BÁO cáo CHUYÊN đề ôn THI đại học CHUYÊN đề đảo NGỮ

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT VĂN QUÁN

BÁO CÁO CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC
TÊN CHUYÊN ĐỀ : ĐẢO NGỮ
Tác giả : Nghiêm Thị Thủy
Chức vụ : Giáo viên
Đơn vị : THPT Văn Quán
Đối tượng bồi dưỡng : Lớp 12
Dự kiến số tiết bồi dưỡng : 08
Kiến thức: Dùng cho ôn thi Đại học, cao đẳng.
Dạng bài tập : Trắc nghiệm khách quan và tự luận.

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LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
Đảo ngữ (Inversion) trong tiếng anh là một trong những dạng bài tập mà học sinh
thường gặp nhiều khó khăn trong khi làm bài tập. Đây là dạng bài tương đối rắc rối với nhiều
cấu trúc đảo khác nhau. Hơn nữa, các câu hỏi về đảo ngữ cũng thường xuyên có mặt trong
các đề thi Đại học, Cao đẳng hàng năm của Bộ. Tài liệu này một phần nào đó sẽ giúp các em
học sinh hiểu rõ hơn về dạng bài tập này.

2


MỤC LỤC
Nội dung

Trang

Đảo ngữ : Khái niệm, Phân loại

4-7

Bài tập

8-11

Đáp án

12

Kết luận

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ĐẢO NGỮ
I. Khái niệm
Cấu trúc thông thường của một câu là : chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ, nhưng thỉnh
thoảng ta cũng thấy có trường hợp ngược lại : động từ đứng trước chủ ngữ. Trong trường hợp
này ta gọi là đảo ngữ. Như vậy, đảo ngữ trong tiếng anh là hình thức đem động từ hoặc trợ
động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm để nhấn mạnh.
II. Phân loại
Có 2 loại đảo ngữ
- Đảo ngữ chủ ngữ - động từ (subject – verb inversion) : đưa động từ ra trước chủ ngữ
Ví dụ : Her father stood in the doorway
=> In the doorway stood her father

- Đảo ngữ chủ ngữ - trợ động từ (subject – auxiliary inversion) : đưa trợ động từ ra trước
chủ ngữ)
Ví dụ : He had rarely seen such a sunset.
=> Rarely had he seen such a sunset.
Đối với loại đảo ngữ thứ 2, chúng ta có các trường hợp đảo ngữ cụ thể như sau:
1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No + N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf)
Not any + N + auxiliary + S + verb(inf)
Ví dụ : No money shall I lend you from now on
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on
2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,..: hiếm
khi mà
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Ví dụ : Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.
3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY

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Only one:
Only later:
Chỉ bằng cách này/ kia
Only in this way:
Only in that way:
Ví dụ : Only in this way could the problem be solved
Only one did I meet her
Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V
Only after+ N: Chỉ sau khi làm gì

Ví dụ : Only after all guest had gone home could we relax.
Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì
Ví dụ : Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently.
Only when+ clause: Chỉ khi làm gì
Ví dụ : Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
Ví dụ : Only when I understand her did I like her.
Only with+ N: Chỉ với cái gì
Ví dụ : Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.
Only if + clause
Only in + adv of time/ place
4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time: Không bao giờ
Ví dụ : The result of the match was never in doubt
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
On no condition
On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
Ví dụ : On no account must this switch be touched.
On no account should you be late for the exam.
Under/ In no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
Ví dụ : Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
For no reason
In no way: Không sao có thể
Ví dụ : In no way could I agree with you.
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By no means: Hoàn toàn không
Ví dụ : By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
5. No sooner.......... than....: Vừa mới...thì đã...
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely........ When/ before

Ví dụ : Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang.
(= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.)
Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
(= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.)
Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.
(= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.)
No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt.
(= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.)
No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went
bankrupt.
(= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.)
6. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also....: không những…….mà còn…..
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
hoặc Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but.... also..........
Ví dụ : Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.
7. Đảo ngữ với SO
So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
Ví dụ : So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
8. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:

Such + to be + Danh từ +…
Ví dụ : Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
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Such is the stuff of dreams.

(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).

Lưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun” thì ta dùng đảo ngữ với “such”
Ví dụ : The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it.
=> Such is the problem that everybody is concerned of it.
There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money.
=> Such is there uncertainty that I will not invest my money.
9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Ví dụ : I won't come home till 10 o'clock
=> Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home
=> Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key
10. Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V
Ví dụ : No where in Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
a, Câu điều kiện loại 1: If clause = should + S+V
(Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
Ví dụ : Should she come late she wil miss the train
Should he lend me some money I will buy that house
b, Câu điều kiện loại 2: If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S
(Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
Ví dụ : If I were you I would work harder =Were I you, I would work harder
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her, I would invite her
to the party.
c, Câu điều kiện loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+V3/ed
Ví dụ : If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
=> Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam

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BÀI TẬP
I. Chọn phương án đúng hoàn thành các câu sau đây:
1. ____________________________, you would have succeeded in your business.
A. If you listened to my advice
B. Were you to listen to my advice
C. Had you listened to my advice D. As long as you listened to my advice
2. She doesn’t like classical music and _______________________________.
A. I don’t, too
B. I don’t, either C. neither do I
D. B and C are correct
3. Little ______________ what he has caused to others.
A. does he know B. he knows
C. he can know D. he will know
4. __________ had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. Hardly
B. Scarcely
C. No sooner
D. Not only
5. ____________ a week goes by without some road accidents.
A. Hardly
B. Seldom
C. Never
D. Infrequently
II. Chọn phương án được gạch chân cần phải sửa lại trong các câu sau đây:
6. We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers. Nor we can stop the disappearance of
plants and animals.
7. Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he forgot his wallet.
8. It was not until he was 30 did he get married , had a job and lived independently of his

parents.
9. Never before has so many people in the U.S been interested in soccer.
10. Not only did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me
III. Chọn phương án A, B, C, D có nghĩa tương đương với câu cho sẵn:
11. I write to her almost every day.
A. Not a day goes by unless my writing to her.
B. Hardly does a day go by without my writing to her.
C. No day go by without my writing to her.
D. Almost every day goes by without my writing for her.
12. The noise next door didn’t stop until midnight.
A. It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped.
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B. Not until midnight did the noise next door stopped.
C. Only when midnight did the noise next door stopped.
D. Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight.
13. He started computer programming as soon as he left school.
A. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school.
B. Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school.
C. No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming.
D. After he left school, he had started computer programming.
14. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
A. As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all.
B. Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all.
C. Not only did he spent all his money but also he borrowed some from me.
D. Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well.
15. She only felt relaxed after a few months working for him.
A. She used to feel relaxed working for him a few months.
B. A few months ago, she didn’t find it relaxed working for him.

C. Only after a few months working for him did she feel relaxed.
D. It was not until a few months working for him did she feel relaxed.
16. Right after his appointment to the post, he fell ill.
A. No sooner did he appointed to the post than he fell ill.
B. No sooner had he appointed to the post than he fell ill.
C. Hardly had he appointed to the post when he fell ill.
D. Hardly had he been appointed to the post when he fell ill.
17. Just after solving one problem, I was faced with another.
A. Scarcely had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.
B. Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.
C. No sooner had I solved one problem than I was faced with another.
D. All are correct.
18. A country cannot be prosperous if it is not quite independent.
A. Unless a country is quite independent, it can be prosperous.
B. Without complete independence, a country can be prosperous.
C. Only when a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
D. It is not until a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
19. I only recognized him when he came into the light.
A. Only when I recognized him, he came into the light.
B. It wasn’t until he came into the light that I recognized him
C. Not until he came into the light I did recognize him
D. I did not recognize him even when he came into the light.
20. We couldn’t relax until all the guests had left.
A. Not until all the guests had left could we relax.
B. It wasn’t until all the guests had left that we could relax.
C. It wasn’t until all the guests had left could we relax.
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D. A and B are correct

21. The phone stopped ringing the moment I got downstairs.
A. No sooner had the phone stopped ringing than I got downstairs.
B. After the phone had stopped ringing, I got downstairs.
C. Hardly had the phone stopped ringing when I got downstairs.
D. No sooner had I got downstairs than the phone stopped ringing.
22. The light failed the moment they began work.
A. But for the light failed, they would have begun work.
B. Hardly did they begin work when the light failed.
C. Hardly had they begun work when the light failed.
D. As soon as the light failed, they began work.
23. She didn’t shed a tear as the play ended in tragedy.
A. The tragedy play wasn’t good for her to shed tear.
B. Without her tear, the play didn’t end tragically.
C. So tragic was the play that she didn’t shed a tear.
D. Not a tear did she shed when the play ended in tragedy.
IV. Chọn phương án A, B, C, D để hoàn thành các câu sau đây:
24. It was not until she had arrived home ___________________ her appointment with the
doctor.
A. when she remembered
B. that she remembered
C. and she remembered
D. did she remember
25. Canada does not require that U.S citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and
_________.
A. Mexico doesn’t, too
B. so does Mexico
C. Mexico doesn’t, either
D. neither is Mexico
26. ____________________, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If he studied harder last year

