Luyện thi cấp tốc môn lịch sử

907
L527T
NGOC
THOl
n
16
Khiei
- Quang Ngai)
QUOC
LUYEN
THI
CAP TOC
A
THEO CAU TRUC DE THI
CUA BO GIAO DUG & DAO TAO
7" ThS.
TRl/CfNG NGOC THOll
(GV chuyen
Sit
trit&ng chuyen
Le
Khiet)
LUYEN
THI CAP TOC
MON
ucH sOr
•
THEO
CAU TRUC DE
THI
CUA

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAG
NHA XUAT
BAN DAI HOC Si/
PHAM
Chju
trach nhiem xuat ban:
Giam
doc: DINH NGOC BAO
Tdng bien tap: DINH VAN VANG
Chju
trach nhiem ngi
dung
va ban
quyen:
Nhasach HONG AN
Bien
tap ngi dung:
KIEU TRANG
KT
thuat
vi ti'nh:
Nha sach HONG AN
Trinh bay bia:
VOTH!
THQA
Ma s6':
02.02.1037/1181.
PT2012
LUYEN
THI CAP TOC

IViON
LJCHSLf
In 2000 cuo'n, khd 17 x 24cm tai Cong ti In Tin Loc - TP.Ho Chi Minh.
DSng ki ke hoach xuat ban so: 78-2012/CXB/1037-43/DHSP ngay 13/1/2012.
QOXB so: 1283/Qe - OHSP ngay 11/10/2012.
In xong va n6p li/u chieu quy i nam 2013.
ndi
(tail
Cling cac em hoc
sinh
than
men!
Hien
nay,
viec
tim ra con dtfcfng
ngSn
nhat, it ton thcfi gian nhat ma van
dat hieu qua cao trong
viec
on luyen thi mon Lich suf
nghe
chifng nhi/ kho khan
ddi
vdi cac em hoc sinh khoi 12, dac biet 1^ nhOrng em c6 nhu cau thi dai hoc
khoi
C. Cung nhif cac mon hoc
khac,
hoc tap mon Lich suf phai c6 phtfcfng phap
dung

vdi dac
thii
cua no. Chung ta difng nham
tiidng
rkng, hoc tap Lich suf chi
CO
gang nhd cho bang diigc cac sti kien, cac nien dai lich sCf la du, la xong va vi
vay nhieu em qua vat va trong
viec
co ghi nhd, nhiing cuoi cung vkn "hoc trifdc,
quen sau".
Viec
hoc tap
nhii
the, kho mong doi dat difdc ket qua cao trong khi
lam bai thi mon Lich stf.
De
giiip
cac em
khSc
phuc nhCfng kho khan do, hi/dng cho cac em tim ra con
dirdng
ngan nhat trong
viec
tiep thu kien thufc mon Lich suf Idp 12, chuan bi thi
dai
hoc khoi C, chung toi bien
soan
cudn "LUYEN THI CAP TOC MON
LICH

SU". On tap la de
giiip
cac em nam lai toan bo nhflng kien thufc rat ccf
ban cua chtfong
trinh
Lich suf Idp 12. Luyen thi la de
giiip
cac em tiep can vdi
cac cau hoi cd
tinh
chat
vCra md rpng, vCra nang cao, tiicfng ufng vdi cac cau hoi
thifdng
gap trong cac ki tuyen sinh dai hoc mon Lich suf. Nam vufng kien thufc
CO
ban va tra Idi diiqc cac cau hoi on tap trong
sach
nay, cac em se vufng tin
btfdc vao cac ki thi trtfdc mat.
Sach
gom ba phan:
Phdn
mot: He
thong
kien
thiic
Lich sii the
giai
til nam 1945 den nam
2000.

Phdn
hai: He
thong
kien
thiic
Lich sH
Viet
Nam til nam 1919 den nam
2000.
(M6i
phan he thong kien thufc, c6 neu cau hoi va hiTdng dan tra Idi rat cu the)
Phdn
ba: Gidi
thieu
de thi dai hoc tic nam
2005
den nam 2012.
Hi
vong rang,
"LLT^N
THI CAP TOC MON
LICH
Sl>' se la tai lieu hOU ich
ddi
vdi thay c6
giao
va cac em hoc sinh trong
viec
day va hoc mon Lich suf Idp 12.
Mac dau cd nhieu cd gang trong bien

soan,
song
khd tranh khoi nhufng sai sot,
rat mong sq g6p y
chan
thanh tii quy thay c6
giao
va cac em hoc sinh.
TAG
GIA
3
PhAN
M"T
HE
THONG KIEN THLfC UCH SLf THE GlCfl
TLf
NAM
1
945 DEN NAM
2000
TRAT
TLT THE
Gidl
SAU
CHIEN
TRANH
THE
Gldl
THUf
HAI

I
(1945-1949)
1. Hpi
nghi
lanta
va s\i
thoa
thuan
ciia
ba
ci^ofng
quoc
- TU ngay 4 den ngay
11/2/1945,
Hoi nghi quoc te' dtfoc trieu tap a lanta
(Lien
X6) vdi sif tham dii ciia nguyen thu ba ciidng quoc Lien X6, Mi, Anh. Hoi
nghi
da diTa ra nhufng quyet
dinh
quan trong:
+ Nhanh chong tieu diet chij nghia phat xit Dufc va chij nghia quan phiet Nhat.
+ Thanh lap to chiic Lien hcfp quoc.
+ Phan chia pham vi anh htfdng giuTa ba cifcrng quoc d chau Au va chau A.
- He qua: NhOrng quyet
dinh
ciia Hoi nghi lanta cung nhufng thoa thuan sau
do
cua ba ctidng quoc da tro thanh khuon kho ciia trat ta the
gidri

mdi,
thiidng
diJcfc
goi la "Trat tif hai cUc lanta".
2. Si^
thanh
lap
Lien
hoTp
quoc
- TLJ ngay 25/4 den ngay
26/6/1945,
mot hoi nghi quo'c te Idn da hop tai-Xan
Phranxixco (Ml) de thong qua ban Hien chifcfng va tuyen bo' thanh lap Lien
hgp quoc.
- Muc dich cua Lien hcfp quoc la duy tri hoa binh va an
ninh
the
gidi,
phat
trien
cac moi quan he huTu nghi giuTa cac dan toe va tien hanh sii hop tac quo'c
te giufa cac niiofc tren ccf so ton trpng nguyen tac binh
d&ng
va quyen tii quyet
cua cac dan toe.
- Nguyen tac hoat dong:
+ Binh ding chu quyen giufa c^e quo'c gia va quyen
t\i
quyet

cua cac dan toe.
+ Ton trong
toan
ven lanh tho va doc lap chinh tri
ciaa
tat ca cac nLfdc.
+ Chung song hoa binh va sii nhat tri giufa 5
n\idc
Idn: Mi, Anh, Lien X6,
Trung
Quoc.
- Cac ecf quan: Dai hoi dong. Hoi dong Bao an, Ban Thif ki. Ngoai ra con c6
Hoi
dong
Kinh
te - Xa hoi. Hoi dong Quan thae, Toa An quo'c te
LIEN
X6 VA CAC
NUCfC
DONG
AU (1945 -
1991).
LIEN
BANG
NGA (1991 -
2000)
1.
Lien
X6
a.

Cong
cuoc
khoi
phuc
kinh
te d Lien X6 (1945 - 1950)
^
Hoan
canh
lich
sijf:
5
Lien
X6 la ni/drc chiu ton that nang ne nhat trong
cuoc
Chien tranh the gidi
thijf
hai: Hcfn 27
trieu
ngifcfi
chet;
1.710 thanh phd, hcfn
70.000
lang mac, gan
32.000
nha may, xi
nghiep
hi tan pha.
* NhSng thanh ti^u dat difgfc:
- Hoan thanh thang

Icfi
ke
hoach
5 nam (1946 - 1950) tn/dc thcfi han 9 thang.
- Nen san xuat
cong
nghiep
dugc
phuc
hoi nSm 1947. Den nam 1950 san
lifcrng
cong
nghiep
tang 73% so vdi trtforc chien tranh.
- San xuat
nong
nghiep
nam 1950 dat mure trtfdrc chien tranh.
- Nam 1949, Lien X6 che tao thanh
cong
bom nguyen tuf, pha vd the doc
quyen vu khi nguyen tuf cua Mi.
6. Lien Xd tiep tuc xdy dUng cd sd vat chat - ki thuat cua CNXH (tH
nam 1950 den nika ddu nhitng nam 70)
- Lien X6 trd thanh ctfdng
quoc
cong
nghiep
dufng thuf hai tren the
gidri

(sau
Ml),
chie'm khoang 20% tong san Itfong
cong
nghiep
toan the
gidri.
- Lien X6 la niidrc dau tien
phong
thanh
cong
ve
tinh
nhan tao cua
Trai
Dat.
Nam 1961,
phong
con tau vu tru PhUcfng
Dong
diia nha du hanh vu try Gagarin
bay
vong
quanh
Trai
Dat.
- Ve doi ngoai: Lien X6 chu trtfcfng duy tri hoa binh, an ninh the
gidri,
ung
ho

phong
tr^o giai
phong
dan toe, giiip da cac ntfdrc xa hoi chu nghla.
2. Cac
TivCSc
Dong Au
- Trong nhufng nam 1944 - 1945, khi Hong quan Lien X6
truy
kich quan dpi
phat xit qua vung
Dong
Au, nhan dan
Dong
Au noi day gianh chinh quyen va
thanh
lap cac Nha niidrc dan chu nhan dan.
- Cac
nUdc
dan chu nhan dan
Dong
Au da
hoan
thanh cac nhiem vu quan
trong:
xay difng bg may nha nifdrc mdi, tien hanh cai
each
rugng dat,
quQ'e
huTu

hda tai san cua ttf ban niJcrc ngoai, ban hanh cac quyen tii do dan chu vao
nhufng nam 1945 - 1949.
- Trong nhufng nam 1950 - 1975, cac ni/drc
Dong
Au thifc hien nhieu ke
hoach
5 nam nham xay diing co sdr vat cha't - ki thuat ciia chu nghla xa hgi va
dat nhieu thanh
tifu
to
Idrn.
3. Quan he hdp tac givta cac midc xa hpi chu nghia
a. Quan he kinh te, van hod, hhoa hoc - ki thuat
-
Ngay
8/1/1949,
Hgi
dong
Tuong trg
Kinh
te (viet tat la SEV)
dugc
thanh
lap gom cac ntfcrc: Lien X6, Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari, Hunggari, Rumani, Tiep
Khac; sau nay c6 them cac nifdrc CHDC Dijfc
(1950),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Mong
Cd
(1962),

