Thực trạng và giải pháp nhằm phát huy vai trò của phụ nữ dân tộc tày trong phát triển kinh tế hộ gia đình trên địa bàn xã bộc bố huyện pác nặm tỉnh bắc kạn

1
I HC THÁI NGUYÊN
I HC NÔNG LÂM








 tài:
THC TRNG VÀ GII PHÁP NHM PHÁT HUY VAI TRÒ CA PH
N DÂN TC TÀY TRONG PHÁT TRIN KINH T H 
A BÀN XÃ BC B, HUYN PC NM, TNH BC KN


KHÓA LUN TT NGHII HC



H o
:
Chính quy
Chuyên ngành
:
Phát trin nông thôn
Khoa
:
Kinh t & PTNT

Khóa hc
:
2011 - 2015



Thái Nguyên - 2015

2
I HC THÁI NGUYÊN
I HC NÔNG LÂM






DUNG

 tài:
THC TRNG VÀ GII PHÁP NHM PHÁT HUY VAI TRÒ CA PH
N DÂN TC TÀY TRONG PHÁT TRIN KINH T H 
A BÀN XÃ BC B, HUYN PC NM, TNH BC KN


KHÓA LUN TT NGHII HC


H o
:

Chính quy
Chuyên ngành
:
Phát trin nông thôn
Khoa
:
Kinh t & PTNT
Lp
:
K43 - PTNT
Khóa hc
:
2011 - 2015
Ging ving dn
:
ng Th Bích Hu



Thái Nguyên - 2015
i
L

 tài tt nghip Thc trng và gii pháp nhm phát huy vai trò ca ph
n dân tc Tày trong phát trin kinh t h    a bàn xã Bc B,
huyn Pác Nm, tnh Bc Knchuyên nghành Phát trin nông thôn là công trình
nghiên cu c  dng thông tin t nhiu ngun khác nhau, các
thông tin có sc trích rõ ngun gc.
ng các s liu và kt qu nghiên c tài
này là trung thc s dng trong bt kì mt công trình nghiên cu khoa

hc nào. ng mi s  trong vic thc hi 
c c và các thông tin trích d c ch rõ ngun gc.


Sinh viên













ii
LI C

c s nht trí ca ban giám hing, Ban ch nhim khoa Kinh t
và Phát tri    i hc Nông Lâm Thái Nguyên, sau khi hoàn
thành khóa hc  n hành thc tp tt nghip t

 , 





,  i  tài: Thc trng và gii pháp nhm phát huy vai
trò ca ph n dân tc Tày trong phát trin kinh t h a bàn xã
Bc B, huyn Pác Nm, tnh Bc Kn
Khóa luc hình thành nh s  ca th
quan và nhà ng.
Tôi xin chân thành ci h
to, ging d tôi trong sut thi gian hc tp, nghiên cu tng.
Tôi xin chân thành c     ng Th Bích Hu, ging viên
khoa Kinh t c ting dn và ch bo tn tình tôi trong
quá trình thc hi ng thi tôi xin chân thành cy cô giáo
o mu ki tôi.
Tôi xin chân thành c  c

, các ban ngành cùng
nhân dân o mu ki tôi trong quá trình thc hi tài.

Sinh viên

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iii
DANH MC CÁC BNG
Trang
2.1 












 4
Bng 4.1:Tình hình s dt xã Bc B - 2014 25
4.2:  27
4.3:  

2012  2014 28
4.4: 











2012 - 2014 . 29
4.5: u dân s phân theo dân tc và gi






  32
4.6: , 33
2014 33
4.7: 





 36
4.8: 









 37
4.9: 
















 gia






 38
4.10: 





















 39
4.11: 

























 40
4.12: 





 41
4.13:  42
4.14:  45
iv
DANH MC CÁC T VIT TT
DTT : 




DT : 


DTTS : 




UBND : 

GDP : 




 : 




GAD : Gender and Development : Gii và phát trin
WAD : Women and Development: Ph n và phát trin
WID : Women in development: Ph n trong phát trin
BQ : Bình quân
KHKT : 






KHHGD : 






TC    :   
v

MC LC
Trang
L i
LI CN ii
DANH MC CÁC BNG iii
DANH MC CÁC T VIT TT iv
MC LC v
PHN 1: 



 1
1.1.  1
1.2.  2
1.2.1. ng quát 2
1.2.2.  2
1.3.  2
1.3.1.  2
1.3.2.  2


2: 





 3
2.1. 










