Industrial Garment Washing

A Distinctive Digest of Garment Washing &
Dyeing
INDUSTRIAL GARMENT WASHING & DYEING
Garment
washing is very important part of a garment industry. In this process a garment is provided
with a lucrative and glassy outlook. Chemicals used here are very costly and may harmful if
used more than essential. Cost can be lessen if the proper use of chemical is known. As there
is no such book on Industrial Garment Washing and Dyeing I believe this book will help very
much.
ASM TOWHEED
3/23/2011
2
GARMENT WASHING
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfortable and fashion of the
garments is called garment washing.
PURPOSE OF WASHING
Purpose of washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - This may be explained in the
following way:-
 Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance. After washing the
garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.
 By the washing technique, faded/old look, color or tinted affect is created in the garments
which also seem the best touch of garments.
 Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, Blasting,
whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, P. P spray, hand crapping, P.P spoonzing
etc. This also seems the best touch of garments.
 The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a result the
garment become size free and become soft hand feel.
 When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of garments.
 To attraction the customers/Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing and market
developments.
 Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further shrinkage

of the wash garments.
 Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due to
washing.
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TYPECS OF WASHING
Wet and Dry processes are mentioned below:
 Normal wash/Garments wash/Rinse wash
 Pigment wash
 Caustic wash
 Enzyme wash (Boi wash &Boi polishing)
 Stone wash
 Bleach wash (Ice wash& snow wash)
 Stone Enzyme wash
 Acid wash
 Silicon wash
 Sand Blasting & Hands scraping.
 P. P Spray
 Over all wrinkle
 Permanent wrinkle
 Tinting & Over dyeing
 Grinding & Destroy
 Broken & Tagging.
 P.P Sponging
 Dip Dyeing
 Tie & Dye etc.
TYPE OF WHAT MACHINE USED IN WASHING PLANT
 Sample washing Machine (Horizontal / Vertical Type)
 Washing Machine (Side loading)
 Washing Machine (Front loading)

 Hydro extractor Machine
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 Dryer Machine (Steam)
 Dryer Machine (Gas)
 Chemical Mixture Machine
 Industrial Oven (Gas/Electric)
 Boiler
 Submersible Pump
 Grinding Machine
 Tagging Machine
 Steam chamber for crinkle
 E.T.P (Effluent Treatment Plant)
 Generator
 Sand Blasting Gun
 Sand Blasting chamber
 Spray gun and dummy
 Screw compressor
SEQUENCE OF PROCESS OF ANY GARMENT WASHING
1. Lot size
2. L:R – Liquor ratio
3. Temperature
4. Chemicals
5. Time
NORMAL WASH / GARMENTS WASH
Normal wash is required for the following reasons:
1. To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments
2. To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics
3. For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing
4. To achieve buyer washing standard

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WASHING PROCESS OF NORMAL / GARMENT WASH
The Normal/Garment washing process of batch of 70 kg Twill/Canvas Garments are described below:
First Step :
 Lot size: 70 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8-10 560 - 700 Liter.
 Machine Running.
 Add detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 280-350 gm.
 Temperature Sometime cold & sometime 40°c to 60°c.
 Time 5 to 10 minutes.
 Drop the liquor.
 Cold wash
Second Step :
 Add water at L: R = 1: 6 420 liter.
 Washing machine running
 Add Flax softener at 0.6 gm / liter 252 gm.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.5 gm / liter 210 gm.
 Time 5 to 10 minutes.
 Drop the liquor.
 Unload the Garments on trolley.
Third Step: Hydro extractor machine.
 Hydro-extraction the garments to remove excess water from the washed Garments.
Fourth Step: Steam Dryer/Gas Dryer.
 Load on steam dryer - 50 kg
 Temperature - 60°c - 70°c
 Time - 40 - 50 min for dry.
 Time - 10 - 15 min for cold dry.
 Load on gas dryer - 50 kg,
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 Running the machine
 Temperature: - 70°c - 90°c.
 Time: - 30 - 35 min for dry.
 Time: - 10 - 15 min for cold dry.
Fifth Step:
After drying it will be quality checking and good quality Garments will be delivery to Garments
factory.
NOTE: - Flax softener (cationic or nonionic) diluted with hot water then use in the machine.
SILICON WASH
Silicon washes generally doing on all type of fabrics i.e. Twill, Denim, Canvas, Knit, Corduroy.
Silicon wash is required for the following reasons:-
It gives durable softness, elastic handle,
It helps to anti-pilling affects, dimensional stability, and tear resistance.
It helps to fabrics to be cut and sewn more easily allows and improving wears and easy care
properties.
SILICON WASH PROCESS
The silicon washing process of batch of 60 kg Twill/Canvas/Poplin/Corduroy/Trouser is described
below:-
First Step: - Desizing
 Lot weight (Approx 125 Pecs) 60 kg.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 10 600 Liter
 Machine Running.
 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 360 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 300 gm.
 Temperature 40 50°c.
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 Time 10 20 min.
 Drop the liquor.

