GERUND AND INFINITIVE

GERUND AND INFINITIVE
I. GERUNDS (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)
Danh động từ (V-ing) được dùng:
1. Sau các cụm động từ
- be used to / get used to: quen với, trở nên quen với
- look forward to : mong đợi
- can’t stand = can bear: không thể chịu được
- It’s no use / it’s no good : không có lợi ích gì
- be busy : bận rộn
- be worth : có giá trị
- feel like : cảm thấy thích
(BỔ SUNG)
− HAVE difficulty /trouble +Ving
− WASTE / SPEND time /money + Ving
− KEEP + O + Ving
− PREVENT + O + Ving
− FIND + O + Ving
− CATCH + O + Ving: bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì
e.g. If she catches you reading her diary, she will be furious.
2. Sau các giới từ ( on, at, about, from, to, without …)
e.g. She is interested in going shopping.
3. Đứng đầu làm chủ ngữ
E.g. Playing soccer is my favorite sport.
4. Sau các động từ
Mind: thấy phiền imagine: tưởng tượng
Finish: hoàn thành admit: thừa nhận
Deny: chối cải, delay: trì hoãn practise: thực hành
Enjoy: thích thú = like= prefer Continue = keep: tiếp tục
Consider: xem như, xem xét Avoid: tránh
Appreciate: coi trọng Postpone: trì hoãn
Hate=dislike: ghét/ ko thích # love Miss: bỏ lỡ

Fancy: muốn, thích Involve: dính líu
II. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO : (to-infinitive)
1. Đứng đầu làm chủ ngữ
e.g. To become a famous singer is her dream
2. Sau các tính từ : glad , happy , ready ……
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S+ BE + ADJ + to + V
e.g: It’s difficult to do that exercise.
3. Trong cấu trúc :
a. IT + TAKES/ TOOK + O(me/him/her/you…) + time + to + V(TO INF): AI ĐÓ MẤT BAO
LÂU ĐỂ LÀM GÌ (= S
(người)
+ WASTE/SPEND + time/money + V-ing) (bổ sung)
E.g. It took him fifteen minutes to walk to school
= He spent 15 minutes walking to school.
b. IT + TO BE + ADJ. + TO INF: THẬT ….ĐỂ (=Ving + be + adj.) (bổ sung)
e.g. it is difficult to learn English vocabulary.
c. S + TO BE + ADJ. + TO INF: AI ĐÓ THẤY…KHI LÀM VIỆC GÌ
e.g. I’m happy to receive your letter.
d. S + FIND/THINK/BELIEVE + IT + ADJ + TO-INF
e.g. I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
4. Sau từ nghi vấn What , who , how, where …… (không dùng với từ why)
I don’t know where to park my car.
5. Sau một số động từ
learn : (học) mean: ( có nghĩa, có ý)
plan :( dự dịnh , có kế hoạch ) promise: ( hứa )
want : ( muốn ) agree : ( đồng ý )
refuse: ( từ chối ) attempt : ( cố gắng)
fail : ( thất bại ) prepare: ( chuẩn bị )

determine ( quyết tâm ) manage (cố gắng, xoay trở)
decide (quyết định) invite (mời)
hope (hy vọng) wish (ước muốn)
tend (có xu hướng) intend (có ý định, dự định)
expect: mong đợi demand: đòi hỏi
pretend: giả vờ offer: đề nghị
would like: muốn plan: dự định
e.g. She refused to meet me.
6. Note
- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf
e.g. She allowed me to use her pen.
- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing
e.g. She didn’t allow smoking in her room.
III. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KO “TO” (BARE INFINITIVE)
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1. Sau một số động từ: Let, make + O + V
bare inf.
e.g. He made me cry.
had better: nên, would rather…than: thích…hơn, would sooner…than: nên thì hơn + V
bare inf.
e.g
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. You should take an aspirin.
2. Động từ chỉ tri giác:
- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V1 (chỉ sự
hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra)
e.g. I saw her get off the bus.
- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V-ing (chỉ sự
việc đang diễn ra)

e.g. I smell something burning in the kitchen.
IV. Cấu trúc nhờ vả:
S + have + O người + V1 + O vật
S + have + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người)
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
S + get + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người)
e.g. I had my brother clean the house.
I had the house cleaned by my brother.
S (người) + need/require/want + to inf. (bổ sung)
S (vật) + need/require/want + Ving ( to be V
ed/3
) (bổ sung)
e.g. you need to cut your hair.
= Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.
V. MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT
stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn một hành động
e.g. My father stopped smoking cigarette.
stop + to-inf: dừng lại để làm việc khác
e.g. He was very tired. He stopped to take a rest.
remember / forget + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)
remember / forget + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai)
e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
I never forget seeing him the first time.
I remember meeting you somewhere but I can’t know your name.
Remember to call me tomorrow.
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Regret (tiếc) + to inf.: tiếc phải báo tin xấu (bổ sung)
Regret + Ving: tiếc 1 điều gì sau khi đã thực hiện điều đó (bổ sung)
e.g. I regret to tell you that you failed the test.