Cong
hoa
Cuba
(1972),
Cong
hoa Xa hgi Chu nghla Viet Nam
(1978).
- Mue tieu cua SEV la tang ctfdng sif hop tac giufa cac nirdc xa hgi chu nghla,
thuc day sif tien bg ve khoa hge - kl thuat, khdng ngifng nang cao
mufc
sd^ng
cua nhan dan cac
nxidc
thanh vien.
b. Quan he chinh tri - qudn syC
-
Ngky
14/5/1955; cac ntfcrc Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari,
CHDC
Dtfc, Hunggari,
Lien X6, Rumani,
Tiep
Khac da hop tai
Vacsava,
cung nhau ki Hiep ifcrc hOu nghi,
hcfp tac va tifcfng
trcf
danh dau si/ ra dcfi cua To chuTc Hiep i/crc
Vacsava.
- Muc tieu: thanh lap lien minh phong thu ve quan siT va chinh tri cua cac

midc
xa hoi chu nghia chau Au.
4. Lien
bang
Nga (1991- 2000)
Sau khi Lien X6 tan ra, Lien bang Nga la
"quo'c
gia ke tuc Lien X6".
- Ve dol noi, Nga phai do'i mat vdi hai thach thufc lorn la
tinh
trang khong
on dinh do sii tranh chap giuTa cac dang phai va nhOfng vu xung dot sdc toe.
- Ve mat do'i ngoai, mot mat Nga nga ve phiiong Tay vdi hi vong nhan di/Oc
sU ung ho ve chinh tri va sii vien trcr ve
kinh
te; mat khac, khoi phuc va phat
trien
mo'i quan he vdi cac
midc
chau A.
- TCf dau nam 2000, chinh phu cua
Tong
tho'ng Putin c6'
gSng
phat trien
kinh
te, cung cd nha niJdrc phap quyen, on dinh
tinh
hinh
xa hoi v^ nang cao vi

the
quo'c
te cua nildc Nga.
III.
CAC
NUCIC
A, PHI VA MT
LATINH
(1945 -
2000)
1. Si^ thanh lap ni^dfc Cpng hoa
Nhan
dan Trung Hoa va thanh ti^u
10 nam dau xay di^ng che do mdi (1949 - 1959)
-
Ngay
1/10/1949, nUdrc
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Trung Hoa chinh thufc thanh
lap,
dufng dau la Chu
tich
Mao Trach Dong.
- Day la sif kien c6 y nghia lich suf to 16n khong nhOfng do'i vdri Trung
Quo'c
ma con do'i vdi phong trao giai phong dan toe tren the gidi:
+ Cham
dilt
hcfn 100 nam no dich cua de quoc, xoa bo tan dif phong kien. Difa
nirdc

Trung Hoa biidc vac ki nguyen doc lap, tii do va tien len
chii
nghia xa hoi.
+ Anh hifdng sau sSc tdi phong trao giai phong dan toe the gidi.
- De khac phuc
tinh
trang
ngheo
nan lac hau, dong
thdi
xay difng va phat
trien
dat nifdc, Trung
Quo'c
thiic hien thang Igi cong
cuoc
khoi phuc
kinh
te
(1950 - 1952) va ke hoach 5 nam dau tien (1953 - 1957). Bo mat dat ntfdc c6
nhuTng thay doi ro ret.
- Ve do'i ngoai, thi hanh chinh sach ngoai
giao
tich
ciic
nhSm cijng c6' hoa
binh
va thuc day sir phat trien cua phong trao
each
mang the gidi.

Ngay
18/1/1950, Trung
Qude
thiet lap quan he ngoai
giao
vdi Viet Nam.
2.
Cong cupc cai each - md cvLa {tH nam 1978)
- Thang 12/1978, Trung licfng Dang
Cong
san Trung
Quo'c
de ra diTcfng Idi
doi mdi, mcf dau eho cong
cuoc
cai
each
kinh
te - xa hoi. Diidng lo'i nay diicJc
F
I
I
nang len thanh di/cfng loi chung cua Dai hoi XII (thang 9/ 1982), dac biet la
Dai
hoi XIII (thang 10/1987) cua Dang: lay phat trien
kinh
te lam trung tam;
tien
hanh cai
each

va md cufa, chuyen nen
kinh
te ke hoach ho^ tap trung sang
kinh
te' thi trtfcrng xa hoi chu nghla, nhkm hien dai hoa va xay ditag chu nghia
xa hoi mang mau s&c Trung
Quo'c,
vdri muc tieu bien Trung
Quo'c
thanh
quo'c
gia
giau manh, dan chu v^ van minh.
- Sau 20 nam thtfc hien difcrng loi cai each, da't
niidc
Truftg
Quo'c
c6 nhuTng
bien doi c&n ban va dat nhOfng thanh
tiiu
to Idfn:
+ GDP tang trung binh hang nSm 8%; nSm 2000, GDP dat 1.080 ti USD,
dcfi
song nhan dan difgc cai thien ro ret.
+ Dat nhieu thanh
tiAi
ve khoa hoc - kl thuat, van hoa v^
giao
due. Tii
thang

11/1999 den thang 3/2003, Trung
Quo'c
da phong 4 con tau "Than Chau"
va
ngay
15/10/2003, tau "Than Chau 5" cung nha du hanh Duong Loi VI da bay
vao khong gian vu try.
- Ve doi ngoai, Trung
Quo'c
c6 nhieu thay doi.
+ Da binh thtfcfng hoa quan he vdi Lien X6, Viet Nam, Mong Co, khoi
phuc quan he ngoai
giao
vdri Indonexia
+ Md rong quan he
hufu
nghi, hap tac vdri cac ntidrc tren the' gidri; c6 nhieu
dong gop trong
viec
giai quye't cac tranh chap
quo'c
te.
3.
Sijf thanh lap cac quoc gia dpc lap d Dong Nam A
a. Vai net chung ve qua trinh dau tranh gianh doc lap
- TrUdrc Chie'n tranh the gidri
thuf
hai, hau he't cac nUdrc trong khu viic
(trtr
Thai Lan) deu la thuoc dia cua de

quoc
Au - Mi.
Ngay
khi Nhat Ban d4u hang
Dong minh, nhan dan cac niJdrc Dong Nam A nhanh chong noi day gianh chinh
quyen, tieu bieu la Indonexia, Viet Nam v^ L^o.
+
Ngay
17/8/1945, nhan dan Indonexia tuyen bo doc lap va thanh lap
niTdrc
Cong
hoa Indonexia.
+ Thang 8/1945, nhan dan Viet Nam tie'n hanh
Tong
khdri
nghia;
ngay
2/9/1945, nifdrc Viet Nam Dan
chii
Cong
hoa ra
ddri.
+ Thang 8/1945, nhan dan cac bo toe Lao noi day, den
ngay
12/10, midc
lAo tuyen bo doc lap.
- Sau do, Xhxic dan Au - Ml quay trd lai tai chie'm Dong Nam A. Nhan dan
cac midc Dong Nam A lai tie'n hanh khang chien ehong xam lifgc.
+ Vdri thang \ai cua chie'n dich Dien Bien Phu Viet Nam
(1954)

buoc
Phap
phai
ki ke't Hiep dinh
Gionevcf
cong nhan cac quyen dan toe cor ban cua Viet
Nam, Lao, Campuchia.
+ Thang 5/1949, Ha Lan phai cong nhan
Cong
hoa Lien bang Indonexia
va
ngay
15/8/1950, nifdrc
Cong
hoa Indonexia thong nhat dtfgc thanh lap.
8
+ Cac nxidc Au - Mi Ian
lucrt
cong nhan doc lap cua cac niTdrc Philippin
(1946), Mien Dien"(1948), Ma Lai (1957), Xingapo (1959), Viet Nam, Lao,
Campuchia (1975), Brunay (1984), Dong Timo (2002).
b. Lao (1945 - 1975)
* Cugc khdng chien chong Phdp (1945 ~ 1954)
-
Ngay
12/10/1945, chinh phu Lao ra mat quoc dan va tuyen bo doc lap.
- Tif nSm 1945 den nam 1975, nhan dan L^o tien hanh cuoc khang chien
chong
Phap
(1945 - 1954), roi khang chien chong Ml (1954 - 1975).

