phân loại và phương pháp giải nhanh bài tập hóa học vô cơ 12

• -•««>•'
«
CU THANH TOAN;
(I I
&
PhUdng phdp
gial
nhanh
BAI TAP
loral
NHAXUATBAN
Cdc em hoc sinh Idp 12 than md'n!
nam vChig kiS'n
thiic
va c6 the dat ket qua cao nha't trong cac ki
thi,
cac
em hoc sinh c^n ren
luyfin
giai
nhanh cac dang bai tap thucmg xuyfen,
lifin
tuc trong
qua
trinh
hoc tap
ciia
minh.
Di cac em c6 th6m tai
Vitu
tu ren

luyfin
cac kl nang
giai
bai
tap, chupg t6i xin tran trong
gioi
thidu
h6
sach:
"Phdn
loai
vd phuong
phdp
giai
nhanh bai tap hod hoc
12".
'
••
PMn
V6
CO
g6m 5 chuong: ^
Chuong 5: Dai cuong \i kim
loai
Chuong 6:
Kim
loai
k\6m -
Kim
loai

ki^m
th6 nh6m
Chuong 7: Crom - Sat - D6ng
Chiromg
8: Nhan bie't mot s6' chat v6 co va chu^n d6 dung djch
Chuong 9: Hoa hoc
vdri
va'n d^
kinh
i6, xa h6i va m6i trucmg
Trong
m6i chuong duoc
trinh
bay:
A.
Ly thuyd't co ban
B.
Phuong
phap
giai
cac dang bai tap
M6i
bai tap trong
sach
duoc tac gia chon loc kl cang, la sir k6't
tinh
ciia
kifi'n
thiic
CO

tinh
chat t6ng hop kd't hop v6i
kinh
nghidm
nhilu
nam
luy6n
thi. Cac bai
tap nay co gia
tri
rat cao v^ n6i dung, co d6
tin
cay rat 16n trong
ki^m
tra, danh gia.
Cac bai tap duoc n6u ra trong tap
sach
d^u duoc
giai
chi
tifi't,
d^y
dii,
d6 hi^u
va theo cac phuong
phap
giai
nhanh.
Tac gia xin b^y to long bid't on sau sSc su gop y chan thanh
ciia

cac ban d6ng
nghifip
va cac em hoc sinh.
Chuc cac em dat kd't qua cao trong hoc tap. '
Tac
gia
Mia
sach Khang Vi^t xin
tran
trgng
giai
thi$u
tai Quy dgc gid vd xin
idng nghe mgi y kim dong gop, decuon
sack
ngdy
cdng hay han,
botch
han.
Thu
xin
giti
ve:
Cty
TNHH
Mpt
Thanh
Vien -
Djch
Van hoa

Khang
Vi$t.
71, Dinh
Tien
Hoang, P. Dakao, Quan 1,
TP.
HCM
Tel:
(08)
39115694
-
39111969
-
39111968
-
39105797
-
Fax:
(08)
39110880
Ho|c
Email:

Cty
TNHH
MTV
DVVH
Khang
YTel
ChirongS.

DAI
Clfdll^G
KIM
MAI
I.
CAU
TAO
CUA
KIM
LOAI
1. Cau tao nguyen
tiir:
Nguyen tir
ciia
hSu hd't cac kim
loai
co s6' electron b Idp
ngoai cung it
(1,
2, 3 e).
2. Cau tao tinh the: Trong
tinh
th^ kim
loai,
nguydn tir va ion kim
loai
nlm a
nhiJng
niit
ciia

mang
tinh
th6', cac electron hoa tri chuyen dong tu do trong mang
tinh
the.
3.
Lien
ket kim loai: La
lien
ket duoc hinh thanh giOa cac qguySn ttr va ion kim
loai
trong mang
tinh
the do sir tham gia
ciia
cac electron tu do.
II.
TINH
CHAT
CUA
KIM
LOAI
1.
Tinh
chat vat ly chung
Cac kim
loai
deu dSn didn, dSn nhiet, deo, co anh kim la do cac electron tu do
trong
kim

loai
gay ra.
2.
Tinh
chat vat ly rieng
M6t
!6'
tinh
chat vat ly nhu
kh6'i
luong riSng, nhiet d6 nong chay,
tinh
ciifng
phu
thu6c vao do b^n
ciia
lien
ket kim
loai,
nguySn tir
khdi,
ki^u mang
tinh
th^,
ciia
kim
loai
3.
Tinh
that hoa hoc chung cua kim loai.

Cac kim
loai
deu
CO
tinh
khir:
M
>
M""
+ ne
Nguyt
n nhan: Cac electron hoa trj
ciia
nguydn
tir
kim
loai
lien
k6't
yd'u
vdi hat nhan
nguydn
tii,
do do cac
kim
loai
co kha nang nhuong electron de tao thanh
ion
duong.
a. Tac dung

v&i
phi kim
Hdu
hift
cac kim
loai
khir
duoc phi kim thanh ion am. Thf du:
4A1
+30, —^ 2A1A
Hg
+ S > HgS : . .
h.
Tac dung vdi
axit
*
D6'i
y&i
dung dich
HCl,
H:S04 loang:
Cac
kiin
loai
dung trudc H trong day hoat d6ng hod hoc (day dien hoa)
khir
duoc ion
(H3O*)
ciia
cac axit nay thanh

H2:
M+
nH* >
M""
+ -H,t
*
D6'i v5i H2SO4 dac,
nong;
HNO3:
nau ha cac kim
loai
(triT
Au,
Pt)
khii
duoc N
va-
S trong cac axit nay xu6ng
s<3
oxi
hoa thap hon.
Thi
du: 3Cu + 8HNO,(l) > 3Cu(NO,)2 + 2NO + 4H,0
2Fe +
6H3S04(d)
'" >
Fe2(S04)3
+ SSO, +
6H3O
c. Tac

dung
vdi H2O
- Cac kim loai c6
tinh
khir manh nhir kim loai kiem, kim loai
kidm
tho (Ca, Sr,
Ba, truofc Mg trong day dien hoa) khir H^O d6 dang 6 nhiet do thircmg.
Thi
du: 2Na + 2H.O > 2NaOH + H.T
- Mot s6' kim loai
khac
(nhu Mg, Zn,
Fe, )
khir
duoc
hoi
nuoc
d nhiet d6 cao:
Mg
+ H^O.h, —^ MgO + H,
3Fe + 4H.O —^
Fe304
+ 4H:
d. Tac
dung
vai
dung
dich
niuoi

cua kim
loai
Kim
loai manh hon (khong tac dung v6'i H^O) day
duoc
kim loai y€u hon ra
khoi
dung djch mu6'i.
Thi
du: Fe +
CuSO^Cdd)
> FeSO, + Cui
Fe + Cu-" > Fe-" + Cu
III.
DAY
DIEN
HOA CUA KIM
LOAI
1. Cap oxi hoa -
khurcua
kim
loai
Dang oxi hoa (M"*) va dang khu (M) ciia ciing m6t kim loai tao nen m6t cap oxi
hoa - khu (M"7 M),
giOa
chung c6 m6'i quan hd:
M""
+ne ( > M
2. Pin
dien

hoa.
- Pin
d'ltn
hoa la thiet bi trong do
nang
lugng ciia phan
ling
oxi hoa - khir (hoa
nang)
chuyen thanh dien nang.
- Pin dien hoa tao bdi hai cap oxi hoa - khu, trong do:
• O cue am
(anot):
Xay ra su oxi hoa
chat
khir.
• 6 cue duong
(catot):
Xay ra sir khu
chat
oxi hoa.
-
Sua't
dien dong ciia pin dien hoa: La hieu ciia the
didn
cue duong (E,+)) v6i th6'
dien cue am (£,.,):
E(pi,„
= - E,-, > 0 (luon diromg)
E°

pi„)
= EV) - EV, > 0
(sua't
dien dong
chuan)
E,pi„),
E°p|,„
phu
thuoc
vao ban
chat
ciia kim loai lam dien cue,
n6ng
d6 dung i
dich va nhiet do.
5. The
dien
circ
chuan
ciia kim
loai
- Dien cue hidro chudn : Pt (H,, 1 atm)/H" (IM):
H,
< > 2W +2e
Quyudrc:
E^H'/H^
= 0,00 V.
- The' dien cue
chu£n
cua kim loai cdn do

duoc
cha'p
nhan
bang
sua't
difen dOng ciia
pin
tao bcri dien cue hidro chudn va diSn cue chudn cua kim loai cSn do.
t — C (p,„) —
(Neu M durng sau H trong day dien hoa).
po „+ po
M /M — ^ (Dill)
(pill)
H2+/H2
-E
(Neu M
diing
truoc H trong day dien hoa).
4. Quy tac
anpha
(a ) 1
Day
didn
hoa ciia kim loai cho
phep
du doan
chieu
eua phan
ling
giCra hai cap

oxi
hoa - khir
theo
quy tac a.
Phan
ling
giOa
hai cap oxi hoa - khir xay ra
theo
chieu
chat
oxi hoa manh hon se oxi
hoa
chat
khir manh hon sinh ra
chat
oxi hoa yeu hon va
chat
khu yeu hon:
[oxh|„,„h
+ [kh] ,„,„h > [oxh]j4„ + [kh]
IV.
SlTBIEN PHAN
- Sir dien phan la qua
trinh
oxi hoa - khijf xay ra 0 be mat cac
didn
cue khi c6 dong
dien mot chi6u di qua
chat

dien li nong
chay
hoac
dung dich
chat
dien
li.
-
Phan
ling
hoa hoc
or
cac dien cUc trong binh dien phan:
* 6
catot
(cue -): Xay ra sU khir:
M""
+ ne
hoac
2H,0 + 2e
M
20H" + H.
V: 1"
* d
anot
(cue +): Xay ra sU oxi hoa:
X"
hoac
2H2O
X + me

—> 4H' + O, + 4e
- Neu
anot
(cue +) kh6ng tro thi
anot
bj an mon (tan ddn):
A
>A"" + ae
- Tinh khoi luong cac
chat
thoat ra 6
didn
cue:
A.I.t
m
=
n.F
Trong do
m:
Khoi lugng
chat
thu
dugc
6 dien cue,
ti'nh
bang
gam.
A:
Khoi lugng mol cua
chat

thu
dugc
6 dien cue.
n:
56'
electron
ma nguyen tu
hoac
ion da nhan.
I:
Cuong do dong dien (A). ,. . r
t:
Thoi gian dien phan (s).
F: Hang so
Faraday
(F =
96500
C/ mol).
- Tinh s6' mol
electron
trao d6i: n. trao ddi = It/ F (mol)
Phdn
locii
va pluMni^ phc'ip f-idi BT H6a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh
Toan
V.
Sir AN MON KIM
LOAI
1.

Su an mon hoa hoc va su an mon
dien
hoa i
-Giong
nhau:
D^u c6 ban
chat
la phan ung oxi hoa - khir.
-Khdc
nhau:
* Trong an mon hoa hoc khdng hinh thanh dong dien.
* Trong an mon dien hoa c6 hinh thanh dong
electron
(cac
electron
dirac
di
chuyen
thanh dong, tir cue am d6n cue duong => tao pin
difin
hoa).
2. Cac
dieu
kien xay ra an mon
dien
hoa hoc
- Cac
difin
cue phai
khae

nhau ban
chat.
- Cac
didn
cue phai
tid'p
xiic true tiep
hoac
gian
tiS'p
vdi nhau qua day dSn.
- Cac dien cue cung tiep xuc
vdri
dung dich
chat
dien li.
Chu y; Thie'u 1 trong 3 dieu kifen tren se khdng xay ra an mon dien hoa hoc, ma se
xay ra an mon hoa hoc.
3.
Chong
an mon kim
loai
-
Bi6n
phap
bao \t be mat: scm, trang, ma, b6i diu m5,
phii
chat
deo,
\tn hi

mat kim loai.
- Bidn
phap
bao vt
ditn
hoa: Diing kim loai c6
tfnh
khir manh hom d^ bio vfi
(anot
hi sinh).
VI.
PHUONG PHAP
DIEU
CHE KIM
LOAI
1.
Phuofng
phap
thuy
luyen
(phuong
phap
udt)
* Ca sff: Dung nhOng dung dich thich hop, nhu dung djch
H2SO4,
NaOH,
NaCN, de hoa tan kim loai
hoac
hop
chat

ciia kim loai va
tach
ra khoi phan khong
tan
CO
trong quang.
Sau do cac ion kim loai trong dung djch
duoc
khir
bang
kim loai c6
tinh
khir
manh hem.
*
Phant
vi dp
dung:
Duoc
diing
de' dieu che nhOng kim loai c6
tinh
khir yS'u nhu
Cu, Hg,
Au,
* Thi du: Di6u che bac tir quang chira bac
sunfua:
Ag.S + 4NaCN > 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na,S
2Na[Ag(CN)2]
+ Zn > 2Ag + Na.[Zn(CN)4]

2.
Phuong
phap
nhiet
luyen
* Ca sa: Khir nhUng ion kim loai trong cac hop
chat
thucmg la
exit
kim
loai
o
nhiet
do cao
bang
cac
chat
khu manh nhu C, CO, H,
hoac
Al, kim loai ki^m, kim
loai kiem th6.
*
Phqm
vi dp
dung:
Uhg dung r6ng rai trong
cong
nghiep
de di^u che' nhffng
kim

loai c6 d6
hoat
dong trung binh nhuZn, Fe, Sn, Pb, Cr,
V6i kim loai kern
hoat
dong nhu Ag, Hg thi chi cin dot
chay
quang cung da thu
duoc
kim loai ma khdng phai
khiJr
bang
cac tac nhan
khac.
HgS + O. > Hg + SO, " " '
Ag,S + O, —^ 2Ag + SO,
*Thidu:
Fe^Oj
+ 3CO 2Fe + 3CO,
CrA + 2A1 '" > 2Cr + AUOj
ZnO + C Zn + CO
Chu v; Khi CO nong chi khir
duoc
cac ion kim loai trong cac oxit
diing
sau kem
trong day dien hoa, thi du FeO, PbO, CuO,
3.
Phuomg
phap

dien
phan
*
Casa:
Dung dong
didn
m6t
chieu
de khir cac ion kim loai. r,
*
Phqm
vi dp
dung:
Co the diSu che
duoc
hdu het cac kim loai.
- Dieu che' kim loai c6
tinh
khir manh nhu Li, Na, K,
Al,
bang
each
dien phan
nhung hop
chat
(mud'i,
baza,
oxit) nong
chay
ciia chiing.

