Ứng dụng động cơ stirling trong các thiết bị làm lạnh

iv



T


               



   Stirling  
, 
 mà  
 có 
 so

            
  
ngày càng   
  .
 
 máy nén khí . 























  , 

 g  
  

  








.

v
ABSTRACT

In the era of science and technology development, the demand for energy is
increasing. While which reserve fuel sources such as coal, oil, natural gas,
hydroelectric and even the term cause of humanity at risk of energy shortages. The
search for and exploitation of new energy sources such as nuclear energy, geothermal
energy, wind energy and solar energy is one of the important directions in the energy
development plan, not only for the developed countries but also developing countries.
The research will make Stirling engine applications run on any heat source,
this engine could replace the internal combustion engine in a number of areas of life
that the field of refrigeration and air conditioningthe most attractive applications
because where the hottest climates, where it has the greatest cooling demand,
especially in remote areas without grid and fuel prices are too expensive for
collectiontype of people.
Thesis "Application of the Stirling engine cooling devices" will solve the
current energy shortage problems when cooling needs of the society is increasing, more
can use the sourcesolar energy is clean energy sources to contribute to environmental
protection.
Stirling engine works by external heat source, through the actuator turns the
compressor of the refrigeration equipment. Essential thesis away from the device and
perform a calculation on a specific model, go deep into account every detail of the
equipment and conduct experiments to come up with an operating temperature range of
the engine Stirling used as a basis to select the heat source provided.


vi


 TRANG

 i
 ii
 iii
 iv
ABSTRACT v
 vi
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH x
 xii
 5
 5
1.1 : 5
1.2 









 6
1.3 








 7
1.4  7
1.5 N 7
 8
 8
2.1 







 8
2.1.1 





 8
2.1.2 








 9
2.1.3 











 9
2.1.4 












JOULE - THOMSON 10
2.1.5 












 11
2.1.6 







, 



 11
2.1.7 










 12
2.1.8 



 13
2.2 







 13
2.2.1 










 13
2.2.2 











14
2.2.3 













 14
2.3  15

 15
2.3.2 

 16
2.3.3  18
2.3.4 



 19
2.3.4.1  19

vii
2.3.4.1.1 







 19
2.3.4.1.2 










 20
2.3.4.2  21
2.3.4.2.1 







 21
2.3.4.2.2 









 22
2.3.4.3  23
2.3.4.3.1 








 23
2.3.4.3.2 









 24
 27
 27
 27
3.1.1 



 27
3.1.2 





 28

 28
3.2  29
3.2.1  29
3 30
 30
 32
 32
 33
 33
3.2.3.1 









 33
3.2.3.2 CHE Q
1
34
3.2.3.3 
4
35
3.2.4  37
3.2.4.1 
k
37

3.2.4.2 










0
37
3.2.4.3 








qn
37
3.2.4.4 









ql
37
3.2.4.5  38
3.2.4.5.1 



 38
3.2.4.5.2 







 38
3.2.4.5.3 




k
39
3.2.4.5.4  39
3.2.4.5.5 


 39
3.2.4.5.6 









 39
3.2.4.5.7 





 39
3.2.4.5.8 















tt
39
3.2.4.5.9 













 39
3.2.4.5.10 



 39
3.2.4.5.11 










 39
3.2.4.5.12 






s
40
3.2.4.5.13 






e
40

viii
3.2.4.5.14 















el
40
3.2.4.5.15 







 40
3.2.4.5.16 







k
40
3.2.5  40
3.2.5.1 





40
3.2.5.2 





 41
3.2.5.3 









 41
3.2.5.4 










 41
3.2.5.5 






w
42
 47
 49
 49
 49
 49
3.2.7.4 VAN BA NGÃ 50
 50
 51
 51
 51
4.2 




 51
4.2.1  51

min
51

max
51

1
: 51
4.2.2 





 52
4.2.2.1 




xln
52
4.2.2.2 





xlgn
52
4.2.2.3 














XYLANH V

52
4.2.2.4 













tr
52
4.2.2.5 










ptgn
52
4.2.2.6 







(V
max

) 
 53
4.2.2.8  53
4.3 













 53
4.3.1. 












