Education and training in the development of high quality human resource in vietnam at present (TT)

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

LUONG CONG LY

EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN
VIETNAM AT PRESENT
Specialism

: CNDVBC & CNDVLS

Code

: 62 22 80 05

SUMMARY PHD THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY

HA NOI - 2014


The PhD thesis is completed
At Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration

Academic Supervisor: Assoc. Prof., Dr. VU HONG SON

The PhD thesis is defensed 1:

The PhD thesis is defensed 2:

The PhD thesis is defensed 3:

The PhD thesis will be defensed in front of a jury and marked by at
Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration.
At ... h..... 2014

The PhD thesis is available in National Library and the National Academy of Politics
and Public Administration's library Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and

Public Administration.


1
INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity of the research
In Vietnam and in the world as well, it has long been thought that the success or
failure, existence or death, and decadence or prosperity of a nation deeply depends on
the nation’s human resources. In the context of rapid development of advanced
scientific and technological revolution, knowledge economy and globalisation,
countries are paying more attention to the development of high-quality human
resources. Human resources have become a competitive advantage of numerous
countries world-wide. Thus, countries are increasingly attaching greater importance
to bringing into full play the role of education and training to develop and enhance
the quality of human resources, taking full advantages of internal forces in the
situation of fiercer competition among countries all over the world

under the

framework of the present globalisation.
After more than twenty five years of adopting renovation policies in the socialist
orientation that the Party initiated and led, Vietnam’s revolution has obtained

considerable achievements of historical significance. The country has overcome
socio-economic crisis and entered a new development era: accelerating national
industrialisation and modernisation, and taking steady steps towards the socialist
path. These achievements have set forth fundamental conditions for as well as
requires the development of human resources, especially the high-quality human
resources to facilitate the country in the new era of development.
In the national renovation process, the high-quality human resources have made
a rapid growth, making essential contributions to the national achievements of
historical significance in all fields of social life. Education and training has played an
overriding important and decisive role to the development of the country’s human
resources. Resolution of the 2nd plenary session of the 8th Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Vietnam states that: “Developing education and training is the
national top policy”, aiming to train human resources that meets rising requirements.
The 11th Party Congress also specified a strategic breakthrough: “Rapidly developing
the human resources, particularly high-quality human resources, concentrating on the


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fundamental and comprehensive renewal of the national education; incorporating the
development of human resources with the development and application of science
and technology” [49, p.106].
In the past years, our education sector in general and universities have produced
a strong contingent of engineers, BSc, MA, and doctors in the fields of economy,
politics, education and training, culture, and social affairs…satisfying requirements
for high-quality human resources to hasten the national industrialisation and
modernisation. Nevertheless, Vietnam’s education and training sector still witnesses
shortcomings.

Content,

curricula,

teaching

method,

management

forces,

mechanism, policy as well as environment, conditions, and equipment and
facilities for the cause of education and training to foster a high-quality human
resources remain limited, failing to meet the real demands. The quality of
education and training, especially at higher level which is directly involved in the
education and training of the high-quality human resources, is generally low. The
qualification and professionalism of graduates remains limited, their adaptability
to the reality is still weak; our human resources remains few in quantity and
limited in quality whereas mechanism is inadequate. These demonstrate
shortcomings and limitations of our education and training sector which fails to
manifest its role in developing the nation’s high-quality human resources.
The development of high-quality human resources depends on a number of
factors, in which the role of education and training is of overriding importance.
Hence, it is a pressing issue for the nation’s education and training sector in general
and universities in particular to produce high-quality human resources to satisfy the
demands for speeding up the nation’s industrialisation, modernisation and
international integration in the new era, contributing to realising the target to
basically turn Vietnam into a modernity-oriented industrial country by 2020, and to
successfully build up a society of wealthy people, prosperous nation, democracy,
justice, and civilisation as our Party has stated.
These issues are increasingly pressing to our nation on those days, in terms of

both theoretical and practical perspectives and demanding for a thorough study. With