- Dieu che' kim loai c6
tinh
khir trung binh va kim loai c6
tinh
khir yeu nhu Zn,
Cu,
bang
each
dien phan dung djch mu6'i cua chiing.
*r/(/c/M 2NaCl >
2Na+
Q,
2AI3O3
^n"^.^""i"
)4AI +30,
2CUSO4
+ 2H,0 2Cu +
2H,S04
+ O^ ^
B. PHUCM(5 PHAP GJAO
C-Ac
'D:^Na BAO T^P
Dang 1: Bai tap kim
loai
tac
dung
vol
dung
djch
muo'i,

axit
va phi kim
1.
Kh6'i luong la kem giam khi ngam la kem vao dung dich (gia thie't khi kim loai
thoat
ra bam he't vao la kem, kem chi bi oxi hoa boi ion kim loai)
A.
CdCl,. B. AgNOj. C.
PbCNOj),.
D.
CUSO4.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Cac
PTPU"
xay ra:
„
•,, i
Zn
+CdCl, > Cdi
+Zna,
^'f-
x X (mol) «>•:"' '
Am
= 112x - 65x > 0 => kh(5i luong la Zn tang. ^ ' ;;
Zn
+
PbCNO,),
> Pbl + ZnCNOj), ;

X X (mol) , , ,
Am
=
207x
- 65x > 0 kh6'i luong la Zn tang. ' ^ :^ '
Zn +
2AgN03
>
2Agi
+ Zn(N03), " '
X 2x • ^ ,
Am=:2.108x-65x>0=>kh6'iluonglaZntang.
.
Phan loai va phirati}> phi'ip
i^iai
BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
Zn
+
CUSO4
> Cu 4^ +
ZnS04
X
x(mol)
Am
= 64x - 65x < 0 => kh6'i lirong la kem giam.
Dap an
dung
la D.
2. Cho a gam h6n hop bot cac kim loai Ni va Cu vao dung djch AgNO, dir,
khuS'y

kl
m6t
thofi
gian cho den khi phan
ling
k^'t
thiic, thu
duoc
54 gam kim loai.
Mat
khac,
cung cho a gam h6n hop bot cac kim loai tren vao dung djch CUSO4
du,
khua'y kT cho den khi phan
ling
ket thuc, thu
duoc
kim loai c6 khoi luong
bang
(a + 0,5) gam. Gia trj cua a la
A.
13,5 g. B. 15,5 g. C. 18,6 g. D. 20,4 g.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
Goi X, y
\&n
luot la s6' mol Ni, Cu trong h6n hgfp. Ta c6: a = 59x + 64y
*
PTPU"

xay ra khi cho Ni, Cu + AgNO^Cdd, du):
Ni
+ 2AgNO., > 2Ag>l +Ni(N03).
X 2x
Cu + 2AgN0, > 2Agl
+Cu(N03)2
y
2y
54
Tac6:
2x + 2y = =>x + y = 0,25 (1)
108
*
PTPU"
xay ra khi cho Ni, Cu +
CuS04(dd,
dir):
Ni
+
CUSO4
> Cui +
NiS04
X X
„: Cu + CuS04-^
y
Taco:
64x + 64y = a + 0,5 = 59x + 64y + 0,5
'
=:>5x
= 0,5 =>x = 0,l (2)

Tir(l,2)^x = 0,l; y = 0,15.
Vay a = 59. 0,1 +
64.0,15
= 15,5 Dap an diing la B.
3. Hai la kim loai ciing
chat,
c6 khoi luong
bang
nhau: Mot
duoc
ngam vao dung
dich
Cd(N0,)2; mot
duoc
ngam vao dung djch PbCNO,),. Khi phan
ling,
kim loai
diu bj oxi hoa thanh ion kim loai 2+. Sau mot thai gian, la'y cac la kim loai ra
khoi
dung djch thi tha'y kh6'i luong la kim loai
duoc
ngam trong mu6'i cadimi
tang them
0,47%;
con khoi luong la kim loai kia tang them
1,42%.
Gia thiet rang,
trong hai phan ung tren khoi luong kim loai tham gia phan ufng la nhu nhau.
Kim
loai da

diing
la
A.Zn.
B.Fe. C. Cu. D. Mg.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
Kl
hifiu
kim loai do la M, s6' mol M phan ume la x:
khA'i
lirnmfr M h;in rtaH la m tn\
PTPlT:
M + Cd(N03), > Cdi
+M(N03)2
X X
(ii2-M).x 0,47 '
Taco:
M
+ PbCNOj), > Pbi + M(N03)2
(207-M).x^M2
'y'^' [2)
207-M
1,42 ^ 2
Dap an
dung
la A.
Uy(2):(l)taduoc: =
112-M 0,47
=>207-M

=336-3M=>2M=
129=^M«65(Zn)
4.
Nhiing
mot thanh sdt nang 100 gam vao 100 ml dung djch h6n hop g6m
Cu(N03)2 0,2M va AgNOj 0,2M. Sau mot
thdi
gian lay thanh kim loai ra, rua
sach
lam kh6 can
duoc
101,72
gam (gia thiet cac kim loai tao thanh deu bam het
vao thanh sdt). Khoi luong sat da phan ung la
A.
1,40 gam. B. 0,84 gam. C. 2,16 gam. D. 1,72 gam.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
Theo
bai ra:
ncu(N03)2
= 0,1. 0,2 = 0,02 (mol);
"AgNO.,
=0,1. 0,2 = 0,02
(mol).
Truofctien: Fe +
2AgN03
> 2Ag i +
Fe(N03)2

'
Khi
0,02 mol AgNOj phan
ling
het thl khoi luong thanh kim loai se tang: ''
0,02. 108 - 0,01. 56 = 1,6 (gam) < 1,72 (gam).
=> AgNOj phan
iJng
het, va mot
phSn
Cu(N03)2 da phan
iJng:
Fe + Cu(N03)2 > Cu i +
Fe(N03)2
Khi
1 mol Fe > 1 mol Cu => kh6'i luong tang 8 gam
Khi
khoi luong tang 1,72 - 1,6 = 0,12g => so mol Fe da phan ung la
=0,015
(mol) < 0,02.
8
Vay tong khoi luong Fe da phan
irng
la
mp, = (0,01 +
0,015).
56 = 1,40 (gam)
Dap an diing la A.
5. De khir ion Cu"* trong dung djch
CUSO4

c6 the
diing
kim loai
A.
Ba. B. K. C. Fe. D. Na.
Huong
dan
gidi
De khCr ion Cu-* trong dung djch
CUSO4
c6 the dung kim loai Fe:
Phdn
loai
va
phuang
phdp
gidi
BT Hoa hoc 12 -
CM
TIU.
! an
Fe +
CUSO4
> Cu + FeS04
Dap an dung la C.
6. khu
ion
Fe'* trong dung dich thanh ion Fe'* c6 ths' diing m6t lugng du
A.
kim loai Cu. B. kim loai Ba.

C. kim loai Ag. D. kim loai Mg.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
D6'
khii
ion Fe'* trong dung dich thanh ion Fe"* c6 the dung m6t luong dir
kim
loai Cu: Cu +
2Fe'*
> Cu"* +
2Fe-*
Dap an dung la A.
7. Cho day cac kim
loai:
Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S6' kim loai trong day
phan
ting
ducfc vdi dung djch FeCl, la
A.
5. B.4. C. 3. D.6.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
PTHH:
1)
Cu +
2FeCl3
^
CUCI2

+
2FeCl2
2)
Ni +
2FeCl3
^
NiCl2
+ 2FeCl2
3)
3Zn
+
2FeCl3
3ZnCl2
+ 2Fe
4) 3Mg
+
2FeCl3
^
3MgCl2
+ 2Fe
5) 3Ba + 6H2O
+
2FeCl3
^
3BaCl2
+ 2Fe(OH)3
+ 3H2
Dap an dung la A.
8. Cho h6n hop gom Fe va Mg vao dung dich AgN03, khi cac
phan

ling
xay ra
hoan
toan thu
duoc
dung dich X (g6m hai muoi) va
chat
rSn Y (gom hai kim
loai).
Hai mu6'i trong X la
A.
Mg(N03)2va Fe(N03)2. B. Fe(N03)3va Mg(N03)2
C.
Fe(N03)3 va AgNOj D. AgN03 va
Mg(N03)2.
Huong ddn
gidi
-
Y gom hai kim loai => Hai kim loai la
Ag,
Fe du
-
X gom hai mu6'i => Hai mu6'i la
MgCNOj)!
va FeCNOj),
(Vi
Fe con du nen AgNO, het, khong the sinh ra FeCNO,),)
Dap an dung la A.
9. Cho 2,8 gam b6t sat vao 200 ml dung dich gdm
AgNO3

0,lM
va
CU(NO3)2 0,5M;
khi cac
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan thu
duoc
m gam
cha't
ran
X.
Gia trj cua m la
A-4,08.
B.3,20.
C. 4,48. D. 4,72.
Huong ddn
gidi
Theo bai ra: np, =0,05mol;
n^gNOj
=0,02mol
ncu(N03)2
=0,lmol
Thii
tu
phan
iJng:
Fe

+
2AgN03
^
Fe(N03)2
+ 2Ag
4-
7;;
0,01 ^0,02
0,02 , ,< •
Fe + Cu(N03)2 ->Cu4 + Fe(N03)2 ;
>
I
(0,05-0,01)-^ 0,04 ^0,04 '
Vay
m - m^g + =
0,02.108
+
0,04.64
= 4,72 g Dap an dung la D.
10. Cho m gam b6t sat vao dung dich h6n hcfp gom 0,15 mol
CuS04va
0,2 mol
HCl.
Sau khi cac
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan, thu
duoc

0,725m gam h6n hop kim
loai.
Gia tri cua m la
A.
16,0. B. 18,0. C. 16,8. D. 11,2.
Huong ddn
gidi
VI
sau
phan
ling
thu
duoc
h6n hop kim loai (Cu, Fe du)
=> Fe du =>
CUSO4
va HCl h6i.
Fe +
CUSO4
->FeS04+Cui
0,15
<-0,15
^ 0,15
Fe + 2HC1 ->
FeCl2
+ H2 t
0,1 <- 0,2
Theo bai ra: mp^
,d^)
+ m^u = 0,725m

=> m
-
56.
(0,15 + 0,1) +
0,15.64
= 0,725m
=>0,275m =4,4 ^m = 16,0 Dap an dung la A.
11.
Hoa tan 5,4 gam bot Al vao 150 ml dung djch A chiia Fe(N03)3 IM va
Cu(N03)2
IM.
Ket
thuc phan
feg thu
duoc
m gam ran. Gia tri ciia m la
A.
10,95 B. 13,20 C. 13,80 D. 15,20
Huong ddn
gidi
Theobaira: n^, =
5,4/27
= 0,2(mol) .
nFe(N03)3
-0,15.1
=0,15(mol);nc„(NO3)2
=0,15.1 =0,15(mol)
Thirtutrong
day dian hoa:
Al^+

/A^Fe^* /Fe;Cu^^ /Cu;Fe^^ /Fe^^ V
Dovay,thiirtircacPTHH:
"
Al
+
3Fe^^^Al^^+3Fe2+
0,05 ->
0,15-^
0,15(mol)
2A1 +
3Cu2+
3Cui+2Al^+
0,1
<-0,15
0,15(mol)
11
Phan
loai vaphifcfn^phiip
fiidi
/>/
//oti hoc 12 -Cii ' h.i / )/;
2A1
+
SFe^""
^ 3Fe i +2A\^^
0,05
0,075
^ 0,075(mol)
Vay
m = mcu+ mp, =0,15.64+

0,075.56
= 13,80(g) »ap an dung la C.
12. Cho a mol bot kem vao dung djch c6 hoa tan b mol Fe(NO,),. Tim dieu kien
lien
he giOa a va b de sau khi ket thiic
phan
ung khong c6 kim
loai.
A.
a > 2b B. b > 3a C. b > 2a D. b = 2a/3
Huong ddn
gidi
Di
sau
phan
ung khong c6 kim loai thi luomg Zn (phan ung het) chi khu
Fe-^^-^Fe^^
Zn
+ 2Fe(N0,), -> Zn(N0,)2 + 2Fe(N03)2
Ban ddu: a b (mol)
Phan
ung: a 2a (mol)
Do
do b > 2a thi Zn
phan
ling
het (bj tan het) va Fe'^^ Fe^^ (dd)
Dap an diing la C.
13. Cho h6n hop kim
loiii

Mg,
Zn, Fe vao dung dich chiia
AgNO,
va CuCNO,),. Sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra
hoiin
toan thu
duoc
dung dich X g6m 3 muoi va
chat
rSn Y gom ba
kim
loai.
Ba mudi trong X la
A.
Mg(N03)3,
Fe(N03),,
AgNO.,
B.
Mg(N03)„ Zn(NO.,)„
Cu(N03),
C.
Mg(N03),,
Zn(N03),,
Fe(NO,,), D.
Mg(NO.,):,
Zn(NO,,).,
Fe(NO,).

Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Thu"
tir cac kim loai nay trong day dien hoa:
Mg2+
/Mg;Zn2^
/Zn; Fe^^ /FeiCu^^ /Cu;(Fe-'^ /Fe2+);Ag^ /Ag
=>
Kha
nang
phan
ling
ciia cac kim
loai:
Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag
Do
do 3 kim loai sau
phan
ling
la: Ag;Cu;Fe .
Vi
Fe con du nen:
+
Mg,
Zn
phan
ling
het => c6 mu6'i Mg(N03)2
'^"(^^^.Oi

+
Mu6'i
Cu(N03)2;AgNO, het => khong c6 cac mu6'iCu(N03)2 ,AgN03
trong dung dich sau
phan
umg.
+
Kh6ng tao ra muoi Fe(N03)^ ma tao ra mu6'i Fe(NO,)2 '
vay 3 mu6'i trong X la Mg(N03)2 ;Zn(N03)2 ;Fe(N03)2 •
''
' ' Dap an dung la D.
Cty
TNHH
MTV
DVVH
Khang Viet
14. Cho 29,8 gam h6n hcrp bot gom Zn va Fe vao 600ml dung djch
CUSO4
0,5M.
Sau khi cac
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan, thu
dugc
dung dich X va 30,4 gam h6n
hop kim
loai.
Ph^n tram vd khdi lucmg ciia Fe trong h6n hop ban ddu la

A.
43,63%' B. 56,37% C. 64,42% D. 37,58%
Huong ddn
gidi
,.
Theobaira: ncu,so4 =0'60,5 = 0,3(mol)
Vi
khdi luong hdn hop kim loai sau
phan
ling
lodi
hon khdi luong hdn hop tru6c
phan
ling
(30,4g > 29,8g) => Fe da
phan
ling
mot phdn. Do do, CUSO4 da
phan
ling
het, hdn hop kim loai sau
phan
ling
gdm Cu va Fe dir. ,.
^
Goi
X,
y, z Idn
lirot
la sd mol Zn, Fe

phan
ling,
Fe con du.
PTHH:
Zn + CUSO4 -> ZnS04 + Cu i
X
-> X -> X
Fe + CUSO4 ->
FeS04
+ Cu i
y
^ y -> y
Taco: x + y=0,3
65x + 56.(y + z) = 29,8
56z + 64.(x + y) = 30,4
Giai
ra ta dugc: x =0,2;y = 0,l;z = 0,2
56.(y + z).100% 56.(0,1 + 0,2). 100%
vay: %mp, =—^- '- = — — = 56,37%
29,8 29,8
Dap an dung la B.
15. Cho a mol Al vao dung dich chiia b mol Fe"* va c mol
Cvr*.
Ket thiic
phan
ling
thu
duoc
dung djch chiia 2 loai ion kim
loai.

