How to use Gerund and Infinitive (grade 6-9)

NGUYEN VAN HA – TRUC THAI SECONDARY SCHOOL
Gerund-To inf-Bare inf
A.Gerund :Được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
1.Chủ ngử: (Subjects).
Ex:The building of the house will take at least six months. / Swimming is my favorite sports.
2.Bổ ngử : (Complements).
“The gerund” là bổ ngử thường được sử dụng sau các động từ be ,mean,look….
Ex:My hobby is rearing chikens / I can’t ask him for help .That would mean telling him everything about
you and myself .
3.Tân ngữ: (Objects).
a. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau các động từ như :
amit(công nhận) anticipate(dự
tính)
appreciate(đánh giá) avoid (tránh xa) consider(xem xét)
defer=delay(trì
hoãn)
deny(phủ mhận) detest=dislike=hate(ghét) dread(sợ) enjoy(thưởng
thức)
escape(trốn thoát) excuse(tha lỗi) imaging(tưởng tượng) involve(liên quan
đến)
keep=continue
love(yêu,thích) fancy(mong
muốn)
finish(kết thúc) forgive(tha thứ) loathe(ghê tởm)
mean=involve mind(lưu ý,làm
phiền)
miss(nhớ) prefer(thích
hơn)
prevent(ngăn
ngừa)
propose(đề nghị)

recollect(hồi tưởng
lại)
remember resent(phẫn nộ) resist(kháng cự) rist(liều)
save(cứu ,tiết
kiệm)
stop(dừng lại) suggest understand …..
Ex: We enjoy playing football / Micheal was considering buying a new
car until the prices went up .
Have you finished writing your book ?
b. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một “động từ + giới từ” như :
Ex:John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice . / I am not looking forward to meeting him .
Henry is thinking of going to France in August .
c. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một “tính từ + giới từ” như :
absorbed
in
accustomed to afraid of amused at angry with annoy at ashamed of aware of
(in)
capable of
carefull
(about) in
careless of certain of clever at (un)
conscious of
content with delighted
at
different
from
embarrassed
at
excited
about

far from fond of fortunate in frightened
of
furious at
given to good at grateful for happy in
(at)
intent on interested in keep on nice about
proud of pleased at responsible
for
right in scared at
(of)
set on sick of skill in (at)
slow in sorry for successful at sure of surprised thankful for tired of upset at
approve
of
apologize for believe in count on care for complain of confess to
consist of depend on dream of end in give up forget about get to
go back to hesitate about insist on keep on lead to long for mean by
persist in plan on put off rely on return to result in safe from
succeed in think about think of lake to talk of threaten
with
worry
about
look forward
to
object to …..
NGUYEN VAN HA – TRUC THAI SECONDARY SCHOOL
(in) at (from)
worried
about
wrong in …….

Ex: Alice is fond of dancing ./He is interested in seeing this film ./We are accustomed to sleeping late on
weekends .
d. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau thành ngữ (expesions):
can’t stand=can’t be (không thể
chịu đựng)
can’t help (không thể không ..) can’t face (không thể đương
đầu)
feel like (yêu thích) it’s no use/good (chẳng ích gì) to have difficult
to be worth (đáng) to be busy a waste of
spend time/fun/trouble (vui
vẻ,lo lắng)
………..
Ex: I didn’t feel like talking to him after what had happened . / It’s no use reading
this kind of book .
It’s worth remembering that he has once been a boxer .
e. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một số tính từ khác như :
amusing comfortable difficult easy great hopeless lovely nice pleasant strange useless wonderful
Ex:It was difficult getting him to do it . / It was useless arging with Jane .
* Trường hợp này thường được dùng trong văn nói hơn là văn viết .
f. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một “danh từ + giới từ” như :
choice of excuse for possibility of intention of reason for menthod for ………
Ex: There is no reason for leaving this early ./George has no excuse for chopping out of school .
4. Bổ ngữ của tân ngữ : (objective complements):
“The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một số động từ như :
call catch discover feel find heard get imagine keep leave notice see send set stop watch
Ex: I felt him looking at me now and again . / Ellen had noticed me talking with the landlady .
5. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một số ngữ trạng từ ,đi sau các liên từ như : “while ,when ,if ….”
Ex: He continued to speak while walking down the path .
6. Cấu trúc mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm việc gì : Spend + thời gian + V-ing .
Ex: He spent two hours writing this essay.

*NOTES :
Verbs To inf Gerund
To begin/start/continue/cease/intend. V V
To
advise/allow/admit/forbid/encourage/permit/recommend/p
ropose/suggest…
V
To
advise/allow/admit/forbid/encourage/permit/recommend/p
ropose/suggest + O
V
To need/want/require V V (passive)
To like Want , wish Enjoy
(hobbies,interests)
To mean Intend Involve(đòi hỏi ,liên
quan)
To stop Ngừng để làm việc gì Ngừng hẳn
To go on Làm một việc khác
mới
Tiếp tục
To propose Dự định Đề nghị
Group B: VERB + INF + OR GERUND ( WITH A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING )
remember
regret
forget
The verbs in Group B may be followed by either an inf or a gerund , but the
meaning is different .
NGUYEN VAN HA – TRUC THAI SECONDARY SCHOOL
try
(d) Judy always remembers to look the

door
Remember + inf = remember to perform responsibility duty , or
task , as in (d)
(e) Sam often forgets to lock the door Forget + inf = forget to perform a responsibility , duty , or task ,
as in (e)
(f) I remember seeing the Alps for the
first time ,the sight
was impressive .
Remember + gerund = remember (recall) something that
happened in the past , as in (f)
(g) I’ll never forget seeing the Alps for
the first time .
Forget + gerund =forget something that happened in the past, as
in (g)**
(h) I regret to tell you that you failed the
test .
Regret + inf = regret to say ,to tell some one of some bad news ,as
in (h)
(i) I regret lending him money . He never
paid me back.
Regret + gerund = regret something that happened in the past ,
as in (i)
(j) I’m try to learn English . Try + inf = make an effort , as in (j)
(k) The room was hot .I tried opening the
window ,but that didn’t help. So I tried
turning on the fan , but I was still hat .
Finally , I turned on the air conditioner.