 Rinse one time 3 minutes.
Second Step:-
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 288 gm.
 Cationic Softener at 1 gm / liter 480 gm.
 Silicon (ME) at 0.5 gm / liter 240 gm.
 Temperature 40°c
 Time 15 to 20 min.
 Drain the bath.
 Then unload the garments on trolley.
Third Step: - Hydro-extractor Machine
After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to hydro-extractor machine
to remove excess water from the washed garments.
Fourth Step: - Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to gas/steam dryer.
 Temperature set - 75°c to 85°c.
 Run about 35 to 45 min.
 After run 10 to 15 minutes for cold dryer.
Fifth Step:-
After drying garment go to quality section for quality checking and then delivery.
PIGMENT WASH
Pigment wash generally doing on pigment dyed or printed Garments by pigment washing technique.
Pigment wash is required for the following reasons:
 To fading affect/old looking affect on Garment and also seam abrasion.
 For soft feeling to wear the garment after purchasing.
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 To achieve the buyer washing standard.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing.
WASHING PROCESS OF PIGMENT WASH

The pigment washing process of batch of 80 kg Twill/canvas Garments are described below:-
First Step :-
 Lot size: - 80 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 640 Liter
 Machine Running.
 Add Caustic soda (NAOH) at 0.8 gm / liter 512 gm.
 Add Soda Ash (Na2Co3) at 1.50 gm / liter 950 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 512 gm.
 Temperature 50°c to 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 20 to 60 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Wash 1 time by hot wash for 5 min at the temperature 50°c.
 Wash 1 time by cold water for 5 min
Second Step:-
 Add water at L:R = 1:6 480 liter.
 Washing machine running
 Add Acetic Acid (for pH 4.5 - 5.0) at 0.5 gm / liter 210 gm.
 Add Flax softener at 0.6 gm / liter 288 gm.
 For more slippery hand feel use silicon - at 0.6 gm / liter 288gm.
 Time 10 to 20 min.
 Drop the liquor
 Unload the Garments on trolley
Third Step: - Hydro extractor machine.
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 Hydro-extraction the garments to remove excess water from the Garments. Time
required about 2 - 4 minutes
Fourth Step :
 Steam Dryer / Gas Dryer.
 Load on steam dryer - 50 kg

 Running the machine
 Temperature - 60°c - 70°c
 Time - 40 - 50 min for dry.
 Time - 10 - 15 min for cold dry.
Or
 Load on gas dryer - 50 kg,
 Running the machine
 Temperature: - 70°c - 90°c for dry.
 Time: - 30 - 35 min for dry.
 Time: - 10 - 15 min for cold dry.
Fifth Step :
 After drying garments go to quality section and check the garment, good quality
garment will be delivery and Deep shade again rewash, other quality Garment
rectify then delivery.
CHEMICAL USED IN PIGMENT WASHING AND THEIR FUNCTION
 CAUSTIC SODA (NaOH) :-
 Caustic created the role in bleach technique without color change the garments.
 Caustic has a cleaning power which is more powerful then soda Ash.
 Fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments
SODA ASH (Na2Co3) :
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 Soda ash created alkaline medium for the breakdown of pigment dye.
 It has also a cleaning power.
 It has also help color fading affect of garments.
Detergent:
Here detergent is used to remove impurities from the Garment fabric surfaces and temperature
helps detergent to enhance its action. Detergent removes the impurities from the garments fabric
surface. During coming these impurities, some pigment will be washed out from the pigment dyed
or printed area of the garments. As a result fading affect will be developed.

