How jeans are made by MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR

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HOW JEANS ARE MADE
Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR
ID: 2010000400008
Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013)
Department: Wet Processing Technology
Email:
Blog: www. Textilelab.blogspot.com
Southeast University
Department of Textile Engineering
PREPARED BY
©right
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NYLON
2
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DRAWING
3
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POLYESTER
4
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TEXTURIZING
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BICOMPONENT FIBERS
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MICRO FIBRE

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SPANDEX
CONTENT
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Denim is a strong durable fabric constructed in a twill
weave with indigo and white yarns. The story of jeans
begins in the mid-19th century simultaneously in two
European cities: Nîmes in France, where the fabric itself
was created, the so-called “Serge de Nîmes” which led to
the name “denim”. Genoa in Italy, where the color comes
from, called in French “Bleu de Gênes” which led to the
expression “blue jeans” .The fabric and color come
together to become the jeans, denim.
Introduction
Cotton grows in a vast field. Picking cotton by hand is a slow
back breaking work. Each picker can only pick around 50kg a
day. But the mechanical cotton picker, its takes only five minute
to pick cotton that a man can pick in whole day. Then cotton
comprised in a massive bale which is ready for transportation.
Each ton of bale contain 500kg seeds, 100kg leafs and only
400kg of cotton fiber.
Cotton Collection
Cleaning was always an important basic
operation and it will become steadily more
important. For one thing, due to machine
harvesting cotton contains more and more
impurities, which furthermore are shattered by

hard ginning. The higher the degree of opening,
the higher the degree of cleaning. A very high
cleaning effect is almost always purchased at the
cost of a high fiber loss.
Cleaning
Blending
Intensive blending in a suitable blending machine must be
carried out after separate tuft extraction from individual bales of
the layout. This blending operation must collect the brunches of
fibers arriving sequentially from individual bales and mix them
thoroughly. Multi mixer is the machine of blow room where the
uniform blending is carried out.
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Carding is the reduction of
entangled mass of fibers to filmy
web by working them between two
closely spaced relatively moving
surfaces closed with sharp points. It
is done to remove any foreign matter
and the short fibers so that cotton
takes the form of a web which is
then converted into a rope like form
called sliver
Carding
Sliver Making
The drawing process produces a single, uniform Sliver from a number
of carded slivers. It is straighten the crimped and hooked fibers in the
card sliver. It also achieve a fairly through parallelization of the fibers
along the sliver axis, so that when they came to be spun on the

spinning frame they will be evenly drafted and twisted to produce an
acceptable yarn.
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Spinning

Spinning is a major part of the textile industry.
Ring-spinning is the most common spinning
method in the world. Other systems include air-
jet and rotor or open-end spinning. Rotor
spinning is done using break or open-end
spinning. This is a technique where the staple
fiber is blown by air into a rotor and attaches to
the tail of formed yarn that is continually being
drawn out of the chamber.
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Warping
The parallel winding of warp ends from many winding packages on
to a common package (warp beam) is called warping. To arrange a
convenient number of warp yarns of related length so that they can be
collect on a single warp beam as a continuous sheet of yarns which
can be used for sizing or next process.
Yarn Dyeing and Sizing
There are various dying and sizing processes of yarns, which can be
classified into four categories. Continuous Indigo-rope dying and sizing ,
Continuous dying and sizing, Indigo-back beam dyeing and sizing and
Continuous dyeing and sizing. In indigo-back beam, dyeing and sizing is
done in two stages. In the first stage, back beams are dyed , oxidized ,
dried and wound on a batch roll. The batch roll is then sized, dried and

wound on a weavers beam.
Weaving
The most usual weaving structure used in denim fabric is Twill. Twill
weave is normally designated as a fraction, such as 3/1. In this case the
numerator indicates the number of harnesses which are raised when the
filling thread is inserted (in this case it is 3). The denominator indicates
the number of harnesses that are lowered when the filling thread is
inserted (in this case is 1). Weaving is done by Air jet, Water jet, Rapier or
a Projectile weaving machine
Garments Factory
Produced fabric is come into the garments factory for further
processing. Firstly Marker is making efficiently, then Spreading the
fabric using spreading machine and finally Cutting the fabric using
cutting machine. Each pair jeans takes 15 min to make, including 1.6
meter denim, 1 zipper , 5 button etc. This jeans still not ready to use. It is
then Blown up and stretched for 60 min.
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Designing
It is pass through a high tech laser for
producing different design.
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In order to accelerate the garment wash effect and to give
garments an even more unique appearance and softer
hand, abrasive stones were introduced to the wash bath.
Washing
Finshing
Finally the fabric is ready for use and it packed and send to the

consumer.