SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM THÔNG QUA VIỆC GIẢI THÍCH CÁC HIỆN TƯỢNG THỰC TẾ TẠO NIỀM ĐAM MÊ, YÊU THÍCH HỌC BỘ MÔN





 !"#$%&'(



!"#$%&'()(*+,-./012)
30-456784569

)*+#&
,-
6:-";#%,<2;=
4:;,)30>4?@5A@6?B4
A:C0DEC0
7:FCGH%I&)8H%IJ8KIL208MC
9:2+5?B?9?N5??
O:PCQRRRRR:ST0CU%,V2C%2B4W0CU:20
N:X$"Y)2"#
B:'"F1)K&1! #
,.(#"#
T+-(+0&XZ
T30[.\4559
TX%,#;];2+2(+02)
,#&
T !"%,#01^_0I*+,^C-
T`30^_065
TX)>)_J_0]a^K2930b]c,
de*Y('()(IC.;[(Kf0_)g%C012):
dH%IUhUi(-.\).()()2*Y_jU%[k:

//
: h*2-]l; KC6
:X'>mUhU%[";< KC4
6:X'>mUhU%[ KC4
4:%[U= KCA
A:n^_3 KCA
:o$)I()( KCA
:6:Z/>`p$)(*Y)'<K2J*+, KCA
:6:6:qp%`";2.;0i: KCA
:6:4: Mr(k=(01KK2.;*+,: KCA
:6:A: #JK2.;*+,: KC7
:4:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
'Kp^CUi(66: KC7
:4:6:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
'>]U KC7
:4:4:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
''T(2(2 KC9
:4:A:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
'XC.28>U KC?
:4:7:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
's+'"l^C-E%' KC6A
:4:9:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
's]K2C.22 KC67
:4:O:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
's]K2C.2_12 KC69
:4:N:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
's]K2C.2'0:%M]K2C.2##:`^C"l
]K2C.2 KC69
:4:B:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
'stQ%uCU2V8C2U8(V2U KC6N

:4:?:`)=^C-J>e*Y2).;IK2
'v]V8QV28CQC.2Q,U KC6?
:A:&'()( KC46
s:%g%IwC]l; KC46
s:lQ%uDn%,JF_I3)(*Y KC4A
s:C0Y;U%C0_I2 KC4A
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng


 !"#$%&'(
, *0#&1
V2]FiG]+2]o0i)2*YK%-)2*Y(o1i
C]C.i%,xy'Kp)2*YJ([/*%>CJ(
[3UwC-D!CU;yzg%Cc0]J"->-]=)
p]Jzg%Cc0->U;0]=)pg%C"-:Fg%,J/F
K%'B_^Cv"l]o0i3.ID2;*)2*Y";];2+2Q)]F{
tiếp tục đổi mới mạnh mẽ và đồng bộ các yếu tố cơ bản của giáo dục, đào tạo theo
hướng coi trọng phát triển phẩm chất, năng lực của người học”; “tập trung phát
triển trí tuệ, thể chất, hình thành phẩm chất, năng lực công dân, phát hiện và bồi
dưỡng năng khiếu, định hướng nghề nghiệp cho học sinh. Nâng cao chất lượng giáo
dục toàn diện, chú trọng giáo dục lý tưởng, truyền thống, đạo đức, lối sống, ngoại
ngữ, tin học, năng lực và kỹ năng thực hành, vận dụng kiến thức vào thực tiễn. Phát
triển khả năng sáng tạo, tự học”. V2b]^D),J%`wCg%)Kp)2*Y
K2;KK%-b]=J([V2i]o0i:
Z12)-K2KK%-(o1E0/"CK|g%CK-
K2"p;";()KxKk*YwC->:ZY]kwC01-U;}(
2->x%]}]f";2;GDcC22->EK$Dx%
.J"lJiD21g%C).;-D;:::wC2)-:-
2)U;]xx%D]xIk]=)"u]l<1g%C'>mu%+2%,#
eD(ceD>%,x2)wC)u.\)('Kp(I$2)-:::

MU;_m%MDU;'>m()%,k>)+2KCE$*Y(Y"Y
K2]>`wC2:2)-^((bI~CDQ2).~x%.J>CU
U;0('+]J]>`DbwC2:
x]+]=0Y]kwC-2)-K2K(o1V2i]o
0ip)2"#*+,2)-(IU;+22->^]=l0]C00#D
,#%k-./01:sp_]a,#%kp->>•w]/p0x%";J(
%_J$:K2>)_J_0;,D1]l[(]J0/_kC+\0
}(->$}D,#%k./01^C']^U;{thông qua việc giải thích
các hiện tượng thực tế - tạo niềm đam mê, yêu thích học bộ môn” "i0Y]kQc,
*`)=^C-<2).;IK2'Kp
^C-Ui(66D\0)2*Yh$";3$}-[(./012->:
x2)-_1|0Ck]q€_^x%0/{%[E_2C-•:
M"-E_0;,^x^((b~.r";2"cC2
uU=*+,";-+K&1! #:
K&1! # KC6
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
, )2*3 4
5,)23,
Z1^C-mKK%-(o1E0/"CK|g%CK-K2
"p;";()KxKk%wC->:ZY]kwC01-U;}(2
->x%]}]f";2;GDcC22->EK$"lJ
iD21g%C).;-D).;;D2+_^CD%,#]l:::
->-[(^C-_1E]xU;0).;[(k2)D[.JD"J
('Kp^C-wC)(I$0;|]x.J]=E$*Y(2
(}DJwC^C-K2]>`]x}(]‚0-Q%g%C:x%
.J^C-D->^x"[*Y_J$.I2"01KQ%g%CD^
l0";+2U[(20p0/i]K2'UC:Z%`g%)Kp*+,-
^%g%ID)2"#(I^E.;I"i('()(*+,-()%,
kkDUC2wC->:K2ppC,D]o0i('()(
*+,-^%";]o0i('()(*+,-^C-^K#]a";]C

