Lập trình game trên di động với J2ME
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Mục lục
A. Các mức đồ họa trong J2ME
I. Tổng quan về J2ME
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II.Các thành phần đồ họa ở mức cao của ứng dụng MIDP ,
III. Các thành phần đồ họa ở mức thấp của ứng dụng MIDP
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B.Ứng dụng Game trong J2ME .
I. Sơ lược về lập trình Game trên J2ME.
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II. Xây dựng Game với Game Builder trong IDE NetBeans .
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
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A .Các mức đồ họa trong J2ME
I. Tổng quan về J2ME
1. Giới thiệu J2ME :
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2 Kiến trúc của J2ME :
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Giới thiệu các thành phần trong nền tảng J2ME:
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3 Căn bản về lập trình J2ME :
3.1 MIDlet :
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import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*
public class MidletExample extends MIDlet {
public void MIDletExample() { }
public void startApp() { }
public void pauseApp() {}
public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) { }
}
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3.2 API của J2ME :
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II.Các thành phần đồ họa ở mức cao của ứng dụng MIDP
1. Form và Items :
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a) DateField
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DateField(String label, int mode)
DateField(String label, int mode, TimeZone timeZone)
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private DateField dfAlarm;
// Tạo một đổi tượng DateField với nhãn, cho phép thay đổi cả ngày và giờ
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dfAlarm = new DateField("Set Alarm Time", DateField.DATE_TIME);
dfAlarm.setDate(new Date());
b) Gauge
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Gauge(String label, boolean interactive, int maxValue, int initialValue)
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private Gauge gaVolume; // Điều chỉnh âm lượng
gaVolume = new Gauge("Sound Level", true, 100, 4);
c) StringItem
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d) TextField
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e) ChoiceGroup
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oImage createImage(String name)
• Image createImage(Image source)
• Image createImage(byte[] imageDate, int imageOffset, int imageLength)
• Image createImage(int width, int height)
• Image createImage(Image image, int x, int y, int width, int height, int transform)
• Image createImage(InputStream stream)
• Image createRGBImage(int[] rgb, int width, int height,
boolean processAlpha)
• ImageItem(String label, Image img, int layout, String altText)
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Form fmMain = new Form("Images");
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// Create an image
Image img = Image.createImage("/house.png");
// Append to a form
fmMain.append(new ImageItem(null, img, ImageItem.LAYOUT_CENTER, null));
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2. List, Textbox, Alert, và Ticker :
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c) Alert và AlertType
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Alert(String title, String alertText, Image alertImage, AlertType alertType)
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3. Xử lý sự kiện :
a. Đối tượng Command :
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private Form fmMain; // Form
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private Command cmExit; // Command to exit the MIDlet
fmMain = new Form("Core J2ME"); // Create Form and give it a title
// Create Command object, with label, type and priority
cmExit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);
fmMain.addCommand(cmExit); // Add Command to Form
fmMain.setCommandListener(this); // Listen for Form events
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)
{
if (c == cmExit)
{
destroyApp(true);
notifyDestroyed();
}
}
b. Đối tượng Item
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private Form fmMain; // Form
private DateField dfToday; // DateField item
fmMain = new Form("Core J2ME"); // Create Form object
dfToday = new DateField("Today:", DateField.DATE); // Create DateField
fmMain.append(dfToday); // Add DateField to Form
13
fmMain.setItemStateListener(this); // Listen for Form events
public void itemStateChanged(Item item)
{
// If the datefield initiated this event
if (item == dfToday)
}
c. Ví dụ
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import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
public class EventProcessing extends MIDlet implements
ItemStateListener, CommandListener
{
private Display display; // Reference to Display object for this MIDlet
private Form fmMain; // Main Form
private Command cmExit; // Command to exit the MIDlet
private TextField tfText; // TextField component (item)
public EventProcessing()
{
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
// Create the date and populate with current date
tfText = new TextField("First Name:", "", 10, TextField.ANY);
cmExit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);
// Create the Form, add Command and DateField
// listen for events from Command and DateField
fmMain = new Form("Event Processing Example");
fmMain.addCommand(cmExit);
fmMain.append(tfText);
fmMain.setCommandListener(this); // Capture Command events (cmExit)
fmMain.setItemStateListener(this); // Capture Item events (dfDate)
}
// Called by application manager to start the MIDlet.