- Thang 2/1973, Hiep
dinh
Vieng Chan dUcfc ki ket ve lap lai hoa
binh
va
thuc
hien hoa hop dan toe cr Lao.
-
Ngay
2/12/1975, niidrc Cong hoa Dan chij Nhan dan Lao ehinh thufe thanh
lap.
TCr do, nu'dc Lao btidre sang
thcfi
ki mdfi - xay difng dat nifdrc va phat trien
kinh
tS' - xa hoi.
c.
Campuchia
- Tif cuoi nam 1945 den nam 1954, nhan dan Campuchia tien hanh cuoc
khang
chien chong thiTc dan Phap.
Ngay
9/11/1953,
Phap
ki hiep Lfdre trao tra
doc lap cho Campuchia.
- TCr nam 1954 den dau nam 1970, chinh phu Xihanue thifc hien diidng loi
hoa
binh
trung

lap.
-
Ngay
17/4/1975, thu do Phnom Penh diioc giai phong, cuoc khang chien
chong Ml cua nhan dan Campuchia ket thuc thang loi.
-
Ngay
7/1/1979, thu do Phnom Penh dtfoc giai phong khoi che' do Khome
do diet chiing, Campuchia biiorc vao
thcfi
ki hoi sinh, xay diing lai dat nxidc.
- Tif nam 1979 den nam 1991, d Campuchia da dien ra cuoc noi chien keo
dai
hem 10 nam giufa liic lifcfng cua Dang Nhan dan Cach mang vdri cac phe
phai
doi lap, chu yeu la life lifang Khome do. Sau cuoc tong tuyen cuf thang
9/1993,
Quoc
hoi
mdri
da thong qua Hien phap, tuyen bo' thanh lap Vuang quoc
Campuchia do N. Xihanue lam
Quoc
vifOng. TC/ do, Campuchia h\i6c sang mot
thcri
ki mdi.
4.
Qua trinh xay difng va phat trien cua cac nufdc
Dong
Nam A

Nhom 5 niidc sang lap ASEAN
- Sau khi gianh difgc doc lap, nhom 5 nircrc sang lap
ASEAN
deu tien hanh
eong
nghiep hoa, xay diftig nen
kinh
te tii chu. Tap
trung
day manh phat trien cac
nganh cong nghiep san xuat hang tieu dung noi dia thay the hang nhap khau.
- Thanh
tiiu:
dap uTng difgc nhu eau cua nhan dan, phat trien mot so nganh
che bie'n, che tao giai quye't nan that nghiep.
- Tif nhufng nam 60 - 70 trd di, cac ruidc nay ehuyen sang chien lirgc lay
xuat
khau lam chu dao, thifc hien chinh sach "mo cufa" nen
kinh
te, thu hut von
9
dau tii va ki thuat cua nifdc ngoai, tap trung hang hoa de xuat khau, phat
trien
ngoai thi/ong.
- Thanh
tiAi:
ti trpng
cong
nghiep
trong nen

kinh
te
quoc
dan da lorn han
nong
nghiep, mau dich ddi ngoai tang
triidng
nhanh.
5.
SiJf
ra dofi va phat trien cua to chu!c ASEAN
- ASEAN ra ddi vao nijfa sau nhufng nam 60 cua the ki XX, trong boi canh:
+
Cac ntfdc trong khu vifc sau khi gianh doc lap can c6 sif hop tac vdfi
nhau
Cling
phat
trien.
+
Han che anh htfong ciia cac the life ben ngoai do'i
vdri
khu vifc.
+
Su that bai ciia Ml trong
cuoc
chien tranh xam lifgc Viet Nam khong
the tranh khoi.
+
Cac to
chufc

lien ke't khu viic xuat hien
ngay
cang
nhieu, tieu bieu la
Lien
minh
chau
Au.
-
Ngay
8/8/1967,
Hiep hoi cac nifdrc
Dong
Nam A (ASEAN)
difcfc
thanh lap
tai
Bang Coc (Thai Lan) v6i s\i tham gia cua 5 niidc: Indonexia, Malaixia,
Xingapo,
Thai Lan va Philippin.
- Muc tieu ciia ASEAN la tien hanh hop tac giCfa cac nif6c thanh vien nhkm
phat
trien
kinh
te va van hoa tren
tinh
than duy
tri
hoa binh va on dinh khu vi/c.
- Nhang thanh

tifu
cua ASEAN:
+
Thang
2/1976,
ki Hiep
i/orc
than thien va hop tac cf
Dong
Nam A (Hiep i/drc
Bali)
nham xac dinh nhufng nguyen tac ccf ban trong quan he giOfa cac nifcfc.
+
Giai quyet van de Campuchia
bang
cac giai
phap
chinh tri, nhcf do
quan he giiifa cac
ni/<5c
ASEAN va ba nifdrc
Dong
Di/ong
difoc
cai thien.
+
Md rong thanh vien cua ASEAN, nhat la tif nufa sau thap ki 90: Viet
Nam
(1995),
Lao va Mianma

(1997),
Campuchia
(1999).
+
ASEAN day manh
boat
dong
hop tac
kinh
te, van hoa nhkm xay ditag
mot
Cong
dong
ASEAN ve
kinh
te, anh ninh va van hoa vao nam 2015.
6. CuQC dau tranh gianh doc lap of An Do
- Sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuf hai,
cuoc
dau tranh
chong
thiTc dan Anh, doi
doc lap
difdi
sii lanh dao cua Dang
Quoc
dai bung len manh me. Trifdrc siifc ep
cua

phong
trao dau tranh da lam cho thiTc dan Anh phai nhifong bo, hijfa se
trao quyen
tti
tri
cho An Do. Tren co scr thoa thuan nay,
ngay
15/8/1947,
An Do
da tach thanh hai
quoc
gia: An Do va Pakixtan.
- Khong thoa man vdi quy che tif
tri,
ngay
26/1/1950,
An Do tuyen bo' doc
lap va thanh lap Nha nirdc
Cong
hoa.
7. Cong CUQC xay dijfng dat nvCdc d An Dp
- An Do dat
difoc
nhieu thanh
tiTu
to lorn ve
nong
nghiep
va
cong

nghiep
trong
cong
cuoc
xay ditog dat nxldc.
10
- Nhd tien hanh
cuoc
"each
mang xanh" trong
nong
nghiep, tii giOfa nhOfng
nam 70 cua the ki XX, An Do da tiT tuc
dtfoc
lifcfng thiTc va den nam 1995, la
ni/(Jc xuat .khau gao dufng
thijf
ba tren the gi(5i.
- Nen
cong
nghiep
da san xuat
difoc
nhieu may moc nhiX may bay, tau thuy,
xe hoi, dau may xe lufa va suf dung nang li/ang hat nhan vao san xuat dien.
- Ve khoa hoc - kl thuat. An Do dang co
gang
vufon len h^ng cac
cufcfng
quoc

cong
nghe
phan mem,
cong
nghe
hat nhan,
cong
nghe
vu
tru
Cuoc
"cAch
mang chat xam" bat dau iii nhuCng nam 90 da diia An Do thanh mot trong
nhiJng
n\idc san xuat phan mem
Idfn
nhat the
gidri.
- Ve do'i ngoai, An Do
theo
duoi chlnh
sach
hoa binh, trung lap tich ciic,
luon luon ung ho
cuoc
dau tranh gianh doc lap cua cac dan toe.
8. Dau tranh gianh dpc lap cf chau Phi
- Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai, nhat la tii nhijfng nam 50,
cuoc
dau tranh

gianh doc lap
diln
ra soi noi a
chau
Phi, khcri dau la Ai Cap va
Libi
thuoc
Bac Phi.
- Nam 1960 dtrgrc gpi la "Nam
chau
Phi" vdi 17
n\j6c
diioc
trao tra doc lap.
- Nam 1975, cac ntfotc Modambich va Angola da lat do
dLfcfc
ach thong tri
cua thi/c dan Bo Dao Nha.
- Tii nam 1980, nhan dan Nam
Rodedia
va Tay Nam Phi da gianh thang loi
trong
cuoc
dau tranh
cho'ng
che do phan biet chiing toe.
- Dae biet nam 1993, tai Nam Phi da chinh thufe xoa bo che do phan biet
chung toe va thang
4/1994
da tien hanh

euoc
bau cuf dan chu da chijng toe dau
tien:
Nenxon Mandela - lanh tu ngiidi da den ndi tieng trd thanh
Tong
thong
ciia
Cong
hoa Nam Phi. Day la mot thang Igi c6 y nghia lich sijf, danh dau sii
sup do
hoan
toan cua chu nghIa thiTc dan.
9. Dau tranh gianh doc lap of Mi
Latinh
- Sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuf hai. Ml tim
each
bien Ml Latinh thanh "san
sau" cua minh va xay
diftig
cac che do doe tai than Ml.
-
Cuoc
dau tranh
cho'ng
che do doe tai than Ml bung no va phat
trien.
Tieu
bieu 1^ thang Igi cua

each
mang
Cuba
diidri
s\i lanh dao cua Phiden Catxtoro.
Ngay
1/1/1959,
che do Batixta sup do, nxidc
Cong
hoa
Cuba
ra dcfi do Phiden
Catxtoro dufng dau.
- Vao eae
th§p
nien 60 - 70,
phong
trao dau tranh
cho'ng
Mi va che do doc
t^
than Ml a khu v\ic
cang
phat
trien
va thu nhieu thang
Icfi.
- Cao trao dau tranh vu trang bung no manh me d Mi Latinh nen khu v\ic
nay
difOc

goi la "lue dia bung
chay".
Phong
trao dau tranh vu trang
chohg
che
do doc tai d cAc ntfdte
Venexuela,
Goatemala,
Colombia,
Peru,
Niearagoa,
Chile,
En
Xanvado
da dign ra lien tuc.
11
IV.
Ml,
TAY AU,
NHAT
BAN
(1945
-
2000)
O
MI
1. Kinh te,
khoa
hoc ki

thu|it
va chinh
sach
doi
ngoai
cua Mi (1945 - 1973)
a.
Kinh
te
- Sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuf hai, nen
kinh
te Mi phat trien manh me:
+ San
liigng
cong nghiep chiem hern 1/2 san Itfcfng cong nghiep the' gidri.
+ 3/4 TriJ
iLfcfng
vang the
gidri
tSp trung d Mi.
+ Ml trd thanh nifdrc tii ban chii nghia giau manh nhat.
- Nguyen nhan:
+ Lanh tho Mi rong 16n, tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu, nguon nhan
liTc doi dao,
trinh
do ki thuat eao, nang dong,
sang
tao.