>U;,J%`g%,J]F%g%I*+,:Z/K2E,J%`]x]+*+,
^%g%I";J./U;(I_J=(U2+EC.;I";J:
X^E"u]l^C-}(->IkE=K2
#DK)"0#k*F]2C:[0kx%]=E*Yh_2C-D^C-
K2Ec%C*C28YED0;JKi]xU+";^x$*YK2
<]>`;,0;_1c,;0)DQCU+DU+^)*Y_k
kkw]/D>)+2D$}K201-^C-:
K2"*+,012)-mKK%-D)2"#(I^"`
_J$"lJ>c%DK/D^_I3f.;I"iJD+2KC]=
E->]/DcC2>x%.J";_kk>C00#-[(wC
->:
1ƒ,#%k01^C-y)2+]/<";[u,E
]l%.oky)2+]/<:sp"[,D1ƒ0%`K20z.;*+,U;0
2->u,k).;-y"]C)=<]x+2l0
>C,0#-[(p0|wC->:x]+]=0Y]kwC012)-D2;
"(IJ(%]b,]wE_J$yK#Ui(Dy>))2_2CDy)2"#D
->|p0x%E=QI,KCK2%/>`;,:s[
*YE_J$]a-]=]xIkE=]^D"[,0;
->]=w`_J$>c%>f':s;ƒ]^0;->u,-
01^C*<x%DJDbƒ"i]>`";U1%`':
%,#]x*+,V2)k=(K#D)2"#(I.J-
E"u]lg%CK-D0u%`uwC'Kp]xI*+,|(b_J
$*<x%#i*t->"l;]-n2q);U%C0_I2:
2;KC)2"#(I-UC)=<(€=("i/*%.;
0i3$}D>C,0#-[(Dp0x%./01:
K&1! # KC4
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
6,3,
=>g%Cc0G]+2wCLC)0%K&1! #"l
"]o0i('()(I*+,D";C0C)Ui(.M*‚"l('()(

*2>m)2*Y";;2+2o$:
K2o%,#01^l%)2"#^_0#^]l%_C0
_I2";KC2]o"i]M("l)('()(}(->f0.fC
_J$";,#%k./01':
2>()KxwC11#"KC2]o_J$*<KCKu
%[U=";C^:
C>`->]a^h$-[(]xKC.F20pE_J$b
J]x%„.F2'UC:
7,89,
%,#.#+E%[U=ƒ_1K)_~E_^_3
u]F
T&bUi)V0q((I_^_3K2"[$f0"E)_)
0'.I:q.U;_…3"[*YE_J$]^";2<%/
>`ƒIk0/>`=#K2%/>`|+J:
Tl%->_`66wCK^U-|,J%"pC^l0>C,
0#D,#%k./01^C:
TJI*+,2u,Z1^C-K2K(o1U;0/K2
E01-_^]q.U;mUi(66DJ%_1^E.;I";('
()(=(UhD(€=(>•*<U;02->Y]/K2"J(%DI0[:
, :; 
,5,<=>?@AB@=@CDEFGHBIDED@JKB=LMBI=@ND=JOB=PQBI=JR=GST,
,5,5,U==AB@@V?BIWXQYXJZ[J,
J*+,^c,>}hwC->C,_1kU;";2i
*t†)2"#‡Kul%:K2]^(b0m]b%]q.g%CK-DJ%C.J]qKC
0/p%`<2q0/p%`I]F,#%b%->€p0x%D
Ikg%C.;->•%`}]=>}hwC->K2J*+,:
,5,6,\BII@]F=^D@@MFZ_J=PL`BI=PQBIYXJGST,
su]l01KiD_1_kD]uD:::]C]=2f]JKu
l%:K2%/>`\;,)=Q%,#.uq(i
IwC0/C2)D%MV2D%M"F:::ˆ_^.YwC);0),QC,U}CD)

U|+D))]M>C%%2+D_^.YwC);0),1(DQV/D:::
^U#g%Cp]JE*<.J.uwCJC,_1:)2
K&1! # KCA
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
"#*+,-./01^C^xUMr()=]^";2(b>IQ%u)
uDC,$*YwC0/>`u:::
,5,7,JaB@K=@ND=R=PQBIYXJGST,
n-Q2"u]lp->u,^$*Y<2%/>`p
)V0>•}h'Dp0|Dw]/*%,]xp0x%D]xi':2]^DK2
0z.;-)2"#]CKC]=0/>`$*Y<>•U1%`]=>}
hwC->:
,6,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBID@QDEDYXJIJfBI
=PQBID@LgBI=PAB@@bc@dDh[F55,
,6,5,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBID@QDEDYXJIJfBI
=PQBID@LgBI1 ,
iV5,+>C2i_1*t]_2*c,]Q%`iC2DMD
>1:::p)>"[)D10:::U+.F][‰
Giải thích:i%,#uU;u]UKu,J%#_1*t]D
i^K2#mC2MD>1>%`p^|CC)U2+2PV
Ad
D
Z
4d
::::#)2;,U;02iK2#^_I3*t]:
Áp dụng: )2"#^x]qc%~;,_*+,.;>]U:
iV6,+>C2]x.I2"K32(I3$3k%CDk]D])K3
>C%_3‰
Giải thích:Š3]=.I2".mUi(0V$D*;,_2I400: i(0V
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9

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7
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A
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4d
dA&
7
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d
T
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→
XC
9
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7
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A
†6‡
H%)Kp+2Ui(0V;,U;>.I2"#wC2`U+.
>c%K3:C%.EC3D"_%„K20u1)$3|U%U+K#K3
+2;)CQE%'CQCQVDCQUC::::$3^;0U=]
C2+2]l%_2">I>)CQ]^: =CQK203D(
I0DU;02(I$>C%QI,KC
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nM]/(I0DV2%,#UkU'>C8'8U8VDc.\†6‡%,x
*FV2l%F";0VK3.F0|+2]l%_2>c%K3()Kx:
K2%`])K3CK/#0CP"p2P
T
+2]l%_2(I$
9XC
4d
dA&
7
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T
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→
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7
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A
P:
=(uXC
9
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A

PU;0VK3C,J0/(b2XC
9
†&
7
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
Áp dụng: UMr(";2.;]UwCiD(DXuGFCQT.CŒ':
iV71sp>C2_3K)c,_1#])K3C,‰
K&1! # KC7
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Giải thích: spu%C†$CQE%'‡^K2K)c,>•_J=("i
E;(bK2%`])K3V2.;I>•u1)_•K3";c,
o'2U=:Lm"[,C]=]J_i K%|CU=CQK2
K)c,uU;)2DC0D2DCR
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(b0mK/ku^C-
wCCQ_)*Y"i.CŒ'+2(I$K%|C.;CQD.CŒ'";0%`:
iVj1sp>C2iKC%0%`]CQC_"fC";2p%,x>C0;%]~‰
Giải thích: X^0/>`u^C--U;uGF0;%D}U;02*%
*FC,]o_]/CQC,]o:K2KC%0%`†";";U2+KC%_)‡^uG
F0;%;,DK2C^N•CQQK:sfC";2iKC%U;0C,]o]/
CQD*2]^U;0C,]o0;%wCiKC%:nC"fCiKC%0%`0;%
QCUrU;$Cu_l0:
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(b0mK/ku^C-
wCCQ_)*Y"ig%Žk0m.;CQD.CŒ'";0%`2q.;(I$KC2]o
2:
iVk1sp>C20%`CX
A
]=*€]xJ%`]C%*+*;,‰
Giải thích: K2*+*;,D^$C*%*FXU:.F]C%*+*;,U;

