i
DIMETHOATE
2014
ii
:
: 60440120
:
TS.
PGS, TS.
- 2014
iii
TS. Đỗ Khắc Hải
- PGS. TS. Nguyễn Đình Bảng-
-
-
H
iv
Trang
iv
v
viii
1
2
1.1.
2
1.1.1. K
2
4
7
dimethoate
10
11
11
12
17
17
18
21
23
24
27
2.1
27
2.1u x tia X (XRD)
27
2.1
28
2.1.3.
n
t (SEM-EDX)
30
2.1 -VIS)
31
2.2. T
33
v
2.3
33
2.3.
33
2.3.2. - dimethoate
34
2.3
d
39
43
nano
43
43
44
-EDX
44
-VIS
45
46
3.2.1.
46
49
3.2.3. an
52
55
57
60
61
-
64
vi
TT
Trang
1.
14
2.
16
3.
19
4.
-EDX
45
5.
dimethoate
47
6.
ZnO nano
50
7.
4:
nano
53
8.
5:
55
9.
58
vii
TT
Trang
1.
m ca mt s chng
12
2.
n ra trong hn khi b chiu x
13
3.
C tinh h lu wurtzit
20
4.
C tinh h ln kiu halit
20
5.
C tinh h lu sphalerit
20
6.
a ckiu wurzit
22
7.
Ci xng ca ZnO
22
8.
S nhiu x tia X qua mng tinh th
28
9.
Thit b nhiu x tia X D8-Advance- Bruker- Germany
28
10.
cu to cn t SEM)
29
11.
Thit b hin t
32
12.
ng hunh quang tia X
32
13.
a h ghi nhu ph EDX trong
n t
32
14.
Quang ph
34
15.
u to mt thit b GC
35
16.
nh dimethoate
38
17.
t MS cho ch SIM
39
18.
ng chunh dimethoate (20 ppb-
GC-MS
39
19.
T
40
20.
Gi XRD ca mu ZnO nano
43
21.
nh SEM vt liu ZnO nano
44
22.
nh SEM vt liu ZnO nano
44
viii
TT
Trang
23.
Ph SEM-EDX ca ZnO nano
45
24.
Ph hp th t ngoi kh kin (UV-VIS) ca ZnO nano
46
25.
3.6:
nano
48
26.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu G1 (0,02 g Zn0
nano, thy 240
48
27.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu G2 (0,04 g Zn0
nano, thy 240
49
28.
3.9:
50
29.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu P1 (pH = 5, t = 90
51
30.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu P2 (pH = 7, t = 90
51
31.
3.12:
a ZnO theo thi gian
53
32.
S GC-
u M1() ti
y
54
33.
S GC-
u M1() ti
y
54
34.
3.15:
56
35.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu CM1(C
0
=500 ppb)
t
56
36.
3.17:
58
37.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu SDL3
59
38.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu SDL4
59
39.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate
64
40.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu G3 (0,06 g Zn0
nano, thy 240
64
ix
TT
Trang
41.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu G4 (0,08 g Zn0
nano, thy 240
65
42.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu P3 (pH = 9, t = 90
65
43.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu P4 (pH = 10, t =
66
44.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu M1 (
) t
66
45.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu M1 (
67
46.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu M1(
) t
67
47.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu M3 (
) t
68
48.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu M3 (
) t
68
49.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu
) t
69
50.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu
) t
69
51.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu CM3
70
52.
S GC-MS ca dimethoate trong mu CM4
70
x
ABS
:
hp th quang (Absorbance)
BVTV
:
C
0
(ppb)
:
dimethoate
C (ppb)
:
dimethoate
:
EDX
:
Ph (Energy-Dispersive X-
rayspectroscopy)
E
bg
:
m (Band gap Energy)
GC
:
S
GC-MS
:
Si khi ph
H%
:
Hiu suy
H
XT
%
:
Hiu sut
NN & PTNT
:
SEM
:
H
(Scanning Electron Microscopy)
SEM-EDX
:
T
nh n
t
TTS
:
UV-VIS
:
T ngoi - Kh kin (Ultra Violet - Visible)
XRD
:
N
(X Rays Diffraction)
Photocat
:
1
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
i.
Dimethoate
,
kali permangannat, ozon hay clo
.
2
, ZnO, CdS,
Fe
2
O
3
2
B
II
A
VI
i
dimethoate
dimethoate
dimethoate
dimethoate
-
3
C
1.1.
1.1.1. Khái niệm về thuốc trừ sâu
) [1], [6], [12].
-
[1], [6], [12
4
TT
TT
1.
9.
2.
10.
3.
11.
4.
12.
5.
13.
6.
T
14.
7.
15.
8.
1.1.2. Phân loại thuốc trừ sâu
[1], [12].