+ Khong bi chien tranh the
gidri
thuf hai tan pha, niidre Mi yen on phat
trien
kinh
te, lam giau nhb ban vu khi va phUcfng tien chien tranh.
+ Mi ap dung thanh
tUU
khoa hoe - ki thuat de nang cao nang
suat
lao dong.
b.
Khoa
hoc - ki
thuat
- La nifdc
khdi
dau
cuoc
each
mang khoa hoc - ki thuat hien dai va da dat
difoc nhieu thanh
tifu
to
Idrn.
- La mot trong nhiJng nLfdre di dau trong cac
linh
viie che tao cong cu san
xuat mdi (may
tinh

dien tuf, may tu dong); vat lieu
mdfi
(polime, vat lieu tong
hap);
nSng
li/ang m6i (nang luang nguyen tuf, nhiet
haeh);
chinh phuc vu try
(dufa
ngiidi
len Mat trSng nSm
1969),
va di dau
cuoc
"each
mang xanh" trong
nong nghiep
c. Doi
ngoai
- Sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuf hai, Mi trien khai chien
\iiac
toan cau
vcri
tham vong lam ba ehii the
gidri.
Ba mye tieu eua Chien lucfc toan cau:
+ Cho'ng he thong xa hoi chu nghia.
+ Day lui phong trao giai phong dan toe, phong trao cong nhan, phong

tr^o
hoa binh dan ehu tren the
gidri.
+ Khong che cac niidrc t\i ban dong minh phy thuoc vao Mi.
- De thye hien cac mye tieu chien liige tren. Mi da:
+ Khai xydrng
cuoc
chien tranh lanh.
+ Tien hanh nhieu
cuoc
bao loan, dao chinh va cac
cuoc
chien tranh xam
Itfgc, tieu bieu la
cuoc
chien tranh xam lygc Viet Nam keo dai horn 20 nSm
(1954 -
1975).
- Sau Chien tranh lanh, chinh quyen Tong thong Clinton da de ra Chien
luge Cam ket va Ma rong
vdri
ba mue tieu:
+ Bao dam an ninh ciia Mi
vcri
lye li/gng quan sy manh, sSn
sang
chien dau.
12
+
Tang

CLfcrng
khoi
phuc
va phat
trien
tlnh
nang
dong
va
sufc
manh cua
nen
kinh
te Mi. - •
+
Suf dung
khaii
hieu "Thiic day dan chu" de can thiep vao
cong
viec
noi
bo cua nifdrc khac.
- Muc tieu bao
trum
cua Mi \k muoh thiet lap
trat
tif the
gidri
"dcfn ciic",
trong

do Mi trcr thanh sieu CLfdng duy nhat,
dong
vai tro lanh dao the'
gidfi.
2.
Kinh
te va
chinh
sach doi ngoai
ciia
Mi (1973 - 1991)
a.
Kinh
te
- Tii nam 1973 den nam 1982,
kinh
te Ml lam vao suy thoai va khiing hoang.
- Tii nam 1983
trcf
di,
kinh
te Ml
phuc
hoi va phat
trien
trcr lai. Mi van la
nifdc dvjfng dau the gidi ve
sufc
manh
kinh

te - tai chinh.
b. Doi ngoai
- Sau khi that bai cf Viet Nam, Ml phai ki Hiep dinh Pari
(1973)
va rut
quan ve niforc, cac chinh quyen Mi tiep tuc
trien
khai "chien liicfc toan cau".
- Vdfi hoc thuyet Rigan, Mi tang ciicfng
chay
dua vu trang.
- Tii giOfa nhCfng nam 80, Mi cung Lien X6 tuyen bo
cham
duft Chien
tranh
lanh,
mcf ra thW ki
mdri
tren trifcfng
quoc
te.
3.
Kinh
te va
chinh
sach doi ngoai cua Mi (1991 -
2000)
a.
Kinh
te

- Trong
suo't
thap ki 90,
kinh
te Mi c6 nhiJng deft suy thoai nhtfng vSn dufng
dau the
gidri.
- Ni/drc Mi tao ra 25% gia tri tong san pham ciia toan the gidi va c6 vai tro
chi
phdi hau het cac to
chufc
kinh
te - tai chinh
quoc
te.
6. Doi ngoai: Chinh quyen B. Clintcfn
theo
duoi ba muc tieu ccf ban cua
chien lifcfc "Cam ket va md rpng". Do la:
+
Bao dam an ninh ciia Mi
vdri
liic
liiong quan sif manh, sSn
sang
chien dau.
+
Tang ciidng khoi
phuc
va phat

trien
tinh
nang
dong
va
sufc
manh ciia nen
kinh
te Mi
+
Sijf dung khau hieu "Thuc day dan
chii"
de can thiep vao
cong
viec
noi bo
cua niTdrc khac.
- Sau khi Chien
tranh
lanh ket thuc
(1989),
trat
tif hai
ciTc
lanta tan ra
(1991),
Mi tim
each
viian len chi phoi, lanh dao the
gidri.

Tuy nhien the
gidri
khong bao gicf
chap
nhan, vu khung bo
ngay
11/9/2001
da chufng to dieu do.
O TAY AU
1.
Kinh
te va
chinh
sach doi ngoai cua Tay Au (1945 - 1973)
a.
Kinh
te
- Chien
tranh
the
gidri
thuf
hai da de lai cho cac niJdfc Tay Au nhieu hau qua
nang ne.
13
+ Nhieu thanh pho, nha may, ben
cang,
khu cong nghiep, di/dng
giao
thong bi tan pha. Hang trieu

ngLfcri
chet,
mat tich
hoac
bi tan phe.
+ CJ Ph^p, nam 1945 san xuat cong nghiep chi bang 38% va nong nghiep
chi bang 50% so
vdri
nam 1938; ItaUa ton that khoang 1/3 cua cai
quoc
gia.
- Tuy nhien, vdi sir c6' gang
ciaa
tCfng
niidc
va vien tra cua MI trong khuon
kho "Ke
hoach
Macsan",
den khoang nam 1950,
kinh
te cac ntrdrc tu ban Tay
Au
da
CO
ban phuc hoi, dat mufc tri/dc chien tranh.
- TCr thap nien 50 den dau nhufng nam 70, nen
kinh
te cua cac nifdfc tU ban
chu yeu d Tay Au deu c6 s\i phat trien nhanh.

- TCr dau thap nien 70 tror di, Tay Au da trd thanh mot trong ba trung tarn
kinh
te - tai chinh
lorn
cua the
gidi
(cung
vdfi
Mi va Nhat Ban). Cac ni/drc tii
ban chu yeu a Tay Au nhtf Anh,
Phap,
CHLB Dufc, Italia, Thuy Dien,
Phan
Lan deu c6 nen khoa hoc - ki thuat phat trien cao, hien dai.
- Sd di cac
n\idc
Tay Au phat trien
kinh
te nhanh
nhii
vay la do mot so yeu
to sau:
+ Cac ni/drc nay da phat trien va ap dung thanh cong cac thanh
tiAi
cua
each
mang khoa hoc - kl thuat hien dai.
+ Nha
niidc
dong vai tro

Idfn
trong
viec
quan li, dieu tiet, thuc day nen
kinh
te.
+ Cac niidrc tif ban d Tay Au da tan dung tot cac ccf hoi ben ngoai nhi/ nguon
vien
trcf cua Mi, tranh thu difcfc gia nguyen lieu re t\i cac ntfofc thupc the
gidti
thtf
ba, hop tac c6 hieu qua trong khuon kho cua Cong dong
chau
Au
(EC)
+
Sii n5 liic phan dau cua chinh
ngifdi
dan lao dong 6 cac nLfdfc nay.
b. Doi
ngoai
Trong khuon kho ciia chien tranh lanh va trat tif the'
gidri
hai
cifc
lanta, tif
nam 1950 den nam 1973, nhieu nLfdrc tif ban Tay Au mot mat vSn tiep tuc
chinh
sach
lien minh

chat
che vdi Mi, mat khdc da no life mor rong hcfn nura
quan he doi ngoai.
2. Kinh te va chinh
sach
doi
ngoai
cika Tay Au (1973 - 1991)
a.
Kinh
te
- Do tac dong cua
cuoc
khung hoang nang lifong the gicd, cung
nhxi
Mi va Nhat
Ban, tif nam 1973 nhieu nifcrc tif ban chu nghia cr Tay Au bi lam vao khiing hoang
va suy thoai
hoac
phat trien khong on
dinh
keo dki den dau thap nien 90.
- Tuy van la mot trong ba trung tam
kinh
te - tai chinh
lorn
cua the
gidri,
nhiftig
kinh

te tif ban chu nghia d Tay Au gap khong it kho khan. Sif phat trien
thi/crng
dien ra xen ke
vdfi
khung hoang, suy thoai vk lam phat, that nghiep.
- Tay Au luon gap phai sif
canh
tranh quyet liet tif phia Mi, Nhat Ban vk
cac nifdfc cong nghiep
mdfi
(NICs). Qua
trinh
"nhat the hoa" Tay Au trong
khuon
kho Cong dong
chau
Au (EC) vln con nhieu kho khan va
trdf
ngai.
14
6. Doi ngoai
- Thang 11/1972; viec ki ket hiep
dinh
ve nhufng ccf sd cua quan he
giiJa
Cong hoa
Lien
bang Dufc va Cong hoa Dan chu Dufc lam cho
tinh
hinh