 : 53
4.3.2 







54
4.3.3 









54
4.3.4 







54

4.3.5 

 









 55
4.3.6 











 55
4.3.7 






 

 56
4.3.8 







 56
4.4  57

ix
4.4.1 







 57
4.4.2 1 - 2 57
4.4.3 2 - 3 58
4.4.4 3 - 4 58
4.4.5 4 - 1 59

4.5  60
 62


 62
5.1 









 62
5.2  62
5.2.1 









 63
5.2.2 








 63
5.2.3 





















 64

5.2.4 







 64
5.3  65
5.3.1  65
5.3.2  65
5.3.2.1 
















65

5.3.2.2 







 66
5.3.2.3 







 67
6. 



 69
6.1 



 69
6.2 










 69





x
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH

1. 2.1: 

 





 Trang 8
2. 2.2:  Trang 10
3. 2.3: 








 Trang 10
4. 2.4:  Trang 11
5. 2.5: 





 Trang 12
6.   Trang 15
 Trang 15
 Trang 17
 Trang 17
 Trang 17
11. Hình 2.11: quá trình làm mát cho xylanh Trang 18
 Trang 18
13. Hình 2.13:  










 Trang 18
14. Hình 2.14: 



 Trang 19
15. Hình 2.15 :  Trang 20
16. Hình 2.16 :  Trang 20
17. Hình 2.17 :  Trang 21
18. Hình 2.18 :  Trang 21
19. Hình 2.19 : 



 Trang 21
20. Hình 2.20 :  Trang 22
21. Hình 2.21 :  Trang 22
22. Hình 2.22 : 

 Trang 23
23. Hình 2.23 :  Trang 23
24. Hình 2.24 : 



 Trang 24
25. Hình 2.25 :  Trang 24

xi

26. Hình 2.26 :  Trang 25
27. Hình 2.27 :  Trang 25
28. Hình 2.28 :  Trang 26
 Trang 27
30. Hình 3.2:  Trang 30
  Trang 38
 V
 Trang 58
33. 4.2 :  V
 Trang 59
34. 5.1: Ctrên  OXY Trang 63
35. 5.2: 





trên  OXY Trang 63
36. 5.3: 



n 
YXO
Trang 64

xii


1. 3.1:   Trang 31
2. 3.2: 















 Trang 32
3. 3.3: 

 














 Trang 33
4. 3.4:  















 Trang 35
5. 3.5:  Trang 38

Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
5 Hoc Viên: 





1.1 :
     ,    
  làm nhà  vào
 vào mùa hè 
i càng 























 , 




  , trong  
, 



















 
.


 , 

    




  cao 












 
 :  ,  , 



 ,
    

 

  .
 





















 , , 



2












2
.

















 , 
















 

















 

, 














 , 
 







 









  















.
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
6 Hoc Viên: 



























 , 






 : 

, 

,  










 , 
 
cá ,  : 




nhân, 





, 












 .
































 


 

 . 










  








.
 
 : 

, ,  ,  , 







    
, 

 


chu trình 









   
 



 

 





.
ng d , 

 
l     


hi.
1.2 










Nghiên c 













Nghiên c  thi
Nghiên c,  v 





 Stirling 
l
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
7 Hoc Viên: 



















 

 
l
1.3 








Do t














 
 ,  

 





 
d 

 


.
1.4 
 

 

 















  

 ta nên 

  u 




   








 








  















 



, 











, 



th







.
1.5 
 , 











 , , 

, 



.
 








,   

.

Ng: GVC. TS. 







GVC. ThS. 
8 Hoc Viên: 





     


                
Ejec


2.1   
L





























.
2.1.1 










 



 khô  










entanpy.

H 2.1: 

 





 (H 2.1 / 13 / [4])


1: 

.
t
1

: 



. t
2
: 





. t
s
: n





 
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
9 Hoc Viên: 







 1   2, 





 
1


max
= 100%. 




















, nh





1

2
. 




1

2





.

 , 
 





  cho




.
2.1.2 








 , 










  












.
 , 










 


















.

















 
.
2.1.3 

 












 , 











   . 




 









cho   












 , ôx


,  , 

 : , 



, 
. 













, 




. 










S
1
= const 





1 
2. 







 







3, 











 S
3
= const 



 4 
. 