Ket
lufln
nao sau day la diing?
,
2b 2(b + c)
A.
—<a<—^ -
3 3
2(b
+
c)
3
3
C.^<a<
3
3
3
2(b
+
c)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Vi
dung dich thu
dugc
chiia 2 ion kim loai
(Al'*
sinh ra va Fe""^ con du)
=>

Cu-' het (Cu-*
phan
ling
trudc Fe*); Al het (vi Fe"* con du).
PTPlT: 2A1 +
3Cu2^
>
3Cu I
+2A1^+
j,.,,.
, (D
,
hu>'A
—
<—
c(mol)
2A1
+ 3Fe^^
>
3Fe i + 2A1
3+ (2)
(
2c
1
3
20
a a
3
2
3

Phdii
locii
vu
pliif<yiii>
plu'ip
i^idi
BT Hoa hoc 12
—
Cu
Thanh
Toan
- Vi Al phan utig vijfa du
hoac
con dir b phan utig (1) n6n:
^2c
a > —
3
- Vi Fe-* con dir (phan irng 2) nfen:
(I)
a
2c ^
<b
3a ^ 3a \b + c)
=>
c<b=>
— <b + c
=J'a<-—
2 2 3
Tir(I),(II)
2c 2(b + c)

(11)
Dap an
dung
la C.
3 3
16. Cho m gam h6n hop bot X gom Fe, Cu vao
600ml
dung djch AgNO, IM. Sau
khi
ket thiic phan
iJng
thu
duoc
dung djch Y g6m 3 muoi (kh6ng chiia AgNOj)
CO
khdi luong giam 50 gam so v6i ban dSu. Gia tri
ciJa
m la
A.
64,8 B. 14,8 C. 17,6 D. 114,8
>;
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theobaira:
nAgN03
=0>6(mol)
- Vi dung djch sau phan
ling
thu

duoc
3 muoi => Fe, Cu phan ung het
- Trong dung djch sau phan irng khdng c6 AgNOj => AgNOj da phan ting het.
So 66 phan
ling:
Fe,Cu
+ AgNOj ^ Fe (NO3 \u (NO3 \(NO3 )3 + Ag i
Ta c6:
m
+ m
ddAgN03
""^Ag"^
""""^ddsau
Dap an diing la B.
^ m + mddAgN03
=0,6.108
+
(m,dAgNO3
"^^j
=>m
=0,6.108-50
=
14,8(gam)
CM
v: Cac
PTPLT
xay ra:
Fe +
2AgN03
->

Fe(N03)2
+ ^
Cu +
2AgN03
^
Cu(N03
\ 2Ag I
Fe(N03)2
+ AgN03 ->
Fe(N03)3
+ ^8 ^
17. Ngam h6n hop 3
kirn
loai Fe, Cu, Ag trong luong du dung djch
cha't
X, khua'y
ky
cho den khi phan
iJng
ket thiic thi
cha't
rSn thu
duoc
chi c6 Ag va c6 khdi
lugng
bang
khdi luong
ciJa
no trong hdn hop dSu. Vay X la
A.CUSO4

B.Fe(N03)3
C.HC1 D. AgNOj
Huong
ddn
gidi
X phai la
Fe(N03)3,
that vay:
Fe +
2Fe(N03)3
^
3Fe(N03)2
Cu +
2Fe(N03)3
^
2Fe(N03),
+ CuCNOj),
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH
Khans
^'4*
Con lai Ag
khdng
phan
ung,
luong
con lai
dung
bang
luong
ban ddu.

Dap an
dung
la B.
18. Cho m gam bot sat tac dung vdi 175 gam dung djch
AgN03
34%, sau phan ling
thu
duoc
dung djch X chi chiia 2 mudi sat va 4,5m gam
cha't
ran. Ndng d6
ciJa
Fe(N03)3
trong dung dich X la
A.
7,60% B.
12,36%
C. 8,31%
D.9,81%
.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bai ra: n
AgN03
= "J^^ =
0,35(mol)
Vi
dung djch X khdng con AgNOj => AgNO, het

=> n^g - nAgN03 =
0,35(mol)=>mAg
=
0,35.108
= 37,8 (gam)
=> 37,8 = 4,5m =:>m =
8,4(gam)=>np^
=
8,4/56
=
0,15(mol)
Goi X, y \k\t la sd mol
Fe(N03)2
va
Fe(N03)3
Ta c6: 2x + 3y = 0,35 (bao toan
electron)
X + y = 0,15 (bao toan nguyen td sat)
Giai ra ta
duoc:
x = 0,1; y = 0,05
vay C,,,o )
="'"^•^^^•'"'^^-8,31%
DapandanglaC.
•
^ Fe(N03)3 175 +
8,4-37,8
Chu V. Khdi luong phdn dung
dicll
sau phan

ling:
•"dd =
""ddAgNOj
+ "Ipe - "lAg4.
19. Cho m, gam Al vao
100ml
dung dich gdm
Cu(N03)2
0,3M va AgNO, 0,3M.
Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra
hoan
toan thi thu
duoc
mj gam
chat
ran X. Neu cho
mj
gam X tac dung vdi luong du dung djch HCl thi thu
duoc
0,336
lit khi (o
dktc). Gia trj
ciJa
m, va m^ Mn luot la
A.0,54va5,16
B.
I,08va5,43
C.8,10va5,43
D.
I,08va5,16

Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bai ra: ncu(N03)2 " ^'' -^'^ "
0,03mol;
"AgNOj
=
0,1.0,3
=
0,03mol;nH2
=0,336/22,4
=
0,015mol
Ag •iiMi'rtu
So dd phan ung xay ra: Al ^l^ff^
>
\u
>
H2 t
PTHH:
Al
Al
+
3AgN03
-> 3Agi
+A1(N03)3
0,01 <- 0,03 -> 0,03
2A1 +
3Cu(N03)2-^

3Cui +
2Al(N03)3
0,02 <- 0,03 0,03
2A1
+
6HCI
->
2AICI3
+ 3H2 t
0,01 <- 0,015
Vay:m,
=(0,01 + 0,02 + 0,0l).27
=
l,08(g) „ ^ ,
m2 =mcu+mAj,
=0,03.64+0,03.108=5,16(g) Dap an diing la D.
20. Day nao sau day chi gom cac chat
vira
tac dung duoc vdi dung djch HCl,
vira
tac dung duofc
vorj
dung djch AgNO,?
A.
Hg,Na,Ca B.
Al,
Fe, CuO C. Fe,
Ni,
Sn D. Zn, Cu, Mg.
Huong

ddn gidi
Day
gom cac chat
vira
tac dung v6i dung djch
HCl,
vira
tac dung v6i dung dich
AgNO,
la Fe,
Ni,
Sn.
Fe + 2HC1
FeCl2+H2
Fe + 2AgN03 Fe(N03)2+2Ag
Ni
+ 2HC1 ^
NiCl2+H2
Ni
+ 2AgN03 ->
Ni(N03)2+2Ag
Sn + 2HC1 ->
SnCl2+H2
Sn + 2AgN03 ^ Sn(N03)2 + 2Ag
Dap an diing la C.
21. Nhung mot la kim
loai
M (chi c6 hoa trj hai trong hop chat) c6
khoi
lirong

50
gam vao 200ml dung dich
AgNO,
IM cho den khi phan iJng xay ra hoan toan.
Loc
dung djch, dem c6 can thu duoc 18,8 gam muoi khan. Kim
loai
M la
A.
Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn
Huong
ddn gidi
Theobai ra: n^^j^^^ =0,2.1 =0,2
(mol)
M
+ 2AgN03
^M(N03)2
+
^Ag 4-
0,1 <-0,2 ^ 0,1
Gia
sir M la kim
loai
Zn (kim
loai
c6 phan tiJr
khoi
Idn nha't => c6 s6' mol nho
nhat)
thi

n^, = 50/65 = 0,77mol >0,1 =>
Kim
loai
M con du,
AgNOj
phan linghet.
TheoPTHH=>n^NO^)^=0,l(mol)
=>MM(NO3)2
= ' 8,8/0,1 = 188
MM
= 188 - 62.2 = 64(Cu)
Vay
M la kim
loai
Cu. Dap an diing la B.
22. Cho h6n hop gom 0,02 mol Fe
vii
0,01 mol Cu vao dung djch chiia
0,065
mol
AgNO,,
sau cac phan ung hoan toan thu duoc 200 ml dung djch X. N6ng do cua
Fe(N03), trong dung djch.X la
A.0,05M
'£pa;075r^», C. 0,025M
D.O.IOM
Cty
TNHH
MTV~DWH
Khang Viet

Hu&ng
ddn gidi
Trat
tir
day didn hoa: Fe'V Fe; Cu'V Cu ; Fe'7 Fe'^;
AgV
Ag
nen
trinh
tir cac phan ling xay ra nhu sau:
Fe +
2AgNO,
->
Fe(N03)2
+
2Agi
'
0,02 0,04 -> 0,02 (mol) ''
Cu
+ 2AgN03 Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
0,01 -> 0,02
S6' mol
AgNO.,
con lai
0,065
- (0,04 + 0,02) =
0,005
(mol)
Fe(N03), +
AgNO,

->
Fe(N03)3
+ Agi
0,02
0,005
(banddu)
0,005
<-
0,005
^
0,005
(mol)
vay nong do
Fe(N03)3
trong dung djch X:
CFe(N03),
=^ =
0'025
(M)
Dap an dung la C.
23. Hoa tan h6n hop chiJa dong thai 0,15 mol m6i kim
loai
Fe va Cu trong 675ml
dung djch
AgNOjlM,
khoi
luong chat rSn thu duoc khi ke't
thiic
phan dng la
A.

75,3 B.64,8 C. 70,2 D. 72,9
Hu&ng
ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: nAgN03 =0,675(mol)
Thiitutrong
day dien hoa: Fe^+/Fe; Cu^^/Cu; Fe^+/Fe^+;
Ag+/Ag
Fe + 2AgN03 -> Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag^
0,15^0,075
-)• 0,15 ^ 0,3
Cu
+ 2AgN03 ^Cu(N03)2+2Agi
0,15^0,3
/ -> 0,3
Fe(N03)2
+AgN03
>• Agi + Fe(N03)3
0,075
<-
0,075
->
0,075
vay
m,i„
= m^gi = 0,675. 108 = 72,9 (gam) Dap an dung la D.
24. Cho 1,76 gam h6n hop bot X gom Cu, Fe c6 ti 16 mol tuong
ling
la 1: 2 vao
100ml
dung djch

AgNO,
IM,
khua'y kl d^ cac phan urng xay ra hoan toan.
Khd'i
luong
Ag thu duoc la
A.
6,48 gam B. 8,56 gam C. 10,8 gam D. 8,64 gam.
Hu&ng
ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: nAgN03 =^'1 ('"°')
Goi
X la s6'
mol
Cu => s6'
mol
Fe
1^
2x.
fH'J VI^N
Tl'.MH
«iNH
THl.'ANJ
———
^—— :L
Ta
c6: 64x + 56. 2x = 1,76 => x = 0,01 (mol)
Vi
thiJ tu trong
day

di6n
hoa: Fe-'/Fe;
Cu'VCu;
Fe-*/Fe'";
AgVAg
Nen
thii
tix phan ung
xay ra:
Fe
+2Ag"
Fe-"
+2Ag>l
0,02^0,04-^0,02^0,04 ' '\h
Cu
+
2Ag"Cu-"
+
2Agi
,
0,01
->0,02 0,02
Fe-" + Ag" ^ Fe'*
+Agi
0,02 -> 0,02 ^ 0,02
=> n + = 0,04 + 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,08 < 0,1 =>
Ag"
con
du
=

n^ +
(Pu)
= 0,08 (mol)
=>
m^g
= 0,08. 108 = 8,64
(gam)
Dap an
dung
la D.
25.
Hoa tan 5,4 gam b6t Al vao 150 ml
dung dich
h6n hop Fe(N03)3 IM va
Cu(N03)2
JM- Sau khi
phan
ihig
xay ra
hoan loan
thu
duoc
m (gam)
chat
ran.
"
Gia
tri
cua m la
*

A. 13,80. B. 10,95. C. 15,20. D. 13,20.
Hu&ng
dan gidi
Theobaira:
n^,
=0,2mol; np^
=0,15mol
"Cu(N03)2
Thu-
tu
cac
PTHH
xay ra:
Al
+ 3Fe
(NO,
\
Al
(NO,
\ 3Fe
(NO,
\
0,05<-0,15 ^ 0,15
2Al+3Cu(N03)2->3Cui+2Al(N03)3
0,1
<-0,15
-^0,15
2A1
+
3Fe(N03)2

^ 3Fe i
+2A1(N03)3
0,05-> 0,075 -> 0,075
Vay
m= 0,15.64+ 0,075.56 = 13,80(g) Dap an
dung
la A.
26. Hoa tan 1,57 gam h6n hop b6t
kim loai
gom
Al,
Zn vao 100 ml
dung djch
h6n
hop AgNO,
0,1M va
Cu(N03)2
0,3M. Sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan toan
thu
diroc
chat
ran X va
dung dich
Y chi chiJa hai
mudi.
Ngam

X
trong dung djch
H2SO4
loang kh6ng tha'y
c6 khi
thoat
ra. Cho
dung dich NH3 dir
vao Y thi thu
dugc
bao
nhieu
gam ket tua?
A.
1,96
gam
B. 2,74
gam
C. 1,56
gam
D. 0,78
gam
Hu&ng
dan gidi
[
Theobaira:
n^gNOj
=0,1.0,1 =0,01
mol
Cty TNHH

MTV
DVVH
Khang
Via
ncu(NO3)2-0'10'3
=
0,03mol
So d6
phan
ling: '
Al,Zn
+ AgN03,Cu(N03)2 ^
X^^^
+ 2
mudi
(dd)
Suy ra:
' ' "' '^^ ^ ,
• •
+ Hai
mudi
la
Al(N03)3,Zn(N03)2
=>
AgN03,Cu(N03)2
he't
+ Chat
ran X
khdng
tac

dung vdi
H2SO4
loang
=> X
chura
Ag va Cu
(Al,
Zn deu het)
Do do, Al
va
Zn phan ung vijfa dii
vori
AgNO,
va Cu(N03)2
,
;j
.
Qua
trinh
cho -
nhan electron:
Al
Al-''+
+ 3e
X
-> X ->
3x(mol)
Zn
->
Zn^^