 3
2.1.1. 







 3
2.1.2. 
















 7
2.1.3. 









 -Lênin, 

















10
2.1.4. 



 12
2.2 









 13
2.2.1. 


















 


 13
2.2.2. 







 













 14
vi
2.2.3. 













T  15
2.2.4. 
















  16
2.2.5. , 

,  17


3: , 





 19
ng và phm vi nghiên cu 19
ng nghiên cu 19
3.1.2.  19
m và thi gian nghiên cu 19
m nghiên cu 19
3.3. Ni dung nghiên cu 19
3.4. 



 20
3.4.1. Phng vn cu trúc 20

3.4.2. 



 20
 lí s liu và phân tích 21
3.5. 







 21


4: 











 23

4.1.  23
4.1.1.  23
4.1.2.   26
4.2. 



























 36
4.2.1. 



 36
4.2.2.  38
4.2.3.  42
4.2.4.  44
4.3. 




 47
vii
4.3.1. 



 47
4.3.2. 










49
4.4. 































 50
4.4.1. 



 50
4.4.2.  51


5: 









56
5.1. 

 56
5.2. K

56
5.2.1.  56

5.2.2.  57
5.2.3.  57
 58
1


1




1.1. 
Tro

 , 

























. 














,  













. 























.










 , 
 . 

 , 


, , 



 ,  ,

















 . , p






 , 
 . 
ta, 65% . 



















 , 







 . Tuy nhiên, 
 



, 








 








.
 , 

























. 






, 



, t

, 













 T

. 

, 





, 
, .




 1  , 












 . 




 5 



: , Nùng, , Dao, Kinh, 
 

dân tc Tày  .  các dân
tc thiu s, nên s phát trin cng bào các dân tc gn lin vi s phát trin
ca xã 

 [3]. Tuy nhiên mt v hin nay là bng gii và bo lc
 bin, ph n dân tc thiu s 





 a bàn xã
c tham gia vào quá trình ra quynh và các ngun thông tin mi v k
thut canh tác. Trong khi h li trc tip tham gia sn xuu qu
2
i sng  c ci thin Xut phát t nhng 




trên em tin hành nghiên c tài: Thc trng và gii pháp nhm phát huy vai
trò ca ph n dân tc Tày trong phát trin kinh t h a bàn xã

Bc B, huyn Pc Nm, tnh Bc K
1.2. 
1.2.1. tng quát




 



  


tr









 , 



 , , 



















DTT 













.
1.2.2. 
- ng quát v a bàn nghiên cu.
- c thc trng vai trò ca ph n dân tc Tày trong
phát trin kinh t h .
-  xut mt s gii pháp nhm phát huy vai trò ca ph n 
và sn xuc cho ph n DTT xã 

.
- 

































 qua.
1.3. 
1.3.1. 
+ Thông qua quá trình thc hi c, rèn
luyn k u khoa hc cho bn thân.
+   , cho khoa 
.
1.3.2. 






























DTT 



 



 . 



















 DTT 


DTT,  DTT 






, 
















.

3


2







2.1. 













2.1.1. 










2.1.1.1  



, 

, 





* Khái nim ph n:
- Ph n ch mt, mt nhóm hay tt c các n ging thành, hoc
ng thành v mt xã hi. Nó cho thy mt cái nhìn ít nht là trung lp,
hoc th hin thin cm, s trân trng nhnh t i s d cn,
hong ngn nhng mt tt, hoc ít nht là không xn nhng giá tr,
nhng ng tích cc t nhng n gii này [16].
- Ph n xét v mt sinh hc thuc ging cái (phân bii lp vi ging
c) xét v mt khoa hc t nhiên, nu  g khoa hc xã hn
nam gii và n gii [16].
* 

























 , 






 ,  

. 
vai t, 



, 



















. 


