  




 

1,  . 



  
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
10 Hoc Viên: 


2  






 2  














.

 2.2: 














(H 2.2 / 14 / [4])
2.1.4 












JOULE - THOMSON
C 











 





 




1



2













.

2.3: 








. (H 2.3 / 15 / [4])






 

t  ,















2 

(1) (2)
2
2
1
2
2
121212


 hhlq

Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
11 Hoc Viên: 


q
12
= 0,  




 , 










.
l
12
= 0, .
0
2
2
1
2
2



, 





















 


 h
2
= h
1

. Tuy q
12

, 








.
2.1.5 


N1933 Ranque () 













 


sau: 



 






 6 

 20
0
C 








, 





  12 mm  trong









 . 



  








d <<  12 mm  






 . 





 70K, 










 

-12
0
C, 


58
0
C, 





.

2.4:  (H 2.4 / 17 / [4])















 














 
2.1.6 








, 




Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
12 Hoc Viên: 


 Seebeck () 














 2




 , 









 















.
 1834 Peltier ()  







 
 







 2 



 







.

2.5: 





 (H 2.5 / 17 / [4])
1- 



; 2, 3  










4  




; 5, 6  












 60K. 
 



(

30 100W).
2.1.7 























 
 







 (3 + 4K) 



 


 ,
10
3
K. Nguyên 



: 














 2 





,  , 











 , 







  , 
 , 





, 










, 


Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
13 Hoc Viên: 


















0.












 


.
2.1.8 



















. 










   











 





 








.










  









.
  





 ,



















 
 









 trong .








 -196
0
C. 

 -200 KJ/Kg. 
 0
0

C, 







 200 KJ/Kg, 





0
400 KJ/Kg 0
0
C.
 , 



 

 , 

,
 







  ,  g 












.
2.2 



















 

  nhân
  



,  ,




, 

,    : 
, .
2.2.1 











Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
14 Hoc Viên: 






  



 , 
d 












 , 










 





.
Th



, 






, 










. Tuy nhiên 







  







, 



.
2.2.2 















 i 
ng 

i 

 

.



 
u khí nén. T
nên 

2.2.3 











T 






 Peltier 
t phía


















 
, 


Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
15 Hoc Viên: 


 




2.3 
  ông Robert Stirling 
minh 1816, khi 

    


  





  . 




2.6:  (H 2 / 1 / [15])
2.3.1 



Hình 2.7:  chung 
Ng: GVC. TS. 







GVC. ThS. 
16 Hoc Viên: 


1 - ; 2 - Piston nén; 3 - 
4 - Xylanh nén; 5 -  - 


 




       







0
.
 


Không 





 



Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
17 Hoc Viên: 



Hình 2.8: 

piston (Hình 2.8




        
(Hình 2.9  a, b, c).

Hình 2.9: Qu
Không khí d(Hình 2.10 



Hình 2.10:  
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
18 Hoc Viên: 




(Hình 2.11  a, b, c).

Hình 2.11: quá trình làm mát cho xylanh

(Hình 2.12  




Hình 2.12: 
2.3.3 

Hình 2.13:   V  (H12 / 1 / [16])
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
19 Hoc Viên: 



Quá trình 1 - 

Quá trình 2 - 

max

Quá trình 3 - 
- 
á trình 3- 

max

T
min
.
Quá trình 4 - 

T
min
ng bên ngoài.
2.3.4 












 ,  





 ,
 : 



 lpha, 




 ,




u gamma.
2.3.4.1 
2.3.4.1.1 



 

Hình 2.14: 



 (H1 / 1 / [17])
1  





; 2 - 



;

3  



; 4  
Ng: GVC. TS. 






GVC. ThS. 
20 Hoc Viên: 


 



 






 












 : 





, 






, 








. 



90
0
.
  



, tuy nhiên
   



2.3.4.1.2 











Hình 2.15 :  


(H1 / 1 / [17])
 (2.15) : 





 ,


 



 



, 




 

 
max

P
max

khi 











. 


 



 . 





 , 









 , 

 . 






Hình 2.16 : (H2 / 1 / [17])
 (2.16): 

trong không gian 


 piston  









  , 

piston  .
 ( 2.17): 
















 

 , 



 , 