+ 2e
y
-> y ^ 2y
(mol)
Ag"^
+ le -> Agi
0,01
->0,01
Cu^+
+ 2e ^
Cu
i
0,03 -> 0,06
=^3x + 3y = 0,01+0,06 =0,07 (l) >
Mat
khac:
27x + 65y = 1,57 (2)
Tir(l,2)
^x=0,01;y = 0,02
Al-^^+3NH3+3H20->Al(OH)3 i+3NH;
Zn^^
+
6NH3
+
3H20->[Zn(NH3)^](OH)2+2NH;
Khdi
luong
ket
tiia
thu dirge:

m
i= 78x = 78.0,01 = 0,78(g) Dap an
dung
la D.
27. Cho m gam bdt sat vao
dung dich chiia
0,2 mol
AgNOj
va 0,1 mol Cu(N03)2,
khua'y
deu den
khi
cac
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan toan thu dugc
19,44 gam
chat
ran.
Gia tri ciia
m la ^^
A.
5,6 B.5,04 C.3,36 D. 8,4
Hu&ngddngidi
^ ,1 i
Gia
siJr
AgN03 phan
lifng

het
thi
tao ra 0,2
mol
Ag
m^g
= 0,2.108 = 21,6(g) > 19,44(g)
Plum
loai
vci
phifcmij
phop
i^icii
BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
=> AgNOj con du, Cu(N03)2
chua
phan
irng, Fe
phan
iJng
het:
Fe + 3AgNOj (dif) ^ Fe
(NO3
)^
+ 3Ag i
m/56 3m/56(mol)
Taco:
—.108 = 19,44
=:>m=3,36(g)
Dap an

diing
la C.
56
Chu y: Fe + 2AgNO, -> Fe(NO3
)^
+ 2Ag i
Fe(NO,)2
+ AgNO,
->•
Fe(NO,), + Ag i
=> Fe + 3AgNO, (du) Fe (NO,
)^
+ 3Ag i
28. Cho 10,7 gam h6n
hcrp
kim loai g6m Mg,
Al,
Fe (c6 d 16 mol 1: 1: 1) vao
dung
djch chiia 0,75 mol AgNO, den khi cac
phan
li-ng xay ra
hoan
toan
thu
duoc
bao
nhieu
gam
chat

rSn?
A.
59,6 B. 32,6 C. 81 D. 75,6
Huong
dan
gidi
So mol moi kim loai Mg,
Al,
Fe la x
^
24x + 27x + 56x = 10,7 => X =
0,1
(mol)
Mg
+ 2AgNO, ^ Mg(N0,)2 + 2Ag i
0,1 ^ 0,2 -> 0,2 (mol)
Al
+ 3AgNO, ^
Al(NO,)3
+ 3Ag i
0,l-).0,3
^ 0,3(mol)
Fe + 2AgNO,
Fe(N0,)2
+ 2Ag i
0,1-> 0,2 -> 0,2 (mol)
i
Fe(NO,)3 + AgNO, ^ Fe(NO,)^ + Agi
0,05
(0,75-0,7)->•

0,05 (mol)
Chat
ran thu
duoc
chi c6 Ag
m^g^ (0,2+ 0,3+ 0,2+
0,05).
108 = 81(g) Dap an
dung
la C.
29. Cho 16,2 gam kim loai M c6 hoa tri n tac
dung
vdi 0,15 mol O,.
Chat
ran thu
duorc
sau
phan
urng
dem hoa tan vao
dung
djch HCl du
tha'y
thoat
ra 13,44 lit H,
Of
dktc. Kim loai M la
A.
Be. B.
Al.

C. Ca. D. Mg.
'
Huong
dan
gidi
Sad6phaniJng:
M ) M,0,,; M
—tS^iiiHL^
MCL
"
"2
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
M
> M"* + ne
16,2
M
(mol)
16,2.n
M
(mol)
16,2.n^
^
e (cho) = . . (mol)
.
. m
O, + 4e > 20"-
0,15 0,15. 4 (mol)
2H"
+ 2e >
2.13,44

13,44
>Ie(nhan)
=0,15.4
+
22,4
2.13,44
22,4
22,4
=
l,8(mol)
Do do, ta c6: = 1,8 =^ 16,2n = 1,8M ^ 9n = M
M
Ta
CO
bang:
M
Kl
9(Be)
Loai
18
Loai
27 (Al)
Thoa
man
Dap an
dung
la B.
(n
=
1, M = 9 (Be)=> loai vi Be hoa tn n = 2).

(n
=2, M = 18
kh6ng
c6 kim loai nao
thoa
man).
Vay M la
Al.
30. Cho hiin hop gom 0,15 mol Mg va 0,1 mol Al vao
dung
djch
chira
dong
thdi 0,2
mol
A^
NO, va 0,25 mol Cu(N03)2, sau
phan
ihig
hoan
toan
thu
duoc
dung
dich
X.
Cho NaOH du vao
dung
djch X thi khoi lirong ket tiia tao ra la
A.

21,4 gam B. 18,4 gam C. 8,4 gam D. 13,6 gam
Huong
ddn
gidi
Thu' tuirong day
dien
hoa:
Mg2VMg;Ar^VAI;Cu2VCu;AgVAg
' ,, , . _
=> Thu" ir
phan
ling hoa hoc xay ra:
Mg
+ 2AgN0, Mg(NO,)^ + 2Ag I ' ' ' ''
0,1<- 0,2 -> 0,1
Mg
+ Cu(NO,)2 Mg(NO,)2 + Cui
(0,,5-0,1)
0,05 0,05 '• ' . ,.
2A1
+
3Cu(N03)2
-> 2Al(N03)3+3Cui
0,1 ^ 0,15 -> 0,1
=>
Dungdjch
Xco: 0,15
mol MgCNO,),; O.lmolAl(N03)3
;
0,25-0,05-0,15 =

0,05mol
Cu(N03)2
(du)
X
+
dd NaOH (du):
Mg(N03)2
+
2NaOH-^Mg(OH)2
4+2NaN03 . ,
0,15 ^0,15 • i7 -
Cu(N03)2+2NaOH^Cu(OH)2i+2NaN03
, (.
0,05 -> 0,05
Al(N03),+4NaOH->NaAl(OH)^+3NaN03
' 'H:.
Khoi
luomg ket tua thu
duoc:
m
1=0,15.58
+ 0,05.98 = 13,6(g)
Dap
an
dung
la D.
31. Ngam
m6t vSt
bang
dong

c6
kh6'i luong
10 gam
trong
250 gam
dung dich
AgNOj
4%.
Khi la'y vat ra thi khoi lirgng AgNO, trong dung djch giam
17%.
a) Viet phiromg
trinh
hoa hoc cua
phan
ling
va
cho
biet
vai tro
cac
chat
tham
gia
phan urng.
b)
Xac
dinh kh6'i luong cua vat
sau
phan ung.
Huong

ddn
gidi
a) PTHH:
Cu +
2AgN03
>
CU(N03)2
+
2Ag
i
Chat
khu
chat
oxi
hoa
b) Kh6'i luong AgNOj
c6
trong dung dich ban ddu:
m^gN03
- ^^^'^ = 10(g)
100
S6'mol
AgNO, tham gia phan
ling
= =
0,01mol
^
100.100
Cu
+

2AgN03
>
Cu(N03)2
+
2Ag
i
0,0085 <- 0,017 >
0,017mol
Kh6'i luong cua vat sau phan img (gia
thid't
Ag sinh
ra
bam h6't
trdn
vat):
m,i,
= 10 + (108 . 0,017) - (64 . 0,0085) = 10,536 g
32. Cho h6n horp gdm
1,2
mol Mg
va x
mol Zn vao dung djch chiia
2
mol Cu""^
va
10.536
mol Ag"^ den khi
cac
phan
ling

xay ra
hoan
toan, thu
dugc
m6t dung dich
chua
ba
ion kim loai. Trong
cac gia
trj
sau
day,
gia
tri nao ciia
x
thoa
man trucmg
hoj.
tren?
A.
1,5. B. 1,8. C. 2,0. D. 1,2.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Thuf tir trong
cac
day dien
hoa:
Mg-^
Zn'' Cu-* Ag*

Mg
Zn Cu Ag
22
2+
Dung djch thu
duoc
chura
3
ion kim loai
'
i=>
3
ion do phai
la
Mg"*
,
Zn"* va Cu"* (du).
Vi
Cu"* con du
=>
Mg va Zn phan
xing
het.
Cac qua
trinh
phan
ling
xay
ra:
Mg

- 2e > Mg'
1,2 > 2,4
(mol)
Zn
- 2e > Zn
x
2x
(mol)
Ag*
+ le > Agi
1
>
1 (mol)
Cu-*
+ 2e > Cui
2 > 4
(mol)
Vi
Cu-*c6ndunen:
2,4 + 2x < 1 + 4 => x < 1,3.
Trong
cac
gia tn da cho thi
x = 1,2 < 1,3
thoa
man y6u
ciu
bai toan.
Dap
an

dung
la D.
33. Cho m gam
bot
Cu vao
400
ml dung djch AgNO, 0,2M,
sau
m6t thcri gian phan
ling
thu
duoc
7,76 gam h6n
hop
chat
rdn
X va
dung dich
Y. Loc
tach
X, roi
thdm
5,85
gam bot Zn vao Y,
sau
khi phan umg xay ra
hoan
toan thu
duoc
10,53

gam
chat
ran Z. Gia trj ciia m
la
A.
6,40. B. 5,76. C. 3,84.
D.
5,12.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Cdch
1:
Theo
bai ra: "AgNOj
= 0,4.0,2 =
0,08(mol)
=
5,85/65 =
0,09(mol)
VI
2nz„
>nAgN03
(20,09>0,08)
=>Zn
con du sau
khi
cac
phan
ling

xay ra
hoan
toan.
Cu
+
2AgN03
^
Cu(N03)2
+
2Ag
i
=> X
(ran): Ag, Cu
(chua
phan ting)
, ,;
Y
(dung djch): AgNOj
(chua
phan ling), CU(N03)2
Zn
+
2AgN03
->
Zn (NO3)^
+
2Ag
i , : . :
Zn
+

Cu(N03)2->
Cu
>l+Zn(N03)2
=> Z
(ran): Ag, Cu, Zn (du)
Vay thuc
chat
ciia thi nghiem tran la:
; - i .JiJ
23
Zn
+ 2AgNOj ^
Zn (NO,
\ 2Ag i
0,04«-0,08^
0,08(mol) (• , .
Dodo:
mx + = m +
m^g
+ m^n (dir) '
=>
7,76 + 10,53 = m + 0,08.108 + (0,09-0,04).65 => m = 6,40
Dap
an dung la A.
Cdch
2: riAgNo,
=0.08mol;n5,„
=0,09(mol)
Vi
2nz„

=0,18>nAgNO3
=0,08=>Zn (du)
So d6 torn tat:
AgNO,
) AgN03,Cu(N03)2 -i|j^Zn(N03)2
+
Zn
2AgN03
+ Zn ->
Zn(N03)2
+ ^
0,08 ->. 0,04(mol)
Theo djnh luat bao loan
khdi
lirong,
ta c6:
'nAgN03
+
"^Zn
+
"^Cu
= + + mzn(N03)2
mcu
= m = mx + mz +
m^^^f^Q^)^
- mAgN03 -
m
= 7,76 + 10,53 + 0,04.189 - 0,08.170 - 5,85
=>m
= 6,4(gam) Dap an diing la A.

34. Cho 6,4 gam bot Cu vao V ml dung dich AgNOa 0,2M, sau m6t then gian phan
ling
thu duoc 7,92 gam h6n hop rin X va dung dich Y. Loc tach X, r6i them
10,35 gam bot Pb vao Y, sau mot
thori
gian phan
ling
thu duoc 10,44 gam h6n
hop rdn Z va dung dich A. Loc tach Z, r6i them 5,85 gam b6t
iZn
vao A, sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 10,28 gam chat xkn B va dung dich chi chiJa
mot
chat tan. Gia tri
ciia
V la
A.
200.
B.
400.
C. 600.
D.
150.
Dap
an dung la B.
Dang 2: Bal tap tinh chat vat If cua kim loai
L
Cho cac kim

loai:
Cu, Ag, Fe,
Al,
Au. Day cdc kim
loai
duoc xd'p theo chieu
giam
ddn do dSn dien la
A. Al,
Fe, Cu,
Ag, Au. B. Ag,
Cu,
Au, Al,
Fe.
C.
Au, Ag,
Cu, Fe,
Al.
D.
Ag,
Cu, Fe,
Al,
Au.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
D6
dSn dien giam dan theo Ag > Cu > Au > Al > Fe.
Dap
an dung la B.

Chu V.
Ag dSn
difin
t6't nha't, r6i d^'n Cu.
2.
Tinh
dSn dien ctia kim
loai
phu thu6c vao
A.
do dac
kbit
cua kim
loai.
B. mat d6 electron tu do.
C. kieu mang
tinh
the kim
loai.
D. mat do ion kim
loai.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
,
\
Tinh
dSn dien
ciia
kim

loai
phu thuoc vao mat do electron tir do.
Dap
an dung la B.
3.
Cho cac kim
loai:
Cr, W, Fe, Cu, Cs. Sap xep theo chieu tang ddn do cung tir
trai
sang
phai la
A.
Cu < Cs < Fe < W < Cr B. Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr
C. Cu < Cs < Fe < Cr < W D. Cs < Cu < Fe < Cr < W
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
D6
ciJng: Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr Dap an dung la B.
Chu
y; Kim
loai
cumg nha't la crom (Cr);
Kim
loai
mem nha't la cac kim
loai
kiem.
Dang 3: Bai tap ve pin dien hoa
L

Trong pin difen hoa Zn - Cu, qua
trinh
khir
trong pin la
A.
Zn —^
Zn-"
+ 2e. B. Cu
>
Cvr*
+
2e.
C.
Zn-"
+ 2e > Zn. D.
Cu""
+ 2e > Cu.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Trong
pin Zn - Cu, phan urng xay ra khi pin boat d6ng la:
Zn
+
Cu-"
> Cu + Zn-"
Phan
ii-ng
khiJr
Cu"":

Cu"" + 2e > Cu.
Phan
ling
oxi hoa Zn: Zn >
Zn""
+ 2e.
r
Dap an dung la D.
2. Cho m6t pin
difn
hoa duoc tao boi cac cap oxi hoa -
khir
Fe""/ Fe va Ag"/ Ag.
Phan
ling
xay ra d cue am
ciia
pin dien hoa (o didu kien chudn) la
A.
Fe >Fe-"+2e. B. Fe"" + 2e > Fe.
B. Ag"
+ le > Ag. D. Ag
>
Ag"
+ le.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Pin
Fe -

Ag:
Cue am la Fe, cue duong la
Ag.
^ . , ,
Cue am xay ra qua
trinh:
Fe > Fe"" + 2e
Dap
an diing la A.
3.
Mot pin didn hoa c6 didn cue Zn nhung trong dung djch ZnS04 va dien cue Cu
nhung trong dung dich CuSO^. Sau m6t
thori
gian pin do phong didn thi
khoi
luong
Phdn
loai
ra
pliironi;
jilu'ip
t^liii
/IT 116a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh
Toan
A.
ca hai dien
circ
Zn va Cu
dfiu

giam.
B. dien cue Zn tang con
khd'i
luomg dien
eirc
Cu giam.
C. dien
circ
Zn giam con khoi lucmg dien cue Cu tang.
D.
ca hai
didn
cue Zn va Cu d^u tang.
Huong
dan
gidi
Sod6ciiapin: 0 Zn /
ZnS04
//
CUSO4/
Cu @
Phan
ling
xay ra khi pin phong dien:
Zn
+ Cu-* (dd) > Cui + Zn-' (dd)
Suy ra,
khd'i
luong la Zn
ngay

cang
giam (Zn > Zn'* (dd) + 2e), kh6'i lucmg
la Cu
cang
tang (Cu'^dd) + 2e > Cu i).
Dap an
dung
la C.
4. Khi pin
didn
hoa Zn - Cu phong di6n thi ndng do
A.
cua Cu"* giam, ciia Zn"* tang. B. ciia Cu'"^ giam, ciia Zn'* giam.
C. ciia Cu-* tang, ciia Zn"* tang. D. ciia Cu"* tang, ciia Zn"* giam.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Phan
ling
xay ra khi pin Zn - Cu phong dien:
Zn
+ Cu-* > Cu + Zn-*
=> n6ng d6 Cu"* giam, n6ng d6 ciia Zn"* tang. Dap an diing la A.
5. Trong qua
trinh
hoat
dong ciia pin
didn
hoa Zn - Cu thi
A.