Tay Au
CO diu di.
- Tiep do ve viec cac nifdc Tay Au tham gia
Dinh
\idc
Henxinki
ve an
ninh
va hop tac chau Au (1975).
- Thang 11/1989, bufc
tiforng
Beclin bi pha bo, sau do khong lau, nifdc DuTc da
tdi
thong nhat (3/10/1990).
3.
Kinh
te va
chinh
sach
doi ngoai cua Tay Au (1991 - 2000)
a.
Kinh
te
- Bade vao dau thap ki 90, nen
kinh
te nhieu nqdre Tay Au da
trai
qua mot
dot suy
thoai

ngkn.
- Tii khoang 1994
trcf
di
kinh
te Tay Au da bat dau phuc hoi va phat
trien
trd
lai.
- Tay Au
tror
thanh
mot
trong
ba
trung
tam
kinh
te - tai chinh the
gidri.
6. Doi ngoai
- Co sir dieu chinh quan
trong trong
boi canh chien
tranh
lanh
da ket
thiic,
trat
tq the

gidri
hai cqc
lanta
tan ra. Cu the:
+
Anh van duy tri
lien
minh
chat che v6i Mi.
+
Phap va Dijfc
trdr
thanh
nhuTng doi
trong
vdri
Mi
trong
nhieu van de
quoc
te
quan
trong.
+
Cac nqdrc Tay Au deu chu y mdr rong quan he khong chi
vcri
cac nUdfc
tiX
ban
phat

trien
khac ma con ca v6i cac nqdrc dang phat
trien
of A, Phi, Mi
Latinh
cung nhq
vdfi
cac nqdrc Dong Au va
Lien
X6 cu.
- Tii sau ngay 11/9/2001,
nhiJng
vu khung bo' ciia cac
life
Ixiang
Hoi giao cxic
doan luon de doa nen an
ninh
cua nhieu nLfdrc Tay Au.
4.
Lien
minh
chau
Au (EU)
- Ngay 18/4 - 1951, 6
niidc
Tay Au (gom Phap, CHLB Dufc,
Italia,
Bi, H^
Lan,

Liicxambua) da
thanh
lap "Cong dong Than - Thep chau Au".
- Ngay 25/3/1957, 6 nifdrc nay lai ki Hiep qdrc Roma,
thanh
lap "Cong dong
Nang
li/qng
nguyen tuf chau Au" va "Cong dong
Kinh
te chau Au" (EEC).
- Den ngay
1/7/1967,
ba to chufc
tren
da difqc hop nhat lai
thanh
"Cong
dong chau Au" (EC), va thang 12/1991, cac nJofc
thanh
vien EC da ki ban Hiep
qdtc
Maxtrich
(Ha Lan), c6 hieu lUc tii
1/1/1993,
doi ten
thanh
Lien
minh
chau

Au
(EU).
- Trong thang
6/1979,
da di§n ra
cupc
bau
cijf
Nghi
vien chau Au dau
tien.
Thang
3/1995,
7 mrdrc EU huy bo viec kiem soat doi vdi viec di lai cija
cong
dan
cdc nudrc nay qua bien
gidri
cua nhau. Ngay
1/1/1999,
dong
tien
chung chau Au
(EURO) da difoc chinh thufc dua vao suf dung d 11 nqdrc EU.
15
- NhiJ vay, den cuo'i thap ki 90, EU da tror thanh to
chufc
lien ket chinh tri -
kinh
te vao hang lorn nhat hanh

tinh,
chie'm khoang hcfn 1/4 nang life san xuat
cua toan the
gidri.
O NHAT BAN
1.
Kinh
te va chinh sach doi ngoai
ciia
Nhat Ban (1945 - 1973)
a. Kinh te
- Trong thcfi ki hi chiem
dong
(1945 -
1952),
SCAP
da thifc hien ba
cuoc
cai
each
Idn:
+
Thu tieu che do
kinh
te tap trung, trifdc het la giai tan cac "Daibatxu"
(eac tap
doan,
cong
ti doc quyen con mang nhieu
tinh

chat
dong
toe).
+
Cai
each
ruong dat, quy dinh dia chtj chi
difcfc
so hufu khong qua 3
hecta
ruong, so' con lai Chinh
phii
dem ban cho
nong
dan.
+
Dan chu hoa lao
dong,
thong qua va thifc hien cac dao luat ve lao
dong.
- Tif nam 1952 den nam 1960,
kinh
te Nhat Ban c6
bifdc
phat
trien
nhanh. Tif
nam 1960 den nam 1973,
kinh
te Nhat

bifcfc
vao giai
doan
phat
trien
"than
ki".
- Tif dau nhOfng nam 70 tror di, Nhat Ban trcr thanh mot trong ba trung tam
kinh
te - tai chinh Idm eiia the gidi
(cung
vdri
Mi va Tay Au).
- Nhat Ban rat coi trong phat
trien
giao
due va khoa hoc - kl thuat, luon
tim
each
day nhanh sii phat
trien
bang
each
mua
bang
phat minh
sang
ehe".
- Nguyen nhan phat
trien

kinh
te cua Nhat Ban:
+
(3 Nhat Ban, con ngiicji
difge
coi la von quy nha't, nhan to' quye't dinh
hang dau.
+
Vai tro lanh dao, quan li c6 hieu qua cua Nha nifdrc.
+
Che do lam
viec
suo't
dcfi, che do hifcfng lifong
theo
tham nien va chu
nghia
nghiep
doan
xi
nghiep
difge
coi la ba "kho bau thieng lieng" lam cho ede
cong
ti
CO
sufc
manh va
tinh
canh

tranh cao.
+
Nhat Ban biet ap dung eac thanh
tifu
khoa hoc - kl thuat hien dai de
nang eao nang sua't, chat lifgrng, ha gia thanh san pham.
+
Chi phi cho
quoc
phong
eua Nhat ban tha'p.
+
Nhat Ban da tan dung tot cac ye'u to' ben ngoai de phat
trien
nhif tranh
thu
cac nguon vien trg ciia Ml sau chien tranh, difa vao Mi ve mat quan sif de
giam chi phi
quoc
phong,
Igi dung cac
cuoc
chie'n tranh a Trieu Tien (1950 -
1953) va Viet Nam (1954 - 1975) de lam giau.
- Tuy nhien, nen
kinh
te Nhat Ban vSn phai doi mat
vdri
nhufng thach thufc:
+

Lanh tho Nhat Ban khong rong, dan so
dong,
tai nguyen khoang san
rat
ngheo
nan, thieu nguyen, nhien lieu.
+
Co cau viing
kinh
te cua Nhat Ban thieu can doi, tap trung chu ye'u vao
ba trung tam la Tokiq,
Oxaca
va Nagoia.
i-'^UHT
iJ:«U
'
+
Nhat Ban luon gap sir
canh
tranh
quyet
liet cua Ml, Tay Au, cac niidrc
cong
nghiep
m6i (NIGs).
6. Doi ngog,i
- Nhat Ban chii triiang lien minh
chat
che vori Mi, Nhat sdm ki ket Hiep
\i6c hoa binh Xan

Phranxico
(8/9/1951),
cham
duft che do
chiem
dong
cua
Dong
minh
vao nSm 1952.
- Cung
ngay,
Hiep
xidc
An ninh Nhat - Ml
di/Oc
ki ke't, dat nen tang cho
cho he giufa hai
nUdc.
Theo
do, Nhat Ban
chap
nhan siT bao ho hat nhan cua
Ml,
de cho Ml
dong
quan va xay difng can
CIJT
quan sU tren lanh tho Nhat Ban.
- Nhat Ban lien minh

chat
che
vdri
Mi. Hiep i/drc an ninh Ml - Nhat ki nam
1951
CO
gia tri 10 nam, sau do c6 gia tri vinh vien.
- Nam 1956, Nhat Ban da binh thtfdng hoa quan he
ngoai
giao
vdri
Lien X6
va
cung
trong nam nay Nhat Ban thanh thanh vien cua Lien hgp
quoc.
2.
Kinh
te va chinh sach doi ngoai
ciia
Nhat Ban (1973 - 1991)
a. Kinh te
- Sau giai
doan
phat trien than ki, do tac
dong
ciia
cuoc
khung
hoang

nang
lugng the
gidri,
tif nam 1973 trcf di, sir phat trien kinh te ciia Nhat Ban thtfcfng
xen ke
vdri
nhOrng giai
doan
suy thodi.
- Tif nijfa sau nhSng nam 80, Nhat Ban da viTcfn len thanh
sieu
ciicfng tai
chinh so mot the gidi
vdri
lugng dii trOf vang va
ngoai
te gap 3 Ian cua Mi. Nhat
Ban
cung
la chu no Idm nhat the
gidri.
b. Doi ngoai
- Vdri
sufc
manh kinh te - tai chinh
ngay
cang
lorn, tii nijfa sau nhOfng nam
70, Nhat Ban co
gang

di/a ra chinh
sach
do'i
ngoai
mdri nhxi "hoc thuyet
PhucLTda"
(1977)
va "Hoc thuyet Kaiphu"
(1991).
- Nhat Ban thiet lap quan he
ngoai
giao
vdri
Viet Nam
ngay
21/9/1973.
3.
Kinh
te va chinh sach doi ngoai cua Nhat Ban (1991 -
2000)
a. Kinh te
- Trong thap nien 90, du c6 suy thoai kinh te nhiTng Nhat Ban van la mot
trong ba trung tam kinh te - tai chinh ciia the
gidri.
- Ve
khoa
hoc - ki thuat, Nhat Ban tie'p tuc phat trien
trinh
do cao. Tinh
den nam 1992 Nhat Ban da

