Kien Thuc Tong Hop Tieng Anh

LớP 8 9
1. Thì của động từ
Tenses Form Trạng từ thờng gặp Cách dùng và ví dụ
1.The S.
present
(Hiện tại
đơn)
S + bare-V/V-s/V-es
S+do/does not+ bare-
V
Do/Does+ S+ bare-
V ?

- always, ofen,
usually,frequentyly
sometimes=occasionally,
rarely=seldom, once or
tiwce a week, never
* Chỉ 1 thói quen ở hiện tại
- ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the morning
* 1 sự thật không thay đổi
- ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East.
2. The
Present
Continuo
us
(Hiện tại
tiếp diễn)
S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing
S + am/is/are+ not+
V-ing

Am/is/are+ S+ V-
ing?
at the moment, at the
time,Verb! (look!, listen!,
be quiet)
at present = now
* Chỉ hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm đang nói
- It (rain) is raining now.
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent
- Listen! She (sing) is singing
3. The
Pr.
Perfect
(HTHT)
S + have/has +
V3/Ved
S + have/has +not+
V3/V-ed
Have/Has + S +
V3/V-ed?
for + khoảng t.gian
since + Mốc t.gian
never, ever, just = recently
= lately, so far = up to now
= up to the present= until
now,already, yet,this is the
first time , several times.
* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra trong qk t.gian không xác định
ex: She (vờsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times.
* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu ở QK mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại

- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
- My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday
- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
4. The
P.perfect
continuo
us
HTHTTD
)
S + have/has + been +
V-ing
S+have/has+not+been
+V-ing
Have/Has + S + been
+ V-ing?
for + khoảng t.gian
since + Mốc t.gian
so far = up to now = up to
the present= until now
* Dùng để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động khởi sự trong quá khứ kéo dài
đến hiện tại và còn tiếp tục ở tơng lai.
- She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o clock
- He (work) has been working in this factory for 4 years.
5. The S.
Past
( Qk)
S + V2/V-ed
S + did + NOT + bare-
V
Did +S + bare- V?

- Yessterday, last (last
week /month/ year ), ago,
in + year(in 2000 )
* 1 số việc xảy ra ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh
6. The
Past
Continuo
us
(QKTD)
S + was/ were + V-ing
S + was/ were + not+
V-ing
Was/ were + S + V-
ing?
At 5 P.m/ at 5 oclock +
Thời gian trong QK, all
day yesterday
* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra ở 1 điểm thời gian xác định trong QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
* Chỉ 2 hành động cùng xảy ra song song ở QK
- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was
watching TV.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra ở QK thì 1 hành động khác xen
vào
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.
7. The
Past
Perfect :

(QKHT)
S + had + V3/ V-ed
S + had + NOT + V3/
V-ed
Had + S + V3/ V-ed?
before, after, by, *Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra ở QK trớc 1 hành động khác hoặc 1
thời điểm trong QK
- Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory
- When I (come) come, he (leave) had left by 7 o clock
- After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad.
9. The S.
future
(TL đơn)
S + will/ shall + Vinf
S + will/shall + not +
Vinf
Will/Shall + S +Vinf?
Tomorrow, next (next
week/ month/ year ),
someday,
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở tơng lai.
- Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me.
- She (stay) will stay at next Monday.
1
Dấu hiệu nghĩa Cách dùng Dạng vị trí
since Từ,từ khi Mốc thời gian
KĐ,PĐ,NV
Trớc thời gian
For đợc,khoảng Khoảng thời gian
KĐ,PĐ,NV

Trớc thời gian
Already Rồi,đã rồi
Kđ
Cuối câu,sau have và has
yet Cha,vẫn cha
Pđ,nv
Cuối câu
never Cha từng, cha bao giờ
Kđ,nv
Trớc PII
ever
đã từng Kđ,nv
Trớc PII
before Trớc đây,trớc đó KĐ,PĐ,NV Cuôi câu
Recently/lately Gần đây
Kđ,pđ,nv
Cuối câu,sau chủ ngữ
Till now/Up to now Cho đến bây giờ
Kđ,pđ,nv
Cuối câu
first,second times Lần đầu tiên,lần thứ hai
Kđ,nv
đầu câu,cuối câu
Bài Tập
Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence:
I will see him when he here tomorrow .a.comes b. will come c. has come d. had come
The boys broke a window when they football. a played b. were playing c. haf playedd. are playing
What to you yesterday?
a. happened b. did happen c. had happen d. was happening
It was the most exciting film I .

b. never saw b. ever saw c. had ever seen d. have ever seen
He said that he his work since 7 oclock.
Did b. has done c. had done d. would do
I about him when suddenly he came in.
talk b. talked c. am talking d. was talking
Please dont touch anything before .
the police will come b. the police comes
c. the police come d. the police would come
When ? - In 1928
a. penicillin was discovered b. was penicillin discovered
b. did penicillin discovered d. did penicillin discover
They have been in love with each other they were young
a. while b. until c. for d. since
Do you know what there yesterday?
a. she is doing b. was doing c. did she do d. she did
At present, that author a historical novel.
a. is writing b. was writing c. has written d. had written
By next month, I my first novel.
a. will finish b. am going to finish
b. finish d. will have finished
I the money from him yet.
a. havent received b. dont receive c. will receive d. am receiving
Dont make noise. My mother with her friend.
a. is talking b. was talking c. talks d. talked
the teacher gave me a passing grade.
a. After taking the test b. After I take the test
b. After I took the test d. After I had taken the test
No sooner the office than the phone rang
a. was he leaving b. he was leaving c. he had left d. had he left
17. How many times there so far? A few times.

a. have you been b. would you be c. were you d. had you been
18. Its at least a month since Tom.
a. I last seen b. I last see c. I have last seen d. I last saw
19. Up to then, I such a big fire.
a. have never seen b. had never seen c. never seen d. never see
20. I her since I a student.
2
a. know/ am b. knew/ was c. have known/ am d. have known/ was
21. They for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke.
a. had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running
22. I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year.
a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been
23. get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever
24. She working on that manuscript for 2 year now.
a. will be b. has been c. had been d.is
25. I there once a long time ago and back since.
a. went/have not been b. go/am not c. have gone/was d. was going/had not been
26. She trying to pass her driving test but fails every time.
a. kept b. is keeping c.did want d. keeps
27. I complete silence now while I try this experiment.
a. am wanting b. want c. had wanted d. have wanted
28.The students by Mrs.Monty. However, this week they by Mr.Tanzer.
a. are usually taught/are being taught b. usually teach/are teaching
c. have usually been taught/have been teaching
d. were usually teaching /are teaching
29. No matter what happens next I help you.
a. am b. have c. will d.would
30. In the last hundred years, traveling much easier and more comfortable.
a. becomes b. has become c. became d. will become

31. In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon.
a. took b. had taken c. had taken d.was taking
32. In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years.
a. was/have changed b. is/change c. had been/will change d.hasbeen/changed
33. Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
a. are flying b. would fly c. will fly d. can fly
34. When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television.
a. was calling/watched b. called/have watched
c. called/was watching d. had called/watched
35.By this time next summer, you your studies.
a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d. will have completed
36. Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner.
a. reads/has cooked b. is reading/is cooking
c.has read/was cooking d. read/will be cooking
37. Last night at this time, they the same thing. She and he the newspaper.
a. are doing/is cooking/is reading b. were doing/was cooking/was reading
c. was doing/has cooked/is reading d. had done/was cooking/read
38. When I home last night, I that Jane a beautiful candle light dinner.
a. had arrived/discovered/preparing b. was arriving/has discovered/was preparing
c. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared d. arrived/discovered/was preparing
39.The sun late in winter.a. is rising always b. rises always c. is always rising d. always rises
40. While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor.a. watch b. watched c. was watching d. am watching
41.This is the most intersting novel a. I’ve read b. I had read c. I’ve never read d. I’ve ever read
42. When it began to rain, they in the yard.a. played b. had played c.were playing d. have played
43.I haven’t seen you a. since a long time b. for ages c. ages d. for long existence
44. It every day so far this week.a. rained b. has rained c. rains d. is raining
45. I any letter from him yet.a. haven’t received b. will receive c. don’t receive d. didn’t receive
46. We to Dalat several times. It’s a foggy city.a. were b. have been c. were being d. had been
47. Be careful! The bus near.a. will come b. will be coming c. is coming d. has come
48.I haven’t met him since he school.a. left b. was leaving c. had left d. was left