kh6'i luong ciia dien cue Cu giam.
B. kh6'i luong ciia
didn
cue Zn tang.
C. ndng do ciia ion Cu'* trong dung djch tang.
D.
ndng d6 ciia ion Zn"* trong dung dich tang.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Phan
ling
hoa hoc xay ra: Zn + Cu^"^ ^ Cu i + Zn^"^
Suy ra: + Kh6'i luong cue Zn giam.
+
Khdi
luong cue Cu tang.
+ Nong d6 ion Cu"* giam.
+ Nong do ion Zn'* tang.
Dap an
dung
la D.
6.
Sua't
dien d6ng (Ej,J cua pin
didn
hoa
khong
phu
thuoc

vao
A.
ban
chat
ciia kim loai lam dien cue.
B. ndng do ciia cae dung dich
mudi.
C. nhiet d6.
D.
khdi
luong cae dien cue. *
Huong
ddn
gidi
Sua't
dien d6ng
E^,,,
phu
thuoc
vao:
-Ban
chat
cae kim loai lam dien cue.
.!,'>,
-
- Ndng d6 cua cac ion kim loai (dung djch mudi). ,•
-Nhietdd.
Khong phu
thu6c
vao khoi

lugfng
cae dien cue. Dap an diing la D.
7. Cho
E°z„
2*
/7.„
= -
0,76V;
E\+
/p,
= -
0,13V.
, /
Phat
bieu
diing
la: •
A.
Khi hinh thanh pin dien hoa,
anot
la cue Zn.
B.
Sua't
dien d6ng chuc4n ciia pin dien hoa Zn - Pb
bang
0,89V.
C.
Phan
ling
xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Pb phong dien (d dieu kien chuan):

Pb + Zn-* > Zn + Pb'*
D.
Trong pin dien hoa Zn - Pb, nd'u sii dung cdu
mudi
la dung dich
NH4NO3.
Khi
pin
hoat
d6ng thi ion NO 3 di ehuye'n ve phia cue Pb.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Pin dien hoa Zn - Pb.
-
Phan
umg xay ra trong pin: -
Zn
+ Pb-* > Pb + Zn-*.
- Vi
E°z„
2+ ^„ <
E°pb
2+ => Zn CO
tinh
khii
manh hon Pb => Zn la cue am
(anot), Pb la cue duong
(catot).
^

pin(Zn-Pb)
— Pb-* /Pb ^ Zn /Zn
= -0,13
-(-0,76)
=
0,63V.
- d cue Pb (cue duong,
catot):
Pb"* + 2e > ?hi.
Do dd, ion NH4 se di chuyen ve phia cue Pb de trung hoa dien tich.
Dap an
dung
la A.
8. Trong qua
trinh
pin dien hoa Zn - Ag
hoat
dong ta nhan tha'y
(cho biet
E°z„
2+ ^ = -
0,76V;
E^ * =
"t"
0,80V,
cSu
mudi
la dung djch
KNO3)
A.

khdi
luong ciia dien cue Ag giam.
B. ndng do ciia ion Zn"* tang.
C. ion K* di chuyen v^ phia
anot.
D.
sua't
dien d6ng chudn cua pin
bang
0,80 - 0,76 =
0,04V.
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
,.
Phan
umg xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Ag
hoat
d6ng:
Zn
+ 2Ag* > Zn-* + 2Agi
Ph.'in
Ji'.ii
V,)
n!i
II',
/»/;<//'
/!,':i
lifi
'
2

-
C
/<
1
luinli
I pan
Ta thay:
-
Kh6'i
lircmg
dien
cue
Ag tang
(khoi
luong dien
cue Zn
giam).
-
Nong
do
ion Zn-''tang (nong
do
ion
Ag"^
giam).
-
Trong pin
Zn -
Ag thi
anot

la
Ag, catot
la
Zn.
d
anot
(cue
Zn):
Zn ^
Zn"*
+ 2e ''
d
catot
(cue
Ag):
Ag*^
+ le > Agi
Do
do 6
catot thieu dien
tich
duong
(do
Ag*
bj
dien phan)
ndn
K* {cAu mu6'i)
di
chuy^n

do
(chii
khong anot).
-
Suat
dien dong chudn
E^,, ,z„. ^g,
=
E^g + /^g
"
E°z„
/z,,
EV.z„-Ag,
= 0,8 -
(-0,76) =1,56(V).
Dap
an dung la B.
9. Vai
tro
ciia
cau
muoi trong pin dien
hoa, la
A.
cung
cap
them ion
cho cac
dung dich mudi.
B.

can
bang
dien
tich
trong
cac
dung djch.
C.
lam
chat
xiic
tac cho
phan iJng oxi
hoa -
khii
xay ra
khi pin
boat
ddng.
D.
con
ducmg
di
chuyen ciia
cac
electron tir
cue am
sang
cue
duong.

Huong
dan
gidi
Vai
tro ciia
cau muoi
trong pin dien hoa: Can
bang dien tich
trong
cac
dung dich.
Dap
an dung la B.
10.
Trong pin dien
hoa Cr - Sn xay ra
phan
ling:

Cr +
Sn-*
>
Cr'*
+ Sn.
Bia't E°c,^+,c,
= -
0,74V.
Sua't
dien ddng chu^n ciia pin dien
hoa nay la

'
A 0,60V.
B.
0,88V.
C.
0,60V. D.
-
0,88V.
•
Hu&ngddn
gidi
-
VI
Epi„
lu6n duong => loai phuong
an A va D.
-
VI
Cr
CO
tinh
khij
manh
hon Sn ndn:
"
^
(Cr
-
Sn)
- S.I

ASii
^ Cr /Cr
=
E''s„2+,s„
-(-0,74)
=
E°s,.2^s„
+0,74(V).
•,
-
Vi Sn
diing
tru6c H trong day dien
hoa
nen
E^s,, ^+ ys,
< 0.
Do
do
EV-S,)
<
0,74V
=>
E°,a-s,)
=
0,60V
Dap an diing la C.
11. Co mot hoc
sinh viet
kf

hieu ciia
pin va
tinh
sua't
dien ddng chu^n tuong
ling
ciia
pin
nhu sau:
PinZn-Cu
:
E%,
=+
1,10V.
r Pin
Ag-Cu
:
E''pi„
=
+0,46V.
(
V
TNHH MTV DVVH
Khang
Viet
Pin
Zn -
Ag
:
E°pi„

= +
5,00V.
Pin
Ag-Zn
: =+ 1,56V. ^
Sd pin dien
hoa
chudn khong
c6 chd nao sai la
(chobietE^g\Ag
= +0,80V;
E^cu
2+= + 0,34V;
E°z„
2+= - 0,76V)
A.
1. B. 2.
C.
3. D.4.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Xet
cac
pin:
*
Pin sai (dch
viet
ki hieu:
-

Pin Ag
- Cu (ma
phai
la
pin
Cu -
Ag)
-
Pin Ag
- Zn (ma
phai
la
pin
Zn -
Ag).
*
Pin
CO
gid tri
sua't
dien dong
chuan
E"
sai:
-
Pin
Zn -
Ag:
E",,,,
=

E^,
+
„^
- E\„
2+
^„
=
0,8 - (-0,76) = 1,56V.
Vay chi
CO
1 pin
c6
ki hieu dung
va
E°p|„
dung.
(Pin
Zn -
Cu:
E°pi„
= +
1,1OV).
Dap an diing la A.
12. Cho mot
pin dien
hoa
duoc
tao
bdi
cap

oxi
hoa -
khir
Fe^*/
Fe va
Ni'*/ Ni.
Phan
ling
xay ra
or
cue am
ciia pin diSn
hoa (6
difiu
kien
chu^n)
la
A.
Fe ^
Fe2+
+ 2e B.
Ni
^
Ni^*
+ 2e
C.
Fe^*
+ 2e
->
Fe f

^
' D.
Ni^*
+ 2e Ni
;
. c.y Huong ddn
gidi
Ca'u
taopin:
(-)Fe/Fe2+//Ni^+/Ni(+)
Phan
utig
xay ra
of
cue am
(anot):
Fe
>
Fe^*"
+ 2e
Phan
lirng
xay ra 6
cue duong (catot):
Ni^^
+ 2e >Ni
Phan
ling
tdng eong:
Fe +

Ni^"^
^•Fe^^'+Ni
Dap
an dung la A.
Chu
v;
Trong pin dien
hoa: I
-
d cue am
(anot): Xay
ra
oxi
hoa
-
d cue
duong (catot): Xay
ra su
khir
'
13.
Mdt
pin
dien
hoa gdm
dien
cue la sd day bac
nhiing
vao
dung dich

AgNOj
va
dien cue kia la mot sgi day
platin nhiing
vao
dung dich chiia ddng thdi
Fe(N03)3
va
Fe(N03)2.
Phan
ung xay ra d
dien
cue
duong ciia pin dien
(d
dieu
kidn
chu^n)
la
(cho E"
^ =+0,8;E° ,+ =+0,77V)
Ag+/Ag
Fe-'+/Fe2+
,. j
A.
Fe2+
->
Fe-^*
+ le
B.

Fe-''^
+ le ->
Fe^*
[
'
^
:
C.
Ag*
+ le
-> Ag
D.
Ag
^
Ag""
+ le • ' '
urn
loai
va
phifcfnij
phcip
}>idi
BT
Hoa hoc 12
- Cii
Thanh
Toan
Huong ddn
gidi
Ag^

Ag e
Pin
GPt
Phan
ihig
xay ra b cue duong (catot):
Ag"^
+ le Ag i
Dap an diing la C.
CM V.
-
Phan
iJng xay ra trong pin (hoat d6ng):
AgN03
+ Fe
(NO3
\e
(NO3
)3
+ Ag . ;
-
Cue duomg cua pin (E° , be hon) lu6n xay ra su khu.
Mn
/M
-
Cue
am
ciia
pin lu6n xay ra su
oxi

hoa.
Dang 4: Bai tap tinh SDD chuan cua pin; tinh the dien cue chuan
1. Biet
sua't
dien dong
chua'n
cua pin Zn - Cu la 1,10V, the dien cue chudn
ciia
didn
cue Zn la - 0,76V, the dien cue chu^n cua dien cue Cu la
A.
+ 0,34V. B. - 0,34V. C. - 1,86V. D. + 1,86V.
Huong ddn
gidi
Tac6:EV„,„.c„,
=E°c„2^eu
- E°,„2+,,„
=> 1,10
=E°c„2^eu
-
(-0,76)
^
E°c„2+/cu
= 1,10 - 0,76 = + 0,34(V).
Dap an dung la A.
2. Biet rang E^
,z„.c„)
= i,10V va E^Cu'VCu) = +0,34V. The'dien cue chu^n cua
cap oxi hoa
khir

Zn'^/Zn
la
A.
- 0,76V B. + 1,44V C. + 0,76V D. -1,44V
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Ta
CO
E°
.=
E
Pin,zn-C„,-
I^^^2+/Cu
^Zn2+/zn
Theo bai ra: 0,34 -
E^__2,^^_^
=1,10
E^^^.^^^
=0,34 -1,10 =-0,76V
Dap an diing la A.
3. Cho
sua't
dien dong
chua'n
cua cac pin dien hoa: Zn - Cu la 1,1V; Cu - Ag la
0,46V. Biet the' dien cue chudn
EV/Ag
= + 0,8V. The'
difin

cue chu^n
A.
+ 1,56V va + 0,46V. B. -1,46V va - 0,34V.
C. - 0,76V va + 0,34V. ,. . ; ,(j D. - 1,56V va + 0,64V.
Huong ddn
gidi
Taco:
VdiE°
^ =0,8V.
Ag+/Ag
Ttr(2)=>E°^,,^^^
=
-H0,34V.
. ,
Tir(l)^E"
^ =0,34-1,1 =-0,76
(V).
Zn
/Zn
Vay
E° 2+ va E%^ iSn luot la - 0,76 V va + 0,34 V.
Zn2+/Zn
Cu^+ZCu
'
' ' ' '' Dap an diing la C.
4. Cho cac the'dien cue chu^n:
E°,+3/A,
= "
^zn^^/Zn
=

"^'^^^^
^Pb2+/Pb
=
- 0,13V; E° 2+^^ = + 0,34V. Trong cac pin sau day, pin nao c6
sua't
dien
d6ng chudn Idm
nha't?
A.
PinPb-Cu. B. Pin Zn - Cu.
C. Pin Zn - Pb. D. Pin
Al
- Zn.
Huong ddn
gidi
Pin
CO
sua't
dien dong chudn 1dm
nha't
khi pin tao ra tir cap dien cue
each
xa nhau
nha't
trong day dien hoa.
Do
do, trong cac pin da cho thi pin Zn - Cu (vi tri
ciia
cap Zn'V Zn va Cu'V Cu
each

xa nhau nha't) c6 SDD chu^n 16n
nha't.
E;,„(Zn-Cu)
=E«^2.,,„
- E^^2.,,„
=
+0,34 - (-0,76) = 1,1 V.
Dap an dung la B.
5. Cho biet
phan
ihig
oxi hoa -
khir
xay ra trong pin dien hoa Fe - Cu la:
Fe + Cu-* ^ Fe-" + Cu
E"
(Fe-7 Fe) = - 0,44V, E° (Cu'V Cu) = + 0,34V.
Sua't
dien d6ng chudn cua pin
dien hoa Fe - Cu la
A.
0,10 V. B. 0,78 V. C. 0,92 V. D. 1,66 V.
Huong ddn
gidi
"
E''pin(Fe-Cu) =
E''cu2+/cu-
E^^+ZFe
. ' ;,i
=

0,34 - (-0,44) = 0,78 V.
Dap an diing la B.
•^1
fhan
loai vd
phUang
phap
nidi
til Hoa hoc 12 - Cii
Thanh
Todn
6. Cho th6' dien cue
chu£n
cua cac cap oxi hoa - khu
Ag^/Ag,
Cu^^/Cu,
Pb^^ /Pb,
Zn^"^
/Zn c6 gia tri Idn lucrt la: +0,80V; + 0,34V; -0,13V; -0,76V.
Trong
cac pin sau, pin nao c6
suS't
didn dong chudn
Idti
nha't?
A.
PinPb-Cu B. PinZn-Ag C. PinZn-Cu D. PinPb-Ag
Hu&ng
dan gidi
EjinHx)

=
Epi„(zn-Ag)
= 0-80 - (-0,76) = 1,56V
I
Dap an dung la B.
E°„(2„_c„)
=
1,10V;E°_2.^^,,
=-0,76V va
E^^+^^g
=+0,80V.
SuSt
dien
dong chuiin ciia pin didn hoa Cu-Ag la
A.
0,46V. B. 0,34V. C. 1,14V. D. 0,56V.
Huong
dan gidi
^cu^^cu =^pi"(zn-Cu) +
E«^,,^^^_
=l,10
+
(-0,76) = +0,34(V)
V^y^
KHC ,)=K,^,A,-
-^CU^^CU
=0,80-0,34 = 0,46(V).
Dap an dung la A.
8. Cho
bifl:

E;,,^
=-2,36V;
E»,,,^,
=^,76V;
E»_,.^^
=^,3V; =^J,V
Pin
dien hoa c6
sua't
dien dong chudn
bang
1,61V
duoc
ca'u tao bai hai cap oxi
hoa -
khii
A. Zn^^
/Zn va Pb^^ /Pb B. Pb^^ /Pb va Cu^^ /Cu
C.
Mg2+
/Mg va Zn'" /Zn D. Zn'" /Zn va Cu'" /Cu
Huong
ddn gidi
Bie'u
thiic
tinh
SDD chudn (E^. ,): E°., = Ef,, -
=>1,61
=(_0,76)-(-2,37)=.E°
2, -E%,

Vay pin diroc ca'u tao boi hai cSp
Mg'"
/Mg va Zn'" /Zn
Dap an diing la C.
9.
Cho the' dien circ
chuan:
Zn""/ Zn = - 0,76V; Fe'V Fe = - 0,44V; Ni'V Ni = -
0,26V; Cu-7 Cu = + 0,34V. Pin dien hoa c6
sua't
dien
d6ng
chudn nho
nha't
la
pin
tao bai hai dien cue
A.
Fe-Ni B.Zn-Fe C. Zn - Cu D. Ni - Cu
Huong
ddn gidi
Ti'nh
sua't
dien d6ng chuSn E° ciia cac pin:
Epe-Ni
=-0,26-(-0,44)=0,18(min)
-;0
-•(;'>
<y ^i-
Ezn-Fe=-0'44-(0,76)=0,32V

<
' •
Ezn-Cu-0,34-(0,76)=1,10V
ENi-Cu=0'34-(-0,26)=0,6V
Dap an dung la A.
10. Cho ba
kirn
loai:
M,
R, X. Biet E° ciia hai cap oxi hoa - khiJ
M-"/M
= - 0,76V
va R-7 R = + 0,34V. Khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i cia R thl c6
phan
ling
xay
ra, con khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i ciia M thi khdng xay ra
phan
umg. E° ciia
pin
M - X
bang
0,63V thi E" ciia pin X - R
bang
A.
0,47V. B. 1,05V. C. 0,21V. D. 1,1V.
Hu&ng
ddn gidi
Sa d6
phan

utig:
X +
R'" ^
X"" + R
X + M'"
-> kh6ng xay ra.
Thii
tu trong day dien hoa: M
->
X
->
R
Theo bai ra:
Eji„M-x
=
E"^„.^^
-(-0,76)
=0,63
vay
E;,,X_.
=E»2.^,
-E^„,^^
=0,34-(-0,13) = 0.47V
Dap an dung la A.
11. Trong cac cap oxi hoa - khu:
Zn""/ Zn;
Cu""/ Cu;
Ag"/ Ag; Ni""/ Ni
thi pin dien
hoa

CO
sua't
dien d6ng 1dm
nha't
la pin tao bai cap oxi hoa - khu
A.Zn-"/ZnvaAg"/Ag.
B. Zn""/Zn va Cu""/Cu.
C.Cu-"/CuvaAg"/Ag. D. Zn""/Zn va
Ni""/Ni.
i
Hu&ng
ddn gidi
Thur tu cac cap oxi hoa - khir trong day dien hoa:
Zn'"
/Zn;Ni'"
/Ni;Cu'"
/Cu;Ag" /
Ag
Pin CO
SDD chudn Idn
nha't
khi tao bai cap oxi hoa -
khijf
c6 the' dien cue
ehu^n
tha'p
nha't
(Zn'"/Zn) va cao
nha't
(Ag"/Ag)

=>Epi„
Idn
nha't
la pin tao
bcri
Zn'" /Zn va
Ag"
/
Ag
.
Dap an dung la A.
/'//(///
lixii \ pJicij)
i^icJFBT
H6(i hoc 12 -Cii
Thanh
Toan
12.
Cho cac the' dien
circ
chudn: E° =
-1,66V;E°
2+ ,^ =
+0,34V
. Bifi't
suS't
didn
dong chuiiin ciia pin: E"„_CU = M^'E^p-Ai
=0,71V
. Vay

sua't
dien d6ng
chudnciiapin
Mg-Zn|^E^^g_^„j
la
A.
2V B. I,61V C.0,9V D. 1,81V
.;'
Huong
dan
gidi
Ta
ti'nh
duoc: E° 2+
=0,34-1,1
=
0,76V
E° 2+
=-1,66-0,71
=-2,37V
vay
E^g_y„
= -0,76 - (-2,37) =
1,61V
Dap an
dung
la B.
Dang 5: Bai tap so
sanh
tinh ox! hoa - khiir, xac dmh chilu cua

phan
ihig oxi
hoa - khiir
1. Cho E",,, 2+ = -
0,76V;
E"c„ 2+ = +
0,34V;
E\, 2+ ^, = -
0,23V.
Cac
cation
CO
tinh
oxi hoa giam din
theo
thii
tir
A.
Ni-\^ Zn'\. Cii'\^
Ni"*.
C. Cu-^ Nr\^ D. Nr\^ Cu-\
Huong
ddn
gidi
• Sapthu-tir
E''M"^M
:E''cu^^cu>EV^%i >^\„^'
=> Cac cation c6
tinh
oxi hoa Cu"* >

Ni"*
> Zn^*
Dap an
dung
la C,
2.
Cho
sua't
dien dong chudn ciia cac pin dien hoa:
E°x-Y
= +0,62V; E\.^ =+ 1,1V; E^X-T = +
0,32V.
Tinh
khu ciia kim loai X, Y, Z, T tang ddn
theo
thi} tu
A.
X, T, Y, Z. B. Z, Y, T, X.
C. T, Y, Z, X. D. X, Y, Z, T.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Nhan xet.
- Trong cac pin tren, X ddu dong vai tro cue am
=> X CO
tinh
khu manh hem cac kim loai Y, Z va T. (1)
- VI E^x-V < E^x-z E°vy-/Y - E''x^^« < E»,^V "
E°x^"/x
E°Yy+;y>E"z'+/-^=^ Tinh khu Y > Z. (2)

- VI E-'x-V > E^x-T ^
E%y+;v
- E°x^V >
E\>V-E^x^V
Cty
TNHH
MTV
DVVH
Khcms-
Viet
E^v
y+/Y > E"TTinh khu T>Y. (3)
Tir(2,3)^Z<
Y<T. kj
Tir(l),
(2, 3)
=>Z<
Y<T<X.
Dap an
dung
la B.
3. Cho
sua't
dien dong
chuan
E" ciia cac pin dien hoa:
E"(Cu - X) =
0,46V;
E^CY - Cu) = 1,1V;
E"(Z

- Cu) =
0,47V
(X, Y, Z la ba kim loai). Day cac kim loai xep
theo
chieu tang dan
tinh
khii
tu
trai
sang
phai la ' > >
A.Z,Y,Cu,X. B.X,Cu,Z,Y.
C. Y, Z, Cu, X. D. X, Cu, Y, Z.
Huong
ddn
gidi
VI
EV„-
X. =
0,46V
^
E"c„
2-
/cu
< E^x« '
=> Tinh khu X<Cu. (1)
Vi E^-CU, = 1,1V =^
E"e,2+^,„
> E\y^^
=> Tinh khuCu < Y. (2)

Vi
EV-cu, =
0,47V
:=> E"c.2^cu > E'V/^/z
=> Trih khuCu <Z. (3)
Vi
F" -i. F° —> F" 2+ _ pO y+ ^ F" 2+ - pO 7,+ l*
* ' (' -Cii) E, ,x_Cu) ^ ^ Cu /Cu C Y -' /Y I- Cu /Cu ^ Z /Z- »
^ E\+
/Y
< E"z ^+
r,,
=> Tinh khijf Y > Z. (4)
Tu(l,
2, 3,4)
taco:
X<Cu<Z<Y. Dap an diing la B,
4.
Cho su£ t dien dong
chuan
E° ciia cac pin dien hoa:
Ex_Y -l,lV;Ex_z =0,78V;E"_Z =0,46V (X, Y, Z, T la bon kim loai).
Day cat: kim loai xep
theo
chilu tang ddn
tinh
khCr tir
tnii
sang
phai la

A.
Y,Z,T,X B.T,Z,X,Y C. Z, T, X, Y D. T, Z, Y, X
Huong
ddn
gidi
- Kim loai viet truoc la cue am (anot), kim loai viet sau la cue duong (kim loai
dong vai tro la cue am eo
tinh
khu manh hoii kim loai dong vai tro cue ducfng)
=> Tinh khu:
X>Y;X>Z;T>Z
- Pin CO E°
cang
lorn thi
tinh
khiJf
cQa cac kim loai
cang
chenh
lech
nhau
nhifiu
(hay noi
each
khac
chiing
cang
xa nhau tren day dien hoa).
<y>
;

- Do do, thu tu tren day dien hoa ciia cac kim loai: X > T > Z > Y.
>
' /
vay
tinh
khir tang ddn
theo
thii
tu Y, Z, T, X.
Dap an diing la A.
5. Trong day the dien cue
chuan
ciia kim loai, vj tri mot so cap oxi hoa - khu
duoc
sdp xep nhu sau: ' • ' • ' "
Al'VAl,
Fe-^/Fe,
Ni=*/Ni,
Cu'VCu,
Fe'^/^e=^
AgVAg, Hg=*/Hg. ,
/'/(,/(/
\
p/i(/p
gidi
BT Hoa hoc 12 -Ci)
Thanh
Toan
Trong
so cac

kim
loai
Al, Fe, Ni,
Cu,
Ag, Hg, so
kim
loai
khi
tac
dung
v6i
dung
djch
Fe'* chi
khCr
duoc
Fe'* Fe"*
la
A.
1. B. 2. C. 3. D.4. ^ •
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
Al'*
Fe-* Ni-* ,. Cu-* Fe'* Ag* Hg-*
Al
Fe
N
i
Cu

Fc r*
Ag
•
Hg
Dira
vao day dien hoa trSn va qui tdc a ta bid't
duoc
cac kim loai trong
doan
Fe-*/Fe
va Fe'*/ Fe"* se
chi khiJr
diroc Fe'* > Fe"*.
Do
do
CO
3 kim loai Fe, Ni, Cu.
f)ap an dung la
C.
6.
Day cac ion xep
theo
chilu
giam ddn
tinh
oxi hoa la (biet trong day dien hoa, cap
Fe'*/ Fe-* diJng trirorc cap
Ag*/Ag)
A.
Fe'*,

Ag*,
Cu-*, Fe-*. B.
Ag*,
Fe'*, Cu"*, Fe"*.
C. Fe'*, Cu-*,
Ag*,
Fe-*. D.
Ag*,
Cu"*, Fe'*, Fe"*.
Dap an dung la
B.
7.
Mdnh d^
khong dung
la
A.
Fe
khij
duqfc Cu"* trong dung dich.
B.
tmh oxi hoa cua cac ion tang
theo
thir
tir:
Fe"*,
H*,
Cu"*, Ag*.
C. Fe'*
CO
tinh

oxi hoa manh hon Cu"*.
D.
Fe-* oxi hoa
duoc
Cu.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
•
Xet cac phuong an sau:
A. Dung.
Fe-*/Fe
+ Cu-*/Cu (quy tdc a):
Fe + Cu-* > Fe-* + Cu.
B. Dung.
Tinh
oxi hoa Fe'* <
H*
<
Cu"*
<
Ag*.
C.
Dung.
2Fe'*
+ Cu > Cu"* +
2Fe-*.
D. Sal.
Fe'* c6
tinh

oxi hoa yeu hcfn Cu"* ntn Cu + Fe"* khong xay ra.
Dap an dung la
D.
8.
Cho cac
phan
ung xay ra sau day.
(1)
AgNOj +
Fe(NO_,)3
> Fe(N03)3 +
Ag
i
(2)
Mn + 2HC1 >
MnCK
+H.t
Day cac ion sdp x6'p
theo
chidu tang ddn
tinh
oxi hoa la
A. Ag*,
Fe'*,
H*,
Mn=*.
B.
Ag*, Mn"*, H*,
Fe'*.
C.

Mn-*, H*, Ag*,
Fe'*. D.
Mn"*, H*,
Fe'*,
Ag*.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
-
Ta c6:
(1)
Ag* +Fe-* > Fe'* + Ag
Ti'nh
oxi hoa Fe'* < Ag*.
(2)
Mn +
2H*
> Mn-* + H, -)
z=> Tmh oxi hoa
Mn"*
<
H*.
Do
do
Mn'*
<
H*
< Fe'* <
Ag*. Dap an diing la
D.

Chii
v: Day dien hoa: Mn"* H* Fe'* Ag*
—\>
Mn
H, Fe-* Ag
9. Cho cac
phan
ling
sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO,)^ ->
3Fe(NO3 )^ ''
:v
(
AgNO,
+ Fe(NO,)2 ^ Fe(N03)3 + Ag
Day sdp x6'p
theo
thii
tu tang ddn
tinh
oxi hoa cua cac ion kim loai Id '
A.
Ag^Fe2^Fe^+ B. Fe2^Fe•'^Ag+ •
C. Fe2+,Ag",Fe-'" D. Ag",Fe"'",Fe^"
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Suy ra thu tu trong day dien hoa:
Fe^"/Fe;Fe-'"/Fe2";Ag"/Ag
Vay
tinh

oxi hoa: Fe^" < Fe"*" < Ag"
Dap an dung
la B.
10.
Thii
tu m6t s6' cSp oxi hoa - khCr trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Fe-*/Fe;
Cu'*/Cu;
Fe'*/Fe"*.
Cap
chat
khong
phan
ung
vori
nhau la
A.
Fe va dung djch FeClj.
B.
dung dich FeCK va dung dich
CuQi.
C. Fe va dung djch CuCl
D.
Cu va dung djch FeClj. ! .
Huong ddn
gidi
.j,,'
X^t
cdc phuofng an:
A.

Fe +
2FeCl3
>
3FeCi2
B.
FeCU + CuCK > khong xay ra.
)
-
//
i ;
C. Fe + CuCU > Cu + Fed.
D.
Cu +
2FeCl3
> 2FeCl, + CuCl, '
Dap an dung la
B.
11.
Cho cac cap oxi hoa - khiJ
duoc
sdp xep
theo
chieu tang ddn
tinh
oxi hoa ciia
dang
oxi hoa nhu sau: Fe^"
/FcCu^"
/Cu,Fe''"
/Fe^".

Phat
b'iiu nao sau day la
dung?
37
A.
Cu
klurduDC
Fe'*
th;uih
Fe . B. Cu"^^
oxi hodduoc
Fe^"^
thanh
Fe^^
j
C Fe'*
oxihoaduDC
Cu
thiuih
Cu^* . D. Fe"*
oxi hoadiioc
Cu
thaiih
Cu^* .
Huong dan
gidi
;
Ta c6: Cu +
2Fc^^
^

Cu'+ + 2Fe^+
Cu^*
+
Fe^""
Khoiig
xay ra
2Fe^*+Cu^2Fe'*+Cu'*
^^ .
(Fe'* oxi
hoa
duoc
Cu thanh Cu'*)
Fe'^* + Cu
->
Khong xay
ra • '
=>
Phat
bieu diing
la
C. Dap
an
diing
la C.
12. Cho cac ion kim
loai:
Zir*,
Svr*,
Ni"*,
Fe"*, Pb"*.