^M]/*%*FXUC2U;0*+*;,.F.;20|:CX
A
*€]xJ
%`]C%*+*;,"p^U;0I0;0U=*%*FXU^K2*+*;,(I
$
A 4 4
NaHCO HCl NaCl CO H O+ → + +
Áp dụng1)2"#^x"[*Y_J$;,";2.;(I$KC2]o
2:
,6,6,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBID@QDEDYXJIJfBI
=PQBID@LgBI1)l##,
iV51XC*C2sC0^c%
“Lúa chiêm lấp ló đầu bờ
Hễ nghe tiếng sấm phất cờ mà lên”
ZCh!C^C-p‰
Giải thích:Xc%C*C2^!CU;n"YU}C#0]CKo]M0;^K[
0CK;2_•0V2>u0i(pKu`";23>%uC2:sp>C2"[,‰
2K2_1_k^_2IB5•'";45•2Q:n^>u0i(†CUeC
]‡p
4
d
4


→
¬ 
4
 C%]^4d
4
‹4

4
nk
4
|CCK2i7
4
d
4
d
4
‹7
A
K&1! # KC9
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
 
A 
|CCK2]u]=K%|C.m0/>`0%`+20%`KC%
u(2c,:^>u0i(m)'0C1D0z30K%.p0zC
]u]=%u(_2IOTN_':
Áp dụng: c,U;0/c%C*C20Ch!C<Kuq(K2
]>`:c,g%IU;0/_0]=1CCK}KCg%CE)30
C)1(:->ƒ*<*;g%C>)]x_x00";Ik
]=0/)_2C-"l"u]lK#:)2"#^x]qc%~K#m.;'D
CQK";0%`KC2q(c.^^C-:
iV61+>C2_]b)>1DM.„";2;,f^DCe
u,0€_C‰
Giải thích: ni>1DM.F1<0q.m)uE%';%u
]+0Dix%D(cE%'DK)IE%'DRU=KVK2)uE%'
>KCl%:i)*YwC0V%KVCŒCwC)">"[D%KV.F(cw,
;X
4

";
A
:
4 4 4 4 A
† ‡ 4 4NH CO H O CO NH+ → +
=
A
>KC2;CK2i*i*+0/c.\]/
‡N†
74A
<+⇔+
−+
pHOHNHOHNH
"[,D_Kf†]/3‡Dc.\K#>•*F%,xV2l%
FD$U;
A
>KC*2(I$(cw,%KV_1.F2;CK2i0;
.F)KCD.C,";2_1_kU;02_1_kQ%g%C>1DM^0€_C
_^F%:
Áp dụng1)2"#^x]C"u]l;,";2.;02C:
iV71L/mU;up0;^xU;02.)2KC";Q`(]=‰
Giải thích: 
7
X
A
]=*€U;0./m"p_K/#0./0p2q)
./_)DU}i.)
7
X
A

(cw,;)u_k";'U;02.)
Q`(";m:

7
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A

5
t
→

A

↑
dX
4

↑
d
4

↑
Áp dụng:c,U;0/kuwC0%`C02_*+,.;C02C";0%`
C02:
iVj,{=0CCQ•U;p‰)+J;2‰
Giải thích: nkI1(";_kIwC)]/']`K2†11D
QV0),‡^$C)_k
4
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DRX)_k;,)*Y"i2Q
4
";'
iK2_1_kQ})2Q_0U2+†^K2_^D.Y;0),‡2q
2Œ2+2KCCQ>%•%K
4
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";CQK
A
:
4
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4
‹4
4
K&1! # KCO
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
7
4
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4
d4
4
‹7
A
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4
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7
";
A
C";2i0C+2KC0CCQ:sCK|kwC0C
CQU;
4
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7
|
A
]^"CK|$C:
C,0CCQU;%M1<0km0/>`'K#Ji:ZCCQ
U;00€C0;u%";()w,)1KpQc,*D)=];U;0y])
„0+D])"1D])(J†)U2+]);,;(bkU;XCX
A
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XCX
A
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4
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7

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4
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4
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XCX
A
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A
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4
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4
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4
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Áp dụng1;,C,=0CCQ";E)+wC^]ac,#
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1<001KU%1]=IJig%Cc0:sC0}C]CKu}
K-]J"u]l;,:2"[,0;)2"#(I%u(2->Ex%
.J"l=0CCQƒ)+wC^\0cC2h$.I2"01
K:XYx)2"#^x]qc%~K#2->KIU>C%_*+,Q2
.;QK";0%`KC:
iVk1%`o]V^;(bJ;2‰
Giải thích: XkQ)Dz=(^;(b_`U=>C%N7DO7•_CU
KCD6AD96•./C.2D66DB9•U%%Ž:Ki]c,D);(bz=(

]=K1V2jU_1]}#Iml%]J_I3.f),D`*/
),D3U=),:ECJ_j6Bmc%’%K/z=(V2jUN9•*#0
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&I$),wCz=(Ku($+(D]'I^x"J
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4
Z/)"J($+('D"tC01I]=J(I$
65n
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
7
dOX
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Áp dụng:(b$*YwC.;CQK";0%`KC:
iVm1%,<%K2“s3#%M[(U2+}>“^c%
Lập loè ngọn lửa ma chơi

Tiếng oan văng vẳng tối trời càng thương.
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Giải thích:K2Q'wC]/"[U%1^$C0/;0U=(2(2:
n'x]/"[J]D^>•(cw,0/(b;(2(&
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~C:XkU=~CKCK2g%)Kp;,U;02(2(.`),
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K&1! # KCN
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
H%)KpK#QI,KCI;,Ut]#0*2.C;,^)C>)wC
0qK#C_1g%C>)K”";2.C]#0:=0CK'GU;0/g%)
Kp^C-QI,KCK2#:q(0CK'm)!C]FC";2.C]#0:
Áp dụng1c,U;0/=#$_1(IU;0/={
thần bí •;2]^DK)pK+0#k*F]2CDU;02%/>`#0U;0+:
su]l;,^x]=]l[(mK2.;(2(2:
iVn+>C2E2%/>C%_3%`%/U+]p0i%`:s[,D
%`%/U;p‰X)p]aU;0%/J‰J%>C%_3%`0;_1^i
%`^J0C%'C,Uc%'‰
Giải thích:%`%/U;•
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;0U=iK2'x%/I0D^_)";]p0i
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J%_1^i%/JUc%':
Áp dụng: n*+,(b$*YwC(2(2K2%/>`\0_k
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iVo1+>C2E^^g%V3Kb%pU%1^U=";;0K3f
_~V‰
Giải thích:K20JKb%^"1XC†‡
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Áp dụng:+c%~_*+,.;Q(2(2K";0%`(2(C:
iV  p:   C  .J  u  *(  UY  K2  c,  QC  ^  1  $  (c  e
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4
 †K2_1_k‡D]K2†yi
K2]u‡";)u"1'U;'D0CV†y]uU#‡:nc,.F";U)C
U;_1]wu*(UY:s[,V2V0#.^U2+(c;2}(c,+2u
*(UY%g%Iu‰
Giải thích: #*€(c(c0CV>%•CZ
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Áp dụng:)2"#^x]qc%~;,2(b]q"u]l";2.;2q
U#JK2.;(c.^^C-:
iV5q: sp>C2C*€K2.J(]x.^2c,‰
Giải thích: K2K2.J(^$C0%`n
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X
A
%u(%,#`_CU2
c,:
K&1! # KCB
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~;,2(b]q"u]l";2.;2q
U#JK2.;(c.^^C-:
iV551 +>C2_1(()Kxp)"_%„Du0D%K|>`
K2]uDiRI0]Kul%D[0k'_1|EC‰
Giải thích:Z/>`(c.^^x#%*)U2+>"[^+;,:sk*Y
Ki_KM_2Cc,0/%bC]C";2]u0/U=%K#†6D9_@0
4
‡p
)0b0..F#%*2;2;:=*<u,U;_1|]GCK2i
ml%';,KiEC:
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(bk=(.I2"01