49. My uncle on this farm since he was 20.a. has worked b. have worked c. worked d. was working
50. It me 15 minutes to go to school every morning.a. takes b. has taken c. is takening d. took
51. When I woke up this morning, it a. rained b. was raining c. has rained d. is raining
52. He London 2 years ago and I him since then.
a. left/ hadn’t seen b. left/ haven’t seen c. was living/ haven’t seen d. left/ didn’t seen
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53. By the time Tom got back,Peter a. have gone b. went c. will go d. had gone
Give the correct form of the verbs
1.The sun always (rise) in the east. Look, it (rise)!
2. I don’t think I (go) out tonight. I’m too tired.
3. Where you (spend) your summer holiday last year, Tam?
4. In my country, it (not rain) much in winter.
5. Let’s wait for Lien (arrive) and we (have) dinner.
6. The moon (move) around the earth.
7. Mai (be) very happy when she (receive) a letter from her sister this morning.
8. Would you like (join) my class next Sunday? We (visit) the local museum.
9. My father (read) now. He always (read) a book after dinner.
10. A friend of my brother’s (call) him last night, but he (not be) at home. So I (take) a message for him.
11. - Are you busy this evening?Yes, I (meet) Tuan at the library at seven. We (study) together.
12. Mai (telephone) you when she comes back.
13. When we (be) small, our family (live) in the countryside.
14. Miss Trang is in hospital - Yes, I know. I (visit) her tomorrow.
15. I (read) an interesting book at the moment. I (lend) it to you when I finish it.
16. Look at those black clouds. It (rain).
17. I (not invite) her to the party because I (forget) her phone number.
18. Look! Our new teacher (come). She (have) long, black hair.
19. The boys like (play) games but (hate) do lessons.
20. Please stop (talk); I (try) (finish) a letter to the Y&Y Green Group.
21. His doctor advised him (give up) (smoke).
22. By (work) day and nihgt he succeeded in (finish) the job in time.

23. There (be) many volunteers in Sea Games 22
nd
in Viet Nam in 2003.
24. How long you (know) Mrs. Chi? - I (know) her for five years.
25. Your dog ever (bite) anyone? - Yes, he (bite) a policeman last week.
26. We (not see) her since we (be) on holiday in Ha Long Bay.
27. Phuong (not finish) her homework yet.
28. Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some.
29. She (feed) the cat yet? - Yes, she (feed) it half an hour ago.
30. The weather (become) colder and colder in December.
31. He (cut) my hair too short. - Don’t worry; it (grow) again very quickly.
32.I (not go) out this evening. I (stay) at home.
33. The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?
34. You (be) away? - Yes. I (go) to the country last Sunday.
35. They just (phone) to say that they (not come) back till Friday night.
36. My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to the new town.
37. You should practice (speak) English every day.
38. The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening.
39. We already (finish) the first semester exams.
40. Mr. Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he (forget) most of it.
41. We (have) a party next Sunday. Would you like (come)?
42. While my sister and I (watch) a movie on TV last night, our uncle in the USA (phone).
43. Please continue your work; We don’t mind (wait).
44. Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam (be) a World Herritage Site. It (visit) by millions of people every year.
45. If Mr. Lam (go) to Paris next week, he (see) the Eiffel Tower.
46. I myself (witness) an accident on the Main Road yesterday. A boy (knock) down by a car. Then he (take) to the nearest hospital
47. Most of the Earth’s surface (cover) by water.
48. The first festival (hold) nearly eight hundred years ago.
49. There’s someone behind us. I think we (follow).
50. An interesting book (read) by Lan at the moment.

51. This bike (use) for more than six years.
52. Nowadays, many historical places (destroy) seriously.
53. A new text book (publish) next month.
54. The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. It (visit) by millions of people every year.
55. Since the 1980s more and more paper (recycle).
56. Tet holiday in Viet Nam (celebrate) around January and February.
4
57. Last night when we (visit) him, he (do) an experiment on the upstair.
58. I (not see) your uncle recently. - No. He (not go) out since he (buy) a new color television.
59. Look! The athletes (march) proudly behind their flag.
60. She (not see) that film before.
61. Listen! Why they (cry)? What (happen) to the?
62. As soon as her mother (come) home, all her friends (call) her.
63. She (come) to see you if she arrives here.
64. When I was younger , I (play) football but now I don’t.
65. I (work) on a farm once and had to get up at 5 every morning. It was difficult at first as I (not get up) so early.
66. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
67. I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.
68. I wish that dog (lie down). He (keep) jumping up on my feet. I (think) he (want) to go for a walk.
69. I (lie) in the beach when the phone (ring). It (stop) after a few rings.
70. It (be) cold when we (leave) the house that day, and a light snow (fall).
71. I (walk) along the street when I suddenly (feel) something hit me in the back. I (not know) what it was.
72. When I (see) the man, he (stand) outside the bank. He (have)a cap on.
73. When I (open) the cupboard door, a pile of books (fall) out.
74. I can’t help (feel) anxious about her study.
75. Most people prefer (ride) to (walk).
D¹ng 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc, sö dông th× thÝch hîp
Bµi 1:
1. She (not drink) coffee. She (drink) Coca Cola.
2. It (be) often hot in the summer.

3. What you (do) every evening?
4. The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days.
5. I (see) her very often.
6. Most rivers (flow) into the sea.
7. Vegetarians (not eat) meat.
8. Bees (make) honey.
9. Rice (not grow) in cold climates.
10. Where Martin (come) from? – He (be) Scottish.
Bµi 2: Nien (1) (be) Hoa’s next-door neighbor in Hue. She (2) (be) beautiful. She (3) (have) big brown eyes and a lovely smile.
Last week, she (4) (go) to Ha Noi (5) (visit) Hoa. They (6) (travel) around the city and (7) (see) a lot of interesting places. Nien (8)
(think) Ha Noi (9) (be) beautiful but so noisy and busy, so she (10) (not like) (11) (live) there.
Bµi 3:
1. Bad driving (cause) many accidents.
2. Nga and Hoa (see) a movie tonight.
3. Sue can (speak) Vietnamese very well.
4. Mozart (write) more than 600 pieces of music.
5. How you (learn) to drive? – My father (teach) me.
6. We usually (go) to the library three times a week, but last week we (go) twice.
7. Alexander Graham Bell (introduce) the telephone in 1876.
8. Yesterday I (be) busy, so I (not have) time to phone you.
9. What you (do) next summer vacation?
- I (visit) my grandparents in Nha Trang.
10. Would you like (come) to dinner tomorrow?
Bµi 4:
1.They (award) him a medal for bravery last year.
2. Mr. Brown used (play) football when he (be) young.
3. you (go) out last night?
5. Last night I (go) to bed late. Suddenly I (hear) a noise. I (get) up to see what it (be) but I (not see) anything.
6. What you (use) to do in your free time? – I used (go) fishing.
7. Martha (phone) me yesterday. She’s on holiday in France. She (have) a great time and (not want) to come back.

8. My parents used (live) in Hue. They (be) born and (grow) up there. In 1969, they (move) to Da Nang and then to Saigon. At
present we (live) in a small house in Ho Chi Minh City.
Bµi 5:
5
Although I (1) (have) a car, I prefer (2) (travel) by train, especially if I have to (3) (make) a long journey. As the train (4) (travel)
at full speed through the countryside, I can (5) (relax), drink a coffee, read a book, or just (6) (look) out of the window, sometimes
the movement of the train (7) (keep) me asleep, something you couldnt do while (8) (drive) a car. The trouble (9) (be) that I hate
(10) (wait) in cold stations, and I (11) (get) angry when I have to waste time on (12) (look) for a taxi or a bus at the beginning or
the end of my journey.
Bài 6:
1. Its difficult (climb) this mountain.
2. You must (take) an umbrella. It (rain) now.
3. When I was a child, I used (spend) hours playing with a tin box.
4. In England the sun (not shine) every day.
5. Do you remember the film we (see) last week?
6. Everyone stopped (laugh) when we (come).
7. Sandra practices (speak) her English more frequently.
8. An is in hospital. I (visit) him tomorrow.
9. I like (think) carefully about things before (make) a decision.
10. Ask him (come) in. Dont keep him (stand) at the door.
11. Dont forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed.
12. Did you succeed in (solve) the problem ? Let me (suggest) some solutions.
13. Steve used (be) a football player. He had to stop (play) because of an injury.
14. I prefer (walk) to (ride).
15. Dont try (persuade) me. Nothing can make me (change) my mind.
16. Your poem should (write) in English.
17. Yesterday afternoon, my father (fix) his motorcycle while my mother (cook) dinner.
18. Its a serious problem. I dont know how it can (solve).
19. The teacher ordered Tom (go) to the blackboard.
20. I learned how to swim when I (be) very young. I (teach) by my mother.

