Cơ sở lý thuyết hóa học hữu cơ lớp 11

1
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1
– oxit cacbon: CO, CO
2
.
–
–
4
C
3
, CaC
2
, v.v…
–
–
–
–
VD1:
NaHCO
3
CaC
2
HCOONa (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
KCN C

6
H
5
OH CaCO
3
CHCl
3
C
3
H
9
N Al
4
C
3
CO
2
(NH
2
)
2
CO
2
–
–
–
–
–
có xúc tác.
–

2
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1
A)
B)
C)
D)
2
4
, CHCl
3
, KHCO
3
, NH
4
HCO
3
, C
2
H
5
NH
2
, HCN,
CH
3
COONa, C
12
H

22
O
11
, (C
2
H
3
Cl)
n
, CO
2
, (COOH)
2
A) 5. B) 6. C) 7. D) 8.
3
A)
B)
C)
D)
4 CH
3
COOH, CH
2
=CH–CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
–CH=CH

2
, CH
4
,
C
6
H
12
O
6
, (CH
3
)
3
N, CH
A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 6.
5
A) C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
NH

2
, C
12
H
22
O
11
.
B) C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOCH
3
, (CH
3
)
3
N, CH
3
Cl.
C) CH
3
CHO, C
6
H
6
, (COOH)
2
, CH

3
COOC
2
H
3
.
D) C
2
H
3
Cl, NaCN, CH
3
NH
2
, (C
2
H
3
Cl)
n
.
TOPPER. Chú ý
3
VD2: CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C

6
H
6
.
VD3: C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
9
N, CHCl
3
.
3
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6 —C=C—C—O—H
và trong X.

7 –
1,3
A) 5, 3, 9. B) 4, 3, 6.
C) 3, 5, 9. D) 4, 2, 6.

O
H
Etilen: H—C=C—H
H

H
H
H
H
H
8
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
C=C—H
H
H
H
H
H
H
(A)
(B)
4
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4
1
—".
– –
–

•
•
VD4: —C
•
•
5
VD5: CH
2
=CH–CH
3
—C.
VD6:
6
H
6
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C

C
C
C
TOPPER. Chú ý
C
C
C
C
C
C
C—C
5
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6
1
2
cacbon.
3
–
–
TOPPER. Chú ý
4 1);
oxi (2 3); halogen (1).
7
VD7:
2
H
4
H—C=C—H

VD8:
2
H
4
O
2
.
H
H
H—C—C—O—H
H
H
O
H—C—O—C—H
O
H
H
H—C—C—O—H
O
H
H
6
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8
1
–O—H –OH
–N—H –NH
2
H

–C—H –CH
3
H
H
VD: CH
3
–CH
2
–OH CH
3
CH
2
OH.
–C—H –CHO –C—OH –COOH
O O
VD9: —C—C—O—H
H
H
O
—
3
—C—OH
—
3
COOH
O
(A) H—C=C—C—O—H (B) H—C—C—N—C—H
H
H
H

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
2
3
7
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9
2
. Các
VD10:
CH
4
C
2
H
6
C
3
H
8
C
4
H

10
v.v…
+CH
2
+CH
2
+CH
2
2
– hóa khác nhau.
2
H
4
O
2
.
A không
A) CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
, C
4
H

10
. B) C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
, C
5
H
10
.
C) C
6
H
6
, C
7
H
8
, C
8
H
10

, C
9
H
12
. D) C
4
H
4
, C
4
H
6
, C
4
H
8
, C
4
H
10
.
B không
A) CH
3
COOH và HCOOCH
3
.
B) (CH
3
)

2
NH và CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
.
C) CH
3
CH
2
OH và CH
3
OCH
3
.
D) CH
2
=CH–COOH và CH
2
=CH–CH
2
OH.
C
A)
B)
C)
2
.

D)
TOPPER. Chú ý
không.
8
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10
1
VD11: CH
3
CH
2
OH + HBr CH
3
CH
2
Br + HOH
A
B
C D
+
A D
C B
+
o
t
2
3
H
2

O
VD12: CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2
CH
3
CH
3
.
A
B
A
B
+
o
Ni
t
VD13: CH
2
—CH
2
CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2

O
A
B
A
B
+
2 4
o
H SO (®Æc)
180 C
H
O
H
VD14: C
3
H
8
+ 5O
2
3CO
2
+ 4H
2
O
o
t
D
A) CH
4
+ 3O

2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O.
B) C
4
H
10
CH
4
+ C
3
H
6
.
C) C
2
H
4
+ HBr C
2
H
5
Br.
D) CH
3
COOC
2

H
5
+ NaOH CH
3
COONa + C
2
H
5
OH.
o
t
o
Ni
t
9
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E
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
(E) (F)
H—C—C—C—O—H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H—C—C—C—H
H

H
O
H
H
H
H
H—C—N—C—H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H—C—O—C—H
H
H
O
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H

C—O—H
O
TOPPER. Chú ý
F
A)
2
.
B)
2
C)
2
D)
G
(1) CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2
O CH
3
CH
2
OH.
(2) C
2
H
6
+ Cl
2

C
2
H
5
Cl + HCl.
(3) CH
2
O
2
O.
(4) CH
3
CH
2
Cl + NaOH CH
3
CH
2
OH + NaCl.
(5) CH
3
CHO + H
2
CH
3
CH
2
OH.
(6) CH
3

COOH + C
2
H
5
OH HCOONa + CH
3
OH.
(7) HCOOCH
3
+ NaOH HCOONa + H
2
O.
(8) CH
3
NH
2
+ HCl CH
3
NH
3
Cl.
(9) CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
=CH

2
+ CH
4
.
(A) (B) (C)
10
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Câu
1
B
2
C
3
B
4
B
5
B
6
7
A
8
Câu
9
A
D
B
D
C

B
D
D
E
F
B
G
6 7 + 2
8
9 (a) CH
2
=CH–CH
2
OH; (b) CH
3
CH
2
NHCH
3
.
E (a) CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH (b) CH
3
CHOHCH
3 3

)
2
CHOH
(c) CH
3
NHCH
3 3
)
2
NH (d) CH
2
=CH
(e) HCOOCH
3
. (f)
G
COOH