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Thiết kế tháp mâm chóp chưng cất hỗn hợp benzen toluen năng suất 5,5kgs

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 9<FPFeF$#6;E$FF2
FWRZLfP6PLZLfF<F>PFc
6]-•PFFFsc>LF2<=•
$F1#F€LZLfFeFfF4FD>6]F€

F$6]A
 aF<F<0FcFsP<Mf;Fs‚
<0F6;23AY[x]2F4FDRFsf
‚<0FR23
• @234FW6YFsFD*6]=-*
1
• @236FW6YFsFD*6]i-*
F1
 X=.
• @234FW6YP.P*r
• @236FW6YPP*r.
2. 9[669:4
 9F<]F<F<0F\K
• ƒPF
• ƒ
• ƒ<M
• ƒF
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
 6;gFPFQEP*FWFFFs#Y*
FWFFFsZFf2PFd2*
FWFFFsA
 6;oPF
• 9<*F
• 9<F]<=F
• 9<F
 9k6
• 9LEFY
• 9Y

3. 234\]9:4
L2[#<M<M>mcKYH$Fd
YPF<FA6;#6;FF]2FFWFFYH?
#•P>rFY[IF2=AXcP6*FP
hF*\FW<FP6P<F$AY$r\P
iFDFFK\#Yi\P$rFD
#U„\6fdRK<M>mP
\PA
3.1. Tháp chưng cất dùng mâm xuyên lỗ
FYK]2#>B>P#LkEF]FD#r
$x$K]FD
 6;F2geF#\2…#=FD
<M$rZ=-†R#S1r>m\[6;/f$DFi\
$cL;\
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
3.2. Tháp chóp
L6c$F#
~H#r<0];FD
\r]
FYKhFK#Lk
EF=
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&A‡]#RA‡F26L6c
+A9D#SA\#"A

3.1. Tháp đệm
FYK]2#LkEF
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#$x~H>E\FFY
>$c#s>$Fx$dZLfF<F
$L$Dk\fZLfdZˆ\
*FFL‰LPA
_`a674b4cd4aAefg46786hi9:4Z!=>=%
?@=j6A:449k\l69[669:4@2d4g
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&G=ŠR@P\Š+5\F
iŠS9DH<=
y6;ŠyyK<Šyyy9sL2
3]ŠyCFsL23i
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II. 2n242ZXYd@2Z
1. !=>=
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