21. He said that his mother (not be) very well, so he can not (go) to the party.
22. When we (meet) George and Linda yesterday, we (walk) through the park.
23. What you (do) at eight oclock last night?
We (watch) television.
Bài 7:
1. I couldnt make my car (start) this morning.
2. Mr.Robinson enjoys (listen) to music while he (drive).
3. Jane is trying (avoid) (meet) him.
4. These tigers used (keep) in iron cages.
5. She is said (be) very good at cooking.
6. I hate (laugh) at by other people.
7. Marie Curie (award) the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.
8. A: (you/ ever/ connect) a printer? B: I (know) how to connect it since I (be) twelve.
9. A: Mark (not be) here recently. B: Really? When he (go)? A: He (leave) here three months ago.
10. A: You (see) the film Harry Potter yet?/B: Yes, I (already/ see) it./A: When you (see) it?/B: I (see) it last month.
A1>Dùng các động từ trong ngoặc ở hiện tại đơn hay hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1. Mr Green always (go) to work by bus.
2. It (not rain) in the dry season.
3. They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now.
4. My little sister (drink) milk every day.
5. The doctor sometimes (return) home late.
6. He (write) a long novel at present.
7. Look! The bus (come)
8. The earth (move) around the sun.
9. Something (smell) good in the kitchen now.
10. They often (thank) me for what I do for them.
A 2: Dùng động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn.
1. His uncle (teach) English in our school five years ago.
2. The old man (fall) as he (get) into the bus.
3. They (not go) to the movies last Sunday.

4. When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair.
5. You (find) my fountain pen yesterday?
6
6. Where she (be) at 5 oclock this morning?
7. It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year.
8. The light (go) out when we (study) our lesson.
9. There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday.
10. They (give) me the letter a few minutes ago.
A3: Chia các động từ sau ở hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. They (not speak) to each other since they quarelled
2. I wonder where he (live) since then.
3. You already (drink) three cups of tea since I sat here.
4. I (wait) here for her since 7 oclock and she (not come) yet.
5. John (do) his homework already.
6. We (go) on a picnic in the countryside several times before.
A4: Dùng các động từ trong ngoặc ở thì tơng lai hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.
1. Miss Snow (type) ten letters before lunchtime yesterday.
2. The train (start) before we arrived at he station.
3. There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
4. The films already (begin) when we got to the cinema.
5. He said that he (see) that man before.
6. I (take) my borther to the zoo tomorrow.
7. Mr Brown died after he (be) ill for a long time.
8. You (stay) at home tonight?
9. By December 1
st
last year, he (work) in the bank for 5 years.
10. I (be) twenty years old next June.
A5: Dùng thì đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. Mrs Green (take) Alice to the dentist many times.

2. My sister always (wash) her hands before meals.
3. Hurry up! The train (come) in.
4. I hope it (not rain) when we start early tomorrow.
5. He (sleep) so he did not understand what you said to him.
6. Will you wait a minute while I (look) through the text?
7. You must tell me what you (do) since I last saw you.
8. An economic crisis often (follow) the war.
9. You (witness) many things by the time you die.
10. So far you (make) no mistakes on this exercise.
11. What you (do) at 7 p.m yesterday?
12. We didnt recognize him. He (change) a lot.
13. He discovered to his horror that he (eat) a fly.
14. Where you (spend) your holiday last year?
15. He (do) nothing before he saw me.
16. All of them (sing) when I came.
17. She constantly (invite) me to lunch and dine with her once or twice a year
18. Why didnt you listen while I (speak) to you?
19. They had sold all the books when we (get) there.
20. Where are you? Im upstairs. I (have) a bath.
7
PASSIVE VOICE
I. BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
II.
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. The simple present S + bare - V/ V-s/es S + am/is /are + PP
2. The pre. Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP
3. The present perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/ has + been + PP
4. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + PP
5. The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + be+ V -ing
6. The past perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/has + been + PP

7. The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP
8. The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP
9. The Modal verbs S + can/could/may + bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP
PASSIVE VOICE
1) A group of students have met their friends at the railway station
2) They didn't allow Tom to take these books home
3) The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow
4) How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
5) This well-known library attracts many people
6) All students attended the meeting
7) People say that he is intelligent
8) He can't repair my bike
9) Mary has operated Tom since 10 o'clock
10) This is the second time they have written to us about this
11) Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years
12) They didn't look after the children properly
13) Nobody swept this street last week
14) People drink a great deal of tea in England
15) People speak English all over the world
16) Tom was writing 2 poems
17) She often takes her dog for a walk
18) How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
19) She didn't introduce me to her mother
20) Someone had invented electric lights before I was born
21) Farmers usually milk cows twice a day
22) He likes people to call him "sir"
23) People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars
24) Our teacher used to bid us talk in class
25) Don't let other see you
26) Workers were digging a large hole in the ground

27) Before they took exams they had revised their lesson
28) The car knocked a woman down in the street
29) When he came home his father was reading a newspaper
30) Cows were eating grass on the meadow
31) My cousin will meet you at the station
32) She is running her own company
33) Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom
34) My mother used to make us clean the house
35) John hasn't finished his home work
36) They suggested banning advertisements on TV
37) I will shut the door if you like
38) We have just seen a horrible accident
39) What language do people speak in this country?
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40) At 7 p.m., Mrs. Smith was making cakes
41) He isn't going to buy that house
42) When I was 18 years old my parents didn't allow me to go out in the evening
43) This terrorist has kept 3 hostages for a week
44) He hasn't seen you for years
45) The examiner will read the passage 3 times
46) An earthquake destroyed the town
47) He didn't type the letter last night
48) They will pick me up at my house
49) When did you see him in that bank?
50) My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week
51) A man returned the keys to me
52) Mary will see her friends off at the station
53) You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday
54) He is preparing everything for the presidential election
55) Last Friday when I came to Jane's house she had finished all exercises

56) They will have to pull down that building
57) He gave me a knife to cut this bread
58) People usually steal a lot of goods from supermarkets
59) Countries are finding a way to solve the problem
60) He put the letter in the drawer, then he locked it up
61) She can sew 3 shirts a day
62) By the end of this year we will have learnt 2,000 English words
63) Don't ask for another book until you finish this one
64) We consider that she is the best singer
65) Nobody has used this room for ages
66) Her father was planting different kinds of flowers in the garden
67) I am translating an article from English into Vietnamese
68) The Prime Minister is making a speech at the moment
69) People said he had swallowed a safety pin
70) How many days did she spend finishing the work?
71) Someone is following us
72) She read the letter again and again last night
73) The doctor pulled out one of my teeth yesterday morning
74) The tailor has just made a new suit for me
75) Someone saw him pick up the gun
76) He has caught a lion and shot 2 others
77) He received a letter from home by the evening post
78) I put the 5 pound note into one of my books yesterday
79) After he had told a story, we clapped our hands
80) His wife usually brings him sandwiches at lunch time
81) They were continually asking questions
82) We have to pick fruit very early in the morning
83) How many books do you give me?
84) He always lost keys
85) The light went out while I was making a cup of tea

86) When she went to Barcelona she learnt some Spanish
87) The State will assign our students to different jobs
88) The Government launched the blood drive
89) The students of chemistry made many experiments last week
90) When will you do the work?
91) My brother has sent me this interesting book
92) She asked her mother to let her go
93) He couldn't find his key
94) She used to pull my hat over my eyes
95) For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand
96) A pair of robins have built a nest in the porch since last week
97) The police haven't found the murderer yet
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98) They sold one of her own paintings at $1,000
99) I will put your gloves back in your drawer
100) Have you seen Philip lately?
101) When did you receive my letter?
102) Mr. Speed is dictating 3 letters to Ann
103) I found the book boring
104) Jack felled a tree in the garden yesterday
105) When I came back home my mother was preparing lunch
106) The house was dirty because we hadn't cleared it for weeks
107) People say that they bought this shop last year
108) He wants her to write an article
109) My parents encouraged me to apply for this job
110) A 70-year old pensioner, Mrs. Parker, found a puma in her back garden
111) A teacher should be a person that everyone can respect
112) If I collected a lot of shells on the beach I would give you some
113) People believed that the policeman had saved many children from the fire
114) European countries decided to put a high tax on petrol

115) People say that the decision imposes tight restrictions on cross-border trade
116) My sister often makes me do the washing up
117) The policeman allows all vehicles to go when traffic lights are green
118) Everyone believes him right
119) We made her head of the class
120) They were carrying the injured player off the field
121) I like you to take photographs
122) Haven't you yet found out information about the trains to Hanoi?
123) Peter advised me not to sell this flat
124) He urged the Government to pass the law
125) She decided to paint her house blue
126) My classmates used to call me John
127) Mr. Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow
128) You should pay more attention to your study
129) He heard the bell ring
130) Did anyone take English books away?
131) The major ordered the soldiers to march
132) Before we gave you our decision we had thought carefully
133) Do people use milk for making butter and cheese?
134) Did they build that house in 1972?
135) They didn't invite me to the birthday party
136) The teacher will give her a prize if she works well
137) People said that he could swim across this river
138) The policeman showed you the way to Thule zoo
139) He won't tell me the truth about the situation
140) They can see the valley from the top of this hill
141) All the students choose him the monitor
142) You must wash your hands
143) My favorite football team hasn't won many matches so far this season
144) My father has used this bicycle for 5 years