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that in mind, the author has selected the subject “Education and training in the
development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present” as the
specialism of this thesis.
2. Purpose and task of the research
2.1. Purpose
The thesis clarifies fundamental theoretical matters and the real situation of the
education and training to the development of high-quality human resources;
recommends a number of directions and solutions to bring into full play the role of
education and training in the development of high-quality human resources in
Vietnam at present.
2.2. Task
- Clarifying theoretical ground related to the development of high-quality human
resources and the role of education and training in the development of high-quality
human resources in Vietnam at present.
- Clarifying the real situation of the role of education and training in the
development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present.
- Proposing a number of essential directions and solutions to bring into full play
the role of education and training in the development of high-quality human
resources in Vietnam at present.
3. Subject and scope of the research
3.1. Subject
The thesis concentrates on studying and clarifying the role of education and
training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present.
3.2. Scope
- The thesis does not study the whole matters of the development of high-quality
human resources as well as those of the education and training sector, but studies the

role of education and training in the development of human resources in our country;
concentrating the study in universities in Vietnam at present.


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- Studying the realities of the role of education and training in the development of
high-quality human resources in certain universities in Vietnam at present.
- In term of time scope, the thesis studies the role of education and training in the
development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam from 1986 to present.
4. Research methods
The study is based on theoretical foundation of the Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi
Minh Thoughts, standpoints, paths of the Party and policies of the State of Vietnam
on the development strategies of education and training, and the development of
human resources, and high-quality human resources in Vietnam. The study applies
the methodology of the Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thoughts; incorporates
theory and practice, properly employs analysis and synthesis methods; logic and
history, sociological study, and practical recapitulation are major methods applied in
the study of this thesis.
5. New findings of the research
- The thesis explains more clearly the role of education and training in the
development of human resources in Vietnam at present.
- Based on achievements, shortcomings and matters arise from the reality, the
thesis proposes a number of fundamental directions and solutions to bring into full
play the role of education and training in the development of high-quality human
resources in Vietnam at present.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the research
6.1. Theoretical significance
The thesis explains more obviously theory of human resources, high-quality human
resources and the role of education and training in the development of high-quality
human resources in Vietnam at present. The thesis provides scientific grounds to the

implementation of directions and solutions to bring into full play the role of education
and training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present.
6.2. Practical significance
- The new findings of the thesis can be used as reference to planning and
implementing policies to develop the role of education and training in universities in


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Vietnam at present.
- The thesis can be a useful reference for lecturers, education managers and
pupils, and students in universities in Vietnam at present.
7. Conclusion
The thesis consists of introduction, four chapters, nine sections, conclusion, list
of reference and appendix.

Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE SAME SUBJECT OF THE THESIS

1.1. Studies on human resources and the role of education and training of
human resources
The issue of high-quality human resources and the education and training of
human resources has been a great concern of numerous scientists and researchers in
countries world-over in different fields of science. A number of typical works related
to the issue in China such as: Liang You Jia (2006), Book Talent management,
Publishing House of Zhong Shan University, Quang Dong, China, Shen Rong Hua
and Wu Guo Miao (2008), Book A Respect for Intelligentsia and Talented People – A
Hundred-Year Master Plan for the Restoration and Development of the Country,
National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Wang Hui Yao (2010) Book National
Strategy - Talents Change the World, China’s People Press; Liu Xiao Ping (2011),
Book The Theories and Practices of Human Resources Assessment, Sun Yat-sen

University Press; Wang Chong (2012), Book The Quality of Economic Growth in
Western China in Association with the Usage of Rural Human Resources, China’s
People Press. Typical authors in other countries include Okuhira Yasuhiro (1994),
Book Japan’s Politics and Economy, National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi;
Kim, Jang-ho (2005), Book New Paradigm of Human Resources Development:
Government Initiatives for Economic Growth and Social Integration in Korea,
KRIVET, Seoul, 135949, Korea; the book Li Guang Yao 40 Nian Zheng Lun Xuan
(Lee Kuan Yew’s Political Writings of 40 Years) (1994), National Political


6
Publishing House, Ha Noi; PhD thesis on Party construction Training, Fostering a
Leading Contingent Managing the Party and State Economic Performance in Lao at
Present, National Political Academy, Ha Noi by Sinkham Phommaxay (2003)...
Concepts, features and the role of the high-quality human resources, talents,
intellectuality, the importance of education and training, as well as issues related to
the use of talented personnels and the development of high-quality human resources
are reflected comprehensively in the works mentioned above. These foundations
enable the author to acquire, inherit, and continue studying and specifying in the
author’s thesis.
In Vietnam, there are many studies on high-quality human resources and the role
of education and training of human resources, noticeably: Pham Minh Hac (lead
author – 1996), Study The issue of human beings in the cause of national
industrialisation and modernisation; Pham Tat Dong (2005), Book Vietnam’s
intellectuality, reality and prospect, lead author, National Political Publishing House,
Ha Noi; Nguyen Dac Hung (2007), Book Developing talents to strengthen the nation,
National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Nguyen An Ninh (2009), Book
Bringing into full play the potential of Vietnam’s socio-science intellectuality,
National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Vu Van Phuc, Nguyen Duy Hung (Coauthors - 2012), Developing human resources to meet the demands of
industrialisation, modernisation and international integration, National Political