Tlii}
tir
tinh
oxi hoa giam
diln
la
A. Zn-*
>
Sn=*
>
Ni"*
>
Fe"*
> Pb'*.
B.
Pb-*>Sn-*>Ni-*>Fe-*>Zn-*.
C. Sn-*>Ni-*>Zn-*>Pb-*>Fe-*.
D.
Pb-*
>
Sn-*
>
Fe-*
>
Ni'*
>
Zn"*.
Huong dan
gidi
ThiJ

tir
tfnh
oxi
hoa
giam dSn: Pb"*
>
Sn'*
>
Ni"*
>
Fe"*
>
Zn"*.
Dap
an
dung
la
B.
13.
Cho day cac
ion:
Fe"*,
Ni"*,
Cu"*, Sn"*. Trong cung dieu kien,
ion c6
tinh
oxi
hoa manh
nhat
trong

day la
A.
Sn-*. B. Cu-*. C. Fe-*. D.
Ni"*.
Huong dan
gidi
Trong
cling dieu kiSn (nhiet d6, nong do),
thu-
tir
tfnh
oxi
hoa
ciia
cac
ion
la:
Fe-*<Ni-*<Sn-*<Cu^*
=>
Ion
CO
tfnh
oxi
hoa
manh
nhat
la
Cu"*. Dap
an
diing

la B.
14. Qion
phat
bieu dung;
A.
Tfnh
oxi hoa cua
Ag*
>
Cu"*
> Fe'* >
Ni"*
> Fe"*
B.
Tfnh
klur
ciia
K > Mg > Zn >
Ni
> Fe > Hg
•,
C.
Tfnh
khir
ciia
K > Fe > Cu >
f
>
Fe"*
> Ag

D.
Tfnh
oxi
hoa ciia
Ag*
>
I.
> Fe'* >
Cu"*
>
S"-
Huong dan
gidi
Xet
cac
phuong
an:
g
A. Sai,
VI
tfnh
oxi
hoa
Fe'*>Cu^*
2Fe'*
+ Cu
^
2Fe-+ + Cu^*
B.
Sai,

VI
tfnh
khuFoNi
.
Fe +
Ni^*
^Ni + Fe^+
38
C. Dung.
D.
Sai,
VI
tfnh
oxi
hoa Fe'* >
2Fe-'*
+21'
.2Fe2*+Io
Dap
an
dung
la C.
Chit y:
*
Chung minh
tfnh
khir: Cu > I
>
Fe^*
(Cu'*/Cu;l2/r;Fe'VFe2*)

Cu
+ 1, -> Cu^* +
2r ;
Tfnh
oxi hoa:
Ij
> Cu^*
2Fe-^*
+ 2r->2Fe^*+l2
=^TfnhkhiJf:
F
>Fe^*;
Tfnh
oxi hoa:
Fe'* >
I,
^
Ul^^l^
*
Cac
the
dien circ
chuilin
E"
Oxi
hoa/Kh
K*/K
Mg-*/Mg
Zn-*/Zn
s/s-'

Fe-*/Fe
Ni-*/Ni
E°(V)
-2,92
-2,36
-0,76
-0,51
-0,44
-0,25
Oxi
hoa/Kh
H*/H.
Cu-*/Cu
Cu-*/Cu
Fe'*/Fe-*
Ag*/Ag
E"(V)
0,00
0,34
0,52
0,54
0,77 0,80
15. Day gon
A.
Cr^*,
C.
Fe'*,
1
cac
ion

deu
oxi
hoa
duoc
kim loai
Fe la
Au-'*,Fe-'*
B.
Cr2*,Cu2*,Ag*
Cu^\Ag\.
Zn^^Cu2*,Ag^
Huong dan
gidi
Cac ion oxi
hoa
dugc
Fe (cac
ion ciia
cac
kim loai dung
sau Fe
trong
day
dien
hoa va ion Fe''*
:
2Fe'*
+
Fe-^3Fe2*
Cu-*+Fe^Cu + Fe^^

2Ag*+
Fe^Fe^*+2Ag
Dap an dung
la C.
16. Day gom cac kim
laii
ddu tac dung
duoc
vol
dung djch FcQ, la:
A.
Fe,
Mg, Cu, Ag, Al B.
Fc,
Zn, Cu, Al,
Mg
,.
,/
C.Cu,Ag,Au,Mg,Fc
D.Au,Cu,AI,Mg,Zn
, , .
Huong dan
gidi
Cac kim loai
tac
dung vai FeCl,:
^ "
Fe + 2FeCl3->3FeCl2
- •
39

t
rfffftrr
t r 'ff.
Zn
+
2FeCl3
ZnCl,
+ 2FeCl2
Cu
+
2FeCl3
->
CuCl,
-b-2FeCl2
Al
+ 3FeCl3 ^
AICI3
+ 3FeCl2
Mg
+
2FeCl3->
MgClj
+
2FeCl2
r -rt)!
Im
Dap an
dung
la
B.

17. Thir tu m6t
s6'cap
oxi hoa
-
khif trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Mg^VMg;Fe2VFe;Cu2VCu;Fe^VFe2*;Ag+/Ag.
'
Day chi g6m
cac
chat,
ion tac dung
duoc
vdi ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch
la
A.Mg,Cu,Cu2^
B.Mg,Fe2^Ag
C.
Mg,Fe,Cu
D. Fe,Cu.Ag^
Huong
ddn
gidi
Dua vao quy tie
a ta
xac djnh
duoc:
• ^
.: Mg
+ 2Fe-'^
->Mg^*

+ 2Fe^*
:
Fe +
2Fe^^
^3Fe2+
" Cu
+ 2Fe2^
^Cu^^+2Fe2^
Dap an
dung
la
C.
18. Cho
biet
thiif
tu tir
trai
sang
phai cOa
cac
cap oxi hoa
-
khir trong day dien hoa
(day the dien cue
chu^n)
nhu sau:
Zn^*
/Zn;Fe2+
/FeiCu^^
/Cu;Fe-'VFe2^;

Ag^ /
Ag.
Cac
kirn
loai va ion deu phan ung
duoc
v6i ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch
la
A.Zn,Ag*
B.Ag,Cu-*
C.
Ag, Fe'" D. Zn, Cu"*
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
quy tac nguofi
ta
xac djnh
duoc:
"
Zn
+
Fe^* >Fe
+
Zn^*
Ag^
+
Fe^^ >Ag
+

Fe-'^
Dap
an
dung
la A.
19. Cho gia trj
thd'
dien cue
chua'n
ciia mot
so
cap oxi hoa
-
khu:
Cap oxi hoaAhu
/M
/x
/Y
E°(V)
Phnn
,'rnr,
J.
-2,37
-0,76
-0,13
+
0,34
Phan
u-ng nao sau day xay
ra?

A.Z
+
Y^-^Z^^Y
B.Z
+
M^*^Z2-+M
C.X
+
Z'^->X'UZ D.X
+
M^^-^X^^+M
Huong
ddn
gidi
i
r ,
ii,.H
Dap an
dung
la
C.
Theo
quy
tSc a:
Z^""
+ X ->
X^^
+ Z
20. Cho
sua't

didn
d6ng
chua'n
ciia cde pin
didn
hoa:
,
Ez-H2
=
0,44V;
E^_^
=
0,78V;
E^_y
=
1,24V.
Bifi't
^°y3+/-^2+ = +
0,77V
; X, Y , Z
la cac kim loai,
cac
ion kim loai tuong ung
la X-\^ va Z'^
Cho rieng
biet
tung kim loai
X, Z
vao lucfng du m6i dung djch
chua

m6t ion kim
loai sau:
Y^
X-^ Z-\ phan u-ng oxi hoa
-
khu xay ra
la
A.
3. B.6. C.4.
D.
5.
Dap an
dung
la
B.
Dang
6:
Bai tap ve an mon kim
loai
1. Trucmg hop
khong
xay ra hien tuong an mon difen hoa
la
A.
de ta'm sat
duoc
ma km
bang
thiec
ngoai khong khi £m.

B. hai day Cu va Al
duoc
noi true tiep vdi nhau va de ngoai
kh6ng
khf dm.
C. de thanh
thep
ngoai khong khi dm.
D.
hai thanh Cu, Zn
duoc
noi vdi nhau bdi day dSn va cung nhiing vao dung dich HQ.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Khong
xay ra hien tuong an mon dien hoa khi
khong
thoa
man
ca 3
di^u
kidn
an mon dien hoa:
- Co
2
dien cue
c6
ban
chat

khae
nhau
- Hai dien cue tie'p xiic true tia'p
hoac
n6'i vdi nhau qua day dSn.
- Hai dien cue ciing
duoc
nhiing trong mot dung dich
chat
dien li.
Do do, khi de ta'm sat
duoc
ma kin
bang
thiec
ngoai khdng khi dm
=>
khong xay
ra
hi6n
tuong an mon
di6n
hoa (vi khong
c6
di^u kien 1 va 3).
Dap an diing
la
A.
2. Bid't rang ion Pb"* trong dung dich oxi hoa
duoc

Sn.
Khi nhiing hai thanh kim
loai Pb va
Sn
duoc
nd'i vdi nhau
bang
day dan dien vao mdt dung djch
chat
dien
li
thi
A.
chi
CO
Sn
bj
an mon dien hoa.
B. chi
CO
Pb bi an mon dien hoa.
fi,;. ^ ,
C.
ca
Sn va
Pbdeu
khdng bj an mon
difin
hoa.
, ,

D.
ca
Sn va Pb deu bi an mon dien hoa.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Ion
Pb-* oxi hoa
duge
Sn
=>
Sn cd
tinh
khu manh hon Pb.
'
v,
, '
*
/ '
41
Trong thf nghiem nay,
thoa
man
3
dieu i<ien
cua an
mon dien
hoa (cae
dien
cue

Pb,
Sn
khae
nhau, ndi
v6i
nhau bing
day
dfui,
cung nhiing
vao
dung dich
chat
dien li), do do kim loai
c6
tinh
khu manh hon
(cue
am)
se bj an
mon dien
hoa (d
day
la Sn), con
kim loai
c6
tfnh
khu yeu hon
(cue
duong,
a

day
la Pb)
khong
bj
an mon.
Dap
an
dung
la A.
3.
Co 4
dung dich rieng biet:
CUSO4,
ZnCU,
FeCl,,
AgNO,.
Nhiing
vao m6i
dung
djch mot thanh Ni.
So
truofng hop xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa la
A.
3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
Hming
d^n
giai

Cac trucrng hop xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa:
Ni-Cu:
Ni
+
CuS04->Cui+NiS04
Ni-Ag:
Ni
+
AgNO, ^2Agi+Ni(NO,)2
=>
Co 2
truong hop. Dap
an
diing
la C.
4. Tid'n hanh
4
thi nghiem
sau:
- Thi nghiem
1:
Nhung thanh
Fe
vao dung djch
FeCl,.
- Thi nghiem
2:

Nhiing
thanh
Fe
vao dung djch
CUSO4.
- Thi nghiem
3:
Nhiing
thanh
Cu
vao dung dich
FeCl,.
-
Till'
nghiem
4:
Cho thanh
Fe
tiep xiic v6i thanh Cu roi nhiing vao dung djch HQ.
So
truong hop xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa la
A.
1. B. 2. C. 3. D.4.
Huong
dan
gidi
Cac truofng

hop
xuat hien
an
mon dien
hoa
khi
thoa
man
3
dieu ki6n
an
mon
dien
hoa.
- Thi nghiem
1:
Chi
c6 1
ditn
circ
(cue Fe).
- Thi nghiem
2: Fe +
CUSO4
>
Cui
+ FeS04
Thoa
man
3

dieu kien:
Co 2
dien
cue
khae
nhau
(cue Fe,
circ
Cu),
hai cue n6'i
true tiep vdi nhau,
hai
dien
cue
duge
nhiing
vao mot
dung djch
chat
dien
li la
dung
djch
CUSO4.
- Thf nghiem
3:
Chi
c6
mot dien
cue (cue

Cu).
- Thf nghiem
4:
Thoa
man
3
dieu kien
an
mon dien
hoa.
Vay
CO
hai truong hop
thoa
man xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa
(TN2
va
TN4).
Dap
an
dung
la B.
5.
Co 4
dung djch rieng biet: HCl, CuCK,
FeCl,,
HCl

c6
kin CuCK. Nhung
vao
m6i
dung
djch mot thanh
Fe
nguyen
chat.
So
truomg hop xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa la
A.
0. B. 1. C. 2.
D.
3.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Cac truong hop
thoii
man
3
di^u kien
an
mon dien
hoa la:
1.

Fe/
dd CuCU
: Fe +
CuCU
> Cu +
FeCl.
(Cu sinh
ra
bam vao thanh
Fe =>
thoa
man
3
dieu kien
an
mon di6n hoa).
2.
Fe/dd
HCl, CuCl,: Tuong tir tren
'
Dap
an
diing
la C.
6. Cho cac hap
kim
sau: Cu - Fe
(I);
Zn - Fe
(II);

Fe - C
(III);
Sn - Fe
(IV).
Khi
tiep xiic vdi dung djch
chat
dien
li thi cac hop
kim
ma
trong
do Fe deu bj an
mon trudc
la
A.
I, II
va
III.
B.I,IIvaIV.
C. I, III va IV. D.
II,
III
va
IV.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Fe
bi an

mon trudc khi
Fe
dong vai
tio cue am (Fe c6
tfnh
khu manh hon,
hay
noi
each
khae
la Fe
dung truoc trong day dien hoa).
Do do,
cac
hop kim ma
Fe bj
an mon trudc
la:
Cu
- Fe
(I);
Fe - C
(III);
Sn - Fe
(IV)
Dap
an
diing
la C.
7. Tien hanh

cac
thf nghiem
sau:
(a) Cho
la Fe
vao dung djch gom
CUSO4
va
H.SO4 loang;
L
.A
(b) Dot day
Fe
trong binh dung khf
O,;
(e) Cho
la
Cu vao dung djch g6m
Fe(NO,),
va
HNO,;
(d) Cho
la
Zn vao dung djch HCl.
So
thf nghiem
c6 xay ra an
mon dien
hoa la •?
A.