145) The government is taking measures to attract foreign investment
146) Someone broke into her house last night
147) How do you spend this amount of money?
148) Pauld didn't tell me the ending of the story
149) She needs English for her work
150) Have you seen any good films so far?
151) They didn't see you at the bus stop
152) How did you break your leg?
153) My dog is attacking the postman
154) I couldn't catch any fish
155) Mrs. White was drawing diagrams on the blackboard
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156) Most of the boys listened to the teacher attentively
157) She promised not to report me to the police
158) I believed one of the dogs had discovered some cannabis
159) The cashier used to do the accounts
160) The computer can do all the accounts
161) My dictionary doesn't give any example of this word
162) The local council decided to rebuild the house opposite the college
163) She asked me to lend her $10
164) She is going to buy a cookery book
165) The policeman is sticking a parking ticket to the windscreen
166) All the tourist guides can speak at least 3 foreign languages
167) Mr. Nam gives lectures in universities everyday
168) How do you make a survey?
169) I found this baby bird at the foot of a tree
170) She couldn't catch his name
171) I needn't wind this watch
172) They were watching her on closed circuits TV
173) They can't carry the piano upstairs

174) He often sends postcards to his mother
175) Daisy is hanging all the washing out
176) Why did people think Halloween was important?
177) Why don't you write a novel?
178) He saw you shopping
179) Will you post this letter on the way to work?
180) Children should teat old men with respect
181) She is taking care of the baby girl
182) He immediately accepted his guilt
183) I am sure that I will prepare everything carefully
184) I advise my sister to put her moneybox under the carpet
185) How many ways can you solve this problem?
186) He gave the magazine back to me
187) Tom borrowed her book and lost it
188) Someone turned on a light and opened the door
189) Lan left her bag in the classroom
190) Some students haven't submitted their assignments to the teacher on time
191) They brought their children up in Italy
192) After 10 minutes he will call us in
193) They are repairing my piano now
194) You must keep dogs outside shops
195) The postman usually leaves letters in the hall
196) You can't wear this shirt because it is very small
197) The government is launching an anti - smuggling campaign
198) He can speak 4 foreign languages
199) She used to make cloth puppets
11
INDIRECT SPEECH
I. DIRECT SPEECH:
1. Statement: ( Câu thông báo, gồm câu khẳng đ nh và câu ph đ nh)ị ủ ị

a. Affirmative: Jason said, " Tom has worked here since last year."
Negative : I don't like that house", she said.
2. Questions:
a. Yes- No question: Are you tired?", Tom asked me./ Do you work here?", Tom asked.
b. Wh/ How- questions: " When did you go to bed last night?", the policeman asked him.
" How long have you been there?", Jason asked.
3. Command and request: Go away!", she told us. — " Open the door, please", she requested.
4. Exclamation: How intelligent he is!", she said. — " What a lovely garden!"
II. INDIRECT SPEECH:
1.1. Indirect speech th ng dùng đườ ể kể lại, thuật lại lời nói của người khác
1.2. Reporting verbs:
E.g. a. " Where did you go last night?", Mary asked John.
Mary asked John where he had gone the night before.
( Khi reporting verb(s) ở present / future thì chúng ta thay đổi ừ liên quan đến người; khi reporting verb(s) ở quá khứ, chúng ta
phải thay đổi tenses, persons, adverbs và đôi khi cả động từ)
b. - I shall come back to this restaurant .", he said.
E.g. He has said that he will come back to that restaurant.
He said that he would come back to that restaurant.
1.3. Changing persons:
I → he/ she; me/you → him/her; my → his/ her
We → they ; us → them; our → their
Mine → his/hers ; our → theirs ; myself → himself/herself.
1.4. Changing tenses:
* General rule : “ We have to go one tense back if reporting verb is at a past tense”.
1. Present → Past ; 2. Past → Past perfect ; 3. Future → Future in the Past
* Present perfect → Past perfect * Future perfect → Modal perfect (would have V3/Ved)
* can → could/ may → might / have to, has to → had to/
* must → had to or must ( deduction or possibility):
→ He said that George must be a fool to behave like that.
* mustn’t (prohibition) → mustn’t / couldn’t :

→ The guard said we mustn’t / couldn’t cross the border.
* needn’t → didn’t have to, needn’t.
→ The boss said that I needn’t/ didn’t have to come in the next day.
* shall (future) → would : “ I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said
→ She said she would tell him exactly what she thought.
* shall ( offers, suggestions, requests for advice) → should:
- “ Shall I speak to him in person?”, she asked.→ She asked whether she should speak to him in person.
• Unchanging: would rather/ had better/ should/ ought to/ used to/ had + V3/ conditionals 2,3/ past subjunctive…
1.5. Changing time:
Now → then/ immediately; today → that day; tonight → that night ;
Yesterday → the previous day/ the day before; last night → the night before
Tomorrow → the next day/ the following day; two days ago → two days before/ earlier
The day after tomorrow → two days after. The day before yesterday → two days before/ earlier
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1.6. Changing adverbs of place:
Here → there ; this place → that place
1.7. Changing verbs: come/ bring → go/ take
* Jason said to me,” I’ll go to your birthday party.” Jason said that he would come to my birthday party
III. HOW TO CHANGE :
1. Statement:
said (to O)
S + told (O) THAT S + V (changed) + ( O/ C/ A)
reported …
1. “ I like your dress.”, she said to me. → She tells me that she likes my dress.
2. “ I like your dress.”, she said to me. → She told me that she liked my dress.
3. “ You haven t learnt’ well recently.”, they said to Jason.
→ They said to/ told Jason that he hadn t learnt’ well recently.
2. QUESTIONS:
2.1. Yes- No question:
asked O

S + wondered IF/WHETHER S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A)
wanted to know
IF/ WHETHER: (liệu có hay không.)
1. He asked me," Do you like these trousers?" - He asked me if I liked those trousers.
2. "Will you go to school next Sunday, Jack?" asked Mary.
- Mary asked Jack whether he would go to school the next Sunday.
Notes:
a.
Yes
and
no
are expressed in indirect speech by: subject + appropriate auxiliary verb:
- He said, 'Can you swim?' and I said 'No' .
→ He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn't.
-He said, 'Will you have time to do it?' and I said 'Yes'
→ He asked if I would have time to do it and I said that I would.
b. whether can emphasize that a choice has to be made:
- 'Do you want to go by air or sear the travel agent asked
→ The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
* Note whether or not:
'Do you want to insure your luggage or not?”, he asked
→ He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage or
→ He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
c. whether + infinitive is possible after wonder, want to know:
'Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?”, he wondered
→ He wondered whether to wait for them or go on or
→ He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on.
d. whether is neater if the question contains a conditional clause as otherwise there would be two ifs.: 'If you get the job
will you move to York?' Bill asked
→ Bill asked whether, if I got the job, I'd move to York.

2.2. Wh- questions:
asked O
S + wondered wh- / how- S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A)
wanted to know
* Wh-: Who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which/ when/ where/ why
* How-: How long/ how far/ how often/ how old
1. "Where did you go yesterday?" → I asked her where she had gone the day before.
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2. They asked ," How can you repair this machine, John?"
→ They asked John how he could repair that machine.
3."Why did the dog bark violently last night, Daisy?", asked Tom.
→ Tom asked Daisy why the dog had barked violently the night.
3. COMMAND & REQUEST:
asked/ told….
S + ordered…. + O + ( not) to infinitive…
requested/ advised
* Don t Not to infinitive’ →
1. The teacher told students," Open your books now."
→ The teacher told students to open their books then/ immediately.
2." Don't enter this area.", said the guard to the boys.
→ The guard ordered the boys not to enter that area.
4. EXCLAMATION:
4.1.
S + exclaimed / said / told (O) that + S + V (ch.) + (O/C/A)
He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!”
→ He exclaimed/ said that it was a dreadful idea/ was dreadful.
4.2.
S + exclaimed/ said / told (O) + what (a/an) adj N (s) + S + V(ch.)
+ how adj/ adv. + S + V (ch.)
He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!”

