ENGLISH FOR GARMENT TECHNOLOGY - Lesson 1 - Apparel Industry

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Unit 1
Apparel Industry
• Geographic regions
• Fashion history and trends (fashion timeline)
• Famous fashion and apparel brands
• Some terminologies in fashion area
• Industrial processes of fashion product
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Geographical regions of fashion styles
Fashion Capital Ranking:
New York, Paris, London, Los Angeles, Barcelona, Rome, Berlin,
Sydney, Antwerp, Shanghai, Tokyo, Milan, Florence, Madrid, Sao
Paolo, St Petersburg, Moscow, Singapore, Miami, Hong Kong
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Effect Factors on Fashion
social norm (rule)
fashion education
mass media
peer groups
social criticism
environment
customs, traditions
religion
work
leisure (relax) activities
wealth or change in income
inspiration by friends

changing trends and values
influence by family members
education
age
Fashion itself is a reflection of social,
economic, political and cultural changes. It
expresses modernity, symbolizing the
spirit of the times.
Fashion trends’ impact on society and life
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1. Couture beginnings
2. Early twentieth century
2.1 1900s
2.2 1910s
3. Golden age of French fashion
3.1 1920s
3.2 1930s
4. Mid-twentieth century
4.1 1940s
4.2 1950s
4.3 1960s
4.4 1970s
5. Late twentieth century
5.1 1980s
5.2 1990s
6. Twenty first century
6.1 2000s
6.2 2010s
6.3. Future
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Women’s Fashion Trends
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Women’s Fashion Trends
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Women’s Fashion Trends
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Women’s Fashion Trends
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Stages of garment creation
(creative director) (pattern maker) (machine operator)
(PR manager) (sale assistant)
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What is “fashion”
Fashion collection
Fashion show
Fashion week
Fashion designer
Fashion model
Fashion trend
Fashion event
Fashion style
Fashion world
Fashion runway (catwalk)
Fashion photographer

Fashion journalist
Fashion marketing
Fashion media (television,
magazine, newspaper, website)
Fashion competition
Fashion capital (e.g. Paris)
Fashion products
Fashion shop
Fashion drawing
Fashion magazine
FASHION
Clothing
Footwear
Accessories
Make-up
Furniture
Body piercing
Fashion is more than just a seasonal
mood, fashion is a lifestyle and attitude
matter.
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“fashionable and unfashionable”
Characteristic of or influenced by a
current popular trend or style
* a fashionable man
* a fashionable dress
Outmoded > Unfashionable > Out of
date > Out of style > Unstylish > Old-

fashioned
Haute couture (thời trang cao cấp)
Casual suit (quần áo hàng ngày, thường phục)
Conception of design (ý tưởng thiết kế)
Collocation of color (sự kết hợp màu sắc)
Sketch = layout = outline (bản phác họa)
Motif = texture (họa tiết)
Sewing kit (bộ đồ may vá)
Designer (nhà thiết kế)
Tailor (thợ may)
Customer = client (khách hàng)
Ready-made clothes (quần áo
may sẵn)
Figure (hình dáng)
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Tasks of fashion retailer
Work on the shop floor :
• Displaying items
• Serving customers
• Dealing with any queries or complaints
• Advising customers on their purchases
• Ordering, managing and taking out
stock
• Helping with promotions
• Overseeing deliveries
• Managing and motivating staff
• Making sure sales targets
Be a buyer and a merchandiser:
• Selecting new products and reviewing
the old

• Finding the right suppliers
• Negotiating prices
• Ensuring the delivery of products on
time
• Helping to interpret reports and
predicting future sales
• Pitching ideas to senior management
• Stock control
• Budgeting
• Promoting products
• Reacting to any changes in customer
demand
• Maintaining relationships with existing
suppliers while seeking new ones
• Attending trade events
• Getting feedback from customers
• Supporting design and production
teams
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Top 10 apparel brands - Value
ESP
$20.2 billion
USA
$15.8 billion
SWE
$12.7 billion
USA
$5.6 billion

GER
$4.88 billion
JPN $4.63 billion
ENG $4.12 billion
CAN
$3.76 billion
GER
$3.52 billion
USA
$1.8 billion
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“Fashion Industry”
 Brands, retailers, importers, and wholesalers of textiles and apparels.
 Service providers (consultants, customs brokers, freight forwarders,
law firms, logistics providers, steamship lines, and testing and
certification companies).
 Manufacturers and suppliers of finished products and inputs for
finished products, as well as supplier associations, business councils,
and promotional groups.
 Agencies that promote the industry from a specific region, country,
city, or other geographic entity.
 Academic institutions.
From design and development, to sourcing and logistics, to trade policy and
compliance, to retail and marketing
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Clothes or Garments
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US Apparel Market

hosiery
womenswear
footwear
menswear
childrenswear
apparel accessories
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Apparel Manufacturing Processes
Knowledge is the key to success and this also stands
true for textile industry. Every textile entrepreneur
needs to know the basic, traditional as well as modern
and technical apparel making techniques. This helps the
traders compare all the available means in the market
and select the one best suited for the business
requirement. The basic processes of textile
manufacturing include spinning, weaving, knitting,
finishing processes, dyeing, printing and others.
The actual ready to wear apparel
involves many more processes
right from pattern drafting to
garment construction: pattern
designing and pattern making,
grading, marker making,
apparel cutting, sewing, pressing
and finishing.
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Garment Production Processes (1)
(1) Pattern Making