Acidic Acid (CH3COOH) :
Acidic Acid is used to neutralize the garment from alkaline condition and to control the pH value in
wash bath.
Flax Softener (Cationic, anionic):
Softener is used to make the garments treated textiles is surface feel that is bath sickly and soft and
also provides excellent lubricating properties
CAUSTIC WASH:
Caustic wash generally doing on Reactive dye, Sulpher dye, Direct dyed or printed Garments
Caustic wash is required for the following reasons:
 To fading/old looking affect on Garment and seam abrasion affection seam area.
 To remove the size materials, starch from the garments.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
 For soft feeling to wear the garments.
 To increase the hairiness on garments.
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 To achieve the buyer reference sample
WASHING PROCESS OF CAUSTIC WASH:
The caustic washing processes of batch of 80 kg twill/canvas garments are described below:
First Step :
 Lot size: - 80 kg.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 640 Liter
 Machine Running.
 Add Caustic soda (NAOH) at 1.60 gm / liter …. 1024 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 432 gm.
 Temperature 50°c to 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 20 to 60 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Wash cold water for 3 min.
Second Step :

Neutral Wash
 Add water at L: R = 1: 5 400 liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 1 gm / liter 400 gm.
 Time 5 min.
 Here acetic acid is used to neutralize the garments from alkaline medium.
Third Step:
 Add water at L: R = 1: 6 480 Liter
 Machine Running.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.5 gm / liter 240 gm.
 Add Flax softener at 0.6 gm / liter 288 gm.
 If more soft use silicon at 0.6 gm / liter 288 gm.
 Time 10 to 20 min.
 Drop the liquor.
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 Unload the garments on trolley
Fourth Step: Hydro- extractor machine.
 Hydro-extraction the garments to remove excess water from the Garments. Time
required about 2 - 4 minutes.
Fifth Step : Steam Dryer/Gas Dryer
 Load on steam dryer - 50 kg
 Running the machine
 Temperature - 60°c - 70°c
 Time - 40 - 50 min for dry.
 Time - 10 - 15 min for cold dry.
or
 Load on gas dryer - 50 kg,
 Running the machine
 Temperature: - 70°c - 85°c for dry.
 Time: - 30 - 35 min for dry.

 Time: - 10 - 15 min for cold dry.
Sixth Step :
 After drying garments go to quality section and check the garment, good quality
garment will be delivery and Deep shade again rewash, other quality Garment
rectify then delivery.
CHEMICAL USED IN CAUSTIC WASH AND THEIR FUNCTION
CAUSTIC SODA (NaoH):
 Caustic created the role in bleach technique with color change the garments.
 Caustic has powerful cleaning power.
 Fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments.
DETERGENT:
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 Here detergent is used to remove impurities from the garments fabric surfaces and
temperature helps detergent to enhance its action. During these impurities, some
color will be washed out from the colored fabric garments. As a result fading affect
will be developed.
ENZYME WASH
 Enzymes are bio chemical substances that behave as catalysts toward specific
reactions. What makes very interesting the enzymes under a chemical point of view
is their high specificity or in other words, their ability to attack selectively a given
substrate
 Among the two traditional enzymes used in the treatments of denim garments
(amylase to hydrolyze starches and cellulose to degrade in different way's cotton's
cellulose) there is another enzyme that can be employed to attack selectively the
molecule that constitutes the blue indigo color resulting ineffective on other kind of
dyes.
 The action of enzyme during enzyme wash, it hydrolysis the cellulose, at first it
attacks the having projecting fiber and hydrolyzed them. Then it attacks the yarn
portion inside fabric and partly hydrolyzed the yarn portion and faded affect is