phong
49 ve
tinh
va hgp tac c6 hieu qua vcJi Ml,
Nga trong cac
chiTong
trinh
vu tru
quoc
te.
h.
Doi ngoai
-
Tiep
tuc duy tri lien minh
chat
che vdi Ml.
- Coi trong quan he
vdri
Tay Au va md rong
boat
dong
do'i
ngoai
vdri
cac doi
tac
khac
tren pham vi toan cau.
- Tir dau nhijfng nam 90, Nhat Ban no life vifcfn len thanh mot ciTcfng

quoc
chinh tri de xufng
dang
vdi vi the
sieu
ctfcfng
kinht£cua_aurih.
VI tne
sieu
CUCfng
kinh
t.p min
17
V.
QUAN HE QUOC TE (1945 - 2000)
1. Mau
thuSn Dong
- Tay va s^i
khcfi
dau
chien
tranh
lanh
-
Sau
Chien tranh
the
gidri
thiif
hai, hai

cifcfng
quoc
Lien
X6 va Mi
nhanh
chong chuyen
sang
the doi dau, dan dan di tdi
tinh
trang chien tranh lanh.
- Tnidc
het, do la sii doi lap
nhau
ve muc
tieu
va
chien li/crc giCfa
hai
CLTcfng quoc.
+ Lien
X6 chu
trUcfng
duy tri hoa
binh
an
ninh
the
gidri,
bao ve
nhufng

thanh
qua cua
chii nghia
xa hoi va day
manh phong trao
each
mang
the
gidi.
+ Ngtfcfc
lai. Mi ra
sufc
chong
pha
Lien
X6 va cac
nLfdc
xa hoi chu
nghia,
di.y
lui phong trao
each
mang nhSm thifc hien
mifu
do ba chu the
gidi.
- Nhimg cung
sau
chien tranh.
Mi da

vLfcrn
len
thanh
mot
niTdc
tit ban
giau
manh nhat,
virgt
xa cac
ntfdc
ttf ban
khac,
ndm doc
quyen
vu khi
nguyen
ttf. Mi
tiT
cho
minh
c6
quyen lanh
dao the
gidri.
-
Stf
kien dtfOe
xem la
khdi

dau cho
chinh
sach
chong Lien
X6 gay nen
tinh
trang Chien tranh lanh
cua Mi la ban
thong diep
cua
Tong thong Truman
gijfi
Quoc
hoi Mi
ngay
12/3/1947.
-
Vao dau
thang
6/1947, Mi de ra "ke
hoach
Macsan".
Ngay
4/4/1949, Mi
th^nh
lap
kho'i quan
stf - to
chufc Hiep ifdrc
BSc Dai Tay

Dtfcfng (NATO).
- Tri/drc nhOfng
boat
dong
de doa do,
nhat
la
viec
tham
gia
ciaa
CHLB Dufc
vac NATO, thang
5/1955
Lien
X6 va cac
nxidc
Dong
Au
(Anbani,
Ba Lan,
Hunggari,
Bungari, CHDC Dufc, Tiep
Khac,
Rumani)
da
thanh
lap to
chdfc Hiep
ifdc

Vacsava,
mot
lien minh chinh
tri -
quan
stf
mang
tinh
chat
phong
thu cua
c^c
ntfdc
xa hoi
chti nghia chau
Au.
-
Stf ra
dcfi ciia NATO
va to
chufc Hiep tfdrc
Vacsava
la
nhufng
stf
kien cuo'i
ctmg danh
dau stf xac lap cua cue
dien
hai

ctfc,
hai phe.
Chien tranh lanh
da
bao
trtim
ca the
gidri.
2. Xu the hoa
hoan
Dong
- Tay va
chien
tranh
lanh
cham
dvLt
-
Dau
nhijfng
nam 70 xu
htfdmg
hoa
hoan Dong
- Tay da
xuat hien
vdri
nhufng
cuoc
gap

gdr thtfcfng Itfcfng
X6 -
Mi.
+ Ngay
9/11/1972, hai
nifdrc Dufc: Cong
hoa Dan chu va
Cong
hoa
Lien
bang
da ki ket tai Bon
Hiep
dinh
ve
nhijfng
ccr sd cua
quan
he
giufa Dong Dufc
va
Tay
Dufc.
+ Cung trong
nam 1972, hai
sieu ctfcrng Lien
X6, Mi da
thoa thuan
ve
viec

han che vu khi
chien Itfcfc
va ki
Hiep tfdrc
ve
viec
han che he
thong phong
chong
ten
lufa (ABM),
sau do la
Hiep
dinh
han che vu khi
tien cong chien Itfdc
(goi
tat la
SALT-1).
+
Dau
thang
8/1975, 33
ntfdrc chau
Au
ciing
vdi Mi,
Canada
da ki ket
Dinh

tfdrc Henxinki, khing
dinh
nhufng nguyen
tac
trong quan
he
giufa
cac
quoc
18
gia
nhif
binh ding,
chu
quyen, siT
ben
vuTng
cua
difdng bi^n
gidi,
giai quyet
hoa
binh
cac
tranh
chap
-
-
Tii dau
nhOtng

nam 70, hai
sieu ctfcfng
X6 - Mi da
tie'n
hanh
nhiftig
cuoc
gap
cap cao,
nhat
la
txi nSm
1985
khi
Go6cbachdp
len cam
quyen
d
Lien
X6.
- Thang
12/1989,
trong
cuoc gap
khong chinh thOfc
tai dao
Manta
(Dia
Trung
Hai). Tdng

Bi
thtf
Dang
Cong
san
Lien
X6 Goocbachop
Tdng thong
Ml
Buscf
da
chinh thijfc cung tuyen
bo'
cham duft Chien
tranh
lanh.
- Chien
tranh
lanh cham duft
da md ra
nhieu hirdng nhOfng dieu kien
giai
quyet
hoa
binh
cac vu
tranh
chap, xung
dot
dang dien

ra a
nhieu khu viTc
tren
the
gidri.
3. The
gidri
sau
chien
tranh
lanh
-
Sau
nhieu
nam
tri
tre va
khung hoang
keo
dai,
tcri
nhOCng
nam 1989 - 1991
che
do xa hoi chu
nghia
da bi
tan
ra d cac
nifcfc Dong Au

va
Lien bang
X6
viet.
- Ngay 28/6/1991,
Hoi
dong Ttfcfng
trcf
Kinh
te (SEV)
tuyen
bd
giai
the va
sau
do
ngay
1/7/1991,
td
chufc
Hiep lidc
Vdcsava
cham duTt
boat
dong.
Vdri
"ciTc"
Lien
Xd
tan ra,

the
"hai ciic"
cua
hai sieu cifcfng khong
c6n
niJa,
Mi la
"cxic"
duy
nhat
con
lai.
-
Tii sau nam
1991,
tinh
hinh
the'
gidri
da
dien
ra
nhOTng thay
ddi to
\6n
va
phufc tap.
Mot
la,
trat

tiT
the
gidri
hai
ciTc
da sup do
nhung
trat
tiT
thg'
gidri
mdri
lai dang
trong
qua
trinh
hinh
thanh.
Hai
la, sau
Chien
tranh
lanh,
hau
nhtf
cac
qud'c
gia deu
dieu chinh chien
lifoc phat

trien,
tap
trung
vao
phat
trien
kinh
te.
Ba
la, sif
tan
ra
ciia Lien
X6 da tao cho Mi mot
\ai
the
tarn
thcfi.
Gidi
cam
quyen Ml
ra
sufc
thiet
lap
trat
tiT
the gi(Ji
mot
ciTc

de Mi
lam
ba chu the
gidri.
Bon
Id, sau
Chien
tranh
lanh,
hoa
binh
the
gidri
di/gc
cung
cd,
nhuiig or nhieu
khu
vifc
tinh
hinh
lai
khong
dn
dinh w6i nhOfng
cuoc ndi
chien, xung
dot
quan
sii

dim mau
keo
dai.
- Btfdrc sang
the ki XXL
vdri
sif
tien
trien
ciia
xu the hoa
binh, hcfp
tac vk
phat
trien,
cac dan toe hi
vong
ve mot
ti/cfng lai tdt
dep cua
loai ngiXcfi.
CACH MANG KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE
I
VA XU THE
TOAN
CAU HOA
1.
CuQC
each mang khoa
hoc -

cong ngh^
a. Nguon
goc
-
Do
nhOfng
doi hoi cua cuoc
sdhg,
cua san
xuat nhSm
dap
dfng
nhu cau vSt
chat
va
tinh
than ngay
cang
cao
ciia
con
ngUcfi.
-
Do
tinh
hinh
bung
nd dan so the
gidri
v^ siT

vcfi
can
nghiem trong
cac
nguon
tki
nguyen thien nhien.
19
- NhCfng doi hoi bufc thiet do dat ra cho
cuoc
each
mang khoa hoc - kl thuat
phai
giai quyet,
trifdrc
het la che tao va tim kiem nhuTng cong cu san xuat
mdri
c6 kl thuat va nang
suat
cao, tao ra nhOfng vat lieu m6i.
b. Dac
diem
- Khoa hoc trd thanh liTc Itrgng san xuat triTc tiep,
khac
vori
cuoc
each
mang
cong nghiep the ki
XVIII.