1. B.4. C.2. D.3. ;
Huong
ddn
gidi
Chi
CO
thf nghiem
(a)
thoa
man
3
dieu kien de'
xay ra an
mon dien
hoa:
Fe
+
CUSO4
^
Cu
i +FeS04 ,^
^
,
Fe
+
H2S04(l)—^FeS04
+
H2
=> Chi
CO

1
thf nghiem.
*>ap an
dung
la A
8.
Truong hop
nao sau
day
xay ra an
mon dien
hoa?
A.
Soi
day
bac
nhiing trong dung djch HNO,.
B. Dot
la sat
trong khf CI2.
C. Thanh nhom nhiing trong dung djch
H2S04loang.
, , ,
D.
Thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch
CUSO4
.
Huong
ddn
gidi

De
xay ra an
mon dien
hoa
thi
pluii
dong thai
thoa
man
3
diSu kien
an
mon dien
hoa. Do do, thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch
CUSO4
thi
se
xay
ra an
mon dien hoa.
Dap
an
diing
la D.
43
I
HUH
luiii
;jmiu)i,n
i)iiui>

f^iui ui mm nui iz — i
minn
i uuii
9. Neu vat lam
bang
hap kim Fe - Zn hi an mon dien hoa
thl
trong qua
trinh
an mon
A.
sat
dong vai tro
catot
va ion H* hi oxi hoa
B.
Sat
dong vai tro
anot
va bj oxi hoa
C. Kem dong vai tro
catot
bj oxi hoa
D.
Kem dong vai tro
anot
va bi oxi hoa.
Huong
dan
gidi

Hop
kim Fe - Zn bj an mon dien hoa:
Anot
(circ -): Zn Zn^^ + 2e (bj an mon)
Catot
(+, Fe):
IHjO
+ + 4e ^ 40H"
(chang
ban)
Vay kem dong vai tro
anot
va bj oxi hoa.
Dap
an
dung
la D.
Chii y; Trong pin dien hoa: Cue am (bj an mon) la anot (noi xay ra qua
trinh
oxi
hoa), cue ducmg la
catot
(duoc bao ve).
10.
Co 5 dung djch rieng biet:
a) HCl, b)
CUSO4,
c) Fe,(S04),„ d) HCl c6 iSn
CuCK,
e) ZnS04.

Nhiing
vao m6i dung djch m6t thanh Fe nguyen
chat.
S6' trucmg hop xua't
hifin
an mon di^n hoa la
A.
3 B. 1 CO D. 2
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Can
c\X
vao 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa:
- Co 2 dien cue
khac
nhau ve ban
chat
- Hai dien cue ndi true tiep
hoac
gian tiep v6i nhau qua day dSn.
- Cling duoc nhiing vao mot dung djch
chat
dien li.
Suy
ra c6 2 trucmg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa:
- Fe -
CUSO4
: Fe +
CUSO4

¥cSO^
+ Cu i
- Fe -
CUCI2
/
HCl:
Fe +
CUCI2
^
FeCl2
+ Cu i
Dap
an
dung
la D.
11. Co 4 dung djch rieng biet: HCl,
FeCl,,
AgNO,,
CUSO4.
Nhung vao m6i dung
djch mot thanh Fe nguyen
chat.
So truonig hop xua't hien an mon hoa hoc la
A.
4 B. 2 C. 1 ' D. 3 '
Huong
ddn
gidi
Xua't hien an mon hoa hoc khi c6 xay ra phan
ling

hoa hoc. VI kim loai Fe deu
phan
ling
duoc vai cac dung djch nay nen
dfiu
xuat hien an mon hoa hoc:
1) Fe + 2HCI^FeCl2 + H2 t
2) Fe +
2FeCl3
^3FeCl2
3)
Fe +
2AgN03-^Fe(N03)2+2Ag4
4) Fe +
CUSO4
^
FeS04
+ Cu I
Dap
an
dung
la A.
44
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH
Khcwfj
Viet
Chii y: Trucmg hop Fe/ddAgNO, va Fe/ddCuS04 ,
liic
d^u xua't hifen an mon
hoa hoc, sau do xua't hien an mon

difin
hoa (vi thoa man 3 di^u
kifin
cua Sn mon
difen
hoa).
Pang
7: Bat tap
dien
phan
1, Dien phan dung dich
CUSO4
vdfi
anot
bang
dong
(anot
tan) va
di6n
phan dung
djch
CUSO4
vdri
anot
bang
graphit (dien cue tro) dau c6 dac di^m chung la:
A.
6
catot
xay ra sir oxi hoa:

2H2O
+
2e
->
20H~
+ H2
B. 6
anot
xay ra sirkhir:
2H2O
->02
+4H^
+4e
C. b
anot
xay ra sir oxi hoa: Cu ->
Cu^^
+ 2e
D.
6
catot
xay ra su
khir:
Cu^^ + 2e-» Cu .
Huong
ddn
gidi
Xet 2 qua
trinh
dien phan dung djch

CUSO4:
* Dien phan
vdri
anot
bang
dong (cue duong tan):
Catot
(-): Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu (sir khir Cu"" -> Cu)
Anot
(+): Cu -^Cu^"" + 2e (sir 6xi hoa Cu Cu"")
* Dien phan vdi
anot
bang
graphit (dien cue tra):
Catot
(-): Cu^
+2e->Cu
Anot
(+):
2H2O
->
4H^
+
O2
+ 4e (sir oxi hoa)
=> Dac di^m chung la cf
catot
xay ra sir khir Cu^"^ + 2e ^ Cu
Dap
an

dung
la D.
2.
Dien phan 500 ml dung djch
CUSO4
0,2M (dien cue tro) cho den khi a
catot
thu duoc
3,2 gam kim loai thi the ti'ch khi (dktc) thu duoc a
anot
la
A.
2,24 lit B. 1,12 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 0,56 lit
Huong
ddn
gidi
Kim
loai thu diroc la Cu: nc^. =
3,2/64-0,05(mol)
2CUSO4
+
2H2O
2Cu i +02!
+2H2SO4
;
catot(-)
anot(+)
; ^ :
0,05 ->
0,025(mol)

The ti'ch khi thu duoc 0
anot:
V^^^^^^,) =
0,025.22,4
=
0,56(l)
Dap
an
diing
la D.
Phau
loai
va
pinfcng
phcip
fjicii
BT
Hoa
hoc 12 -Cii
Thanh
Toari
3. Hoa tan
13,68
gam muoi
MSO4
vao
nuac
duoc
dung dich
X.

Dien phan
X
(voi
dien
circ
tro, cuonig do dong dien khong doi) trong thofi gian
t
giay, dirge
y
gam
kim
loai
M
duy
nha't
a
catot
va
0,035
mol khi
a
anot.
Con neu
thbi
gian dien
phan
la 2t
giay thi t6ng
so
mol khi thu

dugc
a ca
hai dien cue la
0,1245
mol. Gia
trj
cua y la
•
A.
4,480.
B.
3,920.
C.
1,680.
Huong
dan
gidi
D.
4,788.
* Khi
t
(giay):
MSO4
+ H20-
—>M4+H2S04 +
0,502
^
0,07
<-0,035(mol)
* Khi

2t
(giay):
MSO4
+H2O
H2O
Anot(+):
H2O-
->Mi
+
H2S04
+0,502
-^H2
t +
0,502
^
Catot
anot
•
2H++0,502
^ + 2e
(0,035.2)
^0,28(mol)
Catot
(-): M^+
+ 2e-
a <—
2a
<
2H20
+ 2e

a(mol)
•
2OH-
+
H2 i
Ta
c6:
b(mol)
>a
=
0,085;
b
=
0,0545
2b
<-
2a + 2b = 0,28
b
+0,035.2
=0,1245
XacdinhM:
a =
13,68/(M
+ 96)
^0,0855
=
13,68/(M
+ 96) +
96 = 160 ^ M =
64(Cu)

Vay
y =
0,07.64
=
4,480(g)
Dap
an
diing
la
A.
4. Tien hanh dien phan (dien
cue
tro)
200
gam dung dich NaOH 10% den khi dung
dich NaOH trong binh dien phan
c6
nong
do 25%
thi dirng lai. Tlie tich khi
0
hai dien cue da
thoat
ra
(6
dktc)
la
A.
22,4 lit.
B. 168

lit. C.
224
lit.
D.
112 lit.
Huong
dan
gidi
- Khi dien phan dung dich NaOH thi H^O bi dien phan:
2H.0 2H:t
+ 0,T
-
Khdi
luong NaOH khong thay doi (nhung do lugng H.O giam dan nen nong
do NaOH tang dan).
Cty
TNHH
MTV
DVVH
Khani-
Viet
200.10
- Khoi luong dung djch sau khi ngirng dien phan:
dd'^ S.<>: >:> i
-
Khdi
luong dung dich bi giam chinh bing
khdi
lugng H.O bi dien phan:
m

(bj dien
phan)
= 200 - 80
=120
(gam).
=> n H20 C'i dien
phan)
=
^^(mol)
-
Phuong
trinh
dien phan: H,0
> H.T + ^
O.T
'20,
n 120, „60^ ,^
-(mol)
>
(mol)—(mol)
18
18 18
vay
Vk,,,H2,0
2)
=
^120
60
-
+

•
.
22,4 = 22,4
(lit) Dap
an
diing
la C.
V
18 18,
5. Khi
didn
phan NaCl nong
chay
(dien cue tro), tai
catot
xay
ra
A.
sir khir ion Na"^.
B.
sir oxi hoa ion
CP.
C. su oxi hoa ion Na*. D. su
khiJr
ion CI".
Huong
dan
gidi
nong chay
^

,
—> Na
6
catot
(cue
- ):
Na*
+ le >
Na (su khir)
noni;
chay
^
Cac qua
trinh
xay ra: NaCl —^^j——>
Na" + CP
•< X. '
6
anot
(cue
+ ): 2Cr >
CI.
+ 2e
(su oxi hoa)
Tai
catot
xay
ra
su khir ion Na*. Dap
an

dung
la A.
6. Dien phan (vdi dien
cue
tro)
200ml
dung djch
CUSO4
nong
do x
moi/1,
sau
mot
thoi
gian thu
dugc
dung dich
Y
viln
con mau xanh,
c6
khdi
lugng giam
8
gam
so
v6i
dung dich ban dau. Cho 16,8 gam bgt
sat
vao

Y,
sau khi
cac
phan
lifng
xay
ra
hoan
toan, thu
dugc
12,4 gam kim loai. Gia trj ciia
x la
A.
1,50. B.
3,25.
C. 1,25
D.
2,25.
Huong
ddn
gidi
PTHH:
CuS04
+
H20^Cui+^02
t+H2S04
^o't-
a
^ a -> 0,5a a i
Tacd:

64a +
32.0,5a
=
8=^80a
=
8=>a
=
0,l.
. ;
Fe
+ CUSO4
FeS04
+
Cu
i
Phan
ling
b <- b -> b
(mol)
Phan loai
va pliKcfng
phdp
fiicU
BT H6a lux- 12
—
Cii
Thanh Toan
Fe
+ H2S04(l)^>FeS04
+H2

t
O.I
<- 0.1 (mol) . • i y
Taco: 16.8 - 56b - 56.0,1 + 64b = 12,4
8b
= 1,2 => b = 0,l5.
Dodo nc„,so4 =a + b = 0,l + 0,15 = 0,25(mol).
Vay
X =0,25/0,2-1,25(M).
Dap an diing
la C.
Chu y:
Axit
H2SO4
(sinh ra do dien
phan
dung djch
CUSO4)
tac dung
vdi
Fe.
7,
Dien
phan
150ml dung djch AgNO^ IM v6\n circ tro trong t gicf, cuong d6
dong dien khong d6i 2,68A (hieu
sua't
qua trinh dien
phSn
la 100%), thu

duoc
chat
ran X, dung djch Y va khf Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe vao Y, sau khi cac
phan
utig
ke't
thuc
thu
duoc
14,5 gam h6n hop kim loai va khi
NO
(san phdm khir duy
nha't
cua N''^
).
Gia trj cua t la
A.
1,2. B. 0,3. C.0,8. D. 1,0.
Huong dan
gidi
Theobaira:
n^^^j^Q^
=0,15.1 =0,15mol.
Fe + Y -> h6n hop kim loai (=> Ag, Fe du)
=>
Trong Y c6 AgNO, (AgNO,
chua
bj dien
phan
he't).

Goi X,
y Idn luot la so mol AgNO, bi dien
phan
va s6' mol AgNOj
chua
bi dien
phan
=>x + y = 0,15.
2AgN03 +
H2O
^ 2Ag +
2HNO3
+
1
/2O2
X
X ^ X
8HNO3+3Fe
(du) ^3Fe(N03)2 +
2NO
+ 4H20
X
-> 3x/8
2AgN03 + Fe (du) -> Fe(N03)2 + ^Ag i
y
-> y/2 ^ y
Ta c6: 12,6 - (3x /8 + y/2).56 + 108y = 14,5
=>
80y -
2 Ix

= 1,9 =^ X = 0, l;y = 0,05.
So mol electron
trao
ddi: n^ =
nA
.
1
=
0,1
(mol)
Matkhac: n, =-^t = n,.F/I
=^
t =
0,1.96500/
2,68
=
3600s
=
1
gid
Dap
an
dung
la D.
S.
Dien
phan
100ml dung dich
Fe2(S04)3
IM (dien cue tro), vdi cucmg do dong

difn
I =
2,68A trong th6i gian t gior
thl
bat ddu c6 khi
thoat
ra
or
catot
(hieu
sua't
ciia qua trinh
dien
phan
la 100%). Gia trj cua t la
A.
6 B.4 C.2 D. 1
Hu&ngddngidi
Theobaira:
nFe2(S04)3
=0'^ 1 =0-' ("^oO ' '
Trudc tien: Fe.(S04)3 + H^O
2FeS04
+
H.SO4+
-Oj
0,1 0,2 0,1 '
Khi
Fe2(504)3
het thi tao ra dung djch CO

[H*]
= 0,1. 2/ 0,1 = 2M,
nfin
tiep
theo
se bj khir a
catot:
2H*
+ 2e ^ H,t
Do do, trong thcri gian t thi chi c6
Fe2(S04)3
bj dien
phan
theo
phuong trinh tren,
hay noi
each
khac,
o
catot
Fe^* bj
khir
hoan
toan thanh Fe"*.
Fe-^* + ' le ^ Fe-*
(0,1.2) (mol)
Ap
dung phuong trinh
Faraday,
ta c6: t =

(^'^-^^-^-^^^^^-2
(gi^)
2,68.3600
Dap
an
dung ]a
C.
Chii
v: Trong day dien
hod:
Fe'V Fe,
H^/H,,
Fe'*/Fe-*
ndn trir6c tien Fe^* se bj
khir
thanh Fe"*
(chu"
khong tao thanh Fe), sau do
H*
->
H.
t,
ti^'p
den Fe"* -> Fe
9.
Khi dien
phan
mot dung djch
vori
dien cue tro, khong

mang
ngan
thi dung djch
sau dien
phan
c6 pH
tang
so vdi dung djch truoc khi didn
phan.
Vay dung dich
dem dien
phan
la
A.
dung dich
CUSO4
B. dung dich NaQ
C. dung djch
H2SO4
D. dung djch
HNO3
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Phuong
trinh didn
phan
cac dung djch:
*
Dung dich
CUSO4:

CUSO4
+
H20^Cu
+
H2S04
+^0^
tang
(do sinh ra
H2SO4
va
the'
tich dung djch giam vi H^O bj dien
phan)
=> pH giam.
*
Dung djch NaCl (khong c6
mang
ngan):
2NaCl
+
2H2O
>
2NaOH
+ CI2 + H2 ;
CI
2
+ 2NaOH-»
NaCl
+
NaClO

+ H2O
NaClO bj thuy
phan:
,
NaClO
+ H2O ?=>
NaOH
+
HCIO
40