The basic procedure for apparel making is to design a pattern and put it into an
identifiable form. The traditional method of pattern making includes creation of hard
paper patterns. The modern apparel making system has adopted the digitization of pattern
making process. These days many clothing firms provide the most modern and technical
services for garment construction. They can create fresh computerized patterns or make
modifications to existing hard paper patterns or digitize the available data. These patterns
can be made from their own samples or specifications provided by the apparel
manufacturers. Most of these firms try to provide patterns that will sew properly without
confusion in the production line.
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(2) Pattern Grading
Pattern grading is the process used for creating sized patterns. There are certain proportional
rules and set increments that form the basis of grading. These rules are set on the basis of
analysis on body measurements of the general population. The clothing firms also help in
pattern grading using the specifications provided by the apparel manufacturers and some of
them also assist the manufacturers in establishing specifications for their product. The grade
rules are developed keeping in view the market segment for which the product is intended
such as men, women, youth, child, toddler etc. These firms mostly use the softwares
available in the market for checking the accuracy of the grades.
(3) Marker making
Fabric is the most important basic material for apparel making and it accounts for around 50
per cent of the ex-factory cost of a garment. Thus, material optimization or maximizing
fabric utilization is the fundamental factor for every apparel firm. Marker making is done to
avoid material wastage. While making markers, fabric width, length, fabric type and
subsequent cutting method, all are taken into account. Both single size and multiple size
paper markers are made using automated marker making tools and Computer Aided Design
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CADCAM) along with traditional manual methods. The
firms providing this service use previously graded pattern or the digitized copy of styles

provided by the apparel manufacturers.
Garment Production Processes (2)
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(4) Apparel Cutting
Apart from using traditional tools such as straight knife, band knife, shears etc. Nowadays,
automatic spreading equipment and computerized cutting systems are widely used for
apparel cutting . Pattern specifications are kept into consideration while cutting which
ensures that the constructed garment is exactly similar to the sample produced. The use of
markers ensures as little textile waste as possible.
(5) Apparel Sewing
The sewing operation in most of the garment construction companies is closely supervised
for quality control. A variety of apparel styles and fabrics are sewn these days. There are a
large number of sewing machines available for almost any sewing operation. Some of the
examples of such machines are single needle, double needle, safety stitch, automatic meter,
automatic multi stitch, loop tacker, pocket welt, keyhole buttonhole, automatic button sewer,
round eyelet etc.
(6) Pressing and Finishing
After the sewing operation, the constructed garments are examined, pressed, tagged and
bagged in the pressing and finishing department. The automated processes adopted these
days prevent the possibility of wrinkling of the sewn garments throughout the finishing
process.
Garment Production Processes(3)
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Why do people wear clothes ?
• To feel comfortable
• To cover up skin for protection against risks
• To invest in beautiful things
• To feel better about themselves

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Descriptive Adjectives in Fashion
• Daring : Táo bạo
• Accentuated: Nổi bật
• Aesthetic: Thẩm mỹ
• Charmful: Quyến rũ
• Contrasted: Tương phản
• Dazzling: Rực rỡ
• Delicate: Tinh tế
• Eccentric: Lập dị
• Flaring: Chói lọi
• Graceful: Duyên dáng
• Harmonic: Hài hòa
• Lively: Sinh động
• Luxurious: Sang trọng
• Proud: Kiêu hãnh
• Ostentatious: Phô trương
• Romantic: Lãng mạn
• Shabby: Kỳ quái
• Soft: Mềm mại
• Spectacular: Đẹp mắt
• Elegant: Thanh lịch
• Dynamic: Năng động
• Active: Sôi động
• Gaudy: Lòe loẹt
• Redundant: Rườm rà
• Sexy: Gợi tình
• Sleek: Bóng bẩy
• Flashy: Hào nhoáng
• Convenient: Tiện lợi

• Comfortable: Thoải mái
• Colorful: Sặc sỡ
• Shy: E ấp
• Noble: Quí phái
• Meticulous: Tỉ mỉ, cầu kỳ
• Strong: Mạnh mẽ
• Manly: Nam tính
• Feminine: Nữ tính
• Simple: Giản dị
• Popular: Bình dân
• Discreet: Kín đáo
• Stylish: Sành điệu
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Related verbs to clothes wearing
• Attire /əˈtɑɪ:ə/: mặc, trang điểm
• Buckle /ˈbəkəl/: thắt (khóa)
• Button /ˈbʌtn/: cài (nút áo)
• Clothe /ˈkloʊð/: mặc quần áo (cho)
• Dress /ˈdrɛs/: mặc (quần áo)
• Fasten /ˈfæ.sən/: thắt (dây)
• Get dressed: mặc đồ
• Get undressed: cởi đồ
• Lace /ˈleɪs/: buộc (dây)
• Put on: mặc vào
• Take off: cởi ra
• Throw on /ˈθroʊ/: mặc nhanh
• Tie /ˈtɑɪ/: thắt (cà vạt, dây)
• Try on /ˈtrɑɪ/: mặc thử (quần áo)

• Undress /ənˈdrɛs/: cởi (quần áo)
• Unfasten / ənˈfæ.sᵊn/: cởi thắt
• Unzip /ənˈzip/: mở khóa
• Wear /ˈwɛə/: mặc, đeo
• Wrap /ˈræp/: quấn, choàng
• Zip up /ˈzip/: cài khóa
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Verbs about caring clothes
Dry
Wash
Rinse
Squeeze
Iron
Hang up
Fold
Bleach
Dye
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