 




gian [16].












, , 
 



, 



 , 






,  c. 









 , 













 , 






.

*


























 

.



 









 . 


, 





.
4
- n gc, s khác bit v gii
 n v gii
+ Do dy và hc mà có
ng
+ Luôn bii
+ Có th c
 Ngun gc gii

 t a tr i x và dy d khác nhau
 khác bit v trang phc, hành vi, cách ng x
mà cha mng và xã hi trông ch  ng
thi h ng dn, dy d tr trai và gái theo nhm riêng và c
tha tr phi h tr thành con trai hay con gái và phu chnh hành
vì sao cho phù hp vi khuôn mu c th ca mi ginh.
ng và các tp quán xã hi
li tip tc cng c các khuôn mu c th ca mi gii (ví d: nam thì hc thêm các môn
k thut, xây dng; n thì hc thêm các môn n công, may thêu ).
Các th ch xã h   
hoc gim s khác bit gia hai gii (ví d  trong các ngh  
ký nam trong ngh lái xe, cnh sát ).
*












2.1 





























































 



, 

















con 





5
- 









Ph n c xem là phái yu vì mt mt th lc h yi, h
sng thiên v tình cm. Vì vng gia hai gi khác
bii ph n có thiên chc là làm v, làm m Còn
nam gic coi là phái mnh, là tr c H có th lc t n, cng
rn, nhanh nhn nam gii ít b ràng buc bi
 tc to ra ca ci vt cht và các công
vic xã hng cách khác bit gia ph n và
nam gii trong xã hi.
 ng cnh kin xã hi, h ng, phong tc
ti vi mi gii khác nhau nên ph n i tip cn cái
mi, trong hc tp và tìm kim vic làm. Mt khác, ph n ng b ràng buc
b i tham gia các công vic xã hi và
   n trong công vic. S khác bit v gii to nên khong cách
gia hai gii trong xã hi.
2.1.1.2 , 




*
- 


















, 
 [11].
- 







 

 ,  ,  
 [11].
*


 



 , 
























 , 

 ,  




a








[14].
*



























 ,










 . 
6


,  








 



 ,
lâm, 









  ,


[11].
*
 
















 ,
 , 














 

















 [11].
































 : , 

, ,  t












 .  , 
, , 
, 




 



 [4].
2.1.1.3 
* 
 ,   .
L  , ,


, 

























.
*

2/3 











. , 





























 



















 . 








 [12].


























 80% 























 , 





. 


 . Ph













.
7
2.1.2. 






















2.1.2.1 





Vai t , 








 . 

























 [6].


















 nhau trên 3 

:
*




:
B
























(






). 
 





 a  , 








, 












 .  ,
















.




 
 



 ( ,

 ?),  (ai
 ,  ?),  


doanh (



? 


), .
*Vai 






 
















 , 


,  , 



 , 




nuôi con, 







 

, 



















. 

































 . 


, 














.
*V
















































 ,
8











 ,  






.






2 :
- 

 

 : 















 . Ho , 



















 : 






 ,  , 





 , 

 ,  ,  ,
 

 ,  , 



















 .
- 







: 












. 

















( ) 





, 


dân, 






, 


























 






: 
(, 



) 








 ; (, 






) . 



















, 








. 

, .





















.
2.1.2.2 










* 













 








 ,  ,











, 

















.
 , 












 





ng








 ,  , 
 


. 
















 , 


9












 , 







  

 . 














, 



, 





. 











































, 





.
*

















 . 







 , 














 . 























 , ph. 

















 : 



 , 




, 



 , 



















































 , 





























, 













.
*, chuyên môn, 















  
. 