KK2.;(c.^^C-:
iV561+>C2]xI+2]um0/>`K%/%CC.^./"1‰
Giải thích: ;(bwC./"1M0XC";XC†‡
4
";0/>`kXCX
A
:
K%/%C^$CCQD(–ND#>•^(I$ECCQ"iXCDXC†‡
4
";0/kXCX
A
U;0I0kCQ#K%/>•J%C:
Áp dụng)2"#^xi*t->"[*Y_J$).;]a
-Ki]xKIU*t";2.;(c.^^C-:
,6,7,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ
IJfBI@LgBI1cDYQB!>JhJD
iV51sp>C2Cu;]`Ui^x.`),‰
Giải thích:2C)*Y"i
4
K2_1_k+2X
4
D(I$;,~C
:J%Cu;]`Ui(I$;,*<KCl%U;0~CKC]=
k^(*b_]+i]/),wCCpC>•.`),:
Áp dụng:n*+,(bku^C-wCC.2K2.;C.2:
iV61+>C2_'0.F_#D1.;C2";2M'00/0t%Cw‰
Giải thích:2CwQ`(D^ku((Y#u((Y'_rwC'0U;0
2'0]‚0€_#:
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(bU#JK2.;
C.2:

iV71{%$;_k•U;p‰
Giải thích:nkC.2X
4
K2_kg%,xGu(Y0/(bEC
M2+†$U;E.$Q+‡wCZqK";]x2EC^.i
>^y95555]J655555—]g%C*<*;]J0q]u:E.$Q+
()KC=U+y0q]u^.i>^K#675555—.F_kX
4
u(Y0+";
()KmU+K)uU;02K)uu0U#:V2k2)wC);_2C-p
J%;0U=X
4
K2_kg%,x3U#u(]1>2"i+p]/m0q
]u3U#7
2
X:
K&1! # KC?
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
sl0qu(Y.$Q+DUi(X
4
mK2_kg%,x']'"iUi(w,
wC);_k*€]xKMc,DKM2CmQ$U+:2]^=U;0
2K)uu0U#.m_kX
4
]=-U;%$;_k:
Áp dụng:;,C,={Hiệu ứng nhà kính•Km;0/"u]l^
Im0Ck2;b%:ZY]k"u]l}(->.J]=%,#c
";)+wC%$;_k\0cC2h$.I2"01K:)2"#
^x]q"u]l;,_*+,k=(01Km(b0mK/ku^C-
wCX

4
:
iVj1 ;0J;2]x.J*iJ^_k]/X2q_k##X
7
_1^2Q]xK)_Q%`J.FJ+‰
Giải thích:K2)J>c%m0/>`"€]M.\^l%_k
]/X";X
7
";J%2Q:sp0/Uk*2;2]^0;CQ%`JpKu%,x0:
a^Kul%K=(e"2*2K•2Q%`Jq(l%_k]/";J
+*2J%2Q:l%`uU;K)(IQ%`JDJ%^Q%`p#0C
V2.pm2Q:
Ki_Q%`JbeQV0K2J^l%_k]/C,_1
.\)/0/2"[;D"FKMIQ%`J:J%;D"FJp$
~*iJ^l%_k]/:2q.~0/-]•b,D0MUeC]C),Q%`
J%f$~J%2Q:
Áp dụngc,U;=C,QI,KC";20€C_1:Z-_1l.J
]=>%,x0_Q%`J>c%:JU;]a^l%)J'c0
QI,KC0;.)2];]a#%K2Cg%C:)2"#b]C";2.;I]x
fm->";0-:su]l;,^xQV";2.;=(uwCC.2:
iVk1+>C2_1"1U#pU)>C%"1_1";$U+‰
Giải thích:s1U;CQ]K2QDU;uCkK2i#_2i";2
+2*%*FKf]YD_1U#pXC†‡
4
C`_1";$U+"p
)*Y"iX
4
K2_1_kV2('Kp
XC†‡
4

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d
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Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(b0mK/ku^C-
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4
m.;=(uwCC.2:
iVm1+>C2_1x*[(f])0),wC)_0U2+nDCDZ.\_kX
4
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Giải thích: 2)_0U2+K#^k_e0+#"t),]=K2
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ZdX

Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(b0mK/ku^C-
wCX
4
m.;=(uwCC.2:
K&1! # KC65
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
iVn1Xc%YE{iI,])0|•0Ch!C^C-p‰
Giải thích:;(bw,J%wC])U;XCX
A
:K2_1_k^_kX
4
#i|CC0/(b+2;CQ
4
X
A
:2]^QI,KC(I$^C-
XCX
A
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4
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niI,%`V2XC†X