→ He said that what a dreadful idea it was/ how dreadful it was.
4.3.
S + gave an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror/ relief/ surprise…
“ Good.”, he exclaimed. → He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction.
4.4.
With an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror…, S + V + ( O/ C/ A)
“ Ugh!”, she exclaimed and turned the programme off.
With an exclamation of disgust, she turned the programme off
NOTES:

a
. Other types of exclamation, such as
Good!/ Marvellous! (Tuy t!)/ Splendid!(H t s y!) ệ ế ẩ Heavens!( Tr i ờ
i!)/ Oh!(O!)/ ơ Uah!
(ghê quá!) etc. can be reported as
,
in (b) or (c) above:
b. Note also:
He said, 'Thank you!' = He thanked me.
He said, 'Curse this fog!' = He cursed the fog.( nguy n r a, ch i r a)ề ủ ử ủ
He said, 'Good luck!' = He wished me luck.
He said, 'Happy Christmas!' = He wished me a happy Christmas.
He said, 'Congratulations!' = He congratulated me.
He said, 'Liar!' = He called me a liar.
He said, 'Damn!'etc. = He swore.
The notice said: WELCOME TO WALES'. =The notice welcomed visitors to Wales.
NOTES:
1. Had better : She said to Jason,” You’d better arrive on time,”
→ She said that Jason had better arrive on time.
→ She advised Jason to arrive on time

2. “ If I were you…” : “ If I were you, I should get another lawyer.”, she said.
→ She said that if she were me, she would get another lawyer. (LM, p.291)
→ She advised me to get another lawyer.
→ She told me that I should get another lawyer.
14
3. “ What about…?” → suggest :
“ What about go camping?”, he continued.
→ He suggested going camping.
4. “ Why don’t you…?” → suggest / advise : She asked, “ Why don’t you visit Jane?”
→ She suggested that I (should) visit Jane.
→ She suggested my visiting Jane
→ She advised me to visit Jane.
5. “ Will…you?”/ Would…you?” / “ Could… you?” → “ say that…be + to inf.”/ “ suggest. that….(should) V…” / “
order that…” / “ order SO to do sth”…
“ Will you stop talking?”, said the teacher.
→ The teacher ordered(told) them to stop talking.
→ The teacher said that they were to stop talking.
→ The teacher suggested that they (should) stop talking.
6. “ Would you mind + Ving…?” → ask … to inf / ask if….would mind + V-ing.
“ Would you mind opening the window?”, said Jason to the boy.
→ Jason asked the boy to open the window.
→ Jason asked the boy if he would mind opening the window.
7. “ Let’s….” → suggest + V-ing / suggest that….shoul + V …
Marie said to her friends, “ Let’s wait here.”
→ Marie suggested their waiting there.
→ Marie suggested that they should wait there.
8.“ Let + O + V …” → ask….to let….
“ Let me go”, said Jason to his principal teacher.
→ Jason asked his principal teacher to let him go.
• Reporting command and request depends on situation, speaker’s position, which helps to choose the accurate

reporting verb.
• Some famous verbs that are used to report command& request
1. advise SO (not) to do sth: (khuyen ai nen lam/ khong nen lam viec gi)
* The doctor advised the patient to take those pills.
* Teacher usually advises his/her students not to smoke.
2. apologize (to SO) for doing/ having done sth: ( xin loi ai vì da lam gi)
* She apologized (to her boss) for being late yesterday.
3. ask/ tell sO (not) to do sth: ( yeu cau, sai, bao ai lam/ khong lam gi)
* My parents asked me to study hard.
* Jason told us (not) to shut the door.
4. command/ order sO to do sth: ( ra lenh cho ai phai lam gi)
* The officer commanded/ ordered his men to fire.
5. object to (doing) sth: ( phan doi (lam) viec gi)
* I strongly objected to being charged a fee for using my credit card.
Object + that : I objected that he was too young for the job.
6. request sO to do sth: (yeu cau ai lam gì) – be requested to do sth : (duoc yeu cau lam gi)
* The police requested drivers to take care on the icy road.
( Drivers were requested to take care on the icy road.)
7. suggest : goi y/ de nghi
Suggest + V-ing: - He suggested taking the children to the zoo.
Suggest + that : - I suggested that we (should) break for lunch now.
Suggest (to SO) that: - I suggested to the others that they could join us.
8. remind sO to do sth: ( nhac ai laøm gi)
* Please remind me to buy a loaf of bread.
9. deny doing sth/ deny that : phu nhan, khong thua nhan (da lamgi).
* She denied knowing anything about it.
* He denied that he had been involved.
10. accuse sO of (doing) sth: ( len an ai da lam gi)
* The policeman accused the boy of stealing the bicycle.
15

* Jason accused his neighbor of thief
11. regret: hoi han/ hoi tiec:
- regret + V-ing : - I regretted (his) ever raising the matter.
- regret + that : - I regret that I cannot help.
- regret + to inf. : We regret to inform you that your applications have been unsuccessful.
12. allow/ permit sO to do sth: cho phep ai lam gi
13. beg(ged) sO to do sth: cau xin ai lam gi.
14. urge sO to do sth: thuc giuc ai lam gi ……
EXERCISES:
I. 1 He said, 'Get out of my way.' 2 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered.
3 'Please pay at the desk,' said the assistant. 4 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective.
5 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs. Pitt,' said her solicitor. 'Leave it all to me.'
6 'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I warned him. 7 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver.
8 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant. 9 'Have confidence in me,' urged the doctor.
10 'Take me up to the 33rd floor,' he said to the liftman.
II. 1 'What happened to Mr. Budd?' said one of the men. 2 'Which of his sons inherited his estate?' asked another.
3 'Who is going to live in the big house?' enquired a third. 4 'What will happen to his racehorses?' asked someone else.
5 'Which team has won?' asked Ann. 6 'Which team won the previous match?' said Bill.
7 'Who is playing next week?' he asked. 8 'Who will be umpiring that match?' asked Tom.
9 'Who wants a lift home?' said Ann. 10 'Who has just dropped a $10 note?' I asked.
III.
1 'What country do you come from?' said Bill. 2 'How long have you been here?' said Ann.
3 'Are you working as well as studying?' asked Peter. 4 'Have you got a work permit?' Bill wanted to know.
5 'What are you going to study?' asked Ann. 6 'Have you enrolled for more than one class?' said Peter.
7 'Do you want to buy any second-hand books?' said Bill. 8 'Have you seen the library?' asked Ann.
9 'Do you play rugby?' said Peter. 10 'Will you have time to play regularly?' he went on.
IV.
1 Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day.
2 Ann accepted with pleasure and asked where he was thinking of going.
3 He said he'd leave it to her.

4 She suggested Stratford . . .
5 adding that she hadn't been there for ages.
6 Tom agreed and said that they might go on the river if it was a fine day.
7 Ann wondered what was on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.
8 Tom said they'd find out when they got there
9 adding that it was usually possible to get seats on the day of the play.
10 He asked Ann if she could be ready by ten.
V.
1. My friend said, "Are you going to leave tomorrow?"
2."Have you done your homework?", said my mother.
3. I asked Bill, "What time did you go to bed last night?"
4. Paul said "I must go home now."
5."There's been an accident and the road is blocked", said the policeman.
6. "We are waiting for the school bus", said the children.
7. Mary said, "My father died a year ago".
8."Must you go now?", said Mr. Brown.
9."Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?", his mother asked him.
10."It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", said the teacher.
11."Be modest if you are a good pupil", said my father.
12."Shut the door but don't lock it" she said to us.
16
13. Tom said, "New York is bigger than London".
EXERCISE 5: Turn these sentences into reported speech:
1. “You took the money”, he said.(accuse)
2. “I stole his bicycle”, he said to the police.(admit)
3. He said to the police, “I didn’t steal the bike”.(deny)
4. He said, “I’m sorry I’m late”. (apologize)
5. “I’ll drive you to the airport. I insist.”, John said to Linda.(insist)
6. “I’m happy to hear that you have passed the final exam. Congratulations!”, Jim said to me. (congratulate)
7. “It was nice of you to invite me to dinner. Thank you.”, Miss White said to George. (thank)

8. Don’t play with the matches.”, I said to Jack. (warn against)…
9. “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier.”, Margaret said to him.(apologize)
10. “I’ve always wanted to be a pilot.”, Paul said to his friends.(dream)
11. “You didn’t do what I said.”, the mother said to her son. (accuse)
12. The police said to the thief, “You broke the traffic rules.” (blame)
13. The student said , “I didn’t cheat in the exam.” (deny)
14. Tom said to Kate, “I would drive you to the station.” (insist)
15. Ba said to his father, “I broke the window glass this morning.” (admit)
16. “We should go for a picnic on Sunday.”, said Linda. (suggest)
17. “I always want to be a rich man.”, said David. (dream )
18. The manager told the visitors, “Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport.” (warn against / warn to-inf)…… …
19. “Let’s eat out tonight.’, said Tom. (suggest)
20. “It’s too expensive to have dinner at a restaurant.”, Tom objected. (object)
21. “I must have made a mistake in the calculations.”, said Mr Forest.(admit)
22. “I’ll pay for the meal.”, Sarah insisted. (insist)
23. Neil told us, “Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.” (suggest)
24. “I’m sorry. I couldn’t come to visit you last summer.”, Kate said to her parents. (apologize)
25. “I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!”, Said Dane. (congratulate)
26. “I wish I’d asked for his name and address.”, said Tom. (regret)
27. James said to Daisy, “You are selfish.” (accuse)
28. “You mustn’t drink too much caffeine.”, Marta said to Martin. (warn against / warn to-inf))…… …
29. “We should take the jumper back to the shop.”, Jack said to us.(recommend + O + to-inf / recommend + gerund)
30. “It’s not true! I have never been arrested by the police.”, Larry said. (deny)
EXERCISE 6: Complete the following sentences without changing their meanings:
1. The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.” The doctor advised me
2. Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.” Mary suggested
3. “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said. Bill denied
4. “You told a lie, Tom”, she said. She accused Tom
5. “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary. Mary apologized for
6. “I won’t help you with your homework. Never ! ” Jane said to me. Jane refused