Publishing House, Ha Noi.
1.2. Studies on the status of high-quality human resources
Pham Tat Dong, (Lead author - 2005), Study Scientific foundation for policies to
take full advantage of the capability of labour and creation of intellectual circle and
students, Ministerial-level; Le Du Phong, (Lead author - 2006), Book Resource and
driving force of development in the socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam,
Political Theory Publishing House; Ngo Huy Tiep, (Lead author - 2009), Book
Renewing the Party’s leadership mode towards the country’s intellectual circle at
present, National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Nguyen Van Khanh, (Lead
author - 2012), Book Resource of Vietnam’s intelligence, history, status quo and


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prospect, National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Duong Vinh Suong (2012),
Article Education, training to the development of human resources for the cause of
industrialisation, modernisation, Communist Journal, issue number (833).
1.3. Studies on direction and solutions to bring into full play the role of
education and training in the development of high-quality human resources
There are numerous scientific works, through different approaches and scopes of
study, studying directions and solutions to develop high-quality human resources and
the role of education and training of human resources in Vietnam. Of note: The
Communist Party of Vietnam (2008), Resolution of the 7th plenary session of the
10th Central Committe of the Communist Party of Vietnam on“The development of a
contingent of intellectuals in the period of accelerating the nation’s industrialisation
and modernisation”; Nguyen Manh Huong, (Lead author - 2012), Study Building up
a contigent of military intellectuals in the renewal period, Ministerial-level (Ministry
of National Defence); Nguyen Duy Bac, (Lead author - 2013), Ministerial-level study
Characteristics of Vietnamese people to the training of high-quality human resources
in Vietnam at present, National Academy of Politics and Public Administration; Ta
Ngoc Tan (Lead author - 2012), The development of education and training of human

resources, and talents, world experience, National Political Publishing House, Ha
Noi; Bui Manh Nhi (2012), Fundamental and comprehensive renovation of
Vietnam’s education and training, Journal of Political Theory Information, a bulletin
of the Central Theoretical Council, issue number (49) (122).
The studies indicate a relatively adequate and comprehensive picture of highquality human resources, in terms of both theoretical and practical perspectives, the
development of high-quality human resources, particularly the role of education and
training in the development of our country’s high-quality human resources through
different periods of time, especially the renewal period. The author will inherit,
employ and develop these study results in the author’s study. They further provide
the author with scentific grounds to clarify the thesis’s areas of study. However, due
to the approach and scope of research of each work, none of the studies mentioned
above present systematically, comprehensively and specifically education and


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training with the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present.
The gap of theory and practice, as well as the importance of studies in the new era
has been a pressing issue, urging the author to concentrate on “Education and
training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at
present” to develop the author’s thesis.
Chapter 2
HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE ROLE OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN
RESOURCES IN VIETNAM AT PRSENT

2.1. High-quality human resources and the importance of developing highquality human resources in Vietnam at present
2.1.1. Concept of human resources, high-quality human resources and the
development of high-quality human resources
* The concept of human resources
Based on a synthetic and comprehensive examination and approach of human

beings and human being factors and based on a number of concepts available, the
author provides a concept as follows: Human resources are a special form of general
resource, a resource of labour forces, include overall factors generating the strength
of human beings and the social community; are the general of quantity and quality of
human beings and mechanism with criteria of physical strength and intellectual
power, creating a capability that can be mobilised to the socio-economic
development.
The human resources consists of current labourers, those in labour age group;
those in the labour age group with normal health, unemployed; those who are
entering the labour force, or in waiting list, ensuring to meet criteria of physical
strength and intellectual power, creating a capability that can be mobilised to the
socio-economic development. Those who are unable to work are not included in the
connotation of this concept.