1-
5
2-
dicofol, gama-HCH (Lindan), pentachlorophenol, endsulfan, chlordecone, endrin,
heptachlor, camphechlor, 666.
3
PO
4
2
Acephate, demeton, dimethoate, disulfoton, malathion, monocrotophos, trichlorfon,
Fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate, profenophos, azinphos-ethyl, chlorpyryphos,
dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, quinalphos, Bi-58.
+
+
dioxacarb, pirimicarb, aldicarb, methomyl, oxamul, thiodicarb, bassa, serin.
N=CH-
2
Binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocarrb, dinoterbon.
Cyhexatin, fenbutatin-oxide.
6
Cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, deces, sherpa,
sumicidine.
-, Br-, F-
3-
,
2
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.1.3. Ảnh hưởng của thuốc trừ sâu đến môi trường và con người
c
3].
8
2], [6
K
nhanh [6].
phun xong; c
s
9
-
-
h
2], [6], [12], [13], [18].
-
i
-
-
10
b
-
6].
1.1.4. Tô
̉
ng quan vê
̀
thuô
́
c trư
̀
sâu dimethoate
ng gi: Dimethoate
c (IUPAC name): O,O-dimethyl S-methyl S-methyl-
carbamonylmethyl phosphorodithioate
-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-
oxoethyl] ester; O,O-Dimethyl s-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] phosphorodithioate;
Cygon; DeFend; Dimethoaat; Bi 58; O,O-Dimethyl phosphorodithioate; O,O-
Dimethyl S-(N-
c cu to:
Kh:
229,26
g/mol.
Nhi
O
C
c: 25-39 g/L ( 25
O
C) Nhi
O
C
t rng, sn phm k
thumc gi tn ti dng
cht l nht cao, malcohol,
11
c t ,
. Lit vi
ng mi
50
i vi chut qua ng ming
mg/kg [25], [26].
1.2.1. Khái niệm về xúc tác quang
. Trong
-
.
.
2
[14
2
2
2
3
(3,4 eV);
Fe
2
O
3
(2,2 eV); CdS (2,5 eV); WO
3
(2,8 eV); ZnS (3,6 eV); FeTiO
3
(2,8 eV); V
2
O
5
(2,8 eV); Nb
2
O
5
(3,4 eV); SnO
2
2
12
2
4], [21], [28], [29], [34], [36], [38], [39], [41].
2
2
1], [28], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36].
1.2.2. Khái quát về cơ chế xúc tác quang trên chất bán dẫn
do c
13
-
-
-
electro
14
+
+ e
.
H
2
O + h
+
*
+ H
+
2OH
.
+ 2h
*
*
O
2
.
+ 2H
+
2H
+
+ e
.
2
*
O
2
.
+ H
+
2
*
2HO
2
*
2
+ H
2
O
2
H
2
O
2
+
*
O
2
.
*
OH + OH
.
+ O
2
*:
2
O
2
/Fe
2+
, O
3
/H
2
O
2
, O
3
(O
3
/UV, H
2
O
2
/UV, O
3
+ H
2
O
2
/UV, TiO
2
3
STT
1
H
2
O
2
/Fe
2+
H
2
O
2
+Fe
2+
3+
+OH
-
+OH
*
Fenton (Fenton Process)
2
H
2
O
2
/Fe
2+
UV
H
2
O
2
+ Fe
2+
3+
+ OH
-
+
OH
*
Fe
3+
+H
2
2+
+H
+
+OH
*
Quang Fenton (photo-
fenton Process)
3
H
2
O
2
/Fe
3+
UV
Fe
3+
+H
2
O
h
OH
*
+Fe
2+
+ H
+
H
2
O
2
+ Fe
2+
3+
OH
-
+ OH
*
(Modified Photo-Fenton)
15
STT
4
H
2
1/2O
2
+ H
2
*
(Electrochemical Fenton
Process)
5
O
3
/H
2
O
2
H
2
O
2
+ 2O
3
2OH
*
+ 3O
2
Peroxone Process
6
O
3
c
3O
3
+ H
2
O
2
*
+ 4O
2
Catozone Process
7
H
2
H
2
*
+ H
*
(Electrochemical
Oxidation Process)
8
H
2
H
2
*
+ H
*
- 40
kHz)
(Utrasound process)
9
H
2
electron)
H
2
*
+ H
*
(1 - 10 MeV)
10
H
2
photon UV
H
2
O
2
*
(
(UV/oxidation Process)
11
O
3
photon UV
O
3
+H
2
O
2
*
+ O
2
(UV/oxidation Process)
12
H
2
O/O
3
photon UV
O
3
+H
2
O
2
+ H
2
*
+ O
2
)
(UV/oxidation Process)
13
H
2
H
2
*
+ H
*
nm )
(VUV/oxidation Process)
14
photon UV
-
+ h
+
(Semiconductor)