produced.
 Mainly two types of enzyme used in Bangladesh. One is Acid Enzyme (liquid) and
another is Neutral Enzyme
 Neutral Enzyme is two types - a) Powder form b) Liquid form i.e., SL Enzyme.
ACID ENZYME
 Acid enzyme color is slightly brown.
 pH range is 4.5 to 5.5
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 Temperature - 40°c - 55°c.
 Time required 25 min to 50 min.
 Enzyme affects come within short time.
 Staining/Bleeding occurs more in garments.
 Production high
NEUTRAL ENZYME
POWDER ENZYME
 Enzyme is slightly white powder form.
 pH range is 6 to 7.
 Temperature - 40°c - 60°c.
 Time required 40 to 70 min.
 Enzyme affects come slowly.
 Less staining/bleeding on garments.
 With pumic stone comes good affect/abrasion on garments.
 In dark shade enzyme affect comes good
SL ENZYME
 SL enzyme is liquid form.
 pH range is 6 to 7.
 Temperature range 40°c - 60°c.
 Time required 45 to 80 min.
 Enzyme affects come slowly.

 Less staining/bleeding on garments.
 With pumic stone come better affect.
 In dark shade enzyme affect comes good
ENZYME WASH
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Enzyme wash is required for the following reasons :
 To remove the size materials from the garments.
 To remove the starch presents on the garments fabrics.
 To achieve the high low abrasion (stone affect) on garment and seam abrasion in
sewing area.
 Enzyme attack as chemically not mechanically for this reason low damage/wastage
then stone wash.
 For soft feeling to wear the garment.
 To achieve the buyer reference sample.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
 Especially develop the "Bio-Polishing" affect of cotton/denim.
 Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties.
 Enzyme attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives a very smooth surface.
DIFFERENCES AMOUNG DARK SHADE MEDIUM SHADE & LIGH SHADE:
Dark Shade Medium Shade Light Shade
Desizing
Enzyme(Neutral)
Caustic wash
Softener & P
H
Control
Hydro-extractor
Dryer
Quality

Delivery to finishing
Desizing
Enzyme(Acid)
Bleaching
Neutralization
Caustic wash
Softener & P
H
Control
Hydro-extractor
Dryer
Quality
Delivery to finishing
Desizing
Enzyme(Acid)
Bleaching
Neutralization1
Neutralization2
Caustic wash
Softener & P
H
Control
Hydro-extractor
Dryer
Quality
Delivery to finishing
ENZYME WASH PROCESS (DARK SHADE)
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The enzyme washing process of batch of 60 kg denim men's long pant (Trouser) are described

below :
First Step : DESIZING
 Lot weight (80 Pecs) 60 kg denim long pant.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 Liter
 Machine Running
 Temperature 60°c.
 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 324 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 432 gm.
 Time 10- 15 min.
 Drop the liquor
 Wash 1 time by cold water
Second Step: ENZYME
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter
 Temperature 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.3 gm / liter 135 CC.
 Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
 Add Neutral Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter 900 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade)….40- 80 min.
 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
 Drain the bath.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Third Step: - SOFTENING
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
 Cationic Softener at 1 gm / liter 450 gm.
 Temperature Cold.
 Time 10 to 15 min.
 Drain the bath
 Then unload the garments on trolley.
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Fourth Step: Hydro-extractor Machine
 After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to hydro-
extractor machine to remove excess water from the washed garments
Fifth Step: Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to gas dryer.
 Temperature set - 75°c to 85°c.
 Run about 40 min.
 After then run 10 min in cold dryer.
Sixth Step:
 After dryer garment go to quality section for quality checking and good one delivery
ENZYME WASH PROCESS (MEDIUM SHADE)
The enzyme washing process of batch of 60 kegs denim men's long pant (Trouser) is described
below:
First Step: DESIZING
 Lot weight (80 Pecs) 60 kg denim long pant.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 Liter
 Machine Running.
 Temperature 60°c.
 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 324 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 432 gm.
 Time 15- 20 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Wash 1 time by cold water
Second Step: - ENZYME
 Add water at L: R = 1 : 8 480 Liter
 Temperature 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
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 Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter 900 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade)…… 30- 60 min.
 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
 Drain the bath.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Third Step : Bleaching-
 Add water at L : R = 1 : 7 420 Liter
 Temperature 60°c.
 Add chlorine bleach (k.c.i) at 10 gm / liter …… 4200 gm.
 Add soda ash at 2 gm / liter 840 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 12 to 15 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Fourth Step : Neutral
 Add water at L : R = 1 : 10 600 Liter
 Temperature 50°c.
 Add sodium hypo sulphite at 2 gm / liter 1200 gm.
 Add detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 300 gm.
 Time 10 to 15 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Fifth Step : SOFTENING
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
 Cationic Softener at 1 gm / liter 450 gm.
 Temperature Cold.
 Time 10 to 15 min.
 Drain the bath.
 Then unload the garments on trolley