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The human resources has an essential role to be both the driving force and target
of the nation’s socio-economic development.
* The concept and criteria of high-quality human resources
- The concept:
Based on the concept of human resources and reality, the thesis puts forward a
concept as follows: High-quality human resources is the high-quality component of
the human resources, demonstrating the strength and “leading”, key role in all
socio-economic performances of the country, the region, locality and areas in each
particular period of time.
- Assessment criteria (qualitative, quantitative) of high-quality human resources
in Vietnam at present.
Based on the Party’s standpoints and the status of human resources, the
country’s high-quality human resources can be considered to include: The competent
leaders and managers; specialists and business managers; skilled labourers; scientific

and technological personnels. Quantity is the “material essence”, indicating the size
of the human resources. Quality is a factor of enormous content, reflecting the
comprehensive qualification shown mainly through criteria of quality, qualification,
and capability of human force. Mechanism is an important indicator generating the
quality and strength of the human resources.
Quantitative perspective: Human resources comprises those of education,
intelligence, and working capability higher than the general human resources of the
country. The quantity of the high-quality human resources should be suitable with the
size of the country’s human resources.
Qualitative perspective: High-quality human resources currently comprise those
with an education background from higher level or skilled workers with an education
background from secondary vocational training; those of professional and technical
qualification higher than the average of the country’s human resources; those of good
practical qualifcation and capability, are innovative, flexible, and able to attract and
lead the collective, community in the production, and scientific, political, and social


10
activities; those are in good health to be able to operate in social areas; with a proper
mechanism in accordance with the demand for socio-economic development.
Quantitative and qualitative matters mentioned above closely incorporate,
indicating the quality of this human resources which is more comprehensive and
higher than the rest of the country’s human resources. Nevertheless, the reality
indicates that the criteria mentioned above should be considered flexibly and
specifically in regard to each category of human resources in each particular area, to
specify who are included in the connotation of the high-quality human resources; and to
avoid unilateral judgment.
* Developing high-quality human resources
The thesis asserts that: Developing high-quality human resources is a general
operation of the Party, State and the whole society as well as labourers, with

compatible contents, forms, methods, mechanisms, and policies, particularly
education and training in order to create a high-quality human resources with
sufficient quantity and proper mechanism, and at the same time to mobilise and bring
into full play the role of high-quality human resources in the cause of renewal,
national construction and defence in the new era.
This is a dialectical process: firstly, the process of education and training to
foster each person and the whole high-quality human resources; secondly, the process
of using, managing and supplementing new personnels to the high-quality human
resources in accordance with practical need; thirdly, the process of mobilising and
bringing into full play the role of this human resources in reality. The target of
development is to generate a high-quality human resources meeting the real demands;
and to mobilise and bring into full play the role of this resouce. Content of the
development should be comprehensive in terms of quality, quantity, and mechanism.
Forms and measures include activities of planning, resource generation, education
and training, management, usage; commendation and reward, discipline; environment
creation; mechanism, policy and regulations of treatment; bringing into full play the
role and responsibility of subjects and of labourers of high-quality; attaching much
attention to education and training, that’s the decisive phase. Subject of the


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development of high-quality human resources in the new era are the Party, the State,
the whole society and the labourers.
2.1.2. The importance of developing high-quality human resources in Vietnam
at present
Firstly, developing high-quality human resources is a decisive factor to the
economic growth; to poverty reduction; and to accelerate social advancement and
justice.
Secondly, developing high-quality human resources is a pressing demand of the
reality, of the knowledge market, of the renewal cause to strengthen the country.

2.2. Concept, role, factors affecting and requirement of education and
training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at
present
2.2.1. The concept of education and training to the development of highquality human resources in Vietnam at present
* Concept of education and training
Education and training is a self-conscious, purposive activity of subjects that
systematically influences the spiritual and physical development, the formation and
cultivation of personality, quality and competence, professionalism of the subjects,
meeting the demands for social development. Direct subject of education and training
is the national education system and the teaching staff. The national education system
comprises regular education; education at all levels; pre-school education, general
education, vocational training, higher and post-graduate education. Target of
education is physical and mental development, the formation and cultivation of
personality, quality and competence, and professionalism. In the case of Vietnam,
education aims to educate Vietnamese people with a comprehension of morality,
intelligence, health, aestheticism and occupation, satisfying demands for the national
construction and defense. Content, curricula, methods of education are basic matters
reflecting knowledge, competence, qualification that need to be obtained, as well as
learning and teaching methods at each level and category of education and training.
Advantages and disadvantages of academic, technical and technological education


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and training should be thoroughly acknowledged and properly handled when
determining content, curricula, method renewal at universities at present.
* The concept of education and training of high-quality human resources
The thesis defines that: Education and training is a self-conscious, purposive
activity of subjects that systematically influences the spiritual and physical
development, the formation and cultivation of personality, quality and competence,
professionalism of the subjects, meeting the demands for social development.