e.g. I regret lending him some money.
try + V-ing: thử
try + to-inf: cố gắng
need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động) (bổ sung)
need + to-inf: cần (chủ động) (bổ sung)
Ex: I need to wash my car.
My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed.
Exercise
Part I. Complete the following sentences using a “to-infinitive” form of the verbs in the box.
1. I can’t imagine Peter (go) _________ by bike.
2. He agreed (buy)________ a new car.
3. The question is easy (answer) ____________
4. The man asked me how (get) ___________ to the airport.
5. We decide (run) __________ through the forest.
6. The teacher expected Sarah (run) ___________ through the forest.
7. I learned (ride) __________ the bike at the age of 5.
8. He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was born.
9. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.
10. He decided (study) __________ Biology.
11. He asked (come) ________ with us.
12. I’m learning (speak) __________ English.
13. He decided (wear) _________ his new suit.
14. I’m still looking for a job but I hope (find) ______________ a well-paid job soon.
15. They agreed (be) ______________ present at the opening ceremony.
16. I promise (help) _________ you tomorrow.
17. I understand you want (borrow) ______________my last volume of Harry Porter.
18. Finally, I managed (finish) _________ the work.
19. I understand you want (borrow) ______________my last volume of Harry Porter.
20. I’m pleased (meet) ________ you.
Part II. Complete the following sentences using an “-ing” form or “to-infinitive” of the verbs in the box.

21. I am looking forward (see) _____________________ you
22. I’ve finished (cook) __________. Come and eat!
23. I wish (see) _____________________the manager.
24. It is no use (wait) _____________________him.
25. My mother told me (not speak) _____________________too anyone about it.
26. He tried (explain) _____________________but she refused (listen) _____________________.
27. Don’t forget (clock) _____________________the door before (go) _________________to bed.
28. I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary.
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29. After (walk) _________three hours we stopped (rest) ___________and let the others (catch)
______________up with us.
30. The boy likes (play) _____________________games but hates (do) ________________exercises.
31. I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been refused.
32. I don’t allow (smoke) _____________________in my drawing-room.
33. I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all.
34. Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________ (wait).
35. I tried (persuade) ______________him (agree) _____________________with your proposal.
36. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.
37. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.
38. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.
39. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.
40. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
41. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.
42. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once.
43. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) _____________anything.
44. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.
45. Tom regrets ( spend ) …………………… too much time ( play ) ………………computer games .
46. Students stopped ( make ) …………………… noise when the teacher came in .
47. He’ll try ( not make) ……………………the same mistake again.

48. When you see Tom, remember ( give ) …………………… him my regards.
49. I didn’t know how ( get ) ……………… to your house , so I stopped ( ask )………………. the way .
50. We found it very difficult ( reach ) ……………… a decision .
51. I will remember ( give ) …………………Mr. Brown your message .
52. She remembers ( be ) …………………taken to the zoo by her mother .
53. Do you feel like ( go ) ……………… to the concert or would you like ( stay )……………… at home ?
54. We don’t allow people ( smoke ) ……………… in the lecture room.
55. The teacher advised ( review) ………………… the grammatical structures carefully .
56. He’ s used to ( go ) …………….on foot to work .
57. We get used to ( work ) …………….on Sundays .
58. She is looking forward to ( see ) …………………her friends .
59. Sometimes students avoid ( look ) …………… at the teacher if they don’t want (answer )………… a
question.
60. You should try ( wear ) ………………any shirts you want to buy.
61. There are people can’t help ( laugh )…………….when they see someone ( slip ) ………….on a banana
skin
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62. Gravity makes water ( run ) …………………downhill .
63. This man let me ( use ) ………………….his phone yesterday.
64. Are we allowed ( go )………………… out with Tom ?
65. His father doesn’t approve of his (go)……………to Europe
66. Donna is interested in (open)……………… a bar.
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