7. Joe said, “Please come to my party.” Joe invited
8. Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street.” Mr. Gray warned the children not
9. “Would you like to come on a picnic with us? They invited
10. “Please don’t tell anybody what happened.” He asked
11. “If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.” She threatened
12. “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.” John promised
13. “You ought to take a break, Andrew.” She advised
14. “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work.” They reminded
15. “Stay away from me.” Tom warned
16. “Why don’t we sing a few songs?” He suggested
17. “You can’t run out of the garden,” Ms. Kelly said to the children. Ms. Kelly prevented the children
18. “Are you the new manager, Daisy? Congratulations!” said Bill. Bill congratulated
19. “Please give me some more money, Mum,” Daisy said. Daisy insisted her mother
20. “You can stay in my house when I am on holiday.” Jim told us
.21. “I’ve been spending a lot more time with my children.” He said
22. “John left here an hour ago.” She told me
23. “Oh, I’m too hot.” He said
24. “Are you enjoying yourself?” He wanted to know
25. “What’s the weather like?” She asked me
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26. Will Ted and Alice be at the party? She asked us
27. Does Ann always go to church on Sundays? He wondered
28. How can I solve the problem? I wanted to know
29. Did you study hard for the exam? She asked
30. What did you think of the performance yesterday? She asked me
Mệnh đề quan hệ
A. Grammar.
I. Relative clauses - Mệnh đề quan hệ
* Mệnh đề quan hệ hay còn đợc gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ, vì nó dùng để bổ nghĩa hay nói về danh từ chỉ ngời, vật đứng trớc nó.
Mệnh đề quan hệ thờng bắt đầu bằng một đại từ quan hệ.

1. Đại từ quan hệ: (relative pronouns): Gồm có đại từ quan hệ chỉ ngời - Who, Whom, That. V i t quan h chit vt - WHICH
- Who: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ ngời, nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ ngời đứng vế trớc và làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề sau.Ex: I know a lot
of people. They live in Ho Chi Minh city.
I know a lot of people who live in HCM city.
The boy is my son. He is in red hat
The boy who is in red hat is my son
- Whom: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ ngời, nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ ngời đứng trớc và làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề sau.
Ex: This is the girl. You wanted to meet her last week.
This is the girl who you wanted to meet last week.
- Which: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ ngời, nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ vật đứng vế trớc và làm chủ ngữ cho
mệnh đề sau.
Ex: I lost the pen. It is red. I lost the pen which is red
- Which : là đại từ quan hệ chỉ ngời, nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ ngời đứng vế trớc và làm tân ngữ cho
mệnh đề sau.
ex: The book is for reference. I bought it 2 years ago.
This book which I bought for 2 years ago is for reference
2. Đại từ quan hệ sở hữu - Whose. là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ ngời vế trớc và làm tính từ sở hữu của
mệnh đề sau.
Ex: The girl is very beautiful. Her dress is red.
The girl WHOSE dress is red is beautiful
3. Trạng từ quan hệ: Where / When
- WHERE: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn ở vế trớc và làm trang ngữ chỉ nơi chốn của
mệnh đề sau.
EX: Kim Lien is the village . Uncle was born in this village.
Kim Lien is the village WHERE Uncle Ho was born
- WHEN: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chỉ thời gian ở vế trớc và làm trang ngữ chỉ thời gian của
mệnh đề sau.
Ex: Lunar New Year is the days. Family member gather on that days
Lunar New Year is the days WHEN family member gather
II. Other forms: Một số dạng khác

7. Making suggestions:
S + suggest + V-(ing) +
S1 + suggest + (that) + S2 + should + V(infinitive) +
8. Adverbs clauses of concession: although/ though/ even though : mặc dù (chỉ sự nhợng bộ)
Ex: He went to school although/ though/ even though he was tired.
B. Exercises
E1: Điền đại từ quan hệ đúng (who, whom, which, whose) vào các khoảng trống:
1. The boys are playing in the garden are my cousins.
2. He finally married the girl . he loved.
3. The flowers .my friend gave me have withered.
4. Mary is the girl bicycle was stolen yesterday.
5. The vegetables Mr Green sells are not fresh.
6. Is this the book .you lost?
7. The singer you like best is Miss White.
8. The street leands to my school is very wide.
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9. Your friend, name I can’t remember, made a lot of noise.……
10. The rever from .we get our water-supply is nearly empty.……
E2: KÕt hîp c¸c cÆp c©u sau, sö dông ®¹i tõ quan hÖ Who, Whom, Which, Whose
1. Alice is my friend. Alice’s mother died last year.
2. The boy will be punished. He threw that stone.
3. My sister wants to speak to you. You met my sister yesterday.
4. The flowers were roses. I bought the flowers for my sister.
5. Do you know the boy? He sat next to me at the dinner party.
6. Swimming makes people strong. Swimming is a good sport.
7. The woman is a nurse. Wwe saw the woman’s daughter last week.
8. The man is the doctor. My parents bought the man’s house.
9. The car was very modern. Mr Green was driving the car.
10. the paint on the chair is still wet. You are sitting on that chair.
11. The man is a secretary. You saw the man at the desk.

12. The house was built twenty years ago. We are living in the house.
13. The girl is very beautiful. Her dress is red.
14. Wiliam is my uncle. I went fishing with Wiliam last Sunday.
15. Jane is a woman. Jane is going to China next year.
E3: Nèi c¸c cÆp c©u sau ®©y dïng cÆp tõ quan hÖ When, Where.
1. That’s the room. The meeting is help in that room.
2. I’ll always remember the day. I first saw that sight on that day.
3. She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there.
4. No one knows the school. My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago.
5. Please ask them the time. The train started the trip at that time.
6. New Year’s Day is a day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then.
7. There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.
8. We’ll take you to Dalat. You can enjoy pure air there.
9. You can’t enjoy hiking in winter. Snow covers everything in winter.
10. The field is very fertile. They plant potatoes in the field.
EX1 Fill in the blank with : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHOSE
1. What is the name of the girl …………… is wearing a white blouse?
2. I don’t like food……………… is very spicy.
3. Do you see the girl ………………… you told me last night?
4. Last week, I return to my home village………………… I was born.
5. I never forget the day …………………… you gave me s surprise birthday party.
6. He is the man…………. friends always trust him.
7. The hotel ……………… we stayed wasn’t very clean.
8. Is there any thing…………………. I can do?
9. The girl ……………………. eyes are blue is Miss Lan.
10. I enjoy reading the book…………………… my mother gave me on my last birthday.
EX2. Rewrite the sentences, using “ Relative Clauses”
1.This is the student. I talked to him last night .
→
2.She is taking about the girl .The girl learn with her daughter.

→
3.The lion tamer is rather tall .Her hair is black.
→
4.The chair was broken .My father used to on it .
→
5.Christmas Day is the day .We often have festivals on it .
→
6.The schoolyard was in bad condition. We used to play on it .
→
EX3 Use the relative pronouns to combine these sentences :
1.They are talking about the clowns .The clowns made them excited.
2.I was sitting on the chair .It suddenly collapsed
3.The city was beautiful .We spent our holidays there
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4.May Day is the day .We will come on that day
5.I saw some houses .Most of them were still good
6.You never tell me the thing . You know it
7.The car was broken down. The roof of the car was damaged
8.Do you know her ? The girl is sitting behind me .
EX4. Choose the best answer :
1. She feels tired and sleepy (so/ because/ but/ and) she stayed up late watching TV, last night.
2. William suggested (to stay/ staying/ stay/ stayed) at home for a change.
3. What about (to go/ go/ going/ have gone) for a ride?
4. Can you turn (on/ off/ in/ for) the light? It’s too dark.
5. If it is raining this evening, I (will go out/ don’t go out/ go out/ won’t go out).
6. The baby (laughed happy/ happily laughs/ laughed happily/ happy laughed) as she played with her toy.
7. Who is going to (look for/ look up/ look after/ look out) your children when you are at work?
8. Mary’s eyes are weak (but/ however/ and/ therefore), she has to wear classes.
9. (Why don’t we/ I suggest/ How about/ Let’s) put all the guests on the first floor?
10. I am very tired (so/ because/ but/ and) I have to finish my homework before going to bed.