- Trong
cuoc
each
mang khoa hoc - kl thuat hien dai, moi phat
minh
ki
thuat
deu b^t nguon t\i nghien cufu khoa hoc. Khoa hoc gSn lien
vdfi
ki thuat,
khoa hoe di tri/drc ma di/cfng cho san xuat.
- Han che:
+ Gay nen
tinh
trang 6 nhigm moi tnicrng.
+ Gay ra nhuTng tai nan lao dong va giao thong, cac loai dich benh
mdri
+ Viec che tao nhCfng loai vu khi hien dai c6 the tieu diet nhieu Ian s\i
song tren hanh
tinh.
2. Xu the
toan
cau hoa va anh
hx;^cfng
ciia no
- Mot he qua quan trong cua
each
mang khoa hoc - cong nghe la tCr dau
nhttng
nam 80 cua the ki XX, nhat la sau chien tranh lanh, tren the

gidi
da
diln
ra xu the toan cau hoa.
- Xet ve ban
chat,
toan cau hoa la qua
trinh
tang len manh me
nhiirng
moi
lien
he, nhuTng anh
hiidng
tac dong Ian nhau, phu thuoc iSn nhau cua tat ca cac
khu
vac, cac quoc gia, cac dan toe tren the
gidi.
- NhOfng bieu hien chu yeu cua xu the toan cau hoa ngay nay la:
+ Sii phat trien nhanh chong ciia quan he thiTdng mai quoc te.
+
Sir phat trien va tac dong to Idn ciia cac cong ti xuyen quoc gia.
+
Sir sap nhap va hap nhat cac cong ti thanh nhCng tap doan Idn.
+
Sii
ra ddi cua cac to
chdc
lien ket
kinh

te, thifcfng mai, tai chinh quoc te
va khu viTc.
- Toan cau hoa la
thdi
cd
lich
suf. Do viTa la cd hoi rat to Idn cho sy phat
trien
manh me cua cac nifdc, dong
thdi
cung tao ra thach thufc la neu bo Id
thdi
cd thi se bi tut hau rat xa.
- Viet Nam cung nSm trong xu the chung do. Dai hoi Dang Ian thd IX da
khang
dinh:
"NSm bat cd hoi,
viTdt
qua thach thdc, phat trien manh me trong
thdi
ki mdi, do la van de c6 y nghia song con doi vdi Dang va nhan dan ta".

NHAN
DjNH
CHUNG VE UCH
SLT
THE Gldl TlS
I
SAU CHIEN TRANH THE Gidl
THUf

HAI DEN NAM
2000
1. NhiXng noi dung chii yeu
- Sau Chien tranh the
gidi
thuf hai, mot trat tif the
gidi
da difdc xac lap. Do
\k trat tiT the
gidi
hai ciic lanta vdi dac
triftig
noi bat la the
gidi
nhif phan doi.
20
chia thanh hai phe tif ban chu nghia xa hoi chu nghia do hai sieu
ciiisng
Ml
Lien
X6 diJng dau moi phe.
-
Vdri
thang Igi cua cac
cuoc
each
mang dan chu nhan dan d cac
nirdrc
Dong
Au,

chu nghia xa hoi da vifcft ra khoi pham vi mot ntforc, trd thanh mot he
thong the'
gidi.
- Ngay sau Chien
tranh
the
gidri
thijf
hai, mot cao trao giai phong dan toe da
day len manh me a cac
nLfdrc
A, Phi va Ml
Latinh.
- Trong nufa sau the ki XX, he thong de
quo'c
chu nghia da c6 nhi]fng bien
chuyen quan trong.
+
Ml da
vLfan
len trd thanh nU6c de
quoc
giau manh nhat.
+
Nhd CO sii dieu
chinh
kip
thdi,
nen
kinh

te cac
ni/dc
tii ban da tang
trifcfng
kha lien tuc, difa lai
nhuTng
thay doi ve
chat
trong co cau cung
nhii
xu
hiTorng
phat
trien
va
hinh
thanh
cac
trung
tam
kinh
te I6n cua the
gidi.
+
Diidi tac
dong
to lorn cua
each
mang khoa hoc - kl thuat, nhat la sif phat
trien

manh me cua
liic
liJcrng san xuat, cac niidrc t\i ban
ngay
cang
c6 xu hifdng
lien
ket
kinh
te khu vifc, tieu bieu la sii ra dcfi tif hofn 40 nam qua cua
cgng
dong
kinh
te chau Au (EEC) ma
ngay
nay la Lien minh chau Au (EU). Mi, EU
va Nhat Ban da
trcf
thanh ba
trung
tam
kinh
te lorn ciia the
gidfi.
Mac du c6 sii
phat
trien
nhii
the, chii nghia tiT ban vSn khong the khdc
phuc

diTcrc
nhufng
mau thuan von c6 ciia no.
- So
vdfi
cac giai
doan
lich suf the gidi tnidc day, chi/a bao gid cac quan he
qudc
te lai md rong va da dang
nhii
trong nijfa sau the ki XX. Nhufng net noi
bat cua quan he
quoc
te tif sau Chien
tranh
the gidi
thuf
hai la:
+
Tinh trang doi dau gay gat giCfa hai sieu ctfdng, hai phe ma dinh cao la
tinh
trang Chien
tranh
lanh
keo dai tdi hon bo'n thap ki.
+
Tuy nhien, cac
quoc
gia van ciing ton tai hod binh,

viCa
dau tranh,
viCa
hap tdc. Ca hai sieu ctfdng cung
nhif
cac ni/dc
khac
deu y thufc ve nhufng hiem
hoa khung khiep khong liJdng het
difoc
ciia mot
cuoc
chien
tranh
hat nhan.
Cuoi cung, chien
tranh
lanh cha'm duft, the gidi chuyen dan
sang
xu the hoa
hoan va hoa diu, doi thoai va hgp tac phat
trien.
- Tii sau Chien
tranh
the gidi
thuf
hai, mot
cuoc
each
mang khoa hgc - kl

thuat
da
diln
ra vdi quy mo, ngi dung va nhip dieu chtfa
tiTng
thay cung nhiJng
he
qua v4 nhieu mat la v6 cimg to Idn.
Sif
phat
trien
cua
each
mang khoa hgc - ki thuat, xu the toan cau hoa da
dien ra nhuf mot Ian
song
nhanh ra the
gidi.
Co the noi toan cau hoa doi hoi
cac
quoc
gia phai c6 Idi giai dap va sii thich ufng de
viia
kip
thdi
vifa khon
ngoan,
tranh
viec
bo Id

ccf
hoi va tut hau het
sufc
nguy hiem.
2. Xu the phat
trien
phat
trien
cua the giofi ngay nay
- Sau Chien
tranh
lanh, hau
nhif
tat ca
cac
quoc
gia deu ra
sufc
dieu chinh
chien li/gc phat
trien
lay
kinh
te lam trgng diem.
21
- Sau Chien tranh, quan he giCfa cac nUcrc \6n theo chiiu hvJdmg doi thoai, thoa
hiep,
tranh xung dot tnic triep nhkm tao nen mot moi trtfctog quoc te thuan Igi
giup
ho

vtfcfn
len manh me, xdc lap mot vi tri
IAJ
the trong trat tii the
gidfi
mdi.
- Tuy hoa binh va on
dinh
1^ xu the chu dao cua
tinh
hinh
the
giofi
sau
chien tranh lanh,
nhiftig
d nhieu khu viic van dien ra noi chien v^ xung dot.
- NhCrng nam 90 sau Chien tranh lanh, the
gidri
da va dang chufng kien xu
the toan cau hoa dien ra ngay
cang
manh me.
- Toan cau hoa la xu the phat trien khach quan. Doi w6i cac
niidc
dang
phdt
trien, day viTa la thcfi ccf thuan
Icri,
vCfa la thach thufc gay gSt trong sii

vifcfn
len cua dait nUdrc.
-
Loki
ngifcfi da
hiidc
sang
the ki XXI. Mac du con gap khong it kho khan
gian
khd va thach thufc gay gSt, c^c dan toe ngay
cang
c6 tieng noi chung, doan
ket cung nhau dau tranh vi mot the'
gidri
hoa binh on
dinh,
hop tac phat trien
vi
cong bang hanh phuc cho m6i con ngUcfi, cho moi dan tpc tren hanh
tinh.
CAU HOI ON TAP
LICH
SLf THE
GlCfl
HIEN
DAI
TL/
NAM 1945 DEN NAM
2000
• Cau 1. Hay neu

hoan
canh va nhufng
quyet
dinh quan
trong
cua Hpi
nghi
lanta
(thang
2/1945).
qua cua nhiJng
quyet
dinh do.
*
Hoan
canh:
- Den nam 1945, Chien tranh the
gidi
Ian thuf hai bifdrc vao giai doan cuol .
v6i
cuoc
tan cong nhif vu bao ciia Hong quan Lien X6 dang tien nhanh ve
Beclin. Nhieu van de cap thiet dat ra cho cac ntforc Dong
minh:
+ Nhanh chong danh bai hoan to^n cac nifdrc phat xit.
+ To chufc lai the
gidri
mdri
sau chien tranh.
+ Phan chia thanh qua chien tranh giuTa cac

nUdc
th^ng tran.
- Trong boi canh do, hoi nghi quoc te diiac trieu tap tai lanta (Lien X6) tii
ngay 04 den
11/02/1945.
*
Nhttng
quyet
dinh:
- Tieu diet tan goc chu nghia phat xit Dufc va chu nghia quan phiet Nhat.
De nhanh chong ket thiic chien tranh. Lien X6 se tham chien cho'ng Nhat d
chfiu
A sau khi chien tranh da ket thuc d chau Au.
- Thanh lap to chufc Lien hcfp quoc nhkm duy tri hoa binh va an
ninh
the
gicfi.
22
-
Thoa
thuan ve
viec
dong
quan tai cAc xuidc
nhSm
giai
gidp
quan dpi phat
xit
va phan

chia
phanLvi
anh
hucfng
d
chau
Au va
chau
A.
* He qua:
- NhOfng
quyet
dinh cua hoi nghi lanta da dSn tdi sir hinh thanh mot
trat
tii
the gidi mdi,
difcrc
goi la:
"trat
tii
hai
ciic
lanta".
• Cau 2. Muc dich va nguyen tac hoat dpng cua
Lien
hdp quoc. Ke ten
cac
ccf quan cua
Lien
hofp

quoc. Cof quan nao giiX vai tro trong yeu
trong vi$c duy tri hoa binh an ninh the gidi?
* Muc dich:
- Duy tri hoa binh va an ninh the gi(Ji.
- Phat trien cac moi quan he huTu nghi giiJa c^c dan toe va tien hanh sii
hcfp
tac
quoc
te giijTa cac nUdrc tren ccf sd ton trong
nguyen
t^c binh ding va
quyen
tif
quyet
cua cac dan toe.
*
Nguyen
tdc:
- Binh ding chu
quyen
giOfa
c^c
quoc
gia va cac
quyen
t\i
quyet
cua cac dan toe.
- Ton trong toan ven lanh thd va doc lap chinh tri cua tat ca c^c niidc.
- Khong dtrcrc can thiep vao

cong
viee
noi bo ciia bat ki ntfdrc nao.
- Giai
quyet quyet
tranh
chap
quoc
te
bang
phtfcfng
phap
ho^ binh.
- Chung
song
hoa binh v^ sif nhat tri giuTa nam nxidc Idn (Lien X6, Ml, Anh,
Phdp,
Trung
Quoc).
* Cac ccf quan:
- Dai hoi
dong.
Hoi
dong
Bao an, Hoi
dong
Kinh te va xa hoi, Hoi
dong
Quan
thac,