14
public void startApp()
{
display.setCurrent(fmMain);
}
public void pauseApp()
{ }
public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional)
{ }
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)
{
System.out.println("Inside commandAction()");
if (c == cmExit)
{
destroyApp(false);
notifyDestroyed();
}
}
public void itemStateChanged(Item item)
{
System.out.println("Inside itemStateChanged()");
}
}
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15
III. Các thành phần đồ họa ở mức thấp của ứng dụng MIDP
16
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1. Lớp Canvas
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public class MainCanvas extends Canvas{
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.setColor(255,255,255);
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g.drawString(“SMI Java”,0,0,Graphics.TOP|Graphics.LEFT);
}
}
1. Hệ tọa độ:
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protected void paint(Graphics g)
{
// Set background color to white
g.setColor(255, 255, 255);
// Fill the entire canvas
g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
}
2.Lớp Graphics:
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1. Thiết lập màu:
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int reen=127; 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
int blue=255; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
int color=(red<<16) | (green<<8) | blue;
g.setColor(color); //g là đối tượng kiểu Graphics
//Gán giá trị cho từng màu cơ bản riêng biệt:
int red=0;
int green=127;
int blue=255;
g.setcolor(red, green, blue);
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int color, red, green, blue;
color= g.getColor(); //g là đối tượng kiểu Graphics
red=(color & 0xFF0000)>>16;
green=(color & 0xFF00)>>8;
blue=color & 0xFF;
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javax.microedition.lcdui.Display.isColor().
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javax.microedition.lcdui.Display.numColors().
21
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2. Nét vẽ
Kiểu nét vẽ (stroke style): !zCAˆFCAGF/$aF
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Các phương thức vẽ:
rvoid drawLine (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
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rvoid drawArc (int x, int y, int width, int height, int startAngle, int acrAngle)
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rvoid fillArc (int x, int y, int width, int height, int startAngle, int acrAngle)
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rvoid drawRect (int x, int y, int width, int height)
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rvoid drawRoundRect (int x, int y, int width, int height, int arcW, int arcH)
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- void fillRect (int x, int y, int width, int height)
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rvoid fillRoundRect (int x, int y, int width, int height, int arcW, int arcH)
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g.drawArc(5, 5, 75, 75, 0, 225);
g.drawArc(80, 70, 75, 100, 90, 225);
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Qqng.drawRect(1, 1, 60, 40);
g.drawRoundRect(70, 50, 60, 40, 30, 40);
g.fillRect(1, 1, 60, 40);
g.fillRoundRect(70, 50, 60, 40, 30, 40);
23
Các phương thức hỗ trợ vẽ text:
rvoid drawChar (char character, int x, int y, int anchor)
z6b@character *5
rvoid drawChars (char[] data, int offset, int length, int x, int y, int anchor)
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rvoid drawString (String str, int x, int y, int anchor)
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rvoid drawSubstring (String str, int offset, int len, int x, int y, int anchor)
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rFont getFont()nX/BCL{>N
rvoid setFont ()n:{>$>BCL$-
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24
3. Font chữ:
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- Font getFont(int face, int style, int size)
- Font getFont(int fontSpecifier)
- Font getDefaultFont()
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FACE_SYSTEM
FACE_MONOSPACE
FACE_PROPORTIONAL
STYLE_PLAIN
STYLE_BOLD
STYLE_ITALIC
STYLE_UNDERLINED
SIZE_SMALL
SIZE_MEDIUM
SIZE_LARGE
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Font font = Font.getFont(Font.FACE_PROPORTIONAL, Font.STYLE_BOLD |
Font.STYLE_ITALIC, Font.SIZE_MEDIUM);
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int getFace()
int getStyle()
int getSize()
boolean isPlain()
boolean isBold()
boolean isItalic()
boolean isUnderlined()
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int getHeight()
int getBaselinePosition()
int charWidth(char ch)
25