 






 1/4/2011  92,2% (

15




). 49,5%, THCS: 48,5%, THPT: 52,6% 





 48,5% (

 2008  2009). T
80,9%, 

 90%,  3,65% 












 .  , 











 











 , 
 , 

























.
*



























, 

























 : 
, 







.
10
Nâng cao 













.
*


 , 








, 



. 























 ,  m ti vi, 





 , 


















tin, 

,  ,








 , 


, 





. 







 















.
*






 

















 . 



, 
 . 




 , 
con,  , 





 , cho


.  


, 






















.
2.1.3. 










 -Lênin, 





















*Quan 










-Lê








 . 




































, .
Theo ông: 





, 


































 , 






















, 
11



















 . V.I Lênin
 








 ,  , 











. 

















 ,









  , ,  , 










 









































.









, V.I Lênin qu




























 , 
















, 
















. 














 . 







 , 



 , 





, 








  [20].
*






























 -Lênin, 
 tìm 







 , vai
,  













 . 
















:



:  .












 . 





 , 





















[13].


:    . 














 , 







 







 , 





 . , 




   [13]


:  , 





 

. Theo 

 gii phóng ph n không ch là trách nhim ca
ng và chính quyn mà còn là trách nhim ca toàn xã hi [13].
12


:  . 








, 





 














 












[13].


: 
















 . N








 XX, 














 




































 , 



 ph n hong cách mng, gii phóng dân
tc, gii phóng ph n u tranh vì s tin b ca ph n [13].
m cng Cng sn Vit Nam v ng gii
  
            
   


                
 -

-

-NQ/TW ngày 27/04/






  , N 
















, .
2.1.4. 













* 









(WID)

















70 20 












. 















, 





















 .









. 


13
















, 


, 

































, 


 

[12].
* 











(WAD)








 1970, 

















 . 































, 
 .  





 


 [12].
* 










(GAD)










 1980. 







 2


 , 
















,






 , 

















 







. 


























 








nhau [12].
2.2 













2.2.1. 





























, 

, , 












12  13 














. 






















. Thu











50% - 90% 



 g

 [10].
* : 
.
- : 67,3%  


82,5% 

.  2 






(28,9%). 





















30  49, 









 25  29, 50  54. 






 61% 
14








 60  64 







 ,  2 
 .  65 






36% tham 




 [14].
- : 


20  29 

, 





 30  39 












. 

 ,   60 

64 



32,53% 





 , 

 2 




 [14].
*  : N, 

















 . 






31,6% 









, 5,2% 











 0,4% 





 ,  








































 , 























 , 










. 



















, ,  [14].
*







 

: 











 . 




















. 












































 .
























 [14].
2.2.2. Vai tdân tc 






















 ,  53 





. 

14% 













 




¾ 





. ½ , , 



,   n 







.
15
 

, 










. 







































, 



















.
 DT 










 ,


















 ,
n phân, , 

, , 
, , 




.


























 .
, 




,  , 














 , 





























 , 















cao. Vai trò ca ph n trong phát trin sn xut nông nghip, nông thôn.
Trong vi



 t còn ph n
i gieo cy, thu hoch bo qun, ch bin và tiêu th sn phm. Ph n là
 các loi c, thc ph. 

 


a ph n 

 . Ngoài tham gia
trng trt ph n còn phi phòng tr dch bnh cho v 




.
2.2.3. 














T 




















 . Thông





















, 






 , 























.




























 , nâng cao




. 

















: 







  , 
, 





 





 




, 






16





















































. 


























 



















, 





,
2.2.4. 
















 








 , 










 
 10/1930 





: 





































 .  






  

 , 























ng tham gia
, 









.
Và mt s hin pháp, ch th, ngh quyt 
+ 


1954, 24.
+ 











 1959, 1980 1992 

















, , 

, .
1993,  



















.
 04/NQ  



 12/07/1993 







6/1994.






























.


 19/2002/-

 21/01/2002 




 











2010.
11/NQ-


24/07/2007 .


 2531/-

 24/12/2010 












2011- 2020.






 hin pháp, , 


c ta 






 , 
,  








 , 











 , 