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Sixth Step: Hydro-extractor Machine
 After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to hydro-
extractor machine to remove excess water from the washed garments.
Seventh Step: - Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to gas dryer.
 Temperature set - 75°c to 85°c.
 Run about 40 min.
 After then run 10 min in cold dryer.
Eighth Step:-
 After dryer garment go to quality section for quality checking and good one delivery.
Hydro-extractor Machine
 After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to hydro-
extractor machine to remove excess water from the washed garments
ENZYME WASHES PROCESS LIGHT SHADE:
The enzyme washing process of batch of 60 kgs denim men's long pant (Trouser) are described
below:
First Step: - DESIZING
 Lot weight (80 Pecs) 60 kg denim long pant.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 Liter
 Machine Running.
 Temperature 60°c.
 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 324 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 432 gm.
 Time 15- 25 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Wash 1 time by cold water
Second Step : ENZYME
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter

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 Temperature 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
 Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter. 270 gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter 900 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 35- 60 min.
 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
 Drain the bath.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Third Step : Bleaching
 Add water at L: R = 1: 7 420 Liter
 Temperature 50°c to 60°c.
 Add chlorine bleach (k.c.i) at 20 gm / liter. 8400 gm.
 Add sodium bi carbonate at 4 gm / liter 1680 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 12 to 20 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.
Fourth Step : Neutral -1
 Add water at L : R = 1: 10…………600 Liter
 Temperature 50°c.
 Add sodium hypo sulphite at 2 gm / liter 1200 gm.
 Add detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 300 gm.
 Time 10 to 15 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Fifth Step: Neutral-2
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter
 Temperature 60°c.
 Add hydrogen peroxide at 4 gm / liter 1920 gm.

 Add caustic soda at 1 gm / liter 480 gm.
 Add detergent at 1 gm / liter 480 gm.
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 Time 10 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Sixth Step: SOFTENING
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 450 Liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.
 Cationic Softener at 1 gm / liter 450 gm.
 Temperature Cold.
 Time 10 to 15 min.
 Drain the bath.
 Then unload the garments on trolley.
Seventh Step: - Hydro-extractor Machine
 After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to hydro-
extractor machine to remove excess water from the washed garments
Eighth Step: Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to Steam dryer.
 Temperature set - 60°c to 75°c.
 Run about 40 min.
 After then run 10 min in cold dryer.
Ninth Step:
 After dryer garment go to quality section for quality checking and good one delivery.
ENZYME WASH PROCESS
(TWILL/CANVAS/POPLIN)
The enzyme washing process of batch of 60 kg Twill/Canvas/Poplin/Corduroy) trouser are described
below :
First Step: - DESIZING

 Lot weight (Approx 125 Pecs) 60 kg.
 Add water at L : R = 1 : 10 600 Liter
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 Machine Running.
 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 360 gm.
 Add Detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 300 gm.
 Temperature 50-60°c.
 Time 10- 20 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse one time 3 minutes
Second Step: ENZYME
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter
 Temperature 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.5 gm / liter 240 gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme at 1.2 gm / liter 600 gm.
 Add Antistain at 0.50 gm / liter ,, 240 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the standard) 30 to 60 min.
 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute.
 Drain the bath.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
Third Step :- SOFTENING
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 288 gm.
 Cationic Softener at 1 gm / liter 480 gm.
 Silicon (ME) at 0.5 gm / liter 240 gm.
 Temperature 40°c.
 Time 10 to 20 min.
 Drain the bath.
 Then unload the garments on trolley.