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DV2%,#Uk*F%,xc.\p
c.\>•%,x*FV2(kC(I:nJg%IU;>C%0/Ci]aU;02
]).F.;20|*b:
Áp dụng:=;,u,mE(J])^˜|iI,
g%C:2=QI,KC[0#(I[>}h}C0i[KC]l%;,:
x%]=]l%;,}(->.J]=*Yh_2C-wCc%YE^yQC
QC";U;02^C-Km#bƒ'K2%/>`]:)2"#^
x#%"u]l;,m(b0%`C.2CK2.;=(uwCC.2:
iVo1C0+*2}UeC(%KCU;up‰
Giải thích:L#*i"~K)]uU;Ui(*%C0-U;0C0Cm]/>c%yN9
_08A555_0:]/wCUi(*%C0;,KuC2455584955
5
X";)(>%uKu
Ui:n"~K)]u"[]/DmE'^u%+20~D^"J$a,pUi(
*%C0;,(%KC2;>C%0/JoUi:ZC0Cu%+2m*+.)U~
M0>UCwC>f";0CV:%C02)KC2;>•%/*b";KfU+;
C0+:
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(bU#JK2.;
>U8=(uwC>U:
iVp1+>C2_1*€.pw,]*%*FP‰
Giải thích:%,*%*FCQPU;0/CQ,J%^^_I3]q
.U;30|w,:2;(bw,J%wCw,U;>U]2Q
4
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Áp dụngc,U;(b_J$0;.u_p->;2ƒ(I.J]=>C%
_-.;PU2";=(uwC^:->.JIk";"[*YK2
<K)"*€.pw,]*%*FP:)2"#^x~->
>C%_*+,Q2.;.;>U8=(uwC>U:
iV5q1 ;0J;2^x_f]=w,‰
Giải thích: Z%`_fw,C}w,";2>)(^I,D
uKC2%/D*€"[-_fpIb_fUi(>)(0u]DKM~
*%*FP";2pw,>•.F30|mEzUi(>)(.F;2]V2
('Kp^C-
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K&1! # KC66
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
J%_1^*%*FPpC,.\*%*F
4
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7 
]q";2";Uu,u0_k_)]qK#zb_f:C%0/CDw,
ƒ>•.F30|mE'+2>)(:
XCP
4
d4
4

7
‹XC
7
d4P‘†*€u0_kVU+‡
C%]^
4
d7P‹P
7
‘d4
4

Áp dụng1c,U;0/"u]lKuJ_0;l_fw,]C()
KxmiC:C%.;-->_1E.J]=('()(_fw,
0;|^xIk]="u]l;,:[0k]c,U;'>m2"-
lD_'=l0]C00#-[(D->^xU;0k0;,K2J
;:)2"#^x#%"u]lK#]x*t*f";2.;I{=(u>U•:

iV551sp>C2_0m.pi-^CU+^l% _k2)KC‰
Giải thích: i-_1_)i]0u,G^_)U;^#0_k
C.2X
4
:);0),>IQ%ui-DC*€)(UUi]xr(X
4
|CC";2i:C%]^+(";2.p";]^_kU+p%]=i-:
n.+0mf(.pD)(>%u.#2;u(#X
4
U[($.C,";2_1_k:
sp"[,) _k2)KC`U}C]%i>1:
sl0€C•Ck%`i-i(U+:nC%`i
-";2*+*;,D*+*;,";K%/_1lu(Y_kX
4
:K2*+*;,]/
C2#X
4
C^V2]02)KC2;D"[,^0C].i
0/U=K2'xU;02C^I0)0)0™D*<F%:2;KC
X
4
^)*Y_kkš;*+*;,D3"J*F"FD}(l%
2#%^C:
Áp dụng1=^l% _k2)KCy.pi-^CC,C
.Cpf›->;2ƒ.J:_Ik_k]^U;_kp";^
1*YKC>C2p_1l%->.J]=:)2"#^x#%c%~
K#_*+,(b{XC.22Q•:
iV561sp>C2.C]#0_1#]xl%c,QCK2;‰
Giải thích: LC;,D*2^)>)0qK#c,QCJ;g%)Kp
g%C=(Du(YX

4
";I(^_k
4
:.C]#0D*2_1^)>)
0qKDc,QC_1g%C=(DG^g%)Kp1u(#c,u(Y_k
4
";IKC_kX
4
U;02(|J%_k
4
";g%)l%_kX
4
:
Áp dụng:)2"#^x"[*Y"u]l;,m(bX
4
:
,6,j,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ
IJfBI@LgBI1SJDLgBIWs@bc@dD@rVDg
iV512)uK2'xwC2J;2‰
Giải thích: X);_2C-]ak]=K\
K&1! # KC64
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
T =iK2'xwC0z}CG]wq0/J)2>'
0:
T =PV]w]xU;00/)]9(c:
T =]G]w2U;00/eC).)-~:
T ="1K22;./Q'wC'x]w]xQc,0/)%M;2:
T =0‚*€u%]=N.)Q;(|:
T =&]w]x>IQ%u4455]b%g%V*#0:
T =]w]xJJ62 r:

X/IU+_x))%,#`_)ZDX%DnRV2);.)-
kKCp"i0/qO9_D)KFwC}G]))CiAœ:
Áp dụng: X^x*€]x";2.;0m]b%"l^C-E%':
iV61X'x}CbE=(uE%'J,J%;2‰
Giải thích:X'x}Cƒ$C;pU2+)(ceE%'";
"1'#ƒ]=>f(QJ(;U2+J,J%";_1J,J%]x}h_%1
*‚:
X^47=(uE%'J,J%U;?C02CQD4CQ.r2";6A"C0:X^69
;(bJ,J%"1'U;CQD(2(2D1D0CVD_•0D]MD_CUDCKDU2D
2.CDK20D0CCD02U(]V";>VUV†^x_xIC>VD"CC]";J‡:
X)uK#'xUu,y(„0C02CQUu,yFDK$D>ECRCQ.r2
_12Uu,y][%;R"C0Uu,yKC%g%I"C0K2g%IuD
"C0XK2g%ICDC0D.m:
Áp dụng:X^x*€U#YJK2 .;0m]b%"l^C-E%':
iV71sp>C2K20/;,2C(€*%^x]o0;%iAUb‰
Giải thích:2C(€*%]o0;%AUbK2;,:L%o>)0;%KfD.%o
KC0;%(iMD.%ol%0;%M][0': 2;2CDKi>C%G.J]o
C,C%EC)0;%KfDMD";D*CC0D]~:^U;>C,]owCu
caroten^K2"[:
XCK2VU;0/U2+>f`u,K20-]^C2C:K2>EC]/"[D
K2u.r2ƒ^>f`;,l%'IU;K2w;K`†u0;%
";*CC0‡:XCK2VU;0/]K2C.2^1$(ceX
75

9O
:
Áp dụngc,U;0/=q(K2#:)2"#]C"u
]l;,";2K2.;I\0_kkk|0|C0x%.JwC->:X^
x*€U#JK2.;0m]b%"l^C-E%'2q1$(ce
=(uE%':

iVj1 sC0DsC0XDsC0^1$^C-J;2‰
Giải thích: sC0†KV2U‡^1$(ceU;X
45

A5
DsC0X^
1$(ceU;X
O

B

O
DsC0^1$(ceU;X
4B

77
:
K&1! # KC6A
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Áp dụngc,U;EU2+"C0bJ2'x:)2"#]C"u]l
;,";2K2.;I\0_kkk|0|C0x%.JwC->:X^x
*€U#YJK2.;0m]b%"l^C-E%'2q1$(ce=(
uE%':
,6,k,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ
IJfBI@LgBI1JtPQDcDYQBBQ,
iV51sp>C2^_k0VC2)KCyK%/U}C2q)C2†M‡‰
Giải thích:K2K%/U}CDC2†M‡$C)"[xE%':n)
"[x;,`KEC†C,g%)Kp(cw,)"[xE%'‡>KC_k0VC:
Ciy6@NU=_k0VC2)";2_kg%,x;30U;y)2+
]/;,u,:

=*Y=;,C]aU;0)b0.2C>K23%1V2
+2_k0VC]x>e*Y]%u%C,+,0),R
Áp dụng1c,U;=q(";U;'>mIg%,J)"u]l"l
01Km)]FC('3%1~U•:)2"#]C"u]l;,";2K2
(bU#J.;C_C:
iV6:nk0VCc,%,x0J;2_U;0K2b00~‰
Giải thích:o_k0VC";J(V2ECU;o.YCU;0/K2E
0`x0-C%,x0uK2;1(_C)0~:nk0VCU;
%,#cwC)C+b00~Ui:sYC+UiuU#g%C]J0VCQI,
KC";2306?5A+2CnŽ"i6:4A7=0~0+:LC CD";2306?N7D
+0~UV>C]aQI,KC0/"Yo_k0VCDou2A7=0~:nk0VC]q
.%,x0_J;_C)Cb0Ui0;_1%cwg%,Kp_…
%[";g%,(+0C2;:%,#c]^U;*2(I$
X
7
d4
4
‹X
4
d4
4

c,U;(I$~CUi";c,KCo:
Áp dụng1)2"#^x*€]x*t";2.;C_C:
,6,m,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ
IJfBI@LgBI1JtPQDcDYQBu@_BIBQ,
iV51 ;0);2]xg%I0C%k‰yUc%C]a.JQJ(0/>`g%Ik
";2EC>-g%IQCp2;./>-g%IQC>•C^k]l%:+>C2"[,‰
Giải thích: Lk0[wC=;,]a]=);_2C-()_
#$%g%)KpkwCK)c,:K2g%)KpkK)c,]a2)KC0/

U=~_kVUV:nk;,>KC^)*YQ})g%)Kp1u(wCJ.;2
K)c,";U;02g%I0C%k:f0]=.kg%,J]^C^xU;0[0
g%)KpkwCK)c,.\)U;0I0M]/VUV*2K)c,>KC:l%
;,]a]=>e*Y]x.I2g%IK)c,_1.Fkt%_"[%,xQC:
K&1! # KC67
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
=U+_b2g%I0C%kDC#0VUV";2_kkg%)Kp1
u(wCJ.;2K)c,:;,C,C*€_kVUVm*+Kf2";2€
K)c,]xU;0K)c,0C%k:†QVUVƒ^)*Y'‡:
Áp dụngc,U;=]a]=>e*YKuUc%_1(ICƒ
.JIk]=:)2"#^x>e*Y=K#U#JK2
(b$*YwCVUVm.;C_V:
iV61sp>C2r0]u]•Q%`C2U;0)J‰
Giải thích:u]•^;(bkU;CQC.%CXCX
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i>KC_kCQVUV";CQ]K2Q
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QVUV^x)*Y"ii+2KCC]VCQVDku;,U;0o

']J2+]/1u(wC)"p"[,^xU;0)J:
Áp dụng)2"#*€=;,0mK/2(b]l%J\0
ƒ`U+kuwCCQVUVm.;C_:
iV7+>C2C*€_kCQVUV]x;";f_0U2+‰
Giải thích: QVUV),K2
4
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Áp dụng: n*+,(b$*YwCCQVUVK2.;C_:
,6,n,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ
IJfBI @LgBI1JtPQDcDYQB=@gZ,IV\B@JGGPQDcDYQB=@JaBB@JaB,K
=@?BI@bcWs@JGGPQDcDYQB,
iV51))uU=Q3J;2‰
Giải thích:v3*€2)U2+]/'1*Y11DQV0),U;
z=(]K2C.22mxU~†yX

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2C;C2pQ3;`*2_I3F%)(Ur`#_I3>
C2:TV(C]=2U;G>`2C.\5|4D4D7TK0V,U(VC]=
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2CC2')]K2C.20+_1):
v3^G>`2Cu(Q3BA(C#00/k(YC
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wC#U%_kIKC_1_kc,1<001KDKu^+2>$
_~VwC2:
C,msC0*€4U2+Q3?42q?9U;U2+Q3^
G>`2CC2DEU2+Q3;,_1b(C#0)(YC#]‚]/+
";kc,1<001K:
K&1! # KC69
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Áp dụngK2%b%;,;C2wC2pQ3KubJ2
%/>`D">e*Y";-UC)U2+Q3ƒ]=g%Cc0:)2"#^

x#%c%~<;,K2.;`^C"l]K2C.2:
iV61sp>C2_1*€i]x*[()])0),Q3D*b%‰
Giải thích: v3D*b%U;z=(E%'DM0l%u_)C%D;
(bw,J%U;)C_C^(ceU=~D*+U~: hkwCQ3š
'iD_1CK2iDKu*<),:::sp"[,DJ%*€i]x*[(),
Q3*b%:::p_1E_1f0;])0),|UCC':
Áp dụng:xx%]="p>C2p_1l%x%]="u]l;,:
1g%C/*%.;`^C"l]K2C.2D)2"#^x]qc%~;,
2->I2U%[KMIk2->.J:
iV71sp>C2U+_1*€Q3(CpEC‰
Giải thích: v3(CpU;#0VKCV,Up•†X
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QID;QUC#JQ3|2;C#0";2].K20VCpp2Q>•.F
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spp>•mK201K_kDM+K2"[D]/"[#_J(
Q}"i_kID]/"[.F.>•U;0Im#0K-]J>$_2™
2:2;KC'LK20.C,KCc,%,x0i]1u(DU;0.~*C:
C,DiC]a_1>e*YQ3(Cp:
Áp dụng1  C,;iC#0u0)*2C(_*2C
Q3*b%>e*YQ3(Cp:1g%C/*%{`^C"l*K2C.2•
)2"#^x]qc%~;,2->I2U%[KMIk2->.J