Toa an
Quoc
te. Ban Thif ki.
* Cd quan nao giuT vai tro trong yeu trong
viee
duy tri hoa binh an ninh
the gidri la Hoi
dong
Bao an.
• Cau 3. Hay neu nhCfng thanh t^iu chinh
ciia
Lien
X6 trong cong cupc
xay diing chu nghia xa hpi tii nam 1950 den nvta dau nhCfng nam 70.
NhiXng thanh
tiiu
do c6 anh hifoTng den cac nvidc nlni the nao?
* Vdi net ve hoan cdnh:
- Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai Lien X6 hi
chien
tranh da tan pha that
nang
ne: 27 trieu ngiidi
chet
1.710 thanh
phdva
hon
70.000
l^ng mac bi tieu
huy, gan

32.000
nha may, xi
nghiep
bi tan pha.
- Nhifng vcfi
tinh
than
tii
life
tii
etfcfng, nhan dan Lien X6 da
hoan
thanh thing
Icfi
ke
hoach
5 nam khoi
phue
kinh te (1946 - 1950) trong 4 nSm 3 thang.
* NhiUng thanh tUu chinh:
TCr nam 1950, Lien X6 thiJc hien nhieu ke
hoach
dai han nham tiep tuc xay
difng ccf sd vat
chat
- ki thuat cua chu nghia xa hoi v^ da thu
dugc
nhieu thanh
tifu
to lorn.

23
- Ve cong nghiep: den giOfa nhOfng nam 1970 Lien X6 trd thanh ctfcfng
quoc
cong nghiep dufng
thuf
hai tren the gidri (sau Mi).
- Ve nong nghiep: rieng 1970 Lien X6 dat
dagc
san ItfcJng va nSng suat ngu
coc chiia tCrng c6 vdri 186 trieu tan ngu coc.
- Ve khoa hoc - ki thuat: nam 1957 Lien X6 la nifdrc dau tien phong thanh
cong ve
tinh
nhan tao cua Trai Dat, md dau ki nguyen chinh phuc vij tru cua loai
ngi/cri.
Nam 1960 dua nha du hanh vu tru Gagarin bay vong quanh Trai Dat.
- Ve xa hoi: c6 nhieu bien doi, ti le cong nhan chiem 55% so' ngifcji lao dong
trong
ca nu'drc. Trinh do hoc cua nhan dan khong ngCftig nang cao.
* Anh hiidng den cdc nitcfc:
- Co dieu kien giup d9 cac nxidc xa hoi chu nghia ve vat chat va
tinh
than
trong
cong
cuoc
xay diftig chu nghia xa hoi.
- Co dieu kien ling ho phong trao dau tranh giai phong dan toe cf A, Phi, Mi
Latinh.
- La eh6 diia eho phong trao dau tranh bao ve hoa binh va an

ninh
the gidri.
• Cau 4. Hay neu tinh hinh chinh tri va chinh sach doi
ngoai
ciia Lien
X6
nam 1950 den nam 1970.
- TCr nam 1950 den nufa dau nhOfng nam 70,
nhin
chung
tinh
hinh
chinh tri
eua Lien X6 tifong doi on
dinh.
- Ve doi ngoai:
+ ThLfc hien chinh sach doi ngoai hoa binh va
tich
ciTc
ung ho phong trao
each
mang the gidi.
+ Dau tranh cho hoa
binh,
an
ninh,
kien quyet chong chinh sach gay
chien xam liiqc ciia
chii
nghia de

quoc
va cac the life phan dong.
+ Giiip da
tich
CLTC
ve vat cha't cung
nhii
tinh
than eho eae nxidc xa hoi
chu
nghia trong cong
cuoc
xay difng chu nghia xa hoi.
+ La niJorc di dau trong \iee ung ho SLf nghiep dau tranh vi doe lap dan
toe, dan chu va tien bo xa hoi. Lien X6
trcf
thanh tru cot cua he thong xa hoi
chu
nghia, la chS diia eho hoa binh va phong trao
each
mang the gidri.
• Cau 5. Quan he hcfp tac giu'a cac ntfdfc xa hoi
chii
nghia tren linh
x\ic
kinh te, van hoa, khoa hoc - ki thu^t va chinh tri - quan s\i
dvidc the hi^n nhxC the nao?
* Quan he hcfp tac
kinh
te, van hod, khoa hoc - ki thuat the hien

trong Hoi dong TUcfng
trcf
Kinh te (SEV):
-
Ngay
8/1/1949, Hoi dong Ttfcfng trcr Kinh te
(viet
tat la SEV) diicfc thanh lap
gom cac niidc: Lien X6, Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari, Hunggari, Rumani,
Tiep
Khae;
sau nay eo them cac niide
CHDC
Dufc (1950),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Mong Co (1962),
Cong
hoa Cuba (1972),
Cong
hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam (1978).
24
- Hoi
dong
Tucfng
trcf
Kinh
te ra dcfi da cung co", hoan thien s\i
hcfp
tdc giOfa
cAc nifdrc xa hoi chu-nghia, thuc day sU tien bo ve

kinh
te' va ki thuat, khong
ngCfng nang cao mijfc
song
cua cac thanh vien.
Sau hcfn 20 nam hoat
dong,
SEV da c6 nhOfng
dong
gop rat \6n do'i vdi sii
phat
trien
cua cac nirdrc thanh vien.
Trong qua
trinh
hoat
dong,
kho'i SEV c6 nhuTng han che nhi/ "khep kin",
khong hoa nhap vori
kinh
te the
gidri
* Quan he hgrp tac chinh tri - quan si£
di£ac
the hien trong To chiCc
Hi^p
Udc Vacsava:
- Ngay
14/5/1955,
cac niidc Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari, CHDC Dure, Hunggari,

Lien
X6, Rumani, Tiep Khac da hop tai
Vacsava,
thoa thuan cung nhau ki Hiep
ifdrc
hiJu
nghi, hop tac va ttrcfng tro vdi
thcfi
han 20 nam nham duy tri hoa binh,
an ninh chau Au, ciing co'
tinh
hOfu nghi, sif hop tac va
sufc
manh ciia cac nifdc
xa hoi chu nghia.
-
Vdri
cac
boat
dong
cua minh, to
chufc
Hiep i/dc
Vacsava
trdr
thanh mot doi
trong
vdri
NATO,
dong

vai tro quan trong trong
viec
giOf gin hoa binh, an ninh
or chau Au va the
gidi.
• Cau 6. Neu nhCng net
chinh
ve
Lien
bang Nga trong
thoTi
gian
1991 -
2000.
- Ve
kinh
te, tCf nam 1992, Chinh phu Nga de ra
CLfong
hnh
t\i
nhan hoa
nen
kinh
te
nu'dc
Nga, co
gang
di/a dat nifdc di vao
kinh
te thi

trifdng.
- Ve chinh tri, sau mot
thdi
gian dau
tranh
gay gat giOfa cac dang phai,
thang
12/1993,
ban Hien phap cua Lien bang Nga diigc ban hanh.
- Ve mat doi ngoai, trong nhOfng nam 1992 - 1993, nifdc Nga
theo
duoi chinh
sdch
doi ngoai "dinh hudng Dai Tay Di/ong", nga ve cac
CLfdmg
quoc
phifcfng Tay vdi
hi
vong
gianh
difgc
sii ung ho ve chinh
tri
va sir vien tro ve
kinh
te.
- TCr dau nam
2000,
chinh phu cua Tong thong Putin cd
gang

phat
trien
kinh
te, ciing co' nha nUdc phap quyen, on dinh
tinh
hinh xa hoi va nang cao vi
the
quoc
te
cua
niidc Nga.
• Cau 7.
Phan
tich
nguyen nhan din den stf tan ra
ciia
che dp xa hpi
chu
nghia 6'
Lien
X6 va cac
ni^oTc
Dong Au. Nguyen nhan nao ccf ban
nhat?
Hau
qiia
ciia
CUQC
khiing
hoang do.

* Phan tich nguyen nhan:
Trong mot
thdi
gian dai,
cong
cuoc
xay difng chu nghia xa hoi or Lien X6 va
cac ntfdc Dong Au dem lai nhieu thanh
ttfu
to Idn; nhiing
-cang
ngay
c^ng hoc 16
nhOfng sai lam thieu sot.
Mot la, thie'u ton trong day dii cac quy luat phat
trien
khach quan ve
kinh
te - xa hoi, chii quan duy y chi, thgc hien co che tap
trung
quan lieu bao cap
25