Fourth Step :- Hydro-extractor Machine
 After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to hydro-
extractor machine to remove excess water from the washed garments
Fifth Step : Drying Machine
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 Load 60 kg garments to gas/steam dryer.
 Temperature set - 75°c to 85°c.
 Run about 35 to 45 min.
 After run 10 to 15 minutes for cold dryer.
Sixth Step :
 After dryer garment go to quality section for quality checking and then delivery.
INTRODUCTION OF PUMIC STONE
Pumic Stone:-
 The pumic stone are the perforated stones, produced from volcanic explosion.
 At first these stones are soft but becomes cold, it becomes the stones with rough surface,
 Pumic stones float on water.
 Pumic stones come from Indonesia and Turkey.
 Indonesia stone color is slightly brown and Turkey stone is white color.
 Pumic stones are available in 3 size i.e. small 2-3 cm, medium 3-5 cm and large size 5-7 cm.
 Two to Three times can be used are pumic stone.
Every bag contain 22 kg to 25 kg and price 400/= to 425/=/ bag
THE ACT OF PUMIC STONES DURING GARMENT WASHING
 During different garments washing like stone wash, Acid wash, Stone Enzyme wash etc.
Pumic stones are used to create irregular fading affect on garments.
 The pumic stones act a brushing action on the garment fabric surfaces.
 The areas where more brushing action take place, there more fading or discolor affect will
be developed and the areas where less brushing action takes place, there less discolor affect
will be developed.
 The multi layer fabric areas like – Collar, Cuff, Pocket, Placket, Side seams etc. areas will be

brushed more than the single layer areas.
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 As a result irregular fading is developed in the garments by the action of pumic stones.
STONE WASH
A process of stone wash of 60 kg batch of Denim Long Pant as mentioned below:
First Step : PRE-TREATMENT/DESIZING
 Batch size 60 kg Denim Long Pant.
 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 liter.
 Start the machine.
 Temperature 60°c
 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 324 gm.
 Add Detergent / Antistain at 1 gm / liter. 540 gm.
 Time 15 to 25 min.
 Drop the liquor
Second Step :- HOT WASH
 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 liter.
 Temperature 60°c.
 Time 5 min.
Third Step :- BLEACHING
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 liter.
 Machine running.
 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) at 10 gm/liter 4800 gms.
 Add soda ash at 5 gm/liter 2400 gms.
 Pumic stone at ½ vol of garments.
 Temperature 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 12 to 15 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse twice, each 3 minutes
Fourth Step :- NEUTRAL WASH

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 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 liter.
 Add sodium hyposulphite at 3 gm/liter 1620 gms.
 Temperature 40°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) 10 to 12 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Rinse one.
Fifth Step :- SOFT WASH
 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 liter.
 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter 288 gms.
 Cationic softener at 1 gm/liter 480 gms.
 Time 5 min.
 Drop the liquor.
 Unload the garments to trolley
Sixth Step :- Hydro-extractor Machine
 Hydro-extraction the garment to remove excess water from the washed garments.
Seventh Step :- Drying Machine
 Load 40 kg garments
 Set temperature 75°c to 85°c.
 Time 35 to 40 min.
 Time 10 minutes in cold dry.
 Eighth Step :- Delivery :-
 After quality checking garment will be delivery.
STONE ENZYME WASH
Now in our Bangladesh maximum Denim garment is washing STONE ENZYME WASH. It is most
popular wash for Buyer. A process of stone enzyme wash of 60 kg batch of Denim Long Pant as
mentioned below:
First Step :- PRE-TREATMENT / DESIZING
A Distinctive Digest of Garment Washing & Dyeing