B. Provided he studied hard last year
C. Studying harder last year
D. Had he studied harder last year
27. ___________________ will Mr. Dennis be able to regain control of the company.
A. With hard work
B. Despite his hard work
C. Only if he works hardly
D. Only by working hard
28. __________ had I arrived home than it began to rain.
A. No sooner
B. Hardly
C. Scarcely
D. Rarely
29. My father paid my fees. _______________that, I wouldn’t be here now.
A. If there were not
B. But for
C. Had it not been for
D. B and C are correct
30. Only after food has been dried or canned ________________________________.
A. it should be stored for future use. B. that it should be stored for future use.
C. should it be stored for future use. D. should it store for future use.
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V. Viết lại các câu sau đây sử dụng các từ gợi ý:
1. You mustn't press this red button under any circumstances.
->Under no circumstances ...................................
2. She'd only just stubbed out one cigarette when she lit another.
->Hardly ...................................
3. We didn't see a soul all day.

-> Not ............................
4. As soon as I put the phone down, it rang again!
-> No sooner ............................................
5. He spoke so quietly that I didn't hear a thing he said.
->So ............................................
6. They didn't win a game all season.
-> Not ............................................
7. Life is like that.
-> Such ......................................
8. She didn't realise who he was until she'd been speaking to him for ten minutes.
-> Only after .....................................
9. Kate not only spilled wine on the carpet but she also broke six glasses.
-> Not only ............................
10. I'd never seen such a gigantic fish before!
-> Never .................................
11. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
-> So great .................................
12. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
-> No sooner .................................
13. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
-> Hardly .................................
14. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
-> Only when .................................
15. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
->Nowhere .................................
16. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time .................................
17. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
-> Not until .................................
18. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.

-> Only by .................................
19. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
-> In no way .................................
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20. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
-> No sooner .................................

ĐÁP ÁN
I.
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. D
II.
6. We can
7. forgot
8. did he get married
9. has
10. but also he
III.
11.
12.A 13.
14.D 15.
16.D 17.D 18.
19.
20.D 21.D 22. C 23.D
B

C
C
C
B
IV.
24. B
25. C
26. D
27. D
28. A
29. C
30. C
V.
1. Under no circumstances must you press this red button.
2. Hardly had she stubbed out one cigarette when she lit another.
3. Not a soul did we see all day.
4. No sooner did/had I put the phone down than it rang again.
5. So quietly did he speak that I didn't hear a thing he said.
6. Not a (single) game did they win all season.
7. Such is life.
8. Only after she'd been speaking to him for ten minutes
did she realise who he was.
9. Not only did Kate spill wine on the carpet, but she also broke six glasses.
10. Never (before) had I seen such a gigantic fish!
11. So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
12. No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
13. Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
14. Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
15. Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John.
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16. At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
17. Not until he got home did he remember about the gun.
18. Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete.
19. In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property.
20. No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony.

KẾT LUẬN
Việc có thể nắm được những cấu trúc đảo ngữ khác nhau là tương đối khó. Để làm
được việc này, học sinh cần nhớ và phân biệt được các cấu trúc, hiểu được các ví dụ và vận
dụng vào làm bài tập. Việc làm các dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm khác nhau ban đầu sẽ giúp học
sinh làm quen và hiểu, sau đó, việc làm các bài tập tự luận viết lại câu sẽ giúp học sinh hiểu
biết sâu hơn và thành thạo hơn khi làm dạng bài tập đảo ngữ này. Với kinh nghiệm trong
nghề còn non trẻ của mình, tôi hi vọng tài liệu này sẽ là tài liệu bổ ích khi tôi triển khai vào
ôn tập cho học sinh ôn thi đại học, cao đẳng sắp tới.
Tài liệu này là tài liệu cá nhân, có tham khảo, trong quá trình viết còn nhiều thiếu sót
chủ quan. Rất mong nhận được những đóng góp quý báu từ phía người đọc để hoàn thiện
hơn!

Văn Quán ngày 06/3/2014

Ngày 07/3/2014

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