
treatment that has vast
usage because of creating
special appearance and
updating clothes.
•
There is different methods
of denim washing.
Types of Denim Washing…
Denim washing are of two types.

1. Mechanical washes
•
Stone wash
•
Micro sanding
2. Chemical washes
•
Denim bleaching
•
Enzyme wash
•
Acid wash
Other mechanical
washes-
LASER TECHNOLOGY
SUPER STONEWASH
Scrubbing
Grindings-
grinding
Laser technology
Scrubbing
Tagging on pockets
RINSE WASH
Ozone fading
Over dye- tinting
Sun washing
Quick wash denim
Water jet fading
Vintage etc.
OTHER CHEMICAL WASHES

Stone Washing
•
This method is most common and is used to give
denim an 'old-look'.
•
Pumice stone is one of the most important
components used to abrade the surface of the
fabric to obtain a surface pattern effect with color
contrast and soft - handle.
•
In this process, the fibres
on the surface of the
fabric are broken and
removed and the inner
white fibres of the warp
yarn are gradually
exposed.
•
Natural patterns can be
formed as the degree of
abrasions varies in various
parts of the garment.
15
Selection of Stone
•
According to the end product & effect required.
•
Large, hard stones last longer and may be suited
for heavy weight fabrics only.
•

Smaller, softer stones would be used for light
weight fabrics and more delicate items.
•
Stone wt. /fabric wt. = 0.5 to 3 /1
Recommended Specification for Stones-

•
Moisture content-less than
5%
•
Surface properties-less
than 5% fines
•
Apparent Density-0.5-
0.75gm/cm3
•
Abrasion loss-35%
•
Impurities –
when exceed 10% they
increase apparent density
1 gm/cm3, the stone will
not float in water during
process.
Stone Wash Cycle
•
Loading of denim garment and stones
•
Desizing for about 15 minutes- Detergent plus enzymes.
•

Rinsing
•
Stone wash- 30 to 60 min
•
Rinsing
•
Softening
•
Extraction
•
Unloading and removal of stones from garment
•
Tumble drying
18
Limitations
•
Outcome of a load of jeans is never uniform.
•
Damage to wash machineries and garment due to stone to
machine abrasion.
•
Increase in labor to remove stone particles from finished
garments.
•
Water pollution during disposal of used liquor.

19
MICROSANDING
There are 3 ways for this
technique:-

•
Sandblasting
•
Machine sanding
•
Hand sanding or hand
brushing
20
- Flat surfaces (tables, ironing boards)
- On the dummy (inflatable dummies,
sometimes standing, sometimes flat,
sometimes 'seated')
- Various templates can be used to create a
3D effect
Used in Various Ways
21
SAND BLASTING
•
This technique is based on blasting an
abrasive material (mostly sand) in
granular, powdered or other form
through a nozzle.
•
It is purely mechanical process.
•
It is a water free process.
•
Variety of distressed or abraded looks
possible.
22

MACHINE SANDING
•
In this fabric treatment
process, a series of
cylindrical rolls in a
horizontal arrangement,
either wrapped with an
abrasive paper or
chemically coated with an
abrasive.
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HAND SANDING or HAND BRUSHING
•
Use of sandpaper to
abrade surface.
•
Variety of looks and
designs can be created.
Denim bleaching
•
In this process, a strong oxidative
bleaching agent such as sodium
hypochlorite or KMnO4 is added
during the washing with or
without stone addition.
•
Discoloration is usually more
apparent depending on the
strength of the bleach liquor
quantity, temperature and

treatment time.
•
Proper after wash or anti-
chloring (incase of sodium
hypochlorite bleaching agent)
of bleached denim to
minimize subsequent
yellowing and tendering of
denim.