MOB 1 intro 2010 lập trình mobi

Internet & Mobile Communications
Master 1 - Spring 2010
MI 021
Ho Chi Minh Ville
Anne Fladenmuller
Assistant Professor – UPMC (France)
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Overview of the lecture
–  Introduction
  Use-cases, applications
  Definition of terms
  Challenges, history
–  Wireless Transmission
  frequencies & regulations
  signals, antennas, signal
propagation
  Link budget
  multiplexing, modulation, spread
spectrum, cellular system
–  Media Access
  motivation, SDMA, FDMA, TDMA
(fixed, Aloha, CSMA, DAMA,
PRMA, MACA, collision avoidance,
polling), CDMA
–  Wireless LANs
  Basic Technology
–  Wireless PANs
  IEEE 802.11a/b/g, .15,
Bluetooth
–  Network Protocols

  DHCP
  Mobile IP
  Ad-hoc networking
  Routing
–  Transport Protocols
  Reliable transmission
  Flow control
  Quality of Service
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Bibliography
  Course mostly based on
–  the book :
  "Mobile Communications", Addison-Wesley de Jochen Schiller
–  Other reference books :
  « Data and computer communications », William Stallings
  « Réseaux de mobiles et réseaux sans fil » Khaldoun Al Agha, Guy
Pujolle, Guillaume Vivier
  « Wi-fi par la pratique», Guy Pujolle, Davor Malès
–  Several Tutorials :
  Vadia Nitin
  Gwendal Le Grand
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Computers for the next decades?
  Computers are more and more integrated
–  small, cheap, portable, replacable - no more separate devices
  Technology is in the background
–  computer are aware of their environment and adapt (“location
awareness”)

–  computers recognize the location of users and react appropriately
(e.g., call forwarding, fax forwarding, “context awareness”))
  Advances in technology
–  more computing power in smaller devices
–  Heterogeneous devices and diverse capacities
–  flat, lightweight displays with low power consumption
–  new user interfaces due to small dimensions
–  more bandwidth per cubic meter
–  multiple wireless interfaces: wireless LANs, wireless PANs, wireless
WANs, regional wireless telecommunication networks etc. (“overlay
networks“)
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Number of wireless clients in the world
Market of mobile telephony between 1999
and 2003
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Millions of units
North America
Europe
Asia - Pacific - Japan

South America
Middle East - Africa
total
Wifi chips
  The number of Wifi chips sold in 2008 reached 387 millions
of unit for all market areas.
+ 52% for the Wi-Fi telephony market.
+ 51 % for the printing market.
+ 23% for the notebook, laptops (144 millions unit).
+ 33% for the mobile devices market (MID, camera, audio players ,
video players …) (71 millions unit)
Stable for the game market, set-top-boxes,…
According to the Wi-Fi Alliance and In-Stat, the increase should reach
12% for laptop market.
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Commercial market of WLANs (ABI Research). !
  Increasing number of Wi-Fi hotspots in 2006"
–  Up to 143 700 access points in the world, growth of 47 % compared
to 2005."
–  74 % of Wi-Fi Access Points are in North America and Europe"
–  Forecast : In 2011, the Asia Pacific area should overtake Europe and
North America in terms of number of Access Points."
–  In Europe: "
  First market for Wi-Fi, with 57 000 Access points. "
  Growth mostly in commercial areas which set up free Wi-Fi access.
Typical example : McDonald's, which has equipped 17 % of its 4000
fastfoods."

–  Hotel sector : currently the biggest market in the world"
  nearly 40 000 Access Points worldwide. "
  future : Voice over IP through wireless connections"
  In 2010, ABI foresees more than 109 000 Wi-Fi AP for this particular
market."
–  Promissing commercial benefits before the effective use of Wimax
technologies."
Vietnamese Market
  German market research group, GFK predicted in 2008 that
around 320,000 laptops ought to be sold in Vietnam for that year,
doubling that of 2007
  HCM City currently has around five providers of wireless services.
–  FPT Telecom is the most outstanding player with a US$1.5 million project to
develop a Wifi city initiated in June 2007.
–  Telecom’s wireless Internet services now cover most banks, hotels and
luxurious restaurants in inner HCM City (5,000 points).
–  Viettel Mobile has begun testing wireless Internet services by providing free
services in some districts in Hanoi and HCM City.
–  Two CDMA-based mobile networks, S-Fone and EVN Telecom, are
implementing wireless Internet services.
No standard wireless model though Wifi is praised for its business
potentials, telecom firms are hesitating to develop Wifi. Most of
them are just testing services
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Vietnamese Market
  Operator’s view
–  “After an experimental period, we see space barriers and we are
seeking better solutions for these,” said Viettel’s Deputy Director in
charge of technology, Hoang Son.