11. She missed the train (so/ because/ but/ and), she went to work late.
12. Lan suggested (to go/ going/ go/ went) out.
13. Let’s (to go/ go/ going/ have gone) for a ride.
14. Can you turn (on/ off/ in/ for) the TV? I want to see the film .
15. If it is raining tomorrow, I (will stay/ don’t stay/ stay/ won’t stay) at home.
16. The baby (cried loud/ loudly cried/ cried loudly/ loud cried) as Ba picked her up.
17. Who is going to (look for/ look up/ look after/ look out) your house when you are out?
18. I was tired (but/ however/ and/ therefore), I went to bed.
19. (Why don’t we/ I suggest/ How about/ Let’s) putting all the guests on the first floor?
20. Lan is very tired ( so/ because/ but/ and) she has to finish my homework before going out.
21. Our teacher asked us ( to work / work / working ) hard for the exams .
22. .We should (select /destroy / recycle / produce ) waste paper to save money and labor .
23. They were amused ( in / at/ about / with ) the T.V programs ,last night .
24. Oliver Twist and other boys in the orphanage were ( well-educated / well-treated /ill-treated ) .
25. Oliver Twist was ( happy/ unhappy / beloved ) that he ran away to London.
Read and answer:
In many secondary schools in Britain, wearing uniform is compulsory. Many schools say that there are many disadvantages to this system.
Most students don’t like school uniform. They say that they don’t have a chance to change their clothes. The main reason why most students
don’t like school uniform is because most schools choose such colors and styles that don’t suit young people at all.
1. Is wearing uniform in many secondary schools in Britain compulsory or optional?
………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Do most students like school uniform?
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. What do they say?
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Why do most students dislike school uniform?
………………………………………………………………………………….
EX6 Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks :2
books, reading , research, small, developing , love, , reference, library cards ,library
My friend's mother works in the (1) in my school .It's rather (2) but well-equipped. So, she's busy all the day long. She

always stands at her desk and is ready to help those who come there to read or to do (3) After receiving the readers'
(4) , she helps them to use the card-catalogue and find the (5) they want to borrow. She always feels
happy to satisfy all the readers' needs because she thinks the books are helpful in (6) the children’s intelligence and
creating their (7) for (8) .
EX7- Choose A, B, C, D to complete the passage:1,5
These days it is impossible to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are doing to the environment. The earth is being
polluted (1)………the future looked bad. (2)…… can each of us do?
We cannot clean up our polluted rivers and seas overnight. Nor we can stop the (3)…………… of plants and animals. But we can stop
adding to the problem while scientists look for the answers.
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It may not be easy to change your lifestyle (4)……………….but some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of driving you do, or
use as little plastic as possible. It is also easy to save (5)……………., which also reduces the household bills. We must all make a personal
decision to work for the future of our earth if we want to ensure a better world (6)…………our grandchildren.
1. A. and B. however C. so D. moreover
2. A. where B. when C. why D. what
3. A. appear B. appearance C. disappear D. disappearance
4. A. complete B. completeness C. completely D. to complete
5. A. coffee B. energy C. money D. health
6. A. from B. for C. to D. in
EX8 - Fill in the gap withsuitable word in the box
farming destroying serious cooperation (su hop tac) important fast
Nowadays, people are destroying rain forests of the earth (17) It is estimated that every year 100,000 square kilometers of rain
forests are destroyed for the supply of wood paper and fuel as well as for the (18) land. Rain forests are very (19) for the world
climate .They receive the rainfall on the earth and produce a large amount of the world’s oxygen. (20) rain forests, therefore, is
destroying our environment . Saving rain forests is an (21) problem. Nations need (22) To save rain forests, if not it will be late.
EX9- Read the passage and choose the best answers: (2pts)
People from North America and Europe are interested in saving natural (21)_________. As the world’s energy resources (coal,
gas, and oil) (22)______limited, they try not to waste them. Like foodstuff, water and electricity are (23)_________in people’s lives,
(24)__________they are used economically in most households. Nowadays, most (25)___________bulbs are replaced with energy-saving
ones. As a result, a lot of electricity is (26)__________, and the costs of the electricity (27)__________are reduced. When buying a new

appliance, consumers are often interested (28)__________knowing how energy-efficient each model is.
21. A. beauty B. environnent C. sources D. ressources
22. A. is B. are C. has D. have
23. A. necessities B. luxuries C. resources D. appliances
24. A. and B. because C. but D. so
25. A. light B. standard C. saving D. cheap
26. A. used B. spent C. saved D. wasted
27. A. bills B. accounts C. wastes D. counters
28. A. at B. of C. in D. about
EX10. Read the following passage and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (2 points)
There are many celebrations throughout the year in Viet Nam, but Tet or the Lunar New Year is the most important celebration for Vietnamese
people. Tet usually occurs in late January or early February. A few days before Tet is the time for people to clean and decorate their homes.
During Tet, people, old and young, enjoyed special food cooked on the occasion of Tet. It is also the time for family members to be together.
T F
1. The Lunar New Year is another name for Tet
2. Tet usually begins in early January
3. People often make their houses nice and new for Tet.
4. Tet is the time for family reunions
EX11. Correct the tense and form of the verbs.
My uncle (be) …………(1)…… an engineer. He (be) …………(2)…… an engineer for 15 years. He now (work) …………(3)…… in a factory
in Binh Duong. He like (play) …………(4)…… football. He (go ) …………(5)…… to play football once a week at an amateur football club in
the town. Last month he (go) …………(6)…… to Singapore. He (stay ) …………(7)…… in a hotel by the sea and (swim ) …………(8)…… a
lot. Since he (return) …………(9)…… home, I (not see) …………(10)…… him but I hear H (travel) …………(11)…… to France next week. I
hope to meet him soon
EX12: Each of the sentence has a mistake. Find and correct it.
1. If she will come this afternoon, we’ll take her to the Water Park. ………………………………………………………………
2. He might staying at home today because he isn’t very well. ………………………………………………………………
3. The boy which he met you yesterday in my closest friend. ………………………………………………………………
4. Linh didn’t send me any postcard since she went on holiday. ………………………………………………………………
5. My teacher suggested to give lessons to poor children ………………………………………………………………

1. The conditional sentence (C©u ®iÒu kiÖn)
Mét c©u ®iÒu kiÖn thêng cã hai mÖnh ®Ò lµ mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh vµ mÖnh ®Ò phô (mÖnh ®Ò if). MÖnh ®Ò phô cã thÓ ®Æt tríc
hoÆc ®Æt sau mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
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Có 3 loại câu điều kiện căn bản sau:
I. Câu điều kiện loại 1: Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai
Mệnh đề phụ với If Mệnh đề chính
Simple present
Simple future
Simple present
Bare infinitive.
Ví dụ: If I have time, I shall visit you.
John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
If you hear from Jane, please call me.
II. Câu điều kiện loại 2: Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện không có thật xảy ra ở hiện tại
Mệnh đề phụ với If Mệnh đề chính
Past Subjunctive
(To be chia were ở các ngôi, động từ thờng chia ở
quá khứ)
Would
Could
Should + V
Might
Ví dụ: If I had much money, I would buy a new bicycle.
(I dont have money)
If you practised English every day, you could speak if fluently.
If I were you, I would not tell him about that.
Exercises: Dùng hình thức cho các động từ trong ngoặc:
1. If you (go) away, please write to me.
2. If he (eat) another cake, he will be sick.

3. If it is convenient, lets (meet) at nine oclock.
4. I (not do) that if I (be) you.
5. If he (take) my advice, everything can go well.
6. He never does his homework. If he (do) his homework, he (not worry) about his examination.
7. Its too bad we lost the game. If you (play) for us, we (win).
8. What you (do) if she refuses your invitation?
9. If today (be)Sunday, we (go) to beach.
10. They (make) fewer mistakes if they were more carefull.
11. You (be) ill if you drilk that water.
12. If Tom (go) to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.
13. If its raining heavily, we (not go) for a donkey ride.
14. If he (try) hard, hell pass the examination.
15. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly.
2. Cách dùng của động từ wish
Động từ wish (ớc ao, mong ớc) thờng đợc dùng để diễn tả những ớc muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực
hiện.
I. Future wish: (ớc muốn ở tơng lai)
Cấu trúc: S + wish(es) + S + Would + V
Ví dụ: I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow.
My mother wishes she would visit London some day.
II. Present wish: (ớc muốn ở hện tại)
Cấu trúc: S + wish(es) + S + V (động từ to be chia were/ động từ thờng chia quá khứ)
Ví dụ: I wish I wree at the seaside now.
He wiskes he could speak English fluently.
Exercise 1: Đặt ra những ớc muốn trái với nhũng sự kiện sau đây.
1. I dont have time to study.
2. My friend, John lost his pen.
3. I cant answer th questions.
4. They will leave for France next week.
5. We are not living in England.