Education and training has an overriding important and irreplaceable position.
Currently, many countries regard education and training as a national top policy.
2.2.2. The role of education and training in the development of high-quality
human resources in Vietnam at present
Firstly,

education

and

training

providers

learners

with

knowledge,

professionalism, and mental competence to satisfy the demands of socio-economic
development.
Secondly, education and training assists learners to develop and complete
personality, professional ethics, and to improve physical fitness to meet the national
develoment demands.
Thirdly, education and training provides learners with scientific modes of work
and rapid adaptability to changes of both national and international working
environments.
2.2.3. Factors affecting the education and training of high-quality human
resource

The thesis analyses major factors: Firstly, impacts of mechanisms and policies
promulgated by the Party and the State; secondly, impacts of socio-economic
conditions; thirdly, impacts of cultural conditions, psychology, practice and customs;
forthly, impacts of international integration; fifthly, impacts of education and training,
scientific and technological research and application; sixthly, impacts of biological
factors.
2.2.4. Requirements for education and training in the development of highquality human resources in Vietnam at present


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Firstly, must directly serve the requirements for national socio-economic
development.
Secondly, must ensure unity between theory and practie, study and practice.
Thirdly, must ensure unity between tradition and modernity.

Chapter 2’s conclusion
High-quality human resources comprise those with an education background
from higher level, skilled workers with an education background from secondary
vocational training; those of professional and technical qualification higher than the
average level; those of good health; those of good practical qualification and
capability, and able to attract and lead the collective, community in the production,
and scientific, political, and social activities.
Developing high-quality human resources is a pressing issue; a decisive factor to
the economic growth; to poverty reduction; and to accelerate social advancement and
justice. That is general operation of the Party, State, the political system, the whole
society, and labourers, with compatible contents, forms, methods, mechanisms, and
policies, particularly education and training in order to create a high-quality human
resources with sufficient quantity and proper mechanism, and at the same time to
mobilise and bring into full play the role of high-quality human resources in the cause
of renewal, national construction and defence in the new era.

Education and training has an overriding important position in the development
of high-quality human resources in Vietnam. Developing high-quality human
resources in Vietnam at present is influenced by many factors, both subjective and
objective, social and biological, thus, cautious and thorough considerations should be
taken in the implementation of solutions to developing high-quality human resources
education and training activities. Satisfying socio-economic demands; and
harmonising theory and practice, study and practice, and tradition and modernity are
basic requirements for education and training in the development of high-quality
human resources in the new era, which should be fully understood and well
implemented in reality.


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Chapter 3
EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHQUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN VIETNAM AT PRESENT – REALITY
AND ISSUES RAISED

3.1. The real performance of the role of education and training in the
development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present
3.1.1. Achievements of and causes for the performance of the role of education
and training in the development of high-quality human resources
* Achievement:
Firstly, education and training has foster produced high-quality human resources
of knowledge, professional competence, and scientific thinking, initially fulfilling
requirements for national development. These achievements are manifested as
follows:
Content, curricula, methods of high-quality human resources education and
training have initially satisfied requirements to equip learners with knowledge,
professional qualification and scientific thinking. The provision of knowledge,
professional qualification and scientific thinking for learners have been given a

special attention by the Party, State and universities. Teaching staff, and education
managers generally fulfill demands for providing learners with knowledge,
professional qualification and scientific thinking; and material facilities are
increasingly improved.
Secondly, education and training has initially promoted its role in developing and
completing personality, professional ethics, and physical fitness of high-quality
human resources, fulfilling demands for the national development. This achievement
is manifested through: Content, curricula, and methods of education and training has
closely followed general targets for developing, completing personality, professional
ethics, and physical fitness and concretised every individual subject and school. The
Party, and State have regularly paid due attention to developing the education and
training of high-quality human resources in regard to personality, professional ethics