]=)+wC"(Cp";2Q3\0cC2h$.I2"01K:
iVj1sp>C2]`Q3DMp),J>+D|_]`zDC])U+|K2‰
Giải thích:Lm"p>2"iz";C])pQ3";MU;E=(uE%
'^]/%b_JC2:n]`Q3";M}>•),2;2;+2;X4
";'4D uI }]l%.C,";2_1 _k:v3%,U;z=(l%
]K2C.2D}U;Eu*<),:sp"[,2*€mK+)z=(
_]`]l%),J:
siC])";zpU+_):XIC"[U%]l%^E;(bKu($
+(:E;(bwC}QVU%U2Œ'D.)QVU%U2Œ'DCU;E=(
uE%'*<),";^x{),J•:z*€|^)_2)
"[:E_2)"[;,]l%_1),]=:sp"[,>C%_]`),z>•|
U+";+2;K2:C])ƒ"[,DK2;(bC])2;C.2";)
=(uE%'($+(|^)_2)U;)0%`>UC:#>2"iz_]`
),C|2l%K2':
K&1! # KC6O
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Áp dụng: c,U;c%~\0_kk*%,->:->_1U+p
"i=K#]xIkp_1(I*<:)2"#^x#%"u]l
K#>C%_*+,Q2.;`^C"l]K2C.2:
,6,o,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ
IJfBI@LgBI10vBwVx=@chQIyBlcBDQh!F@yBQh,
iV51sp>C2*YY(ckK=%^x())U)QV]a%`K=%‰
Giải thích: ;(bkwC)U2+i%`^MU;K=%V,U:q
kwCK=%V,UU;*<.F2Q^C:X^Kul%u2Q^C^x)*Y"i
K=%C-0/u2Q^CU;K20†s‡2QXK
A
:c,U;0/u
2Q^CKu0+DU;um*+_J;x0;%]~t0:L/2QXK
A
_q(K=%V,U>•.F_e;2QXK

4

A
U;0/=(u^0;%UYt0:
XI>)C21>e*Y)*YY(ckK=%V,U^$CXK
A
:
n;QJ;'m";2*YY(ckK#DJ%K2'm^$C'K=%
p'K=%>•)*Y"iXK
A
";.J;XK
4

A
^0;%UYt0:C";2>
.J]o0;%>f0;*YY(ck>•1.)22I>).J]=0$]/
%`K=%wC;QJ:c,U;.()(\0());QJ]a%`K=%_
C0CC2]x3qEC+])JQI,KC:
Áp dụng1C+C21U%1U;o)0IwC0-:Z/K2
E%,#ckQI,KCC+C21kU;K=%:\0}(2-
>#0x%.J"l)[.JK=%K2'x0/)C";kQ)
wCI>)C21D)2"#^x]C/*%;,";2.;C2U:
iV6:XM_1";MU~^€0/u_1‰+>C2M_1U+]=‰
Giải thích:XM_1";MU~]l%U;M†C2UV,UM]/C2‡"p
C2";2MU~0/u}*FxDU2+u;,U;0MU~%,x_1:
2;KCU2+u;,|*€K2>IQ%uaU^DR
Áp dụng: c,U;c%~]qKC_*+,"l$*YwCC2UK2%/>`
K2.;C2U:
iV71+>C2K=%I^xc,J‰
Giải thích: x%]=l%K=%†K=%V,U‡C#0i

";2]x(CU2aKCU;0"[,pK=%+]%`_1k:2
]^-(C#00/kK=%0V,UU;0M]/K=%3U#:XkK=%0V,U
c,/]/D^)]/";2b_";ab%DU;0K`U2+$3]M
^CwC'xc,#><0]/CQ:
Áp dụngc,U;)c%~\0_kkk|0|wC->:->
_1U+p"i)=K#]xIkp_1(I*<:)2"#
^x#%"u]lK#>C%_*+,Q2.;C2U:
iVj1sp>C2M^_I3>)_%„‰
K&1! # KC6N
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Giải thích:XMU;*%*FC2UV,U†X
4

9
‡^_I3„0u%C2D
^xQ%,#g%C0;J.;2]>c%";2.#K2c,]1Y(K2VU;02J.;2
J:JU;MN9
2
^_I3>)K€U;C2u:J%MUi'N9
2
p
M]/Mg%)C2U;02(K2VK#.l0q"_%„]1$Cp
;Ui("~$3_12Mf0";2.#K2#"_%„_1J:
J%M]/~'N9
2
p%g%I>)K€_r0:
Áp dụng: K2,J"*€M]x>)_%„Ki_#0";KeC"J
'Km#1*Y:]xIk]=hM^_I3>)_%„p
_1(ICƒIk]=:K2.;IDJ%->]=)2"#I
kp>•Ku$}"l^C-^E$*YKuJ";>•#0,#%^C

-:)2"#^x]l[(m(b$*YK2.;C2U:
iVk1n#)C2#00/kK=%";2:s[,D0Y]kwC
"U;0;,U;p‰
Giải thích: X) C*2K2)^ K0V,UC0†X
A
‡
A
";]0V,UC0
†X
A
‡
4
";0V,UC0X
A

4
U;Eu^0€_^e:
  n#)C2#00/kK=%^x()w,]=0€C):sp
K0V,UC0{U„K`•K2)#C_^KY^KC:K2
K=%^MDM^x|CCK0V,UC0#^xU1]=K0V,UC0KC_~
o„:n#)m]/C2IK0V,UC0";M]l%.C,'JD#G
0/U}>C%0€C)>•.C,]J:
2;KCK2K=%^0/kV,UCQVC^0€*<F%#K=%^)*Y
#00€'0Ku`:
Áp dụng1c,U;0/_0u,_J.J$3U#g%C
]J):)2"#bIk2->.J]='>m^C-wC_
0K#:y]^}()V0u,]=E$*Y]wC^C-
\03#0l0,#%k]`"i01^C-:)2"#^x]C";2(b
$*YwCC2UK2.;2U:
,6,p,K=@?BIDED@JKB=LMBI@bc@dD=@ND=R>eGHBI=PQBIB@rBIYXJ

IJfBI@LgBIz1Bty@J=lwy=QBlcwJ=DcDYQwThJD,
iV51'>2^UF>eJ;2‰
Giải thích: QCQC_0%`>20p(I>2g%C0qiD_]J
]M]MC%p.\'U;0.\]MC`D>C%*b%,x>C
%jcK)>C%u0_k(›D%jcc,/]/2>I
Q%u:b*b";;,C,C]aC,J.\.+K)>C%u0_k(I
$C]V†ŠŸX‡"i*%*F
A
@
A
C,C,C*V.\U%2Œ':
+2KC.)0q";2'DCg%rU#0q>C%J'0/Ui(>'*b%
.I2":&kiƒJ+2_x%;,:
K&1! # KC6B
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
Áp dụng:c,U;0/$*YwC=(u^$C*V";2]>`:
)2"#^x#%"u]l;,K2J*+,"lC*V:x->x%(b;2
"l>+2'DK%/(k0;;;,Cƒ.fq(:
iV61P2K0CU*V,*V]=>e*YK2".I2g%I"[J;2‰)
+wC^]`"i>$_~V2:
Giải thích: P2K0CU*V,*V.FJi";s#0u0K2.I2g%I
"[:o$JJi† ‡]a]C•2K0CU*V,*V";2U2+^Cu]/+]`
"i>$_~V:Ul%U=C2D^^xc,]/e:si;0U=u(D
•2K0CU*V,*VkYK2'x>•c,)+2*C";`1u(Dc,.
"l.+b%D%(o:
Zi]c,D)(^"#K%H%`]a(I)"l%'U)K%
H%`Q%,#(%*%*F•2K0CU*V,*V";2KC%g%I\0E2KC%'
K#;Kp]o.%1]J)=QC:;]/;,]=J;kuK2
.C30U+]c,:
I(„0]=()(%l%•2K0CU*V,*VU;II2TU2+>I(„0