Try + gerund = experiment with a new or different apperoach to
see if it works , as in (k)

Notice the patterns with prefer :
-Prefer + gerund : I prefer staying home to going to the concert.
-Prefer + inf : I prefer to stay home than (to) go the concert .
-Forget ** followed by agerund usually occurs in a negative sentence or a question e.g.I’ll never forget , I
can’t forget ,Have you ever forgotten , and can you ever forget can be followed by a gerund phrase .
Ex: 1. Please remember to return the boak tomorrow , I remember putting my had some where in this room.
2. I’ll never forget seeing him the first time .
3. He stopped to eat .
4. I’m to tied . I stop working , for a moment.
5. a/ The teacher permitted them to turn the assignment in late .
b/ The teacher permitted going out…
B. To inf : được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
1. Chủ ngữ : ( Subject )
Ex: To visit her was all that I desired. / To act like that is childish .
2. Bổ ngữ : (Complements).
Ex: His greatest wish was to tell her everthings . / What I like is to swim in the
sea and then to lie on the warm and.
3.Tân ngữ: (Objects).
a.
agree attem
pt
after ask Arrang
e
begin contin
ue
clerir
e
cease clain choose come
care decide deternai
ne

deman
d
Expect fail fear forget hate help hesitat
e
hope
learn like long love Mean manag
e
need negle
ct
propos
e
prefe
r
preten
d
prepar
e
promis
e
plan want wish Intend omit tend try threate
n
refus
e
start swear
seem strive …….
Ex:I came to know him well towards the endof the war. / He didn’t want to he left alone.
Do you mean to say he actually approves of it.
b. “To inf ” thường được sử dụng sau các động từ như :
To make up one’s
mind

To take care To take the trouble To make sure ….
NGUYEN VAN HA – TRUC THAI SECONDARY SCHOOL
Ex: The next day he made sure to buy a copy of the newspaper .
c. Tân ngữ của tính từ ( objects of adjectives ) :
“To inf ” thường được sử dụng sau các tính từ như :
(un)
able
afraid amused annoyed anxious ashamed astonishe
d
boring careful certain
content crazy curious dangero
us
delighte
d
determine
d
difficult distresse
d
due eager
easy hard fortunat
e
free frighten furious good glad gratef
ul
happy
helpless horrifie
d
inpatien
t
intereste
d

keen lucky moved pleased (im)
possibl
e
proud
prepare
d
quick ready relieved reluctan
t
right resolved safe scared slow
sorry sufficie
nt
sure surprise
d
thankfu
l
useless usual (un)
willing
(un)
wise
wonderf
ul
worthy wrong …….
Ex: He would be scary not to do so . / I am curious to know the news .
d. Đôi khi một từ hoặc cụm từ bắt đầu với “for” đựơc dùng để chỉ chủ ngữ của “to inf ”:
Ex:He was eager for me to start on my new job .
e. “To inf ” thường được sử dụng những từ như : “what ,who ,whom ,which ,when ,where ,how….”
Ex: I don’t know what to say .
4. “To inf ” còn có thể đóng vai trò tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hoặc đại từ bất định :
Ex : The house to be demolished is very old in deed give them something to eat .
5. “To inf ” còn có thể đóng vai trò trạng từ , phần nhiều ngụ ý hoặc kết quả như :

Ex: I saved money to buy a bicycle . / He was lucky enough to win the
prize .
6. “ To inf ”có thể theo sau một số danh từ hoặc đại từ , để làm bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ ấy . Những
động từ thường có một tân ngữ và một “ To inf ” theo sau :
advise allow ask assumer beg believe cause challenge command compel consider
encourage expect find forbid force get guess hate imagine instruct intend
know lead like love mean observe order permit persucide prefer suspect
tell tempt think trust understand urge want warn wish …….
Ex: Why did he advise me to visit Westminster Abbey ? / I told him to be patient . /
We can’t force you to stay here.
C. Bare infinitive : Được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
1. Sau động từ khiếm khuyết như : “can” , “may” , “must” , “will” , “shall”, “ ….”.
Ex:I can speak English. / You should stay at home .
2. Sau các động từ cảm quan như : see , hear , feel , smell ……( Có 2 trường hợp “+O+V-ing : đang xảy ra”,
“+O+V-bare : xảy ra rồi ”.)
Ex: I saw her get off the bus .
3. Sau các động từ “make” , “let” :
Ex: He made me do it . / Let me go .
4. Sau các động từ như : had better , would rather , had sooner…..
Ex: You had better tell him look anxious . / We would rather not go with him.
5.Trong cấu trúc truyền khiến của động từ “have” :
* S + have/has + NGƯỜI + V-bare. / * S + have/has + VẬT+ V-pp .
Ex: I have a mechanic check my car every month …..
THE END
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