Lớp 12 Ôn tập hóa hữu cơ lớp 11

8
9
10
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s

s
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1 vòng
(1 + 1 (1 + 2 )
k = 1 k = 1 k = 2
VD: CH
3
–CH
2
–CH
3
k = 0.
CH=CH
2
k = 5.

x
H
y
O
z
N
t
X

v
*
•
•
•
k' = k + 1.
không
x
H
y
O
z
:
(2x t) (y v)
k 1
2
(*)
2x y
k 1
2
VD:
3
H
8
có
3 2 8
k 1 0
2
s
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R—G
VD: Trong C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH thì C
6
H
5
CH
2
–
VD: CH
2
=CHCH
2
—Cl + NaOH CH
2
=CHCH
2
—OH + NaCl.
CTCT
CTCT
halogen
–X
(X = halogen)
–X halogen

CH
3
Cl
Ancol –O—H –OH
CH
3
OH
–CHO
CH
3
CHO
Axit
cacboxylic
–COOH cacboxyl
CH
3
COOH
Este –COO– este
CH
3
COOCH
3
Amin
–NH
2
amin
CH
3
NH
2

–C—H
O
–C—OH
O
–C—OH
O
–N—H
H
– k = k
R
+ k
G R
và k
G
VD:
HD: k = 1.
k 2

s
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• VD: CH
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COOH, …
• VD: CH
2

=CHCH
2
OH, HCOOCH=CH
2
, …
• VD: C
6
H
5
COOH, …

• VD: CH
3
OH, C
6
H
5
COOCH
3
, …
• VD: HOCH
2
CH
2
OH, (COOH)
2
, …
• VD: H
2
NCH

2
COOH, …



–OH –CHO –COOH –COO–
"ol" "al" "oic" "oat"
Ancol
Anđehit
Axit cacboxylic
Este
–
CH
4
C
2
H
6
C
3
H
8
C
4
H
10
C
5
H
12

C
6
H
14

C
7
H
16
metan etan propan butan pentan hexan heptan
s
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1
(a) CH
2
=CH–CH
3
(b) CH
2
=CH–C–CH
3
(c) CH
3
–C
3
(d) CH
2
=CH–CH=O
(e) (f)
2

(a) C
3
H
8
O. (b) C
3
H
6
. (c) C
4
H
8
O
2
.
(d) C
2
H
5
OH. (e) (CH
3
)
3
COH. (f) C
6
H
12
O
6
.

(g) C
3
H
7
Cl. (h) C
2
H
7
N. (i) C
2
H
5
NO
2
.
3
3
CH
2
OH + Na CH
3
CH
2
ONa + ½H
2
.
3
CH
2
OH là

A) CH
3
. B) OH. C) ONa. D) CHO.
4
3
CHO + Ag
2
O CH
3
COOH + 2Ag.
3
CHO là
A) CH
3
. B) CHO. C) CH
3
COOH. D) OH.
5
A) HCOOC
2
H
5
. B) CH
3
CH
2
OH.
C) CH
3
CH

2
COOH. D) HCHO.
6

A) HCOOCH
3
. B) CH
3
COOH.
C) CH
3
COOCH
3
. D) CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
7 không
(A) HCOOH. (B) CH
3
COOH.
(C) HCOOCH
3
. (D) HOOC–COOH.
O
O=C—OH
CH

2
—O—C—CH
3
CH—O—C—CH
3
O
O
CH
2
—O—C—CH=CH
2
O
s
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8
A) HCOOCH
3
, CH
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
B) HCOOH, HCHO, HCOOCH
3
.
C) HCOOCH

3
, CH
3
COOCH
3
, CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
D) CH
3
COOH, CH
2
=CHCOOH, C
6
H
5
COOCH
3
.
9
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A HOOC–CH
2
CH
2