15
and physical fitness. Teaching staff, and education managers generally fulfill
demands for providing learners with knowledge, professional qualification and
scientific thinking; and material facilities are increasingly improved. Students have
attached much importance to the regular and serious self-exercise of physical fitness
and health.
Thirdly, education and training has enabled learners to develop scientific
working methods and to be highly adaptable to both domestic and international
working environments. This achievement is presented through: Curricula, content and
methods are relatively reasonable, concerning about cultivating learners with
scientific working methods and adaptability to both domestic and international
working environments. The Party, State as well as the Ministry of Education and
Training always attach special importance to foster learners with scientific working
methods and adaptability to both domestic and international working environments.
Teaching staff, managers; material facilities for practice, research, application, and
for improving scientific working methods and adaptability to national and

international working environments initially meet the real demands. Students have
attempted to train themselves with scientific working methods and adaptability to
national and international working environments.
* Causes for achievements:
The thesis concentrates on analysing major causes as follows:
The State, Party and the whole society concern about education and training, the
development of human resources in general, and high-quality human resources in
particular.
Our people are possessed of traditional fondness for learning, are of fine
characteristics and virtue.
Socio-economic conditions require and create favourable conditions for the
development of education and training to develop human resources.
Efforts of education institutes, teaching staff and education managers.
3.1.2. Limitations and causes for the performance of the role of education and
training in the development of high-quality human resources


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* Limitations:
Firstly, the provision and fostering of knowledge, professional qualification,
thinking, and working methods to develop high-quality human resources still exposes
limitations and shortcomings. There is still a gap of education content, curricula, and
methods between Vietnam and the world, falling short of requirements for
developing high-quality human resources. Care for the provision and fostering of
knowledge, professional qualification, thinking, and working methods for highquality human resources remains limited and inadequate. The provision and fostering
of knowledge, professional qualification, thinking, and working methods for learners
by teaching staff and education managers remains limited. Material facilities for
education and training to provide and foster knowledge, professional qualification,
thinking, and working methods for high-quality human resources are still insufficient
and backward at many schools. Professional competence and practical performances

of high-quality human resources including those holding academic degree and title
are still limited.
Secondly, the education of personality, professional ethics, and physical exercise
has not been given due attention to. The Party and State’s attention to the education
of personality, professional ethics, and physical exercise remains inadequate.
Determination to improve oneself, to overcome difficulties and hardship, to make
contributions of students and high-quality personnel is quite complicated. The
education and improvement of physical health for learners falls short of proper
conditions and is improperly considered.
Thirdly, the provision of scientific working methods and adaptability to national
and international working environments to learners is still low. The provision of
scientific working methods and adaptability to national and international working
environments to learners has not been paid due attention to. The implementation of
Party and State’s policies on providing learners with scientific working methods
remains ineffective. Teaching staff, education managers; material facilities for the
provision of scientific working methods and adaptability to national and international
working environments are still limited, falling short of actual requirements.


17
* Causes of limitations:
Major causes should be taking into account as follows:
Awareness of the role of high-quality human resources and of education and
training in the development of these human resources of the Party, the State and the
society remains limited.
Mechanism, policy and management methods are still inadequate, and slow to be
resolved.
Material facilities, study and practice conditions for learners remain limited and
insufficient; students still have a lack of awareness of self-study.
3.2. Contradictions need to be solved in bringing into full play the role of

education and training in the development of high-quality human resources in
Vietnam at present
3.2.1. Contradiction between the requirement to have a contingent of
education and training staff for the development of high-quality human resources
and limitations of this contingent in universities in Vietnam at present
The development of high-quality human resources is impossible without a
satisfactory contingent of edudcation and straining staff. The current contingent
possesses numerous strengths, however, still indicates weaknesses, insufficient
quantity, inadequate mechanism, and poor quality. Settling these contraditions is of
essential importance, requiring the establishment of a strong contingent of competent
education and training staff for the training of high-quality human resources.
3.2.2. Contradition between the requirements to have a sound environment for
the education and training of high-quality human resources with the backwardness
of education and training environment at universities in Vietnam at present
A democratic, sound, impartial, and serious environment is essential to the
education and training of high-quality human resources in universities. Such an
environment in our country remains closed, lack of democracy and equality, full of
negations, and subsidy-heavy, and does not create conditions for teaching staff to
uphold their capability and for learners to develop their self-consciousness. Resolving
this contradition is purely creating environments, calling for great efforts of the whole