]=[(_„%";#%Y_)l%+FKsC0:
Áp dụng: su]l;,^x#%K2.;*VTvV2:
iV71;,C,C^Q%i*€u,]x.I2g%I)U2+(„0:
+>C2u,^_I3;,‰
Giải thích:X);#$%]a()_(w.#K2)/(u,
0/Ui(0~*%*FCQ>2.pC.I2g%I(„03U#Ku
l%:
k*YJ%>EC%C]K2/(;,";EK2wU+p>C%75;,
"t_1u,0V()])_x:
Áp dụng)2"#^x*€)=;,0mK/"l0/>`CQ
E%'K2.;CQC.2Q,U:
iVj1sp>C2.1"1";2z2D_J]`>•]‚]C%‰
Giải thích:2K2-wC2D_JD†";0/>`2_)‡^CQE%
'#U;CQ•20†X‡:s1U;.CŒ'#K%|CCQU;0C]‚]C%:
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(b0mK/ku^C-
wCCQm.;CQC.2Q,U:
iVk1 ;0>EC%CJ;2‰
Giải thích: Z/U2+"_%„"1+^K2>ECD-U;_%„>EC^+2KC
CQUC X
A
8X8Xm]/u0:s_%„U#0V>ECD]^+2

K&1! # KC6?
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
;>EC%C:2#0]";K)c,]x3'"F";>.o*‚
wC>EC%C:
;(bwC>EC%CM0sC0";u_2)¡4•ˆc]+0¡9•ˆ
u.r2¡5D9•ˆC.2,]KC¡64•ˆi¡B5D9•:
Áp dụng)2"#^x]qc%~K#2(b0mK/ku^C-
wCCQm.;CQC.2Q,U:

iVm1u03U;p‰X^kp‰
Giải thích: K2*u03^"F%C"p^AT9•U;QCQV†X
A
X‡:
u03^)*Y+2"F%C";^)*YU;02'x^I0)0%`3
";#%2)`D^_I3#%]/D>)_%„:
Áp dụng:u03U;0/$C"FKubƒK2]>`D)2"#^x
QV";2K2.;I"lCQC.2Q,U]x->U#K2JDx%.J
"l"CK|wC*u03]`"i2:
iVn1sp>C2_1#32Cg%IC,>C%.EC3‰
Giải thích: K)c,^U2+]]'U;022>CCK";0/>`U2+CQ>•
_J=("iCQK2*+*;,+2KCQCCKDQKU;02*+*;,]b,':
Z/>`U2+2Cg%I^;0U=C";&VC2D}>•_J=("i
*F"FDuQ'";(K2VK2$3D*<+2;E+KfD_^#%^C:
E+;,p;>~m*+*;,DK%/:
#32Cg%I>C%.EC3_2I6ŸA:
Áp dụng1)2"#^x)(*Y"u]l;,";2.;CQC.2Q,U:
iVo1 sp>C2"fC";2`>EC]q^]>•u,^_JwC‰
Giải thích: K2>EC^;(b(K2V-U;XCŒV:n"fC";2>ECU;0
3]/%CD$U;0I0(wC*%*F>ECi(]}"i]x0]›]wC
CŒVpu;,>•_JwC:
nU;0(20CDCƒ)XCŒVV2%,#f'";2
U#0VJ(:
Áp dụng1)2"#^x]C)"u]lJ;,";2.;CQC.2Q,U:
,7,@LgBIF@EF=@ND@JKB1
K230-4567T4569D1UMr()"u]lJ";2)J*+,
m0/>`Ui(66"i)0$]/_)C%";]a_J=(;2;K2(2)
*+,wC0p]x^xU;02-0C_1_kKu2I0)D_I
3J(%.;ƒKu`:M_Ik]=)=J
Q%g%C0p->>•I0u,^C-bƒD*<x%";_1|u,

K&1! # KC45
Đề tài sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Giáo viên: Nguyễn Hoàng Thượng
^C-U;0/./01_^EC:y]^*b*bp;l0]C00#D,#%k
-[(./01^C:
K2g%)Kp"[*Y1[u,D^E"u]l2)-^x}(
->IkE=K2#DK)"0#k*F]2CD[0
kx%]=E*Yh_2C-2)-K2Ec%C*C28YE0;
JKi]xU+";^x$*YK2<]>`;,G.\
E_J$Ku(o10;_1c,;0)DQCU+:MDU+^)
*Y_kkkw]/D>)+2D$}K2-[(./01y]^U;02
2)-_1_1_CD.i]k]q€";($+(:sp"[,D>C%0/C)(
*Y]l;1[u,->Km#k-2)'DkE^C
l%'";_Jg%Iƒ^l%JKx`'Ki:
%,#DC2"u]l;,U;_1l%#(Y%/";2
*+,b(IU2+";_r2Ur2:Lu$0/"u]lpJ%}Cg%)U+0*Y
p]l%_1`:spJ1"tU%1!+,J;22`U;0/]l%_1
*<:
K2(+0"]l;1_1^C0"-Ig%,J0-"u]lK2
<0;G#%U#0/";>%,!D]l>%uwC)c2]^U;_0g%C
0/>`"k*Y02+D"i020%`U;0201^C-Km#bƒ'"i
->";^((bcC2%g%II*+,2)-K2;K:
, {
K#]c,D1]aKp.;,E_0wC0pK2g%)KpI
*+,";K•U%,->:s"[*YD_J=()"u]lJ]aKp.;,m
K#>•U;02->]C00#";,#%k01^C-':
si)U;0]aKp.;,mK#DK230-"yCg%C1]ay.i
UMr((€=()"u]lJ";2-]x+2l0]C00#D,#%k-
./01:nJg%I]+]=b%J)V0->%/)Ui(1I*+,g%C
CJ(%"[*Y]aKm#,#%k01-'";^EJ./
u]FK2-[(:

JI*+,2u,)Ui(k)(*Y>2"iUi()(*YIk
Q%,#^>_)C%K”K:XYxD_Jg%I)Ui(66*21*+,>C%
dnJg%I-_p
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