–
A) B)
C) D)
B
2
=CHCOOH. X là axit
A)
B)
C)
D)
C
3
CH
2
CHO là
(A) propanal. (B) etanal.
(C) axit propanoic. (D) propanol.
D
3
)
2
CH–CH
2
OH là
(A) 2–metylpropan–3–ol. (B) butan–1–ol.
(C) 2–metylpropan–1–ol. (D) butan–2–ol.
E
3

là

(A) etyl fomat. (B) metyl axetat.
(C) metyl fomat. (D) etyl axetat.
F
(A) HCOOCH
3
. (B) CH
3
COOCH
3
.
(C) CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
. (D) CH
2
=CH – COOCH
3
.
s
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VD1:
(a) C
4
H
10
. (b) C
3

H
6
O
2
(a)
4
H
10
là C
4
H
10
3
– CH
2
– CH
2
– CH
3
(2) CH
3
– CH – CH
3
(3) CH
3
– C – CH
3
(b)
3
H

6
O
2
là C
3
H
6
O
2

3
H
6
O
2
C
3
H
6
O
2
3
– CH
2
– COOH.
2
H
5
; CH
3

COOCH
3
.
2.4 10
k 1 0
2
2.3 6
k 1 1
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
G
(a) C
5
H
12
. (b) C
4
H
8
. (c) C
4
H
10
O. (d) C
4

H
8
O
2
H
(a) C
3
H
8
. (b) C
3
H
7
Cl. (c) C
3
H
8
O. (d) C
3
H
9
N.
s
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VD2:
a = 1.
C
n
H
2n

O.
VD3:

k
R
= 1.
k
G
•
C
n
H
2n–4
O
4
.

C
n
H
2n+2–2k
O
a
VD4:
2
H
3
2
H
3

O)
n
hay C
2n
H
3n
O
n
.
k
R
= 0.
có n nhóm CHO k
G
=n
2 2n 3n n
k 1 1
2 2
k n
1
2
và k = 2 C
4
H
6
O
2
.
1 2
s

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I
J
K
L
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
M
2
s
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Câu
1
2
3
B
4
B
5
D
6
B

7
C
8
C
Câu
9
A
B
B
A
C
A
D
C
E
C
F
C
1 (a) k = 1; (b), (c) và (d) k=2; (e) k = 5; (f) k = 4.
2 (a), (d), (e), (g), (h) k = 0; (b), (c), (f), (i) k = 1.
9 (a) k = 0; (b) k = 1; (c) k = 0; (d) k = 2.
G (a) C
5
H
12
C – C – C – C – C
C – C – C – C
(b) C
4
H

8
(c) C
4
H
10
C – C – C – C – OH

C – O – C – C – C C – O – C – C
C – C – O – C – C

C
C – C – C
C
C
C – C – C = C C – C = C – C C – C = C
C
C – C – C – OH
C
C – C – C – C
OH
C – C – C
C
OH
C
s
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(d) C
4
H
8

O
2
C – C – C – COOH C – C – COOH
HCOO – C – C – C HCOO – C – C
C – COO – C – C C – C – COO – C
C
C
H (a) C
3
H
8
C – C – C
(b) C
3
H
7
C – C – C – Cl C – C – Cl
(c) C
3
H
8
C – C – C – OH C – C – OH
C – O – C – C
(d) C
3
H
9
C – C – C – NH
2
C – C – NH

2
C – C – NH – C C – N – C
C
C
C
C
I C
n
H
2n – 4
J C
n
H
2n – 2
O
2
K C
n
H
2n – 8
O
L (a) C
n
H
2n

+ 2
O
(b) C
n

H
2n
O
(c) C
n
H
2n + 2
O
3
(d) C
n
H
2n – 2
O
2
(e) C
n
H
2n – 2
O
(f) C
n
H
2n

– 4
O
4
(g) C
n

H
2n
O
2
(h) C
n
H
2n – 4
O
4
(i) C
n
H
2n + 3
N
(j) C
n
H
2n

+ 2
N
2
M C
2
H
2
O
4