18
society, the whole education and training system, particularly universities on the basis
of new ideologies of education and training.
3.2.3. Contradition between the high demand of education and training in the
market economy with the stability of education and training of high-quality human
resources in universities in Vietnam at present
The dynamism of the market economy creates favourable conditions for and
impluses the dynamism of education and training of high-quality human resources in

universities. Nevertheless, the education and training work in universities maintains
long-term stability and fairly big stagnations. This contradition requires a
fundamental and comprehensive renovation of education and training in universities.
3.2.4. Contradition between the requirement to have high-quality human
resources with shortcomings of mechanism, and policies for education and training
of high-quality human resources in universities in Vietnam at present
In Vietnam at present, mechanism and policies related to education and training of
high-quality human resources in universities have not been built synchronously, properly
and efficiently. The role, responsibility, task and rights of education and training subjects
have not been clearly instituted, limiting driving forces and resources for improving
education and training quality in universities. Addressing this contradiction requires a
fundamental and comprehensive renewal of education and training mechanism and
policies to make them synchronous, proper and efficient, well satisfying the real
demands.
3.2.5. Contradiction between enterprise’s high demand for high-quality
human resources with inadequate quality of university graduates in Vietnam at
present
This contradiction manifests in the fact that: universities have not “produced”
products that can satisfy and quickly adapt to needs which are increasingly higher and
stricter of labour users; graduates have not met the demands of production and
business. Addressing this contradiction requires thorough understanding of
developing education and training to develop high-quality human resources are a


19
“strategic breakthrough”, and smooth implementation of orientations: standardisation,
modernisation, socialisation, democratisation, and international integration.
Chapter 3’s conclusion
The education and training system in universities in Vietnam at present has
many strengths, however, limitations and shortcomings are still exposed, requiring

intense awareness in the development of high-quality human resources education and
training. Education and training achievements in developing high-quality human
resources deeply present the concern and efforts of the Party, State, levels, sectors,
the whole political system and the whole society in the cause of training people over
the past tens of years, especially in recent years.
However, the education and training to develop high-quality human resources in
Vietnam still reveals numerous limitations and shortcomings. Limitations indicate
that there is a gap between Vietnam’s education and training and that of the world,
and the region, falling short of requirements of high-quality human resources
development. There are many causes for limitations, both subjective and objective,
attention should be paid to subjective causes, especially those related to awareness
and thinking of educating and training high-quality human resources. Contradictions
in educating and training high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present arise
from the reality and newly-emerged demands, they interrelate and need to be
thoroughly grasped and well resolved.

Chapter 4
DIRECTIONS AND SOME MAJOR SOLUTIONS TO BRING INTO
FULL PLAY THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN VIETNAM
AT PRESENT

4.1. Directions to bring into full play the role of education and training in
the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present


20
Firstly, to be fully aware of the standpoint that education and training is
“national top policy”. Therefore, a number of concrete directions should be taken into
consideration: dramatically shift education from heavily imparting knowledge to

shaping personality and developing learners’ ability; build an open education, lifelong learning, in association with learning society, implement modernisation,
standardisation, socialiation, democratisation and international integration; take the
initiative to utilise the market mechanism in parallel with public service development,
and maintain socialist orientation.
Secondly, incorporating the education and training development with the socioeconomic development strategy; and with the high-quality human resources
development strategy in the 2011-2020 period.
4.2. Some fundamental solutions to bring into full play the role of education and
training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present
4.2.1. Accelerating the renovation of education and training content,
curriculum, methods, and forms to develop high-quality human resources in
universities at present
In order to achieve this solution, it should perform well the major contents and
measures as follows:
Firstly, renovate training content and curriculum in the direction of practicality,
modernity, international integration.
Secondly, implement diverse and uniform curricula, ensuring the integration
among training levels.
Thirdly, continue renovating teaching methods in the direction of modernity, and
improving learner’s activeness.
Fourthly, diversify training forms and accelerating study promotion.
4.2.2. Developing the quantity, and raising the quality of education and
training staff to bring into full play the role of education and training in the
development of high-quality human resources in universities at present
In order to work towards this solution, it should perform well some major
contents as follows:


21
Firstly, review the training and managing staff.
Secondly, well perform training curricula and plans, cultivating teaching staff of

professional and vocational practice.
Thirdly, expand the quantity and increasing the quality of post-graduate
education.
4.2.3. Improving the self-consciousness and self-study of both teaching staff
and students; renovating management performance, examining study and practice
results of managers and lecturers
Firstly, enhance the self-consciousness, and self-study of lecturers and students
in universities.
Secondly, renovate management, examining study and practice result in the
education and training of high-quality human resources in schools and at enterprises
that provide probation services in Vietnam at present.
4.2.4. Raising the awareness of the whole society; renovating policies
treasuring the talented people; investing into advanced education and training
facilities; improving international co-operation to bring into full play the role of
education and training in the development of high-quality human resources in
Vietnam at present
Firstly, raise the awareness of the whole society about the role of education and
training in developing high-quality human resources.
Secondly, renovate policies treasuring, fostering and employing the talented.
Thirdly,

set

up

advanced

and

internationally-recognised

education

establishments, conforming Vietnam’s education and training to that of the region
and the world.
Fourthly, develop high-quality education and training system to directly satisfy
the requirements for high-quality human resources.
Fifthly, improve international co-operation in the education and training of highquality human resources.
4.2.5. Accelerating and enhancing the quality of cultivating politics, ideology,
morality, lifestyle, and for students in universities in Vietnam at present


22
In order to achieve this solution, it should perform well the major measures as
follows:
Firstly, speed up and enhance the education quality of Political Theory and Ho
Chi Minh Thoughs subjects, and occupational ethics for students.
Secondly, inherit selectively national and human cultural quintessence to
cultivate students with cultural and moral values.
Thirdly, promoting movements and student exchanges among local schools and
with international schools to enhance political awareness, ideology, morality, and
lifestyle for Vietnamese students.
Fourthly, building infrastructure to improve the quality of

education for

students in universities in Vietnam at present.
Chapter 4’s conclusion
In the new era, to bring into full play the role of education and training in
developing high-quality human resources in Vietnam, it should thoroughly grasp and

well follow directions: education and training is “national top policy”; developing
education and training in accordance with socio-economic and national development
strategy; with high-quality human resources development strategy in the 2011-20
period. Those are fundamental directions and viewpoints that need to be thoroughly
understood in performing solutions to bring into full play the role of education and
training in developing the high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present.
Solutions to bring into full play the role of education and training in the
development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present are fundamental
solutions from awareness to mechanism and policy; from general to concrete matters
directly related to all subjects and objects of the education and training of highquality human resouces in our country. Solutions should be worked out flexibly and
specifically, and should be suitable with the reality, especially in universities to bring
into full play the role of education and training to develop high-quality human
resources in Vietnam in the period of improved industrialiation, modernisation and
international integration.


23
CONCLUSION
1. Human resources play an essential role, being both a target and driving force
of the socio-economic development. High-quality human resources are “elite”,
“spearhead” of the general human resource, including those of higher education and
skilled workers with an education background from secondary vocational training;
those of professional and technical qualification higher than the average; those of
good health; good practical qualification and capability, and able to attract and lead
the collective, community in the production, and scientific, political, and social
activities. Developing high-quality human resources is the general operation of
subjects to produce high-quality human resources with satisfactory quantity,
increasingly improved quality, and proper mechanism, and to uphold and to bring
into full play the role of human resources in the cause of renovation, enhanced
industrialisation, modernisation, and international integration.

2. Education and training has an overriding important position in the
development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam. Requirements of education
and training for the developing of high-quality human resources are to ensure the
unification between theory and practice, study and practice; to develop and complete
personality and occupational ethnics of human beings – high-quality manpower to
meet the demands for national development and to be adaptable to domestic and
international environments.
3. Achievements obtained from the performance of the role of education and
training in the development of high-quality human resources are vividly illustrated
through the concern and efforts of the Party, State, sectors, the politicaly system and
the whole society in the cause of “training people”. This plays an essential, decisive
part in achievements from the cause of national renovation initiated and led by our
Party. However, there still exist gap between Vietnam’s education and training with
that of the world and theregion, falling short of requirements for developing highquality human resources. Among the many causes to limitations, it should pay
attention to sucjetive reasons, especially those related to the awareness and ideology
of education and training in developing high-quality human resources. Contradictions