–  S-Fone’s wireless Internet service for mobile phone is praised for its
good quality but the charges are still high.
–  For EVN Telecom, though the service is wireless, users have to use
a slow dial-up connection.
  Security is a problem for wireless Internet services as it is
said that hackers can attack computers through Wifi
system.
–  Some service providers have warned that as wireless services in
Vietnam are in a trial period and there is no standard security model
users must protect themselves.
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Wireless telephony in France
–  Autorité de régulation des télécoms (Arcep)
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Increased number of smartphones
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Wireless in the world
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Growth of the 3G+
  In Europe, forecast for of the growth of 3G+
telephony (CCS Insight).
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2009 Estimation
for2011
subscribers 22 millions 43 millions

incom 6 billions of € 11 milliards of €
Long Term Evolution
  Average annual growth rate (conseil Pyramid Research)
–  Motorola : + 404 % between 2010 and 2014,
–  Estimation of 136 millions of subscribers by the end of 2014. (growth of
UMTS/HSPA subscribers was of 100 millions in 6 years)
  Goal: transfert of high speed data with a longer transmission range,
higher number of user per cell and lower latency.
USA/ Sweeden/ … : An offer is set up for 2010 (Ericsson : HSPA (3G) network
with very high speed (84 Mbits/s) over Danemark other major cities in
Sweeden before the end of 2010)
France : Arcep (Autority dof regulation of communications) : Licences
allocated in 2010 and sold in 2011.
- Sprectrum of 2,6 GHz Band (military) should be freed by 2010 and 2012
- Spectrum of 800 MHz Band (television and army) freed by december 2011
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Internet Market
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Internet Market
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Commercial Wifi market (ABI Research). !
  Increase of the number of WiFi hotspots"
–  2008 : Paris noticed an increase of 534%
of its public and professionnal Wi-Fi connexion. "
  400free hotspots in Paris"
  London remain the most connected city with12.276 connexion
area in the city

  In Europe : important increase in commercial centers with setting up of free Wi-Fi.
Example : McDonaldʼs (1 sur 2 à Paris)"
–  In2006 :"
  143 700 access points in the world, +47 % compared to 2005."
  74 % of this wifi points are in North America and Europe"
–  Forecast: "
  In 2011, South Pacific should overtake Europe and America in terms of number
of access points. "
  Hotels: First user ofe WiFi in the world. Promissing market since VoIP is
progresing. "
–  In 2010, ABI foresee more than 109 000 WiFi AP for this area."
  2013 : forecast of wifi market x4 (ABI)"
  Promissing market, until LTE/WiMAX is being deployed ?"
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WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
WiMAX available in 2 solutions:
–  fixed WiMAX (within a building…)
–  mobile WiMAX (connection of « nomad » clients).
Device maker
10 000 Wimax base station delivered by Motorola
  Annual growth rate of 40 % since the delivery of the first
WiMAX access points in 2007
802.16m (WiMAX Release 2) is the next generation for this
high speed mobile technology.
–  In the USA
  Consortium : Sprint and Clearwire planed an investment of 10 billions
of $
–  In Europe
  WiMAX and similar services are restricted to areas with no or very little

high-speed wired connectivity. LTE (long term evolution) seems to be
the natural evolution of HSPA
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Introduction
–  The development of wireless interfaces generates a need for
integration :
  standardisation of W -LAN/MAN/PAN technologies IEEE 802.11,.15, .
16,
  Internet: extensions of Mobile IP to the IP protocol
  Wide area networks
Fixed telephony :
stable market
Cellular :
growing market
Internet :
Growing market
•  GSM
•  GPRS/EDGE
•  UMTS/
IMT2000
•  4 G
•  Wireless ATM
•  IEEE 802.11
•  Bluetooth
•  Wimax
Evolution of
wired telephony :

More services
•  IP/IPv6
•  WDM
•  IP with/without QoS
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Different aspects of mobility
  Mobile computing refers to different aspects :
–  Terminals mobility
  Wireless connection between a mobile terminal and an access
point or between several mobile terminals
  Maintain the connection when users are on the move
  Allow handover and paging
–  Users mobility
  Identify a user whichever terminal or network he uses.
  User profiles should always be recognised
–  Service mobility
  Allow adaptation of the service to the operating environment
–  Session mobility
  Allow to pause and restart a session on different environments
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Mobile Communications
  Two aspects of mobility:
–  user mobility: users communicate (wireless) “anytime, anywhere,
with anyone”
–  device portability: devices can be connected anytime, anywhere to
the network
  Wireless vs. mobile Examples
  stationary computer

  notebook in a hotel
  wireless LANs in historic buildings
  Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
  The demand for mobile communication creates the need for
integration of wireless networks into existing fixed networks:
–  local area networks: standardization of IEEE 802.11,
ETSI (HIPERLAN)
–  Internet: Mobile IP extension of the internet protocol IP
–  wide area networks: e.g., internetworking of GSM and ISDN
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Applications
  Vehicles
–  transmission of news, road conditions, weather, music via DAB
–  personal communication using GSM
–  position via GPS
–  local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents,
guidance system, redundancy
–  vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be
transmitted in advance for maintenance
  Emergencies
–  early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first
diagnosis
–  replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes,
hurricanes, fire etc.
–  crisis, war,
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Typical application: road traffic
UMTS, WLAN,

GSM, Wimax
Personal Travel Assistant,
DAB, PDA, laptop,
GSM, UMTS, WLAN,
Bluetooth,
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Applications
  Traveling salesmen
–  direct access to customer files stored in a central location
–  consistent databases for all agents
–  mobile office
  Replacement of fixed networks
–  remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities
–  flexibility for trade shows
–  LANs in historic buildings
  Entertainment, education,
–  outdoor Internet access
–  intelligent travel guide with up-to-date
location dependent information
–  ad-hoc networks for
multi user games
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Applications
  Location aware services
–  what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local
environment
  Follow-on services
–  automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to

the current location
  Information services
–  „push“: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket
–  „pull“: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cherry Cake?
  Support services
–  caches, intermediate results, state information etc. „follow“ the
mobile device through the fixed network
  Privacy
–  who should gain knowledge about the location