6. She wont visit me began.
7. He is so stupid.
8. My younger brother play in the street all day.
Exercise 2: Dùng hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
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1. I wish I (see) that film on television again.
2. We wish she (be) our teacher of English.
3. I wish our team (play) better next time.
4. I wish I (be) a lion tamer.
5. I wish I (can) play the piano.
6. The little boy wishes he (become) an acrobat when he grows up.
3. Comparison (so sánh)
I. So sánh bằng nhau:
As + adj/adv + As = bằng, nh
Ex: John is as tall as tom.
She runs as quickly as her brother.
Not as/ so as = không bằng
Less .than = kém hơn.
Ex: He is not so good as his brother.
I am less rich than you.
II. So sánh hơn:
1. Đối với tính từ ngắn (có 1 vần), tính từ có 2 vần tận cùng bằng y, ow, er, và trạng từ ngắn có một vần:
Adj/ adv + er + + than = hơn
Ex: Mr Brown is older thanh my father.
He drives faster than I (do).
2. Đối với các tính từ có 3 vần trở lên hoặc có 2 vần nhng không có tận cùng bằng y, ow, er và trạng từ dài (trạng từ
có 2 vần trở lên, trừ early):
More + adj/adv + than = hơn
Ex: A car is more expensive than a bicycle.
II. So sánh hơn nhất:

1. Đối với tính từ ngắn (có 1 vần), tính từ có hai vần tận cùng bằng y, ow, er và trạng từ ngắn (có 1 vần):
The + adj/adv + est = nhất
Ex: Grandfather is the oldest in my family.
2. Đối với các tính từ có 3 vần trở lên hoặc có 2 vần nhng không có tận cùng bằng y, ow, er và trạng từ dài (trạng từ
có 2 vần trở lên, trừ early):
The most + adj/adv = nhất.
Ex: This is the most difficult lesson in the book.
Một số trờng hợp đặc biệt của tính từ và trạng từ
Tính từ/ Trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
Good/ well
Bad/ badly
Many/ much
Littele
Far
Better
Worse
More
Less
Farther
Further
The best
The worst
The most
The least
The farthest
The furthest
Ex: This novel is better than that one.
He speaks English worse than other students.
Exercise: Đặt tính từ trong ngoặc ở dạng so sánh đúng.
1. Gold is (precious) than iron.

2. Cigarette paper is (thin) of all papers.
3. My bicycle is (expensive) as yours
4. The weather today is (warm) than the weather yesterday.
5. This film is not (good) as the one we saw last week.
6. Holidays are (pleasant) than working days.
7. Which is ( high) mountain in your country?
8. a horse is (strong) than a dog.
9. Robert is (fat) than his brother.
10. The Pacific is (large) ocean in the world.
11. Is he (studious) as his sister?
12. My cold is (bad) today than it was yesterday.
13. The story you told me was (funny) of all.
14. Jane is the (little) athletic of all the women.
15. Nobody is (happy) than Maria.
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III. Double comparative (so sánh kép)
The + cpmparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V
Ex: The hotter it is, the more misertable I feel.
The higher we flew, the worse Emma felt.
The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.
The more + S +V, The + comparative + S + V
Ex: The more you study, the smarter you become.
The more money he spent, the poorer he became.
Exercise: Kết hợp những câu sau thành một câu, dùng Double Comparative.
1. They get fat. They feel weak.
2. He trains hard. He feels strong.
3. The lesson is dificult. We try hard.
4. The house is large. It is expensive.
5. New Year comes near. People are busy.
6. We produce much rice. It is cheap.

7. The play was interesting. It attracted many people.
8. We plant many trees. We preserve much soil.
9. The worker built good roads. They needed a lot of equipment.
10. The soil was poor. The farmers try hard.
4. So that và such that
I So . that
Bắt đầu cho một mệnh đề phụ chỉ kết quả.
So + adj/ adv + that clause. ( quá . đến nỗi)
Ex: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home.
He spoke so fast that I didnt understand him.
Muốn diễn tả ý nghĩa quá nhiều đến nỗi ta dùng:
So many + danh từ đếm đợc, số nhiều + that clause.
So much + danh từ không đếm đợc, số ít + that clause
Ex: He has so many books that he cant read all of them.
There was so much noise that I couldnt sleep.
5. Such . that
Cũng bắt đầu cho mệnh đề phụ chỉ kết quả. Tuy nhiên Such that đ ợc dùng với một danh từ thờng có tính từ bổ nghĩa
đứng trớc.
Such + (a/an) +adj +Noun + that clause.
Ex: She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her.
It was such hot tea that I couldnt drink it.
They are such interesting books that we want to look at them again.
Exercise: Kết hợp mỗi cặp câu sau, dùng so that, such that
1. My friend is too sick. He cant go to school.
2. The food was very good. We finished it up in just a few minutes.
3. New York was a very big city. Jane was lost in it.
4. My neighbours are very bad persons. They made noise all day.
5. She bough too many things. She couldnt bring them home at a time.
6. She is quite poor. She cant buy a bicycle.
7. He gave us very good advice. All of us are thankful to him.

8. There is too much furniture in the room. We dont have enough space for the meeting.
9. Lan was very busy. She couldnt go to the movies with us.
10. Mr Green drank too much wine. He got sick.
6. too to or enough to .
I. too to : quá không thể.
Hình thức Too to đ ợc dỳng để chỉ một nguyên nhân đa tới một kết quả phủ định.
too + adj/ adv +to infinitive.
Ex: He is too young to go to school.
She ran too slowly to catch the train.
+ Nếu động từ theo sau diễn tả một sự việc đợc thực hiện bởi chủ ngữ vủa động từ đI trớc, thì ta dùng:
too + adj/ adv + for somebody + to - infinitive.
Ex: The questions are too difficult for us to answer.
The box was too heavy for the children to carry.
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+ Nếu tân ngữ của động từ theo sau thuộc cùng một ngòi hoặc một vật với chủ ngữ của động từ đI trớc thì ta không nhắc lại nó:
Ex: The book is too expensive for us to buy. (Không dùng It sau buy).
II: enough to đủ để có thể.
Hình thức enough to dùng để chỉ một nguyên nhân đ a tới một kết quả tất nhiên.
Adj/ adv + enough to infinitive.
Ex: He is sick enough to need a doctor.
The policeman ran fast enough to catch the thief.
+ Nếu động từ theo sau diễn tả một sự việc đợc thực hiện bởi chủ ngữ khác với chủ ngữ của động từ đI trớc, thì ta dùng:
Adj/ adv + enough for somebody = to infinitive.
Ex: The exercises are easy enough for you to do.
He spoke English slowly enough for us to understand.
+ Nếu tân ngữ của động từ theo sau thuộc cùng một ngời hoặc một vật với chủ ngữ của động từ đI trớc, thì ta không nhắc lại
nó:
Ex: The questions were easy enough for me to answer.
(không dùng THEM sau ANSWER)
+ Enough to có thể dùng sau một danh từ, thay vì sau một tính từ hoặc một phó từ.

Ex: He has money enough to buy a new car.
(He has enough money to buy a new car)
Exercise: Kết hợp các câu sau, dùng too to hoặc enough to
1. These oranges are ripe. You can eat them.
2. He is strong. He can carry this table.
3. The house is large. My family can live in it.
4. It was very late. They didnt go to the party.
5. The dress is so dirty. She cant wear it.
6. She is tall. She can reach the top shelf.
7. Mr Brown isnt rich. He cant buy a car.
8. My grandmother is very weak. She cant go to walk.
9. Forms of verb (dạng của động từ)
I. To infinitive (to V - đông từ nguyen thể có to ): sử dụng trong các trờng hợp sau:
+ Sau các động từ: want, intend, đecie, offer, promise, refuse, wish,
+ Sau các tính từ: glad, happy, ready, kind,
+ Sau phó từ: : enough, too.
+ Trong cấu trúc: It + take+ O +(time) + to V.
+ Trong cấu trúc: S + V + O + (not) + to V (với V là: ask, get, tell, advise, request, )
+ Biểu đạt mục đích thay cho: in order to
II. Bare infinitive: sử dụng trong các trờng hợp sau:
+ Sau Modal Verbs nh: can, may, must, will, shall, would, should, would rather, had better.
+ Trong cấu trúc với V la: make, let, have, (cause active)
+ Trong cấu trúc với V là đông từ tri giác (see, smell, notice, )
III. Verb ing: sử dụng trong các tr ờng hợp sau:
+ Sau một số động từ : avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practive, stop,
+ Sau các Phrasal Verbs: to be used to, to get accustomed to, to look forward to, to have a good time/ difficult/ trouble, to
spend/ wasste time, to be busy, to be worth, its no use, )
+ Trong cấu trúc với động từ là động từ tri giác biểu đạt hành động đang tiếp diễn.
+ Sau các giới từ nh: about, of, with, without,
IV. Past participle: đợc dùng trong các trờng hợp sau:

+ Trong thì Present Perfect: Have + PP.
+ Trong Passive Voise: Be + PP.
+ Trong cấu trúc Causative Passive: Have + something + PP.
+ Bắt đàu cho một ngữ phân từ mang nghĩa passive.
Exercise: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1. Tourists could see fish (swim) along the brook.
2. We enjoy (swim) along this river.
3. The form teacher has asked Jack (write) an essay on the Thames.
4. It sometimes may be dificult (get) a taxi during rush-hours.
5. The rain has made th children (stop) their games.
6. She tells th driver (take) her to the râiy station.
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